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Im H, George N, Swan LET. Gendered Health Outcome Among Somali Refugee Youth in Displacement: A Role of Social Support and Religious Belief. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:341-350. [PMID: 37733168 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the factors influencing physical health status, specifically focusing on the gender differences in risk and promotive factors affecting health outcomes among Somali refugee youth displaced in Nairobi, Kenya (n = 227). A survey was used to assess participants' physical health along with psychosocial factors, somatic symptoms, and demographic characteristics. The study shows that religious belief and somatic symptoms among the total sample were significant predictors in influencing the outcome of physical health. A moderated mediation analysis and logistic regression analyses also revealed gender differences in associated factors as well as health status; female participants reported higher somatic symptoms, associated with a decline in physical health, whereas the protective effect of social support and religious belief promote was found only among male counterparts. Future studies and interventions would be benefited from a gender-specific approach to health promotion and coping mechanisms in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Im
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Ave., 3rd Floor, Richmond, USA.
| | - Nicole George
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Ave., 3rd Floor, Richmond, USA
| | - Laura E T Swan
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
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Khalifeh R, D’Hoore W, Saliba C, Salameh P, Dauvrin M. Healthcare bias and health inequalities towards displaced Syrians in Lebanon: a qualitative study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1273916. [PMID: 38098832 PMCID: PMC10720425 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1273916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction According to Lebanese official data, Lebanon hosts over 1.5 million displaced Syrians (DS). Research shows that migrants encounter barriers when accessing healthcare. The social determinants of health (SDOH) related to migration are an additional challenge for DS in Lebanon, though bias plays a significant factor in exacerbating health inequalities. This study aims to identify DS perception of healthcare biases in the Lebanese healthcare system, and its consequences on DS' accessing and receiving quality healthcare in Lebanon. Methods A qualitative analysis using in-depth, semi-structured interviews was utilized. 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted with doctors (n = 12) and nurses (n = 16) in 2021. Six group interviews were conducted with DS (n = 22) in Lebanese healthcare facilities. The recruitment of participants relied on reasoned and targeted sampling. Thematic analysis was performed to identify common themes in participants' experiences with DS accessing Lebanese healthcare. Results The findings indicated that there were barriers to accessing healthcare related to the SDOH, such as transportation and financial resources. The results also suggested that DS perceived health biases, including discriminatory behavior from Lebanese healthcare providers, stereotypes and racism leading to health inequalities. Conclusion Based on the perceptions and experiences reported by participants, the underlying causes of biases are due to the fragility of the Lebanese healthcare system when facing a humanitarian crisis as well as a collapsing infrastructure torn by past wars and the current socio-political and financial crises in the country. Global initiatives are required to provide the necessary resources needed for offering equitable health services. Such initiatives involve addressing biases, health inequities, discrimination, and the lack of a Lebanese infrastructure system for the provision of healthcare. Addressing health inequalities remains a major health objective in achieving health equity on the micro level (cultural awareness and competencies) and macro level (equitable distribution of resources, implementation of a universal health coverage) in order to guarantee quality healthcare services to DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwa Khalifeh
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Legal Way for Advocacy and Research, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - William D’Hoore
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiane Saliba
- Faculty of Public Health—Section 2 (CERIPH), Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT LB), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Marie Dauvrin
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Center, KCE, Brussels, Belgium
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Pattillo M, Stieglitz S, Angoumis K, Gottlieb N. Racism against racialized migrants in healthcare in Europe: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 37770879 PMCID: PMC10540333 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racism is frequently mentioned as a social determinant of migrants' health and a barrier to health services. However, in the European context, racism and its impact on racialized migrants' access to healthcare is remarkably under-researched. This scoping review makes a first step toward filling this void by mapping the existing literature on racial and ethnic discrimination against racialized migrants in healthcare in Europe, identifying evidence gaps, and offering recommendations for future research on this topic. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, four databases were searched for empirical studies published in English between 1992 and 2022. Studies were included if they report findings on manifestations, experiences and/or impacts of racial or ethnic discrimination against racialized migrants in a healthcare setting in a European country. They were summarized by study characteristics (geographical scope, study design, research question and measures) and research findings were synthesized. RESULTS Out of 2365 initial hits, 1724 records were included in the title/abstract-screening, 87 records in the full text-screening, and 38 records in the data extraction. For many country and healthcare contexts, evidence on racism in healthcare is lacking. Most studies apply an explorative qualitative research design; comparability and generalizability of research results are low. Our analysis furthermore shows a near-exclusive research focus on racism on the interpersonal level as compared to institutional and structural levels. Our synthesis of study results identifies three interrelated ways in which racism manifests in and impacts migrants' healthcare: 1) general anti-migration bias, 2) health- and healthcare-related prejudice, and 3) differential medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our review underscores how racism reinforces inequities in healthcare access and quality for racialized migrants. It also highlights the need for more research on racism in Europe across a greater scope of country contexts, healthcare settings and migrant/racialized categories in order to understand specific forms of racism and capture race as a context-contingent social construct. It is critical that future research includes the consideration of individual-level racism as embedded in racism on institutional and structural levels. Methods and insights from other disciplines may help to critically examine concepts in light of underlying historical, sociopolitical and socioeconomic processes and structures, and to improve methods for researching racialization and racism in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Pattillo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sigsten Stieglitz
- Bielefeld School of Public Health, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Angoumis
- Bielefeld School of Public Health, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nora Gottlieb
- Bielefeld School of Public Health, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Marchetti F, Preziosi J, Zambri F, Tambascia G, Di Nolfi A, Scardetta P, Splendore F, Colaceci S, Coia M, Caredda E, Masi L, De Luca V, Perra A, Giusti A. Health needs and perception of health care quality among Asylum Seekers and Refugees in an Italian local health authority: A qualitative study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1125125. [PMID: 37124798 PMCID: PMC10130403 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migrants, Asylum Seekers and Refugees (ASRs) represent a vulnerable diversified population with increased risks of developing health problems, and in the hosting countries several barriers often hamper their access to the health services. Gathering information about ASRs' experiences and perceptions of host country health care systems may contribute to improve the quality of health care provided. The aim of this study was to explore the health needs in their bio-psycho-social meaning, and the quality of health care as perceived from the ASRs' perspective. Methods The qualitative descriptive study was conducted as part of the Project "G-START - testing a governance model of receiving and taking care of the Asylum Seekers and Refugees." Through purposeful and snowball sampling, four Focus Groups conducted in English, Italian and French were carried out between July and August 2019, involving 50 ASRs hosted by four reception centers located on the territory pertaining to an Italian Local Health Authority covering a general population of 500.000 people. The analysis of data was categorical, and was performed using N-Vivo software. Results The macro-categories emerged were the ASRs' bio-psycho-social health needs, including mental health, sexual and reproductive health, food and nutrition, knowledge of the health care system, need for inclusion; healthcare services access, including barriers before and after the access and the ability of the local health system to respond to existing and evolving demands; strengths of the healthcare and reception systems, and suggestions for improving them in the future. Discussion and conclusions ASRs present vulnerabilities and specific health needs, and the health care system is not always able to guarantee access or to respond to these needs. Several obstacles have been highlighted, such as linguistic barriers and lack of cultural mediation, bureaucratic and administrative barriers, lack of knowledge of the Italian health care system. An effective reorganization of services driven by a more detailed output analysis of the target population needs, together with the use of cultural mediation, peer to peer education and support, and the training of health professionals are recommended to ensure a more accessible, equitable and effective health care system at local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marchetti
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Preziosi
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zambri
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tambascia
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annachiara Di Nolfi
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Scardetta
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Splendore
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Colaceci
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences (UniCamillus), Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Coia
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority “Roma 5”, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Caredda
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority “Roma 5”, Rome, Italy
- General Directorate for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Masi
- Maternal and Child Department, Local Health Authority “Roma 5”, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio De Luca
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Local Health Authority “Roma 5”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Perra
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority “Roma 5”, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Giusti
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
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Nowak AC, Namer Y, Hornberg C. Health Care for Refugees in Europe: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031278. [PMID: 35162300 PMCID: PMC8834962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Accessing and using health care in European countries pose major challenges for asylum seekers and refugees due to legal, linguistic, administrative, and knowledge barriers. This scoping review will systematically describe the literature regarding health care for asylum seekers and refugees in high-income European countries, and the experiences that they have in accessing and using health care. Methods: Three databases in the field of public health were systematically searched, from which 1665 studies were selected for title and abstract screening, and 69 full texts were screened for eligibility by the main author. Of these studies, 44 were included in this systematic review. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results: Barriers in access to health care are highly prevalent in refugee populations, and can lead to underusage, misuse of health care, and higher costs. The qualitative results suggest that too little attention is paid to the living situations of refugees. This is especially true in access to care, and in the doctor-patient interaction. This can lead to a gap between needs and care. Conclusions: Although the problems refugees and asylum seekers face in accessing health care in high-income European countries have long been documented, little has changed over time. Living conditions are a key determinant for accessing health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christina Nowak
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Yudit Namer
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Claudia Hornberg
- Department of Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Costa D, Biddle L, Bozorgmehr K. Association between psychosocial functioning, health status and healthcare access of asylum seekers and refugee children: a population-based cross-sectional study in a German federal state. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:59. [PMID: 34641919 PMCID: PMC8513294 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health condition and healthcare needs of asylum seeking and refugee (ASR) children may go unrecognized if barriers to healthcare access exist accompanied by exclusive focus on somatic illness. We analysed the relationship between psychosocial functioning, health status and healthcare access of ASR children. METHODS During 2018, 560 ASR adults in 58 collective accommodations in Germany's 3rd largest federal state were randomly sampled and assessed. The parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess child psychosocial functioning. SDQ dimensions (Emotional, Conduct, Peer, Hyperactivity, Prosocial, Total) were compared by demographics (sex, age, region of origin, time since arrival, subjective social status), health status (long-lasting illness, physical limitation, pain) and healthcare access (utilization: paediatrician, specialist, dentist, psychologist, hospital/emergency department, prescribed medicines; and unmet needs: for paediatrician/specialist, reduced spending to cover healthcare cost). Age and sex-adjusted odds ratios (AOR, 95%CI-Confidence Intervals) for scoring in borderline/abnormal ranges in SDQ dimensions were estimated through logistic regression depending on children' health status and healthcare access. RESULTS We analysed parents' answers pertaining to 90 children aged 1-17 years old, 57% of which were girls and 58% with (Eastern or Western) Asian nationality. Scoring in the borderline/abnormal range of the SDQ Total Difficulties score was associated with feeling bodily pain (compared to no pain, AOR, 95%CI = 3.14, 1.21-8.10) and with an unmet need for a specialist during the previous year (4.57, 1.09-19.16). Borderline/abnormal SDQ Emotional scores were positively associated with a long-lasting illness (5.25, 1.57-17.55), physical limitation (4.28, 1.49-12.27) and bodily pain (3.00, 1.10-8.22), and negatively associated with visiting a paediatrician (0.23, 0.07-0.78), specialist (0.16, 0.04-0.69), and the emergency department (0.27, 0.08-0.96). CONCLUSION Poor psychosocial functioning among ASR children is associated with somatic problems, unmet medical needs, and lower healthcare utilisation. Somatic clinical encounters with ASR should include children' mental health symptomatology assessment, especially in those with worst physical health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Costa
- Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.o. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Louise Biddle
- Section of Health Equity Studies & Migration, Dept. of General Practice & Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kayvan Bozorgmehr
- Department of Population Medicine and Health Services Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, P.o. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
- Section of Health Equity Studies & Migration, Dept. of General Practice & Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Willey S, Desmyth K, Truong M. Racism, healthcare access and health equity for people seeking asylum. Nurs Inq 2021; 29:e12440. [PMID: 34312941 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
People seeking asylum are at risk of receiving poorer quality healthcare due, in part, to racist and discriminatory attitudes, behaviours and policies in the health system. Despite fleeing war and conflict; exposure to torture and traumatic events and living with uncertainty; people seeking asylum are at high-risk of experiencing long-term poor physical and mental health outcomes in their host country. This article aims to raise awareness and bring attention to some common issues people seeking asylum face when seeking healthcare in high-income countries where the health system is dominated by a Western biomedical view of health. Clinical case scenarios are used to highlight instances of racist healthcare policies and practices that create and maintain ongoing health disparities; limited access to culturally and linguistically appropriate health services, and lack of trauma-informed approaches to care. Nurses and midwives can play an important role in countering racism in healthcare settings; by identifying and calling out discriminatory practice and modelling tolerance, respect and empathy in daily practice. We present recommendations for individuals, organisations and governments that can inform changes to policies and practices that will reduce racism and improve health equity for people seeking asylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Willey
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Kath Desmyth
- Victorian Refugee Health Program, Cohealth, Footscray, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandy Truong
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Barghadouch A, Norredam M. Psychosocial Responses to Healthcare: A Study on Asylum-Seeking Families' Experiences in Denmark. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:551-555. [PMID: 33759026 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Much work has gone into unpacking the range of individual, interpersonal and structural barriers that prevent asylum-seekers from accessing healthcare. In this Brief Communication, we disentangle asylum-seeking families' psychosocial responses when accessing healthcare as crucial dimensions of the access experience. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 11 asylum-seeking families in Denmark, we present examples from three specific healthcare encounters between families and healthcare professionals in the Danish asylum system. We demonstrate how unfamiliarity with the healthcare system, interpersonal miscommunication and cultural insensitivity among professionals evoke specific emotions that undermine participants' trust in the healthcare system and affect their future motivation for healthcare seeking and ultimately also their healthcare seeking behavior. We argue for an urgent need to recognize the pivotal role of such psychosocial responses in shaping healthcare access for asylum-seeking families. Focusing on these responses is an important next step in overcoming barriers in access to healthcare, which have been described in literature for years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Barghadouch
- Department of Public Health, Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health (MESU), Section for Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marie Norredam
- Department of Public Health, Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health (MESU), Section for Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schippert ACSP, Grov EK, Bjørnnes AK. Uncovering re-traumatization experiences of torture survivors in somatic health care: A qualitative systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246074. [PMID: 33539415 PMCID: PMC7861410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little research has focused on torture survivors' re-traumatization experiences in health and hospital units that treat somatic diseases, though any medical procedure can re-traumatize survivors. This study's purpose was to summarize qualitative research evidence on torture survivors' somatic healthcare experiences and to identify "triggers" or "reminders" that can lead to re-traumatization. The study's search strategies identified 6,326 citations and eight studies, comprising data from 290 participants, exploring encounters with healthcare providers from torture survivors' perspectives, which were included in the present research. Dallam's Healthcare Retraumatization Model was used as a framework for data extraction and analysis. Five main themes were elicited from the findings: (1) invisibility, silence, and mistrust; (2) healthcare providers' attitudes and a lack of perceived quality in healthcare; (3) disempowerment; (4) avoidance; and (5) satisfaction and gratitude. An analysis of the study's findings revealed that torture survivors do not receive adequate healthcare and may experience challenges during treatment that can result in re-traumatization. The findings of this literature review provide a basis for understanding the difficulties that survivors experience in receiving somatic healthcare, as well as an explanation of the re-traumatization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla S. P. Schippert
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Karine Grov
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Bjørnnes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Solberg Ø, Sengoelge M, Nissen A, Saboonchi F. Coping in Limbo? The Moderating Role of Coping Strategies in the Relationship between Post-Migration Stress and Well-Being during the Asylum-Seeking Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1004. [PMID: 33498731 PMCID: PMC7908179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Asylum seekers are faced with high levels of post-migratory stress due to uncertainty and uncontrollability of the application process, resulting in higher levels of mental health problems. Little is known about the coping strategies utilized by asylum seekers in this context. Structural equation modeling and the stepwise modeling approach were utilized on cross-sectional data from a cohort of asylum seekers in Sweden (N = 455) to examine whether adaptive coping in the form of problem-focused and cognitive-based coping would buffer the impact of post-migratory stressors by moderating the relationship between the stressors and well-being. Fit indices showed good to excellent fit of the final model that regressed well-being on selected post-migratory stressors and coping (CFI = 0.964, RMSEA = 0.043 (90% CI = 0.035-0.051), SRMR = 0.044). Well-being was negatively and significantly regressed on both perceived discrimination (B = -0.42, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and distressing family conflicts (B = -0.16, SE = 0.07, p = 0.037), and positively and significantly regressed on cognitive restructuring (B = 0.71, SE = 0.33, p = 0.030). There was, however, no evidence that coping strategies modified the adverse associations between the two post-migratory stressors and well-being. Interventions and policies should prioritize improving contextual factors inherent in the asylum-seeking process in order to reduce stress and enable coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Solberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, 141 21 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.S.); (A.N.); (F.S.)
- Division for Implementation and Treatment Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathilde Sengoelge
- Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, 141 21 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.S.); (A.N.); (F.S.)
| | - Alexander Nissen
- Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, 141 21 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.S.); (A.N.); (F.S.)
- Division for Forced Migration and Refugee Health, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Saboonchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, 141 21 Huddinge, Sweden; (M.S.); (A.N.); (F.S.)
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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