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Afzan A, Lee JC, Adam Z, Mustafa Khalid N, Gunasegavan RDN, Md Noh MF, Wasiman MI. Mirror, mirror on the wall, which phytochemicals in Clinacanthus nutans inhibits advanced glycation end products of them all? Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105958. [PMID: 38604262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In our quest to discover advanced glycation end products (AGEs) inhibitors from Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau leaves, we conducted a bioactivity-based molecular networking. This approach integrates LC-MS2 profiling and in vitro antiglycation data to predict bioactive compounds. We began by screening three extracts: 100% ethanol, 70% ethanol and 100% water alongside the in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolics content (TPC) and schaftoside content. Among these extracts, 100% ethanol extract exhibited the highest total AGEs inhibition effects (IC50 = 80.18 ± 11.6 μg/mL), DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 747.40 ± 10.30 μg/mL) and TPC (26.54 ± 2.09 μg GAE /mg extract). Intriguingly, 100% ethanol extract contained the lowest amount of schaftoside, suggesting the involvement of other phytochemicals in the antiglycation effects. The molecular networking and in silico structural annotations of 401 LC-MS features detected in the fractions from 100% ethanol extract predicted 21 bioactive compounds (p < 0.05, r > 0.90), including several C40 carotenoids, alkaloids containing tetrapyrrole structures and fatty acids. On the contrary, all phenolics showed weak correlations with antiglycation effects. These predictions were further validated in vitro, where carotenoid lutein showed half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 96 ± 8 μM and selected flavonoid-C-glycosides exhibited weaker inhibitions (IC50 between 568 and 1922 μM). Notably, lutein content was higher in freeze-dried leaves (12.42 ± 0.82 mg/100 g) than oven-dried, although the former was associated with elevated mercury levels. In summary, C. nutans exhibited potential antiglycation and antioxidant activity, and lutein was identified as the main bioactive principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adlin Afzan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1 Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - June Chelyn Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1 Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainah Adam
- Medical Technology Group, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Mustafa Khalid
- Nutrition, Metabolic & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1 Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rathi Devi Nair Gunasegavan
- Nutrition, Metabolic & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1 Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolic & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1 Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Isa Wasiman
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1 Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Susanti N, Mustika A, Khotib J. Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract reduces pancreatic β-cell apoptosis by inhibiting JNK activation and modulating oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Open Vet J 2024; 14:730-737. [PMID: 38549571 PMCID: PMC10970118 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells provides promising strategies for preventing and treating diabetes. Clinacanthus nutans leaves possess bioactive constituents with potential antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Aim This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which C. nutans extract protects pancreatic β-cells from apoptotic damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg STZ, followed by 28 days of treatment with C. nutans leaf extract and Glibenclamide as the standard drug. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected to measure glucose levels, oxidative stress markers, and inflammation. Pancreatic tissue was stained immunohistochemically to detect c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Caspase-3 expression. Results The administration of C. nutans leaf extract to diabetic rats significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, while concurrently enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase. The immunohistochemical studies revealed a decrease in the expression of JNK and caspase-3 in the pancreatic islets of diabetic rats. Conclusion Clinacanthus nutans exhibits the potential to protect pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurlaili Susanti
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Arifa Mustika
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Sanneur K, Leksawasdi N, Sumonsiri N, Techapun C, Taesuwan S, Nunta R, Khemacheewakul J. Inhibitory Effects of Saponin-Rich Extracts from Pouteria cambodiana against Digestive Enzymes α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase. Foods 2023; 12:3738. [PMID: 37893631 PMCID: PMC10606392 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pouteria cambodiana is a perennial plant that has a wide distribution in tropical regions. It is commonly referred to as 'Nom-nang' in the northern region of Thailand. The bark of this plant has been used for the purpose of promoting lactation among breastfeeding mothers. Moreover, P. cambodiana bark has a high nutraceutical potential due to the presence of saponins, which are secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of saponins from the bark of P. cambodiana and to assess the in vitro inhibitory activities of saponin-rich extracts. The most effective extraction conditions involved a temperature of 50 °C and a 50% concentration level of ethanol as the solvent, which allowed the extraction of saponin at a concentration of 36.04 mg/g. Saponin-rich extracts and their hydrolysates from P. cambodiana bark were evaluated for their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. The IC50 values for saponin- and sapogenin-rich extracts inhibiting α-glucosidase were 0.10 and 2.98 mg/mL, respectively. Non-hydrolysed extracts also had a stronger inhibitory effect than acarbose. In the case of pancreatic lipase, only the hydrolysed extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase (IC50 of 7.60 mg/mL). Thus, P. cambodiana bark may be an applicable natural resource for preparing ingredients for functional products with inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. The phenolic contents, saponin contents, and antioxidant activities of the dried extract stored at a low temperature of 25 °C for 2 months showed the best stability, with more than 90% retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawisara Sanneur
- Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nutsuda Sumonsiri
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK;
| | - Charin Techapun
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
| | - Siraphat Taesuwan
- Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Rojarej Nunta
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang 52100, Thailand
| | - Julaluk Khemacheewakul
- Division of Food Science and Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.S.); (S.T.)
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (N.L.); (C.T.); (R.N.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Wang X, Xiu W, Han Y, Xie J, Zhang K, Zhou K, Ma Y. Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from sweet corncob that inhibits glycosylase in STZ-induced diabetic rats : Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:413-427. [PMID: 35386020 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we extracted a polysaccharide from sweet corncob and evaluated its hypoglycemic function. After collection in water, alcohol precipitation, and purification by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 columns, we obtained a polysaccharide (SCP50) that was composed primarily of mannose and glucose (9.73:190.27), with a molecular weight of 9280.33 Da. We demonstrated that SCP50 exhibited significant inhibition of α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 of 4.866 mg/mL, Km of 1.297 × 10-3, and Vmax of 0.076 mol/L·min-1 in vitro. We also observed that SCP50 markedly attenuated disaccharidase (maltase, sucrase, and lactase) activity in a rat model of T2DM. We conclude that SCP50 exerts a hypoglycemic effect via inhibition of intestinal glycosylase. These results thus provide new insight into the hypoglycemic action underlying sweet corncob polysaccharide's effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China.
| | - Weiye Xiu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ye Han
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Jingnan Xie
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Kechi Zhou
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cereal and Comprehensive Processing of Cereal Resources, School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China.
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PUTSON P, WANIKORN B, SAE-TAN S. Effects of age and food processing of sapodilla leaves for botanical beverage application. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.55022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chia TY, Gan CY, Murugaiyah V, Hashmi SF, Fatima T, Ibrahim L, Abdulla MH, Alswailmi FK, Johns EJ, Ahmad A. A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentials of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaves as an Alternative Source of Future Medicine. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010139. [PMID: 35011371 PMCID: PMC8746928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of natural products and supplements has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), which is affiliated to the Acanthaceae family, has recently caught the interest of researchers from the countries of subtropical Asia due to its medicinal uses in alternative treatment for skin infection conditions due to insect bites, microorganism infections and cancer, as well as for health well-being. A number of bioactive compounds from this plant's extract, namely phenolic compounds, sulphur containing compounds, sulphur containing glycosides compounds, terpens-tripenoids, terpens-phytosterols and chlorophyll-related compounds possess high antioxidant activities. This literature search yielded about one hundred articles which were then further documented, including the valuable data and findings obtained from all accessible electronic searches and library databases. The promising pharmacological activities from C. nutans leaves extract, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-venom, analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties were meticulously dissected. Moreover, the authors also discuss a few of the pharmacological aspect of C. nutans leaves extracts against anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxation and renoprotective activities, which are seldom available from the previously discussed review papers. From the aspect of toxicological studies, controversial findings have been reported in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Thus, further investigations on their phytochemical compounds and their mode of action showing pharmacological activities are required to fully grasp both traditional usage and their suitability for future drugs development. Data related to therapeutic activity and the constituents of C. nutans leaves were searched by using the search engines Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, and accepting literature reported between 2010 to present. On the whole, this review paper compiles all the available contemporary data from this subtropical herb on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities with a view towards garnering further interest in exploring its use in cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yong Chia
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Chee Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (C.Y.G.); (A.A.); Tel.: +966-504309874 (A.A.)
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Syed F. Hashmi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Green House Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
| | - Tabinda Fatima
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (T.F.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Lazhari Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13275, Libya;
| | - Mohammed H. Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (M.H.A.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Farhan Khashim Alswailmi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (T.F.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Edward James Johns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (M.H.A.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (T.F.); (F.K.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.G.); (A.A.); Tel.: +966-504309874 (A.A.)
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Application of TLC and UHPLC–QTOF–MS for the identification of aqueous two-phase extracted UV–fluorescent metabolites from Solanum retroflexum. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-021-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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GC-MS- and NMR-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Reveal the Potential Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Psychotria malayana Jack Leaves. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100978. [PMID: 34681203 PMCID: PMC8541227 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotria malayana Jack leaf, known in Indonesia as “daun salung”, is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Despite its potential, the phytochemical study related to its anti-diabetic activity is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to identify putative inhibitors of α-glucosidase, a prominent enzyme contributing to diabetes type 2 in P. malayana leaf extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics, and to investigate the molecular interaction between those inhibitors and the enzyme through in silico approach. Twenty samples were extracted with different solvent ratios of methanol–water (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v). All extracts were tested on the alpha-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) assay and analyzed using GC-MS and NMR. Multivariate data analysis through a partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal partial square (OPLS) models were developed in order to correlate the metabolite profile and the bioactivity leading to the annotation of the putative bioactive compounds in the plant extracts. A total of ten putative bioactive compounds were identified and some of them reported in this plant for the first time, namely 1,3,5-benzenetriol (1); palmitic acid (2); cholesta-7,9(11)-diene-3-ol (3); 1-monopalmitin (4); β-tocopherol (5); α-tocopherol (6); 24-epicampesterol (7); stigmast-5-ene (8); 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (10); and glutamine (11). For the evaluation of the potential binding modes between the inhibitors and protein, the in silico study via molecular docking was performed where the crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A) was used. Ten amino acid residues, namely ASP352, HIE351, GLN182, ARG442, ASH215, SER311, ARG213, GLH277, GLN279, and PRO312 established hydrogen bond in the docked complex, as well as hydrophobic interaction of other amino acid residues with the putative compounds. The α-glucosidase inhibitors showed moderate to high binding affinities (−5.5 to −9.4 kcal/mol) towards the active site of the enzymatic protein, where compounds 3, 5, and 8 showed higher binding affinity compared to both quercetin and control ligand.
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Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase Inhibition and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profile of Shmar ( Arbutus pavarii Pamp). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081659. [PMID: 34451703 PMCID: PMC8398081 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Arbutus (Ericaceae) has been traditionally used in folk medicine due to its phytomedicinal properties, especially Arbutus pavarii Pamp. However, this plant has not been evaluated for its efficacy, quality, and consistency to support the traditional uses, potentially in treating diabetes. Despite previous studies that revealed the biological activities of A. pavarii as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory agents, scientific reports on the bioactive compounds that contribute to its health benefits are still scarce. Therefore, this research focused on the evaluation of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the methanol crude extracts and various fractions of the leaf and stem bark, as well as on metabolite profiling of the methanol crude extracts. The extracts and fractions were evaluated for total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, as well as the DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Methanol crude extracts of the leaf and stem bark were then subjected to UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. To the best of our knowledge, the comparative evaluation of the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the leaf and stem bark of A. pavarii, as well as of the respective solvent fractions, is reported herein for the first time. Out of these extracts, the methanolic crude extracts and polar fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol fractions) showed significant bioactivities. The DPPH free radical and α-glucosidase inhibitions was highest in the leaf ethyl acetate fraction, with IC50 of 6.39 and 4.93 µg/mL, respectively, while the leaf methanol crude extract and butanol fraction exhibited the highest FRAP with 82.95 and 82.17 mmol Fe (II)/g extract. The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis resulted in the putative identification of a total of 76 compounds from the leaf and stem bark, comprising a large proportion of plant phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids), terpenoids, and fatty acid derivatives. Results from the present study showed that the different parts of A. pavarii had potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which could potentially prevent oxidative damage or diabetes-related problems. These findings may strengthen the traditional claim on the medicinal value of A. pavarii.
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Zabidi NA, Ishak NA, Hamid M, Ashari SE, Mohammad Latif MA. Inhibitory evaluation of Curculigo latifolia on α-glucosidase, DPP (IV) and in vitro studies in antidiabetic with molecular docking relevance to type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:109-121. [PMID: 33249946 PMCID: PMC7717572 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1844680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of α-glucosidase and DPP enzymes capable of effectively reducing blood glucose level in the management of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the inhibitory potential of α-glucosidase and DPP (IV) activity including with the 2-NBDG uptake assay and insulin secretion activities through in vitro studies. The selected of active compounds obtained from the screening of compounds by LC-MS were docked with the targeted enzyme that involved in the mechanism of T2DM. From the results, root extracts displayed a better promising outcome in α-glucosidase (IC50 2.72 ± 0.32) as compared with the fruit extracts (IC50 3.87 ± 0.32). Besides, root extracts also displayed a better activity in the inhibition of DPP (IV), enhance insulin secretion and glucose uptake activity. Molecular docking results revealing that phlorizin binds strongly with α-glucosidase, DPP (IV) and Insulin receptor (IR) enzymes with achieving the lowest binding energy value. The present work suggests several of the compounds have the potential that contribute towards inhibiting α-glucosidase and DPP (IV) and thus effective in lowering post-prandial hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Athirah Zabidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Akmal Ishak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Integrated Chemical Biophysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Alif Mohammad Latif
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Integrated Chemical Biophysics Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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The development of callus and cell suspension cultures of Sabah Snake Grass (Clinacanthus nutans) for the production of flavonoids and phenolics. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Chaiklahan R, Srinorasing T, Chirasuwan N, Tamtin M, Bunnag B. The potential of polysaccharide extracts from Caulerpa lentillifera waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1021-1028. [PMID: 32553952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caulerpa is a marine macroalgae and is rich in polysaccharides, which have the potential for immunostimulatory and anticoagulant activity. The objective of this work was to increase the value of C. lentillifera waste by polysaccharide extraction. A polysaccharide yield of about 25% of dry weight was obtained under the following optimized conditions: two-stage extraction (60 min/stage) using a ratio of 1:15 (w/v) at 90 °C, and 2× precipitation by the final concentration of 75% ethanol. The polysaccharide extracts contained a non-reducing sugar that accounted for 44% of weight extracts as a major sugar and consisted of four neutral sugars: mannose (33.3%), galactose (31.9%,), glucose (27.0%) and xylose (7.6%). In addition, it contained sulfate, which is approximately 8.37% of weight extracts and had a phenolic content of around 1.27 mg GAE/g sample. Moreover, it demonstrated α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 13.59 mg/mL. This result suggests that the polysaccharide extracts could potentially be used for preventing diabetes disease. The economic analysis also showed an economic feasibility for producing polysaccharide extracts from C. lentillifera waste. This is an alternative for farmers in order to increase the value of C. lentillifera waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Chaiklahan
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Thanyarat Srinorasing
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Chirasuwan
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Montakan Tamtin
- Phetchaburi Coastal Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Laem Pakbia, Baan Laem, Phetchaburi 76100, Thailand
| | - Boosya Bunnag
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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Nipun TS, Khatib A, Ahmed QU, Redzwan IE, Ibrahim Z, Khan AYF, Primaharinastiti R, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf: A Rapid Analysis Using Infrared Fingerprinting. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184161. [PMID: 32932994 PMCID: PMC7570612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Psychotria malayana Jack belongs to the Rubiaceae family and is known in Malaysia as “meroyan sakat/salung”. A rapid analytical technique to facilitate the evaluation of the P. malayana leaves’ quality has not been well-established yet. This work aimed therefore to develop a validated analytical technique in order to predict the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory action (AGI) of P. malayana leaves, applying a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprint and utilizing an orthogonal partial least square (OPLS). The dried leaf extracts were prepared by sonication of different ratios of methanol-water solvent (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v) prior to the assessment of alpha-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) and the following infrared spectroscopy. The correlation between the biological activity and the spectral data was evaluated using multivariate data analysis (MVDA). The 100% methanol extract possessed the highest inhibitory activity against the alpha-glucosidase (IC50 2.83 ± 0.32 μg/mL). Different bioactive functional groups, including hydroxyl (O-H), alkenyl (C=C), methylene (C-H), carbonyl (C=O), and secondary amine (N-H) groups, were detected by the multivariate analysis. These functional groups actively induced the alpha-glucosidase inhibition effect. This finding demonstrated the spectrum profile of the FTIR for the natural herb P. malayana Jack, further confirming its medicinal value. The developed validated model can be used to predict the AGI of P. malayana, which will be useful as a tool in the plant’s quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzina Sharmin Nipun
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.); (Z.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.); (Z.I.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (R.P.); (S.A.M.K.)
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.); (Z.I.)
| | - Irna Elina Redzwan
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.); (Z.I.)
| | - Zalikha Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.); (Z.I.)
| | - Al’aina Yuhainis Firus Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia;
| | - Riesta Primaharinastiti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (R.P.); (S.A.M.K.)
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (R.P.); (S.A.M.K.)
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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14
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Clinacanthus nutans Leaves Extract Reverts Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Rats by Improving Protein Expression of eNOS. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7572892. [PMID: 32879653 PMCID: PMC7448219 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7572892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction; it causes progressive vascular damage resulting from an impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In the diabetes state, presence of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance predisposes to endothelial dysfunction. Clinacanthus nutans, widely used as a traditional medicine for diabetes is reported to have hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the possibility of C. nutans affecting the vascular endothelial function in diabetes remains unclear. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of C. nutans methanolic leaves extract (CNME) on endothelial function in a type 2 diabetes (T2DM) rat model. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 12 per group): nondiabetic control, nondiabetic treated with four weeks of CNME (500 mg/kg/daily), untreated diabetic rats, diabetic treated with metformin (300 mg/kg/daily), and diabetic treated with CNME (500 mg/kg/daily). T2DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) to rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent relaxations and contractions of the thoracic aorta were determined using the organ bath. Aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was determined using Western blotting. Endothelial-dependent relaxation was reduced in diabetic rats. Both diabetic groups treated with CNME or metformin significantly improved the impairment in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation; this was associated with increased expression of aortic eNOS protein. CNME- and metformin-treated groups also reduced aortic endothelium-dependent and aortic endothelium-independent contractions in diabetics. Both of these diabetic-treated groups also reduced blood glucose levels and increased body weight compared to the untreated diabetic group. In conclusion, C. nutans improves endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and reduces endothelial-dependent contraction, thus ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. This may occur due to its effect on increasing eNOS protein expression.
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15
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Ribaudo G, Bortoli M, Pavan C, Zagotto G, Orian L. Antioxidant Potential of Psychotropic Drugs: From Clinical Evidence to In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment and toward a New Challenge for in Silico Molecular Design. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E714. [PMID: 32781750 PMCID: PMC7465375 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to high oxygen consumption, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which is considered an important element in the etiopathogenesis of several mental disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and dependencies. Despite the fact that it is not established yet whether oxidative stress is a cause or a consequence of clinic manifestations, the intake of antioxidant supplements in combination with the psychotropic therapy constitutes a valuable solution in patients' treatment. Anyway, some drugs possess antioxidant capacity themselves and this aspect is discussed in this review, focusing on antipsychotics and antidepressants. In the context of a collection of clinical observations, in vitro and in vivo results are critically reported, often highlighting controversial aspects. Finally, a new challenge is discussed, i.e., the possibility of assessing in silico the antioxidant potential of these drugs, exploiting computational chemistry methodologies and machine learning. Despite the physiological environment being incredibly complex and the detection of meaningful oxidative stress biomarkers being all but an easy task, a rigorous and systematic analysis of the structural and reactivity properties of antioxidant drugs seems to be a promising route to better interpret therapeutic outcomes and provide elements for the rational design of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pavan
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Chanda J, Mukherjee PK, Kar A, Maitra PK, Singha S, Halder PK, Gajbhiye R, Vishnuvardh R. LC-QTOF-MS-based metabolite profiling and evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory kinetics of Coccinia grandis fruit. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4950. [PMID: 32678956 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coccinia grandis is an important food crop of the Cucurbitaceae family, widely used for culinary purposes in India. It is reported to possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. The current study was aimed to explore the inhibition kinetics as well as major constituents of the active fraction of C. grandis against α-glucosidase. The kinetic study was performed through spectrophotometric assay, with p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside as a substrate with varying concentrations. An in vitro antioxidant study was performed by DPPH assay. In addition, UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis was carried out for metabolite profiling of the bioactive fraction of C. grandis. The results showed that the difference between the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. grandis (EFCG) (IC50 2.43 ± 0.27 mg/ml), and standard inhibitor, acarbose (2.08 ± 0.19 mg/ml), was not statistically significant at a P-value of 0.05. The enzyme kinetics confirmed the inhibition mode in a mixed manner. The EFCG also showed the highest antioxidant activity (101.74 ± 1.95 μg/ml) among all of the fractions. A significant correlation between antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of EFCG was observed. The LC-QTOF-MS study of the EFCG putatively identified 35 metabolites, which may be responsible for its antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. Thus, C. grandis fruits can serve as a functional food to address diabetes-related disorders associated with α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Chanda
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Pulok K Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.,Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Imphal, India
| | - Amit Kar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasanta Kr Maitra
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Pallab Kanti Halder
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rahul Gajbhiye
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
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Mugaranja KP, Kulal A. Alpha glucosidase inhibition activity of phenolic fraction from Simarouba glauca: An in-vitro, in-silico and kinetic study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04392. [PMID: 32671273 PMCID: PMC7350133 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A phenolic rich fraction purified from Simarouba glauca leaves was effective in alpha glucosidase inhibition. The purified fraction named 'fraction-14' had shown significant inhibition of yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme activity (IC50 = 2.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL) when compared to anti-diabetic drug acarbose (IC50 = 2450 ± 24 μg/mL). The purified fraction also had reasonable DPPH (IC50 = 14.4 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 7.6 ± 0.5 μg/mL) free radical scavenging activity when compared to the standard ascorbic acid. The LC-MS analysis of bioactive 'fraction-14' revealed four compounds, eclalbasaponin-v (1), cyanidin-3-O-(2'galloyl)-galactoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (3) and kaempferol-3-O-pentoside (4) for the first time in S. glauca in this study. The kinetic study of the 'fraction-14' indicates a mixed type of inhibition on the alpha glucosidase enzyme with K i , 6.2 μg/mL. Docking studies showed promising binding energy for the compounds 2 (-7.769 kJ/mol), 3 (-7.04 kJ/mol) and 4 (-7.127 kJ/mol) against yeast alpha glucosidase which was better than acarbose (-6.867 kJ/mol). In conclusion, the phenolic rich fraction from S. glauca possessing good in-vitro antioxidant property and alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibition potential along with mixed inhibition kinetics. Also, better binding energy of compounds (1, 2 & 3) appears to contain potential lead-molecule for antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirana P. Mugaranja
- Biological Sciences Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bidalur Post, Devanahalli, Bangalore Rural, 562110, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ananda Kulal
- Biological Sciences Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, Bidalur Post, Devanahalli, Bangalore Rural, 562110, India
- Corresponding author.
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18
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Antioxidant Effects, Antiproliferative Effects, and Molecular Docking of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092067. [PMID: 32365508 PMCID: PMC7249086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans is a well-known herb that has been used as an alternative and therapeutic medicine, however more selective C. nutans extracts are needed. In this study, leaves were extracted with 80% methanol and further fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, n-butanol, and aqueous residue. Subsequently, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant scavenging activity, and antiproliferative effects on breast cancer (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF7]) and normal breast (Michigan Cancer Foundation-10A [MCF 10A]) cells of the extracts were measured. Additionally, molecular docking simulation of the major compounds from C. nutans extracts was conducted. The aqueous residue had the highest TPC and TFC, whereas the crude extract had the highest scavenging activity. Among the extracts, dichloromethane extract (CN-Dcm) was selected as it had the highest selectivity index (SI) (1.48). Then, the chosen extract (CN-Dcm) was proceed for further analysis. The compounds from CN-Dcm were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major compounds from CN-Dcm were further investigated through molecular docking studies. Palmitic acid and linolenyl alcohol were the compounds found in the CN-Dcm extract that exhibited the highest binding affinities with p53-binding protein Mdm-2. These results highlight the potential of C. nutans as a source of anticancer activities.
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Investigation of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Metabolites from Tetracera scandens Leaves by GC-MS Metabolite Profiling and Docking Studies. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020287. [PMID: 32059529 PMCID: PMC7072363 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stone leaf (Tetracera scandens) is a Southeast Asian medicinal plant that has been traditionally used for the management of diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms of the antidiabetic activity have not been fully explored yet. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the hydromethanolic extracts of T. scandens leaves and to characterize the metabolites responsible for such activity through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. Crude hydromethanolic extracts of different strengths were prepared and in vitro assayed for α-glucosidase inhibition. GC-MS analysis was further carried out and the mass spectral data were correlated to the corresponding α-glucosidase inhibitory IC50 values via an orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model. The 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% methanol extracts displayed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials. Moreover, the established model identified 16 metabolites to be responsible for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of T. scandens. The putative α-glucosidase inhibitory metabolites showed moderate to high affinities (binding energies of -5.9 to -9.8 kcal/mol) upon docking into the active site of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase. To sum up, an OPLS model was developed as a rapid method to characterize the α-glucosidase inhibitory metabolites existing in the hydromethanolic extracts of T. scandens leaves based on GC-MS metabolite profiling.
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20
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Azemi AK, Mokhtar SS, Rasool AHG. Clinacanthus nutans: Its potential against diabetic vascular diseases. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000118838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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21
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Siew YY, Yew HC, Neo SY, Seow SV, Lew SM, Lim SW, Lim CSES, Ng YC, Seetoh WG, Ali A, Tan CH, Koh HL. Evaluation of anti-proliferative activity of medicinal plants used in Asian Traditional Medicine to treat cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:75-87. [PMID: 30599223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The extensive biodiversity of plants in Southeast Asia and inadequate research hitherto warrant a continued investigation into medicinal plants. On the basis of a careful review of fresh medicinal plant usage to treat cancer from previous ethnobotanical interviews in Singapore and from the traditional uses of the indigenous plants, fresh leaves of seven locally grown medicinal plant species were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of local medicinal plant species Clausena lansium Skeels, Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr., Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC., Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume, Vernonia amygdalina Delile and Vitex trifolia L. MATERIALS AND METHOD Fresh, healthy and mature leaves of the seven medicinal plants were harvested from various locations in Singapore and Malaysia for Soxhlet, ultrasonication and maceration extractions in three different solvents (water, ethanol and methanol). Cell proliferation assay using water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was performed on twelve human cancer cell lines derived from breast (MDA-MB-231, T47D), cervical (C33A), colon (HCT116), leukemia (U937), liver (HepG2, SNU-182, SNU-449), ovarian (OVCAR-5, PA-1, SK-OV-3) and uterine (MES-SA/DX5) cancer. RESULTS A total of 37 fresh leaf extracts from seven medicinal plants were evaluated for their anti-tumour activities in twelve human cancer cell lines. Of these, the extracts of C. lansium, L. indica, P. bleo, S. crispus, V. amygdalina and V. trifolia exhibited promising anti-proliferative activity against multiple cancer cell lines. Further investigation of selected promising leaf extracts indicated that maceration methanolic extract of L. indica was most effective overall against majority of the cancer cell lines, with best IC50 values of 31.5 ± 11.4 µg/mL, 37.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL and 43.0 ± 6.2 µg/mL in cervical C33A, liver SNU-449, and ovarian PA-1 cancer cell lines, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide new scientific evidence for the traditional use of local medicinal plant species C. lansium, L . indica, P. bleo, S. crispus, V. amygdalina and V. trifolia in cancer treatment. These results highlight the importance of the upkeep of these indigenous plants in modern society and their relevance as resources for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Siew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hui-Chuing Yew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Soek-Ying Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - See-Voon Seow
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Affiliated National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Si-Min Lew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Shun-Wei Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Claire Sophie En-Shen Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Yi-Cheng Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Guang Seetoh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Azhar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 16 Medical Drive, Block MD3, #04-01S, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Hwee-Ling Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Barut B, Barut EN, Engin S, Özel A, Sezen FS. Investigation of the Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Anti-inflammatory, and DNA Protective Properties of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. Turk J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:175-183. [PMID: 32454711 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.28247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The scope of this study was to investigate the total phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid contents and the biological properties of ethanol extract (EE), methanol extract (ME), and aqueous extract (AE) from Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. Materials and Methods EE, ME, and AE of V. arctostaphylos were prepared. Various biological activities such as total phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ferrous ion-chelating, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays), α-glucosidase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and DNA protective properties of these extracts were studied. Results EE exhibited the highest total phenolic, anthocyanin, and flavonoid contents with 44.42±1.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, 8.46±0.49 mg/Cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents/g dry weight, and 9.22±0.92 mg quercetin equivalents/g dry weight, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extracts followed the order: EE>ME>AE. EE and ME inhibited α-glucosidase enzyme and their IC50 values were 0.301±0.002 mg/mL and 0.477±0.003 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, EE and ME were determined as noncompetitive inhibitors with inhibitory constant (Ki ) values of 0.48±0.02 mg/mL and 0.46±0.01 mg/mL, respectively. EE in 100 and 300 mg/kg doses caused a significant reduction in formalin-induced edema in mice, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of EE. In DNA protective studies, all of the extracts protected supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA against damage caused by Fenton's reagents due to their radical scavenging activities. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that EE of V. arctostaphylos L. had strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and DNA protective effects, suggesting that it might be an effective medical plant to prevent or treat diseases associated with oxidative damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Elif Nur Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seçkin Engin
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Feride Sena Sezen
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology Trabzon, Turkey
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Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Zengin G, Balabanova V, Voynikov Y, Lozanov V, Lazarova I, Gevrenova R. Chemical characterization with in vitro biological activities of Gypsophila species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:56-69. [PMID: 29625258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methanol-aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of Gypsophila glomerata (GGE), G. trichotoma (GTE) and G. perfoliata (GPE) were investigated for antioxidant potential using different in vitro models, as well as for phenolic and flavonoid contents. The possible anti-cholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase activities were also tested. The flavonoid variability was analyzed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Eleven C-glycosyl flavones and 4 O-glycosyl flavonoids, including 2"-O-pentosyl-6-C-hexosyl-apigenin/methylluteolin, as well as their mono(di)-acetyl derivatives were found in GGE. Both GGE and GTE shared 2"-pentosyl-6-C-hexosyl-luteolin together with the common saponarin, homoorientin, orientin, isovitexin and vitexin, while di C-glycosyl flavones were evidenced only in GPE. The highest radical scavenging in both ABTS and DPPH assays was noted in GPE, as well as ferric and cupric reducing abilities. However, GTE had the strongest metal chelating activity (17.44 ± 0.51 mg EDTAE/g extract). GPE and GGE were more potent as acetylcholinesterases inhibitors witnessed by 2.09 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g extract and 1.59 ± 0.09 mgGALAE/g extract, respectively. All flavonoids were found in G. glomerata for the first time. Therefore, further isolation and structural elucidation of newly described acetylated flavonoids are needed in order to determine their relevance in the beneficial properties of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Turkey
| | - Vessela Balabanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yulian Voynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valentin Lozanov
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Lazarova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
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Oxidative Stress Modulation and ROS-Mediated Toxicity in Cancer: A Review on In Vitro Models for Plant-Derived Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4586068. [PMID: 29204247 PMCID: PMC5674509 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4586068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are known and have been long in use for a variety of health and cosmetics applications. Potential pharmacological usages that take advantage of bioactive plant-derived compounds' antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties are being developed and many new ones explored. Some phytochemicals could trigger ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in cancer cells. A lot of effort has been put into investigating novel active constituents for cancer therapeutics. While other plant-derived compounds might enhance antioxidant defenses by either radical scavenging or stimulation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress is one of the strategies that may show effective in damaging cancer cells. The biochemical pathways involved in plant-derived bioactive compounds' properties are complex, and in vitro platforms have been useful for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of these potential anticancer drugs. The present review aims at compiling the findings of particularly interesting studies that use cancer cell line models for assessment of antioxidant and oxidative stress modulation properties of plant-derived bioactive compounds.
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