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Nørregaard LB, Wickham KA, Jeppesen JS, Rytter N, Christoffersen LC, Gliemann L, Lawrence M, Evans PA, Kruuse C, Hellsten Y. Exercise transiently increases the density of incipient blood clots in antiplatelet-treated lacunar stroke patients. Thromb J 2024; 22:35. [PMID: 38581046 PMCID: PMC10996168 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older individuals and, in particular, individuals at risk of recurrent stroke, may be susceptible to thrombosis when participating in exercise, however, this aspect has not been well investigated. METHODS Clot microstructure and conventional markers of thrombotic risk were determined in twenty lacunar stroke patients and fifteen healthy age-matched controls before, immediately after and 1 h after a bout of moderate intensity cycling exercise. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model approach. RESULTS At rest, clot microstructure (1.69 ± 0.07 vs. 1.64 ± 0.05, corresponding to a difference of ~ 50% in normalized clot mass; p = 0.009) and thrombocyte count (73%; p < 0.0001) were higher, and activated partial thromboplastin time was lower (18%; p = 0.0001) in stroke patients compared to age-matched controls. Acute exercise increased thrombogenic markers similarly in the two groups: incipient clot microstructure (1.69 ± 0.07 vs. 1.74 ± 0.05; p = 0.0004 and 1.64 ± 0.05 vs. 1.71 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001, for stroke and controls respectively), plasma fibrinogen (12%; p < 0.0001 and 18%; p < 0.0001, for stroke and controls respectively) and the combined coagulation factors II, VII and X (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, for stroke and controls respectively). CONCLUSION The results show that exercise transiently increases the risk of blood clot formation in both stroke patients and controls, however, due to the higher baseline thrombogenicity in stroke patients, the post exercise risk of forming blood clots may be higher in this group. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03635177).
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Nørregaard
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K A Wickham
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Environmental Ergonomics Lab, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - J S Jeppesen
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Rytter
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L C Christoffersen
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Gliemann
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - P A Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - C Kruuse
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Y Hellsten
- The Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Cronin SK, Barnard AM, Dietz SJ, Lawrence M, Kramer AE, Gressley TF. Effect of short-term abomasal corn starch infusions on postruminal fermentation and blood measures. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8658-8669. [PMID: 37641271 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is possible that some of the systemic responses to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) may be caused by increased intestinal starch fermentation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of abomasal infusion of up to 3 g of corn starch/kg body weight (approximately 1.6 kg of starch/d) on fecal measures of fermentation, plasma acute phase proteins, and white blood cell populations. Six ruminally cannulated cows in late lactation were randomly assigned to duplicate 3 × 3 Latin squares with 21-d periods. Cows were fed a 20.6% starch TMR twice daily and during the last 7 d of each period cows were abomasally infused with corn starch at 0 (CON), 1 (ST1), or 3 (ST3) g/kg body weight split into 2 bolus infusions, provided every 12 h. Fecal samples were collected at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h following feeding on d 21 and were analyzed for pH, VFA, lactic acid, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Composite fecal samples were used to estimate apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility using undigested neutral detergent fiber as an internal marker. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 6 h relative to feeding on d 14, 18, and 21 of each period. Concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in plasma were measured in all samples, 0 h samples on d 14 and 21 were used to measure white blood cell populations, and 0 h samples from d 14, 18, and 21 were used for flow cytometric analysis of γδ T cells. Data were analyzed in SAS using models that included fixed effects of treatment and period and the random effects of cow and square. For blood measures, d 14 samples collected before the initiation of abomasal infusions were included as covariates. Time (d or h) was added as a repeated measure in variables that included multiple samples during the abomasal infusion period. A contrast was used to determine the linear effect of increasing abomasal corn starch. Abomasal corn starch linearly decreased fecal pH and linearly increased fecal total VFA and LPS, but effects were modest, with fecal pH, total VFA, and LPS changing from 6.96, 57.7 mM, and 4.14 log10 endotoxin units (EU) per gram for the CON treatment to 6.69, 64.1 mM, and 4.58 log10 EU/g for the ST3 treatment, respectively. This suggests that we did not induce hindgut acidosis. There were no effects of treatment on apparent total-tract starch digestibility or fecal starch content (mean of 96.9% and 2.2%, respectively). Treatment did not affect serum acute phase proteins or most circulating white blood cells, but the proportion of circulating γδ T cells tended to linearly decrease from 6.69% for CON to 4.61% for ST3. Contrary to our hypothesis, increased hindgut starch fermentation did not induce an inflammatory response in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Cronin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - A M Barnard
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - S J Dietz
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - M Lawrence
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - A E Kramer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - T F Gressley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.
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Namuga C, Ocan M, Kinengyere AA, Richard S, Namisango E, Muwonge H, Kirabira JB, Lawrence M, Obuku EA. Efficacy of nano encapsulated herbal extracts in the treatment of induced wounds in animal models: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:215. [PMID: 37968731 PMCID: PMC10652619 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wounds inflict pain and affect human health causing high expenditure on treatment and management. Herbal crude extracts are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for wounds and other illnesses. However, the progress in the use of plants has been deterred due to their poor solubility and poor bioavailability requiring administration at high doses. It has been established that nanoencapsulation of herbal products in nanocarriers (size 1 nm to 100 nm) such as nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanospheres, and nanoliposomes greatly improves their efficacy. Due to their small and large surface area, nanocarriers are more biologically active, improve bioavailability, protect the drug from deterioration, and release it to the targeted site in a sustainable manner. AIM The review aims to collate and appraise evidence on the efficacy of nano encapsulated herbal extracts in the treatment of induced wounds in animal models. METHODS The review will be protocol-driven and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for Protocols (PRISMA-P) and protocol guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis for animal intervention studies. The final review will be conducted and reported with reference to PRISMA 2020 statement. Studies will be searched in Pub Med, ProQuest, Web of Science, Medline Ovid, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA flow criteria will be followed in screening the articles for inclusion. Data extraction form will be designed in Excel spreadsheet 2013 and data extracted based on the primary and secondary outcomes. Risk of bias assessment will be done using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. Data analysis will be done using narrative and quantitative synthesis. EXPECTED RESULTS We hope to make meaningful comparisons between the effectiveness of the herb-loaded nanomaterials and other interventions (controls) in the selected studies, based on the primary and secondary outcome measures. We expect that these findings to inform clinical practice on whether preclinical studies show enough quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of herbal-loaded nanomaterials that can be translated into clinical trials and further research. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO 330330. The protocol was submitted on the 11th of May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Namuga
- Department of Polymer, Textile and Industrial Engineering, Busitema University, Tororo, P. O. Box 256, Uganda.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Makerere University, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda.
| | - Moses Ocan
- Department of Pharmacology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alison A Kinengyere
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Albert Cook Library, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ssenono Richard
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, P. O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eve Namisango
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Haruna Muwonge
- Department of Physiology, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU), P.O Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Baptist Kirabira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Makerere University, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Kampala, P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Mugisha Lawrence
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ekwaro A Obuku
- Department of Medicine, Africa Centre for Knowledge Translation and Systematic Reviews, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Boyd K, Lawrence M, Borish L, Wavell K, Teague G. IMPACT OF ALLERGEN SENSITIZATION ON AIRFLOW LIMITATION IN CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ASTHMA. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Breidenbaugh M, Lawrence M, Borish L, Minnicozzi S, Shirley D. BALANCING GVHD IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND COVID19 VIRAL REACTIVATION IN A PATIENT WITH ATYPICAL COMPLETE DIGEORGE SYNDROME. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9646424 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Van Citters A, Aliaj E, Cary J, King J, Alvarez J, Brown C, Cravens R, Frederick C, Georgiopoulos A, Goss C, Kazmerski T, Lawrence M, Lovell C, Tillman L, Yu E. 322 Highly-effective modulator therapies: Impact on the well-being of people living with cystic fibrosis and implications for the cystic fibrosis care model. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Watson O, Pillai S, Howard M, Cezar-Zaldua J, Whitley J, Burgess B, Lawrence M, Hawkins K, Morris K, Evans PA. Impaired fibrinolysis in severe Covid-19 infection is detectable in early stages of the disease. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:183-191. [PMID: 35694917 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant degree of mortality and morbidity in Covid-19 is due to thromboembolic disease. Coagulopathy has been well described in critically unwell patients on ICU. There is less clear evidence regarding these changes at the time of presentation to the Emergency Department and the progression of disease over time. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether coagulation markers can predict severity and how they change over the disease course. METHODS Patients presenting to a single University Teaching Hospital were recruited and followed up if PCR was positive. Alongside routine blood testing, Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was performed. Outcome data was recorded for all patients, and ROTEM values were compared across outcome groups. RESULTS Extem and Intem Maximum Lysis were significantly reduced in those who died or required an ICU admission, indicating a reduced ability to break down clot mass in the most critically unwell patients. CONCLUSION Comparisons between groups demonstrated that one distinguishing feature between those who require ICU admission or die of Covid-19 compared with those who survive a hospital stay to discharge was the extent to which fibrinolysis could occur. Mortality and morbidity in Covid-19 infection appears in part driven by an inability to break down clot mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Watson
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - S Pillai
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - M Howard
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - J Cezar-Zaldua
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - J Whitley
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
| | - B Burgess
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board
| | - M Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board
| | | | - K Morris
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
| | - P A Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Swansea Bay University Health Board.,Swansea University, UK
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8
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Lawrence M, Karia R, George K. 1395 The Influence of Shortened Antimicrobial Courses in Surgical Management of Mid 1/3rd Facial Fractures. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing issue posing a grave threat to global public health. A prospective pilot study within our OMFS unit investigated the effects a shortened course of perioperative antimicrobial cover had on infective post-operative complications in patients who had surgical management of mid 1/3rd facial fractures.
Method
As per the World Health Organisation (WHO) global action plan on antimicrobial resistance, with our microbiology team we developed and implemented a shortened antimicrobial protocol for use in the surgical management of mid 1/3rd facial fractures. Following protocol implementation, the records of 55 patients who underwent surgery for their mid 1/3 facial fractures between May 2019 and May 2020 were reviewed.
Results
Of 55 patients who underwent surgical management of mid 1/3rd facial fractures 28/55 (50.9%) were prescribed a shortened course of perioperative antimicrobials depending on whether an intra or extra oral surgical approach was used, whilst 27/55 (49.1%) were prescribed a longer course of antimicrobials. Of those given a shortened course of antimicrobials 1/28 (3.6%) experienced infective post-operative complications. Conversely 4/27 (14.8%) of those given a longer course of antibiotics experienced infective post-operative complications.
Conclusions
This data supports growing evidence that shorter courses of antimicrobials are appropriate in the surgical management of facial fractures. As OMFS surgeons we can utilise evidence-based medicine to provide optimal surgical care whilst simultaneously contributing to healthcare professionals’ obligations to tackle the increasing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lawrence
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Karia
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K George
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Davies A, McKay P, Osborne W, Stanton L, Tansley‐Hancock O, Lawrence M, Mercer K, Allen A, Pottinger B, Zhelyazkova A, Miall F, Rafferty J, Sale B, Cucco F, Nunn L, Coleman A, Griffiths G, Du MQ, Burton C, Barrons S, Johnson P. 9P GAIN PREDICTS OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY (R/R) DIFFUSE LARGE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA (DLBCL) TREATED WITH R‐GEMOX +/‐ ATEZOLIZUMAB. ARGO: A RANDOMISED PHASE II STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.11_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Davies
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - P McKay
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre Department of Haematology Glasgow UK
| | - W Osborne
- Freeman Hospital The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Department of Haematology Newcastle UK
| | - L Stanton
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - O Tansley‐Hancock
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - M Lawrence
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - K Mercer
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - A Allen
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - B Pottinger
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Haematology Truro UK
| | - A Zhelyazkova
- The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Haematology Manchester UK
| | - F Miall
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Department of Haematology Leicester UK
| | - J Rafferty
- Patient Representative, c/o CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - B Sale
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - F Cucco
- University of Cambridge Department of Pathology Cambridge UK
| | - L Nunn
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - A Coleman
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - G Griffiths
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
| | - M. Q Du
- University of Cambridge Department of Pathology Cambridge UK
| | - C Burton
- Leeds Cancer Centre Haematological Malignancies Diagnostic Service Leeds UK
| | - S Barrons
- Leeds Cancer Centre Haematological Malignancies Diagnostic Service Leeds UK
| | - P Johnson
- University of Southampton Southampton Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Centre CRUK/NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre CRUK Southampton Clinical Trials Unit Southampton UK
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Evans VJ, Lawrence M, Whitley J, Johns C, Pillai S, Hawkins K, Power K, Morris K, Williams R, Evans PA. The treatment effect of rivaroxaban on clot characteristics in patients who present acutely with first time deep vein thrombosis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 80:139-151. [PMID: 33682699 DOI: 10.3233/ch-201030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acute vascular disease deep vein thrombosis (DVT) requires oral anticoagulants to prevent progression. Monitoring therapeutic efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), including rivaroxaban, is problematic as no reliable test is available. Advances in rheometry have led to the development of a functional coagulation biomarker using Gel Point (GP) analysis which assesses clot structure formation. The biomarker measures incipient clot formation time (TGP) and quantifies fibrin clot structure in terms of fractal dimension (df). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate clot structure formation in first time DVT and the effect of rivaroxaban treatment. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study measured the GP and standard laboratory markers at three sample points: pre-treatment and at 20 and 60 days following 15 mg BD and 20 mg OD rivaroxaban respectively. RESULTS Forty DVT patients (mean age 64 years [SD±14.8]; 23 males, 17 female) were recruited. The results show that DVT vs non-DVT patients did not have a significantly different GP profile (df: 1.72±0.06 vs 1.70±0.06 and TGP: 267±68 sec vs 262±73 sec) with both within the defined healthy index. In addition, rivaroxaban therapy increased TGP to 392 s (±135 s) after 20 days, and subsequently increased to 395 s (±194 s) at 60 days but did not significantly increase df (from 1.69±0.05 to 1.71±0.06). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate in this cohort of DVT patients there was no underlying hypercoagulable effect as determined by gel point analysis. Furthermore, the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban prolonged clotting, suggesting a protective effect against clot formation, without significantly reducing clot microstructural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - M Lawrence
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - J Whitley
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - C Johns
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - S Pillai
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - K Power
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - K Morris
- Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - P A Evans
- Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.,Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Lawrence M, Polukis S, Barnard AM, Miller MA, Kung L, Gressley TF. Evaluating the effects of Lactobacillus animalis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii on performance and rumen and fecal measures in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4119-4133. [PMID: 33612206 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the effect of supplementation with a bacterial direct-fed microbial on performance and apparent total-tract nutrient digestion of dairy cows. In experiment 1, 30 multiparous cows (75 ± 32 d in milk) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments fed for 10 wk. All cows were fed a diet containing 23.8% starch. Treatments were top dressed to rations twice daily and consisted of a combination of Lactobacillus animalis (1 × 109 cfu/d) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (2 × 109 cfu/d; LAPF) or carrier alone (CON). In experiment 2, 6 ruminally cannulated cows (123 ± 129 d in milk) were randomly assigned to a crossover design with two 6-wk periods. Cows received the same CON or LAPF treatment as in experiment 1. Cows were fed the same 23.8% starch diet as experiment 1 during wk 1 through 5 of each period, and then cows were abruptly switched to a 31.1% starch diet for wk 6. For both experiments, intake and milk yield were measured daily, and milk samples were collected weekly. In experiment 1, fecal grab samples were collected every 6 h on d 7 of experimental wk 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Fecal consistency was scored, and fecal starch was measured in daily composite samples. Fecal composites from a subset of 7 cows per treatment were used to measure apparent total-tract nutrient digestion. In experiment 2, rumen pH was continuously recorded during wk 5 and 6. On d 7 of wk 5 (the final day of feeding the 23.8% starch ration), d 1 of wk 6 (the day of diet transition), and d 7 of wk 6 (the final day of feeding the 31.1% starch ration), rumen in situ digestion was determined. Samples of rumen fluid and feces were collected every 6 h on those days for measurement of fecal starch (composited by cow within day), rumen volatile fatty acids, and fecal pH. Rumen and fecal samples were collected at one time point on those days for microbiota assessment. In experiment 1, treatment did not affect intake, milk yield, milk composition, or fecal score. The LAPF treatment decreased fecal starch percentage and tended to increase starch digestion compared with CON, but the differences were very small (0.59 vs. 0.78% and 98.74 vs. 98.46%, respectively). Digestion of other nutrients was unaffected. In experiment 2, LAPF increased rumen pH following the abrupt switch to the high-starch diet, but milk yield was lower for LAPF compared with CON (35.7 vs. 33.2 kg/d). Contrary to the decrease in fecal starch with LAPF observed in experiment 1, fecal starch tended to be increased by LAPF following the abrupt ration change in experiment 2 (2.97 vs. 2.15%). Few effects of treatment on rumen and fecal microbial populations were detectable. Under the conditions used in our experiments, addition of the bacterial direct-fed microbials did not have a marked effect on animal performance, ruminal measures, or total-tract nutrient digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lawrence
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - S Polukis
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - A M Barnard
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - M A Miller
- Phaseolus Consulting, Wyndmoor, PA 19308
| | - L Kung
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716
| | - T F Gressley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.
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Knoedler A, Lawrence M. M254 IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND CHARGE SYNDROME. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Biswas L, Lawrence M, Heinan K, Koroulakis D, Berry D. M240 PROGRESSIVE GAIT INSTABILITY AND INTRACRANIAL LESIONS OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY IN STAT1 GOF MUTATION. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marsden NJ, Lawrence M, Davies N, Davies G, Morris K, Williams PR, Whitaker IS, Evans PA. The effect of the acute inflammatory response of burns and its treatment on clot characteristics and quality: A prospective case controlled study. Burns 2019; 46:1051-1059. [PMID: 31866177 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burns are known to have an effect on coagulation in the early period after burn. Current coagulation tests have been criticised in acute burns due to their inherent limitations. This study aims to investigate the potential for a new quantitative functional biomarker of clot quality, fractal dimension, to identify changes in clot microstructure as a result of the burn inflammatory response and its treatment. METHODS A total of fifty-eight burn patients were included in this prospective case-controlled study. The control group (29 patients mean TBSA 1%), and case group (29 patients mean TBSA 30%) were compared at baseline and the case group investigated further over four time points (baseline, 12h, 24h and 5-7 days). Fractal analysis was performed, as well as current markers of coagulation, inflammatory markers and point-of-care tests, Thromboelastography and Multiplate analysis. RESULTS Fractal dimension did not differ between groups at admission (1.73±0.06 and 1.72±0.1), and fell within the healthy index normal range (1.74±0.7), suggesting a normal clot microstructure in the early period after burn. Fractal dimension significantly reduced from baseline over the first 24h following injury (1.59±0.03 p<0.005), indicating a significant reduction in mechanical clot strength and functionality consistent with a hypocoagulable state, not identified with other markers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to quantify the changes in clot microstructure following burn injury. This study confirms clot microstructure is significantly altered during the first 24h after burn, with the production of a weaker, more porous fibrin clot, consistent with a hypocoagulable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Marsden
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - M Lawrence
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - N Davies
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - G Davies
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - K Morris
- Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - P R Williams
- School of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - I S Whitaker
- Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - P A Evans
- Haemostasis Biomedical Research Unit, Welsh Centre for Emergency Medicine Research, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK.
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Booth J, Aucott L, Cotton S, Goodman C, Hagen S, Harari D, Lawrence M, Lowndes A, Macaulay L, MacLennan G, Mason H, McClurg D, Norrie J, Norton C, O’Dolan C, Skelton DA, Surr C, Treweek S. ELECtric Tibial nerve stimulation to Reduce Incontinence in Care homes: protocol for the ELECTRIC randomised trial. Trials 2019; 20:723. [PMID: 31843002 PMCID: PMC6915984 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent in nursing and residential care homes (CHs) and profoundly impacts on residents' dignity and quality of life. CHs predominantly use absorbent pads to contain UI rather than actively treat the condition. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) is a non-invasive, safe and low-cost intervention with demonstrated effectiveness for reducing UI in adults. However, the effectiveness of TPTNS to treat UI in older adults living in CHs is not known. The ELECTRIC trial aims to establish if a programme of TPTNS is a clinically effective treatment for UI in CH residents and investigate the associated costs and consequences. METHODS This is a pragmatic, multicentre, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel-group trial comparing the effectiveness of TPTNS (target n = 250) with sham stimulation (target n = 250) in reducing volume of UI in CH residents. CH residents (men and women) with self- or staff-reported UI of more than once per week are eligible to take part, including those with cognitive impairment. Outcomes will be measured at 6, 12 and 18 weeks post randomisation using the following measures: 24-h Pad Weight Tests, post void residual urine (bladder scans), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition, Minnesota Toileting Skills Questionnaire and Dementia Quality of Life. Economic evaluation based on a bespoke Resource Use Questionnaire will assess the costs of providing a programme of TPTNS. A concurrent process evaluation will investigate fidelity to the intervention and influencing factors, and qualitative interviews will explore the experiences of TPTNS from the perspective of CH residents, family members, CH staff and managers. DISCUSSION TPTNS is a non-invasive intervention that has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing UI in adults. The ELECTRIC trial will involve CH staff delivering TPTNS to residents and establish whether TPTNS is more effective than sham stimulation for reducing the volume of UI in CH residents. Should TPTNS be shown to be an effective and acceptable treatment for UI in older adults in CHs, it will provide a safe, low-cost and dignified alternative to the current standard approach of containment and medication. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03248362. Registered on 14 August 2017. ISRCTN, ISRCTN98415244. Registered on 25 April 2018. https://www.isrctn.com/.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Booth
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - L. Aucott
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S. Cotton
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C. Goodman
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - S. Hagen
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit (NMAHP RU), Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - D. Harari
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M. Lawrence
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - A. Lowndes
- Playlist for Life, Unit 1/14, Govanhill Workspace, Glasgow,, UK
| | - L. Macaulay
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - G. MacLennan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H. Mason
- Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - D. McClurg
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit (NMAHP RU), Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Norrie
- Usher Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - C. O’Dolan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - D. A. Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Govan Mbeki Building, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - C. Surr
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - S. Treweek
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Mahu I, Conrod P, Barrett S, Sako A, Swansburg J, Lawrence M, Laroque F, Morin J, Chinneck A, Nogueira-Arjona R, Stewart S. Specificity of personality relationships to particular forms of concurrent substance use among methadone maintenance therapy clients. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106056. [PMID: 31351326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A mainstay treatment for opioid addiction in North America is methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) - a form of opiate agonist therapy (OAT). While efficacious for treating opioid addiction, MMT fails to address the concurrent polysubstance use that is common among opioid dependent clients. Moreover, psychosocial approaches for addressing polysubstance use during MMT are lacking. Our study's goals were to validate the use of the four-factor personality model of substance use vulnerability in MMT clients, and to demonstrate theoretically-relevant relationships of personality to concurrent substance use while receiving MMT. METHOD Respondents included 138 daily-witnessed MMT clients (65.9% male, 79.7% Caucasian), mean age (SD) 40.18 (11.56), recruited across four Canadian MMT clinics. Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish the structural validity of the four-factor personality model of substance use vulnerability (operationalized with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale [SURPS]) in MMT clients. SURPS personality scores were then used as predictors for specific forms of recent (past 30-day) substance use. RESULTS Using a latent hierarchal model, hopelessness was associated with recent opioid use; anxiety sensitivity with recent tranquilizer use; and sensation seeking with recent alcohol, cannabis, and stimulant use. CONCLUSION Personality is associated with substance use patterns and may be an appropriate target for intervention for those undergoing MMT to reduce opioid use, and potentially dangerous concurrent use of other drugs, while receiving methadone.
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Eschenbacher W, Phillips E, Williams E, Lawrence M. M261 ICF1 SYNDROME PRESENTING WITH BACTEREMIA, MENINGITIS AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mullins B, Mazur L, Amos A, Schreiber E, Marks L, Chen R, Shen C, Lawrence M, Dance M, Chera B. Common Error Pathways in Radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gwynne K, Gwynn J, Finlayson H, Hamilton S, Lawrence M, MacNiven R, Neubeck L, Rambaldini B, Rodrigues R, Taylor K, Thompson S, Freedman B. Atrial Fibrillation and Indigenous Australians: A Way Forward for Timely and Effective Screening and Treatment. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Williamson L, Yudkin P, Livingstone R, Prasad K, Fuller A, Lawrence M. Hay Fever Treatment in General Practice: A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Standardised Western Acupuncture with Sham Acupuncture. Acupunct Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/aim.14.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The effect of standardised, Western acupuncture on hay fever symptoms was investigated in a randomised, controlled, single-blind trial in comparison with “sham” acupuncture. Three general practices, in Oxfordshire (rural), Lincolnshire (semi-rural), and Peterborough (urban), recruited 102 patients aged 16 or over with long-standing, moderate or severe hay fever symptoms that had required continuous therapy for at least one month of the year for three or more consecutive years. The patients were asked to keep a diary to record: the amount of medication used daily; a daily symptom score (using a ten-point scale), from which was derived a weekly remission of symptoms score; and their assessment of the effect of acupuncture on the hay fever symptoms. Symptom scores and use of medication were similar in the two groups. In the four-week period following each patient's first treatment, remission of symptoms was reported by 39.0% in the active treatment group and 45.2% in the sham group; mean weekly symptom scores were 18.4 and 17.6 respectively; and mean units of medication used were 4.1 and 5.0 respectively. Sixteen out of 43 patients in the active treatment group and 14 out of 43 in the sham group felt that the acupuncture had had an excellent or very good effect on their hay fever. The treatments were simple, safe, reproducible and perceived as equally effective. Whether this represented an acupuncture effect, a placebo effect, or natural variation in a fluctuating condition, is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Yudkin
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford
| | | | - K Prasad
- Westwood Clinic, Wichen Way, Peterborough
| | - A Fuller
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford
| | - M Lawrence
- University Lecturer in General Practice, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford
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Eley VA, Chin A, Sekar R, Donovan T, Krepska A, Lawrence M, Bell S, Ralfe K, McGrath S, Webb L, Robinson A, van Zundert A, Marquart L. Increasing body mass index and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness are associated with increased skin-to-epidural space distance in pregnant women. Int J Obstet Anesth 2018; 38:59-65. [PMID: 30477996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index does not indicate the distribution of adipose tissue. Central adiposity may be measured using ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness. This study determined if the abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measured correlated with skin-to-epidural space distance at delivery, and compared this with the booking body mass index. METHODS We analysed a sub-set of participants from a single-centre, prospective cohort study that assessed the relationship between subcutaneous fat thickness and maternity outcomes. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measurements were obtained during the routine fetal anomaly scan. The skin-to-epidural space distance was obtained in those having epidural or combined spinal-epidural analgesia. Linear regression was used to test for strength of association and adjusted R2 values calculated to determine if subcutaneous fat thickness or body mass index was more strongly associated with skin-to-epidural space distance. RESULTS The 463 women had a median (IQR) booking body mass index of 25.0 kg/m2 (21.8-29.3) and subcutaneous fat thickness of 16.2 mm (13.0-21.0). The median (IQR) skin-to-epidural space distance was 5.0 cm (4.5-6.0). Both parameters significantly correlated with skin-to-epidural space distance (r=0.53 and 0.68 respectively, P <0.001). Adjusted linear regression coefficient (95% CI) for subcutaneous fat thickness was 0.09 (0.08 to 0.11), R2=0.30 and for body mass index 0.12 (0.11 to 0.13), R2=0.47. CONCLUSIONS Booking body mass index had a stronger relationship with skin-to- epidural space distance at delivery than subcutaneous fat thickness, explaining 47% of the variation in the skin-to-epidural distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Eley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A Chin
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Sekar
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Donovan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Grantley Stable Neonatal Unit, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Krepska
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Lawrence
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Bell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Ralfe
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - S McGrath
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Webb
- Statistics Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Robinson
- The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A van Zundert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Marquart
- Statistics Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Jiang Y, Lawrence M, Ansell MP, Hussain A. Cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density of hemp shiv. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:171945. [PMID: 29765652 PMCID: PMC5936917 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper, for the first time, fully characterizes the intrinsic physical parameters of hemp shiv including cell wall microstructure, pore size distribution and absolute density. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural features similar to hardwoods. Confocal microscopy revealed three major layers in the cell wall: middle lamella, primary cell wall and secondary cell wall. Computed tomography improved the visualization of pore shape and pore connectivity in three dimensions. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) showed that the average accessible porosity was 76.67 ± 2.03% and pore size classes could be distinguished into micropores (3-10 nm) and macropores (0.1-1 µm and 20-80 µm). The absolute density was evaluated by helium pycnometry, MIP and Archimedes' methods. The results show that these methods can lead to misinterpretation of absolute density. The MIP method showed a realistic absolute density (1.45 g cm-3) consistent with the density of the known constituents, including lignin, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. However, helium pycnometry and Archimedes' methods gave falsely low values owing to 10% of the volume being inaccessible pores, which require sample pretreatment in order to be filled by liquid or gas. This indicates that the determination of the cell wall density is strongly dependent on sample geometry and preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Jiang
- Author for correspondence: Y. Jiang e-mail:
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Lawrence M, Fan K. Swallowed partial denture. Br Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Azar JF, Chalah T, Rautureau P, Lawrence M, Hingrat Y. Breeding success and juvenile survival in a reintroduced captive-bred population of Asian houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Scheel D, Godfrey-Smith P, Linquist S, Chancellor S, Hing M, Lawrence M. Octopus engineering, intentional and inadvertent. Commun Integr Biol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5824970 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2017.1395994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously published a description of discovery of a site where octopuses live in an unusually dense collection of individual dens near one another in a bed of scallop shells amid a rock outcrop. We believe the shell bed is an extended midden, accumulated over time by individual octopuses returning to their dens with food. Here we consider what aspects of material collection, den maintenance, and aggregation are intentional for the octopuses, versus inadvertent consequences of individual decisions. Collection of prey items, transport of prey to the den, den excavation, and collection and use of non-prey materials at the den appear to be intentional behaviors. The occurrence of many dens in close aggregation appears to be an inadvertent outcome of the availability of food and the risk of predation in the habitat. Popular media reports have described this site as an ‘city’ designed by octopuses, but that is not an accurate description of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scheel
- Marine & Environmental Sciences, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - P. Godfrey-Smith
- Unit for History and Philosophy of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, and CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S. Linquist
- Philosophy, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - S. Chancellor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M. Hing
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Tyrer P, Gordon F, Nourmand S, Lawrence M, Curran C, Southgate D, Oruganti B, Tyler M, Tottle S, North B, Kulinskaya E, Kaleekal JT, Morgan J. Controlled comparison of two crisis resolution and home treatment teams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.108.023077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aims and methodTo compare an existing crisis resolution service with a new crisis resolution team (CRT) in Wales. The impact of the new team was measured by changes in bed days and admissions. A random sample of patients from each service was assessed for service satisfaction, social functioning and quality of life after first presentation.ResultsThe total number of bed days was reduced following the introduction of the new CRT (27.3%). The frequency and duration of compulsory admissions increased by 31% in the CRT between the first and second years and by 7% in the control service, offset by a greater reduction in informal admissions in the CRT (23.5%) compared with the control group (13.3%); overall bed usage was unchanged. Service satisfaction, social functioning and quality of life showed no important differences between the services.Clinical implicationsCrisis resolution teams may reduce informal admissions in the short term but at the cost of more compulsory admissions later.
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Lawrence M, Mastromonaco G, Goodrowe K, Santymire R, Waddell W, Schulte-Hostedde A. The effects of inbreeding on sperm morphometry of captive-bred endangered mammals. CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Captive breeding is used for the conservation of endangered species, but inbreeding can result when a small number of founders are used to establish populations. Inbreeding can reduce the proportion of normal sperm in an ejaculate, but may also have effects on sperm size and shape (morphometry). We investigated the effects of inbreeding on sperm morphometry of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman, 1851)) and red wolves (Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) from captive breeding programs to determine if more inbred males produced sperm of poor quality (bulky head, small midpiece, short tail). We measured sperm head length, head width, midpiece length, midpiece width, and tail length on 10 sperm from each male of both species. A negative relationship between variation in sperm tail length and inbreeding coefficient (f) was found in black-footed ferret, suggesting that more inbred individuals will have reduced genetic and phenotypic variation. Analyses indicated a negative relationship between sperm head width and f and a positive relationship between sperm tail length and f in red wolf, suggesting that more inbred male red wolves could have faster sperm. These results indicate that inbreeding affects functionally important aspects of sperm morphometry, but that these effects may not be entirely negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lawrence
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G. Mastromonaco
- Reproductive Physiology, Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, ON M1B 5K7, Canada
| | - K. Goodrowe
- Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA
| | - R.M. Santymire
- Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - W. Waddell
- Point Defiance Zoo and Aquarium, Tacoma, WA 98407, USA
| | - A.I. Schulte-Hostedde
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Lawrence M. Rethinking the translation of nutrition evidence into public health practice. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) is increasingly being used to improve outcomes such as stress and depression in a range of long-term conditions (LTCs). While systematic reviews on MBSR have taken place for a number of conditions there remains limited information on its impact on individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Medline, Central, Embase, Amed, CINAHAL were searched in March 2016. These databases were searched using a combination of MeSH subject headings where available and keywords in the title and abstracts. We also searched the reference lists of related reviews. Study quality was assessed based on questions from the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. RESULTS Two interventions and three papers with a total of 66 participants were included. The interventions were undertaken in Belgium (n = 27) and the USA (n = 39). One study reported significantly increased grey matter density (GMD) in the brains of the MBSR group compared to the usual care group. Significant improvements were reported in one study for a number of outcomes including PD outcomes, depression, mindfulness, and quality of life indicators. Only one intervention was of reasonable quality and both interventions failed to control for potential confounders in the analysis. Adverse events and reasons for drop-outs were not reported. There was also no reporting on the costs/benefits of the intervention or how they affected health service utilisation. CONCLUSION This systematic review found limited and inconclusive evidence of the effectiveness of MBSR for PD patients. Both of the included interventions claimed positive effects for PD patients but significant outcomes were often contradicted by other results. Further trials with larger sample sizes, control groups and longer follow-ups are needed before the evidence for MBSR in PD can be conclusively judged.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. McLean
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, I Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - M. Lawrence
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - R. Simpson
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, I Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
| | - S. W. Mercer
- General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, I Horselethill Road, Glasgow, Scotland G12 9LX UK
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Nurgat ZA, Alzahrani H, Lawrence M, Mannan A, Ashour M, Rasheed W, Aljurf M. Intracranial hypertension secondary to high dose cytosine arabinoside - A case study. J Infect Chemother 2016; 23:319-322. [PMID: 28011351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of intracranial hypertension following high dose cytosine arabinoside (HiDAC) in a 20-year-old man, with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A five drug induction protocol for ALL was initiated; post induction consolidation was with HiDAC (3 g/m2 IV every 12 h on days 1, 3 and 5). Post consolidation, cytogenetic remission was attained and he received an intensification and maintenance regimen for ALL, for a period of approximately 24 months. Four months following the completion of his treatment, the patient relapsed within the central nervous system (CNS). Intravenous salvage chemotherapy was initiated using a combination of fludarabine 30 mg/m2, followed by cytarabine 2 g/m2 4 h later on days 1 through 5 (FA). On day # 23 of FA, he developed a severe headache. A gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased intracranial pressure. On day # 25, ophthalmology examination suggested bilateral papilledema. He was started on acetazolamide 250 mg twice daily. He had spontaneous resolution of his symptoms. The patient had no recurrence of papilledema or any other neurological symptoms. Intracranial hypertension secondary to HiDAC, is an exceedingly rare complication and is not regularly associated as a common side effect of cytarabine administration. Prompt action in diagnosing and treating intracranial hypertension will save the patient from consequences, such as loss of vision, that are prevalent in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Nurgat
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Care Division, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - H Alzahrani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Section of Adult Hematology/HSCT, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Lawrence
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Nursing Development, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Mannan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Section of Adult Hematology/HSCT, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ashour
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Care Division, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Rasheed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Section of Adult Hematology/HSCT, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aljurf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Section of Adult Hematology/HSCT, PO Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Field P, Gauld R, Lawrence M. Enhancing evidence use in public health nutrition policymaking: theoretical insights from a New Zealand case study. Health Res Policy Syst 2016; 14:84. [PMID: 27887613 PMCID: PMC5124286 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-016-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancing the use of evidence in policymaking is critical to addressing the global burden of nutrition-related disease. Whilst the public health nutrition community has embraced evidence-informed policymaking, their approach of defining relevant evidence and evaluating policy has not brought about major shifts in policymaking. This article uses a public health nutrition case study to refine a novel theory-informed framework for enhancing the use of evidence in government public health nutrition policymaking. Our aim is to contribute insights from evidence-informed policy to the emerging paradigm in public health nutrition policymaking. Methods An enquiry framework informed by three groups of theories underpinning evidence-informed policy was used to explore the role of socially mediated processes on the use of evidence. A public health nutrition case study on food marketing to New Zealand children was conducted to refine the framework. Interview data collected from 54 individuals representing four key policy stakeholder groups, policymakers, academics, and food industry and non-government organisations were analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. To enhance theoretical robustness, an alternative hypothesis of political explanations for evidence use was explored alongside the enquiry framework. Results We found the prevailing political climate influenced the impact of advocacy for evidence inclusive processes at the meta-policy and policymaking process levels and in policy community relationships. Low levels of awareness of the impact of these processes on evidence use and uncoordinated advocacy resulted in the perpetuation of ad hoc policymaking. These findings informed refinements to the enquiry framework. Conclusion Our study highlights the role advocates can play in shifting government public health nutrition policymaking systems towards enhanced use of evidence. Our Advocacy for Evidence Use framework argues for a three-channel approach to advocacy for using evidence in the public interest. The framework provides a means for building a constituency for evidence use in public health nutrition and adds understanding about advocacy to the field of evidence-informed policy. Future research should examine the impact of coordinated advocacy on public health nutrition policymaking systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12961-016-0154-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Field
- Department Human Nutrition, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - R Gauld
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Center for Health Systems, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - M Lawrence
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
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Price A, Lawrence M, Das S, Rankine L. SU-F-T-291: Development of Physician-Driven, Clinically-Relevant Pass/fail Criteria for a DVH-Based IMRT Patient Specific QA Program. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hsiao J, Yuan TY, Tsai MS, Lu CY, Lin YC, Lee ML, Lin SW, Chang FC, Liu Pimentel H, Olive C, Coito C, Shen G, Young M, Thorne T, Lawrence M, Magistri M, Faghihi MA, Khorkova O, Wahlestedt C. Upregulation of Haploinsufficient Gene Expression in the Brain by Targeting a Long Non-coding RNA Improves Seizure Phenotype in a Model of Dravet Syndrome. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:257-277. [PMID: 27333023 PMCID: PMC4972487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a devastating genetic brain disorder caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN1A. There are currently no treatments, but the upregulation of SCN1A healthy allele represents an appealing therapeutic strategy. In this study we identified a novel, evolutionary conserved mechanism controlling the expression of SCN1A that is mediated by an antisense non-coding RNA (SCN1ANAT). Using oligonucleotide-based compounds (AntagoNATs) targeting SCN1ANAT we were able to induce specific upregulation of SCN1A both in vitro and in vivo, in the brain of Dravet knock-in mouse model and a non-human primate. AntagoNAT-mediated upregulation of Scn1a in postnatal Dravet mice led to significant improvements in seizure phenotype and excitability of hippocampal interneurons. These results further elucidate the pathophysiology of Dravet syndrome and outline a possible new approach for the treatment of this and other genetic disorders with similar etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hsiao
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - T Y Yuan
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M S Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lin
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M L Lee
- Dep. Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S W Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - F C Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H Liu Pimentel
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - C Olive
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - C Coito
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - G Shen
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M Young
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - T Thorne
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M Lawrence
- RxGen, 100 Deepwood Drive, Hamden, CT 06517, USA
| | - M Magistri
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - M A Faghihi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - O Khorkova
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - C Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami 33136, FL, USA.
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Lawrence M, Ball D. Death of the anaesthetic room IV. Anaesthesia 2015; 70:886-7. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lawrence
- Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary; Dumfries UK
| | - D. Ball
- Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary; Dumfries UK
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McGurk R, Schreiber E, Das S, Zagar T, Green R, Lawrence M, Sheikh A, McCartney W, Rivera P, Marks L. TU-G-BRA-01: Assessing Radiation-Induced Reductions in Regional Lung Perfusion Following Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Cogle C, Kurtin S, Bentley T, Broder M, Chang E, Lawrence M, McKearn T, Megaffin S, Petrone M. 76 POPULATION INCIDENCE OF MDS FOLLOWING HYPOMETHYLATING AGENT (HMA) TREATMENT FAILURE: ANALYSIS OF US COMMERCIAL CLAIMS DATA. Leuk Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(15)30077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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De Pasquale C, Dixon D, Crouch G, Lawrence M, Bihari S, Bersten A. Lung surfactant in chronic heart failure patients. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lawrence
- Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary; Dumfries UK
| | - D. Ball
- Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary; Dumfries UK
| | - A. Braga
- Bristol Royal Infirmary; Bristol UK
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Chatt C, Gajraj R, Hawker J, Neal K, Tahir M, Lawrence M, Gray SJ, Lucidarme J, Carr AD, Clark SA, Fowler T. Four-month outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease caused by a rare serogroup B strain, identified through the use of molecular PorA subtyping, England, 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25394258 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.44.20949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular PorA subtyping provides information that increasingly requires the adaptation of standard public health approaches to outbreak management. We report an outbreak of a rare subtype of meningococcal infection not previously identified in the United Kingdom (UK). The outbreak occurred in the Warwickshire area in England between February and June 2013. Molecular subtyping allowed the identification of additional cases, prompting an enhanced public health response that included efforts to identify potential social networks that might benefit from chemoprophylaxis. It also prompted swabbing to define nasopharyngeal carriage in the focal nursery and helped explain the unusual epidemiological pattern. Without subtyping to identify a link, the additional cases would have been managed as sporadic cases in accordance with current UK guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chatt
- West Midlands East Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Zhao J, Ling L, Yorke E, Milano M, Liu W, Kavanagh B, Li A, Andy J, Lawrence M, Miften M, Rimner A, Timothy S, Xue J, Grimm J, Kong F. Simple Clinical Factors Associated With Radiation-Induced Lung Toxicity After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 70 Studies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kanak M, Kunnathodi F, Borenstein N, SoRelle J, Shahbazov R, Takita M, Levy M, Naziruddin B, Lawrence M. Targeting NFκB and MAP Kinases in Pancreatic Beta Cells to Suppress Islet Inflammation By Withaferin A. Transplantation 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201407151-01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bierman B, Treynor C, O’Donnell J, Lawrence M, Chandra M, Farver A, von Behrens P, Lindsay W. Performance of an Enclosed Trough EOR System in South Oman. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wilczynska M, Lewis KE, Williams PR, Lawrence M, Hawkins K, Stanford S, Evans PA. P257 Sustained Aspirin effects on platelets function over 24 hours in patients with untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS). Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wilczynska M, Lewis KE, Stanford S, Lawrence M, Hawkins K, Williams PR, Evans PA. P256 Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome with continuous positive airways pressure alters haemostasis: further data on the use of fractal analysis to measure microstructure of incipient clot. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rayner M, Wood A, Lawrence M, Mhurchu CN, Albert J, Barquera S, Friel S, Hawkes C, Kelly B, Kumanyika S, L'abbé M, Lee A, Lobstein T, Ma J, Macmullan J, Mohan S, Monteiro C, Neal B, Sacks G, Sanders D, Snowdon W, Swinburn B, Vandevijvere S, Walker C. Monitoring the health-related labelling of foods and non-alcoholic beverages in retail settings. Obes Rev 2013; 14 Suppl 1:70-81. [PMID: 24074212 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food labelling on food packaging has the potential to have both positive and negative effects on diets. Monitoring different aspects of food labelling would help to identify priority policy options to help people make healthier food choices. A taxonomy of the elements of health-related food labelling is proposed. A systematic review of studies that assessed the nature and extent of health-related food labelling has been conducted to identify approaches to monitoring food labelling. A step-wise approach has been developed for independently assessing the nature and extent of health-related food labelling in different countries and over time. Procedures for sampling the food supply, and collecting and analysing data are proposed, as well as quantifiable measurement indicators and benchmarks for health-related food labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rayner
- British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lawrence M, KuKanich K, KuKanich B, Heinrich E, Coetzee J, Grauer G, Narayanan S. Effect of cefovecin on the fecal flora of healthy dogs. Vet J 2013; 198:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tang X, Cullip T, Dooley J, Zhu X, Lian J, Lawrence M, Zagar T, Jones E, Marks L, Chang S. SU-E-J-222: An Analysis of the Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) Treatment Delivery Uncertainties. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chang S, Lawrence M, Cullip T, Wang S, Fried D. SU-E-T-166: Clinical Impact of Minor Errors Discovered in Conventional IMRT QA On Patient Treatment. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Diot Q, Bentzen S, Palma D, Marks L, Senan S, Kavanagh B, Miften M, Lawrence M. TH-A-WAB-11: A Novel Method to Determine Alpha/beta for Irradiated Normal Lung Tissue Using Computed Tomography Scans. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kerr S, Lawrence M, Darbyshire C, Middleton AR, Fitzsimmons L. Tobacco and alcohol-related interventions for people with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of the literature. J Intellect Disabil Res 2013; 57:393-408. [PMID: 22458301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The behavioural determinants of health among people with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities (ID) are of increasing concern. With the closure of long-stay institutions, more people with ID are living in the community. As they lead more ordinary and less restricted lives, people with ID may be exposed to social and environmental pressures that encourage them to adopt behaviours that impact negatively on their health. Levels of smoking and alcohol consumption in this client group are of particular concern. METHODS We undertook a mixed method review of the literature, aiming to assess the Feasibility, Appropriateness, Meaningfulness and Effectiveness (FAME) of interventions designed to address the use of tobacco and/or alcohol in people with mild/moderate ID. Key electronic databases were searched (e.g., Medline, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO) from 1996 to 2011. The search was developed using appropriate subject headings and key words (e.g., intellectual disability, tobacco use, alcohol drinking, health promotion). On completion of the database searches, inclusion/exclusion criteria, based on an adaptation of the PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes), were applied. Methodological quality was assessed using a seven-point rating scale. RESULTS Database searches identified 501 unique records, of which nine satisfied the inclusion criteria. Four focused on tobacco, three on alcohol and two on both tobacco and alcohol. Located in the U.K., the U.S.A. and Australia, the studies aimed to increase knowledge levels and/or change behaviour (e.g., to encourage smoking cessation). One was a randomised controlled trial, one a quasi-experiment and the others were before and after studies and/or case studies. Methodological quality was poor or moderate. The combined studies had a sample size of 341, with ages ranging from 14 to 54 years. The interventions were delivered by professionals (e.g., in health, social care, education) during sessions that spanned a period of three weeks to one academic year. The studies highlighted a number of important issues linked to the appropriateness of interventions for this client group (e.g., use of pictures, quizzes, role play, incentives); however, in the majority of cases the interventions appeared to lack a theoretical framework (e.g., behaviour change theory). The appropriateness of the outcome measures for use with this client group was not tested. One study discussed feasibility (teachers delivering lessons on alcohol and tobacco) and only one was informative in terms of effectiveness, i.e., increasing knowledge of the health and social dangers of smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS This review is the first to systematically collate evidence on tobacco and alcohol-related interventions for people with ID. While there is currently little evidence to guide practice, the review delivers clear insights for the development of interventions and presents a strong case for more robust research methods. In particular there is a need to test the effectiveness of interventions in large-scale, well-designed trials and to ensure that outcome measures are developed/tailored appropriately for this client group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kerr
- Institute for Applied Health Research/School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
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