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Cogan N, Tse D, Finlayson M, Lawley S, Black J, Hewitson R, Stergiou C, Aziz S, Hamer H, Short C. A journey towards a trauma informed and responsive Justice system: the perspectives and experiences of senior Justice workers. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2025; 16:2441075. [PMID: 39760261 PMCID: PMC11705546 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2441075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There is a risk of re-traumatisation for survivors of trauma who engage with the Justice system, given their high propensity to encounter situations that trigger traumatic responses. While a growing body of research has explored the experience of trauma informed practice (TIP) from service user perspectives, little research has incorporated the views and experiences of practitioners working in the Justice system in terms of the implementation of TIP in their service setting.Method: An exploratory, qualitative research design based on semi-structured, in-depth interviews. One to one, online interviews were conducted with senior Justice workers (n = 22) who had undertaken theoretically informed TIP training and had responsibility for its implementation. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive, reflexive thematic approach.Results: The themes identified were: (1) Supporting staff and user knowledge and well-being (training, trust, safety, reflection), (2) Recognition in the value of TIP (reflected in the resources, supervision, infrastructure and physical environment), (3) Encouraging flexible, creative and collaborative ways of working (overcoming resistance).Conclusions: The findings have implications at the service user, provider and organisational level. Emphasis is placed on the importance of overcoming barriers to implementing TIP through adopting a whole systems approach that encourages collaborative working while supporting staff well-being, access to ongoing TIP training, supervision and resources to establish a safe working environment. Implementing a strengths-based, non-pathologising approach to TIP service delivery within the Justice system is essential. Further longitudinal work to explore the mechanisms by which TIP can help reduce re-traumatisation to service users and providers is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cogan
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dwight Tse
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Melanie Finlayson
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Samantha Lawley
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacqueline Black
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhys Hewitson
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christiana Stergiou
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Helen Hamer
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherrie Short
- The Sliver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Majeed T, Taylor J, Breuer E, Nepal S, Remond M, Grant L, Hampton S, Sullivan E. Establishing best-practice statements for post-custody community transition: Insights from a modified Delphi study. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0323118. [PMID: 40338899 PMCID: PMC12061168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/10/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transition from custody to community is a critical juncture for people exiting custody, necessitating substantial support. However, the programs and services providing this support are often fragmented and lack a unified approach in terms of terminology, design, resourcing, timing, delivery, and monitoring and evaluation. This study sought to establish an agreed terminology and promote a broader consensus on best practices relating to these programs and services. METHODS We used a two-phased Delphi methodology to provide a structured, formal, and iterative process for gathering and refining the opinions of subject experts, knowledge holders, and people with lived experiences. Using purposive sampling, 160 national and international participants were invited to participate. Comprehensive study protocol has already been published elsewhere. RESULTS This modified two-phased Delphi study delivers a set of 40 best-practice statements that can be adapted to the individual needs and contexts of different programs and services. These best-practice statements clarify several key themes, including language and terminology, program aims and outcomes, best-practice principles, the significance of an interconnected phased approach, timing related to services and programs, responsibility for funding and coordination of programs, and monitoring and evaluation. This study introduces an umbrella term, 'Transitional and Post-Release Support Programs (TPSP)', to describe programs and services for people exiting custody and provides best-practice statements that can enhance access, documentation, monitoring, and evaluation processes. CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of a value-based approach in TPSPs to foster purposive program design and a human rights-aligned approach to service provision for people exiting custody. The use of umbrella term and the best-practice statements will promote the use of humane, dignified language, a streamlined, timely, structured, and collaborative discourse, and a more cohesive approach to service provision for people exiting custody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Majeed
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jo Taylor
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erica Breuer
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Smriti Nepal
- The Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health. The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc Remond
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Grant
- Corrective Services, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Hampton
- Primary Care Directorate, Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sullivan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Booth J, McMullen H, Rodriguez A, Muirhead V. Co-designing a film showcasing the dental experiences of community returners (ex-offenders). FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2025; 5:1391438. [PMID: 39834782 PMCID: PMC11743650 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1391438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The oral health of over 90,000 individuals in UK prisons is four times worse than the general population. A recent scoping review on the oral health of prisoners inside the justice system highlighted the lack of research about what happens when they transition out of prison to become community returners. Objectives To co-design a film to showcase the dental experiences of community returners before and after they transition out of prison, change perceptions and inform oral health research priorities. Methods This action research involved five community returners, recruited through third sector organisations, who attended virtual workshops. Participants in the first workshop designed the storyboard; community returners incorporated their own stories into fictional characters to portray their lived experiences. They developed the character stories and wrote the script in the second workshop. A community film production company produced the film and used professional actors who had contact with the justice system to depict the characters in the film. Results The final film, titled "My Story, My Words, My Mouth" explored themes such as self-care oral health behaviours, dental care provision in prison, access to healthcare, stigmatisation, disclosure and improving oral health to support societal reintegration. The film was screened at an open event for stakeholders and included a question-and-answer session and recorded videos where viewers shared their feedback to inform future research projects. Conclusion Co-design can be an empowering platform to hear the voices of community returners. Using the medium of film an oral health promotion tool can build understanding about the oral health needs of underrepresented groups. This egalitarian and power-sharing approach can also provoke critical discussion and actively involve underrepresented people in research that impacts their lives to develop strategies, to set priorities and improve their oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Booth
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, England
| | - Heather McMullen
- Centre for Public Health and Policy, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | | | - Vanessa Muirhead
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
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Grace PJ, Everhart KK, Marcolini EG. Ethical Decision-making Using Trauma-Informed Principles: A Case Example. AACN Adv Crit Care 2024; 35:272-279. [PMID: 39213622 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2024114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Grace
- Pamela J. Grace is Associate Professor Emerita, Boston College Connell School of Nursing and Member Dartmouth Health Ethics Committee, Lebanon, New Hampshire; PO Box 1043, Grantham, NH 03753
| | - Kelly Kathleen Everhart
- Kelly Kathleen Everhart is Anesthesiologist, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, and Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Evie G Marcolini
- Evie G. Marcolini is Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, and Vice Chair of Faculty Affairs, Department of Emergency Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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Bathish R, Madden A, Duff C, Ritter A. Guiding principles for breaking down drug-related stigma in academic writing. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 131:104515. [PMID: 39208549 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramez Bathish
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Annie Madden
- Harm Reduction Australia, Sydney, Australia; International Network of People Who Use Drugs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Duff
- Centre for Organisations and Social Change, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Robison M, Abderhalden FP, Joiner TE. Dehumanization and the Association With Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Ideation in an Incarcerated Population. CRISIS 2024; 45:287-293. [PMID: 38441129 PMCID: PMC11324389 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Background: Self-injurious and suicidal thoughts create critical concerns for incarcerated populations, yet relatively little is known about how they are formed and perpetuated within US jails. Dehumanization has been presented as a potentially novel risk factor toward aspects of self-harm; thus, this study assessed the perception of dehumanization from officers by those currently incarcerated. Methods: Across two jail settings (n = 410), self-report surveys were administered asking questions relating to perception of officer dehumanization alongside aspects of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation. Results: The findings indicate that perceived officer dehumanization is associated with NSSI thoughts, actively seeking NSSI, and suicidal ideation in jail, but not with NSSI in jail. Limitations: These data are cross-sectional, thus future work should examine the temporal order of these relationships. Conclusions: Perceptions of officer dehumanization appear to be clinically relevant in jail settings; therefore, future research should longitudinally determine how dehumanization imparts suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Robison
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Frances P Abderhalden
- Suicide Education and Mental (Health) Prevention Resiliency (SEMPR), Pyeongtaek-si, South Korea
| | - Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Perry AE, Baker H, Aboaja A, Wilson L, Morris S, Patient Public Involved Service User. Co-production and adaptation of a prison-based problem-solving workbook to support the mental health of patients housed within a medium- and low-secure forensic service. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13997. [PMID: 38400622 PMCID: PMC10891435 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Problem-solving skills (PSS) help to provide a systematic approach to dealing with and managing complex problems. The overall aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of developing and adapting a prison-based PSS workbook for adults within a medium- and low-secure hospital. METHOD We used the Medical Research Council framework in our participatory mixed methods study incorporating an adapted survey (to identify what types of problems people experience in secure hospitals), a series of three interactive workshops (to co-produce two case study examples for a workbook) and we gathered feedback from patients and hospital staff on the acceptability and feasibility of the workbook. Data from the survey were used to inform the case study examples, and the feedback from patients and hospital staff was descriptively summarised and the results consolidated. RESULTS In total, 82 (51%) patients took part in the survey; 22 patients and 49 hospital staff provided feedback on the workbook. The survey results indicated that patients regularly experience problems while in the hospital. Patients reported problems relating to restrictions of freedom and boredom. The workshops produced two case studies for the workbooks, with mainly positive patient and staff feedback. More work is required to improve the visual representation of the characters in the case studies, the amount and content of the language and the mechanism of the intervention delivery. CONCLUSION The adaptation process proved acceptable and feasible to both patients and staff. The co-production methodology for the workbook and feedback from patients and staff was an effective way of iteratively refining the materials to ensure that they were both meaningful and acceptable to staff and patients. Subsequent work is required to develop the workbook and evaluate the feasibility of the intervention delivery, recruitment rates, uptake and adherence to the PSS using a randomised controlled trial. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION At each stage of the project consultation with patients and/or hospital staff was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Perry
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkYorkFulfordUK
| | - Heather Baker
- Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation TrustDarlingtonWest ParkUK
| | - Anne Aboaja
- Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation TrustDarlingtonWest ParkUK
| | - Lindsey Wilson
- Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation TrustDarlingtonWest ParkUK
| | - Sarah Morris
- Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation TrustDarlingtonWest ParkUK
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Schumann S, Zohny H. Does attitude importance moderate the effects of person-first language? A registered report. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300879. [PMID: 38547221 PMCID: PMC10977733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to outgroup descriptions that use person-first, as compared to identity-first, language can attenuate negative stereotypes or prejudice and enhance support for policies that seek to advance outgroup rights. However, those benefits of person-first language may not apply to all social groups equally. The present study examines a boundary condition of the effects of person-first language. Specifically, we postulate that person-first language reduces the stigmatization of outgroups to a lesser degree if individuals hold more important negative attitudes towards the respective communities. We will test this hypothesis in a two-factorial 2 (target group) x 2 (descriptor) online experiment that includes a control group and for which we will recruit a general-population sample (N = 681). Stereotyping, dehumanization, as well as negative affect and behavioral intentions towards two outgroups will be compared: people with a physical disability/the physically disabled (i.e., negative attitudes are expected to be less important) and people who have committed a violent crime/violent criminals (i.e., negative attitudes are expected to be more important). Our findings will bear implications for understanding when language use could influence public opinion of different social groups. Additionally, the research can inform the development of more effective communication policies to promote inclusion and reduce stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Schumann
- Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazem Zohny
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Seaward H, Dieffenbacher S, Gaab J, Graf M, Elger B, Wangmo T. Stigma management during reintegration of older incarcerated adults with mental health issues: A qualitative analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2023; 89:101905. [PMID: 37329868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2023.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of older prisoners with mental health issues released from prisons and forensic psychiatric institutions is rising. Their successful integration is important due to its implications for the public's safety and the individual's health and well-being. However, reintegration efforts are hampered due to the double stigma attached to 'mental illness' and 'incarceration history'. To alleviate the burden of such stigma, affected persons and their social networks employ stigma management strategies. This study sought to investigate the stigma management strategies of mental health professionals supporting older incarcerated adults with mental health issues in their reintegration process. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 63 mental health professionals from Canada and Switzerland were carried out as part of the overall project. To address the reintegration topic, data from 18 interviews were used. Data analysis followed the thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Mental health professionals emphasized the double stigmatization of their patients which impaired their quest for housing. Lengthy searches for placement frequently resulted in patients' unnecessary long stays in forensic programs. Nevertheless, participants outlined that they were at times successful in finding appropriate housing for their patients due to the use of certain stigma management strategies. They stated that they, first, established initial contacts with outside institutions, second, educated them about stigmatizing labels and, third, provided ongoing collaboration with public institutions. DISCUSSION Incarcerated persons with mental health issues face double stigmatization that affects their reentry process. Our findings are interesting as they illustrate ways in which stigma can be reduced, and how the reentry process can be streamlined. Future research should include the perspectives of incarcerated adults with mental health issues to shed more light on the various options that they seek for successful reintegration after imprisonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Seaward
- University of Basel, Institute for Biomedical Ethics (IBMB), Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Dieffenbacher
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Division for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jens Gaab
- University of Basel, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Graf
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bernice Elger
- University of Basel, Institute for Biomedical Ethics (IBMB), Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Center for legal medicine (CURML), Medical faculty, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Tenzin Wangmo
- University of Basel, Institute for Biomedical Ethics (IBMB), Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Pralong D, Tran NT, Mary G, Renaud A, Meach F, Wolff H. Do Personal Nurse-Initiated Medication Boxes Work in Prison? A Cross-Sectional Study Involving Incarcerated Persons and Prison Officers in a Swiss Prison. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2023; 19:179-186. [PMID: 37590940 PMCID: PMC10453344 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Daily in-hand medication dispensing in prisons and jails is resource intensive, disempowering, and nonconfidential. This research aimed to assess a nurse-initiated, low-frequency medication dispensing system using personal lockable boxes. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in a Swiss prison involving 47 box users and 19 custodial officers. FINDINGS Box users agreed or strongly agreed about the perceived advantages of the box system, including user-friendliness, lower theft risk, and increased dignity, confidentiality, compliance, and autonomy to self-manage medication. Officers, who must accompany nurses during dispensing rounds, concurred that medication boxes were more time-efficient and improved role differentiation between custodial and clinical staff. Patients and officers were overall satisfied with the system and would recommend scaling it up in other facilities. DISCUSSION This study suggests that medication boxes are feasible, acceptable, easy to use, and secure. Boxes could promote patients' autonomy, protect confidentiality, and allow nurses to dedicate more time to individual visits and health promotion and prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Pralong
- Author Affiliations:Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals
- University of Geneva
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Author Affiliations:Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals
- University of Geneva
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney
| | - Gérard Mary
- Author Affiliations:Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals
- University of Geneva
| | - Audrey Renaud
- Author Affiliations:Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals
- University of Geneva
| | - Francesco Meach
- Author Affiliations:Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals
- University of Geneva
| | - Hans Wolff
- Author Affiliations:Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals
- University of Geneva
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Moore KE, Johnson JE, Luoma JB, Taxman F, Pack R, Corrigan P, Hart J, Slone JD. A multi-level intervention to reduce the stigma of substance use and criminal involvement: a pilot feasibility trial protocol. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:24. [PMID: 37184615 PMCID: PMC10184076 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma associated with substance use and criminal involvement is pervasive and creates a barrier to evidence-based addiction care within the criminal legal system. Research has yet to examine a multi-level stigma intervention which targets the intersection of these stigmas among both criminal legal staff and legally-involved clients. METHODS This paper presents the protocol for a non-randomized trial of a multi-level stigma intervention called Combatting Stigma to Aid Reentry and Recovery (CSTARR) that involves two interventions: (1) training for criminal legal staff to address public stigma and (2) group-based acceptance and commitment therapy to address self-stigma among legally-involved adults enrolled in substance use treatment. Staff and client participants are engaged with a program called the Tennessee Recovery Oriented Compliance Strategy in 6 East Tennessee counties. This study examines the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of CSTARR using a type 1 hybrid implementation/effectiveness trial with pre to post follow-up. DISCUSSION Stigma must be addressed in the criminal legal system to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based addiction care. This study is the first to evaluate a stigma intervention designed for the criminal legal setting and results will be used to inform a larger, randomized controlled trial. The rationale for this study, research design and measures, as well as potential implications for the field are described. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT05152342. Registered 11/5/2021 at https://register. CLINICALTRIALS gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000BIN8&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0005X4C&ts=2&cx=-u3wsbx .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Moore
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, 420 Rogers-Stout Hall, P.O. Box 70649, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Johnson
- College of Human Medicine, Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, 200 E. 1St Street, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Jason B Luoma
- Portland Psychotherapy Institute, 3700 N Williams Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Faye Taxman
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, 3351 Fairfax Drive Van Metre Hall, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
| | - Robert Pack
- College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, 277 Lamb Hall, P.O. Box 70623, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Patrick Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Llinois Institute of Technology, 3424 S State St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Jim Hart
- Tennessee Institute for Public Service, 1610 University Avenue, Knoxville, TN, 37921, USA
| | - Judge Duane Slone
- Fourth Judicial District of Tennessee, 854 South Hwy. 92, P.O. Box 858, Dandridge, TN, 37725, USA
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Smith HJ, Herce ME, Mwila C, Chisenga P, Yenga C, Chibwe B, Mai V, Kashela L, Nanyagwe M, Hatwiinda S, Moonga CN, Musheke M, Lungu Y, Sikazwe I, Topp SM. Experiences of Justice-Involved People Transitioning to HIV Care in the Community After Prison Release in Lusaka, Zambia: A Qualitative Study. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023; 11:GHSP-D-22-00444. [PMID: 37116925 PMCID: PMC10141426 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), incarcerated people experience a higher HIV burden than the general population. While access to HIV care and treatment for incarcerated people living with HIV (PLHIV) in SSA has improved in some cases, little is known about their transition to and post-release experience with care in the community. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative study to describe factors that may influence post-release HIV care continuity in Zambia. METHODS In March-December 2018, we recruited study participants from a larger prospective cohort study following incarcerated and newly released PLHIV at 5 correctional facilities in 2 provinces in Zambia. We interviewed 50 participants immediately before release; 27 (54%) participated in a second interview approximately 6 months post-release. Demographic and psychosocial data were collected through a structured survey. RESULTS The pre-release setting was strongly influenced by the highly structured prison environment and assumptions about life post-release. Participants reported accessible HIV services, a destigmatizing environment, and strong informal social supports built through comradery among people facing the same trying detention conditions. Contrary to their pre-release expectations, during the immediate post-release period, participants struggled to negotiate the health system while dealing with unexpected stressors. Long-term engagement in HIV care was possible for participants with strong family support and a high level of self-efficacy. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that recently released PLHIV in Zambia face acute challenges in meeting their basic subsistence needs, as well as social isolation, which can derail linkage to and retention in community HIV care. Releasees are unprepared to face these challenges due to a lack of community support services. To improve HIV care continuity in this population, new transitional care models are needed that develop client self-efficacy, facilitate health system navigation, and pragmatically address structural and psychosocial barriers like poverty, gender inequality, and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene J Smith
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael E Herce
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chilambwe Mwila
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter Chisenga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chisenga Yenga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Besa Chibwe
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Vivien Mai
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lillian Kashela
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mirriam Nanyagwe
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sisa Hatwiinda
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Clement N Moonga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Maurice Musheke
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yotam Lungu
- Zambia Correctional Service, Government of the Republic of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Izukanji Sikazwe
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Stephanie M Topp
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Love DA, Fukushima AI, Rogers TN, Petersen E, Brooks E, Rogers CR. Challenges to Reintegration: A Qualitative Intrinsic Case-Study of Convicted Female Sex Traffickers. FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 18:24-44. [PMID: 36698918 PMCID: PMC9873223 DOI: 10.1177/15570851211045042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Limited research focuses on the nature of the lived experiences of women engaged in sex trafficking. This study employed qualitative methods of in-depth structured interviews with ten convicted sex traffickers (ages 24-56; 100% identifying as female). Participants' lived experiences revealed circumstances that led them to trafficking, specific needs, and the stigmatization they faced after exiting economies tied to trafficking. Inductive analysis yielded three key barriers to reintegration success: limited choice; negative labeling; and unmet physical, emotional, and social needs. These findings enhance understanding of the factors influencing the successful reintegration of convicted female sex traffickers into mainstream society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A. Love
- Department of Criminal Justice, Lone Star College–University Park
| | | | | | - Ethan Petersen
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Ellen Brooks
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Charles R. Rogers
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
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Staller MS, Koerner S, Zaiser B. Stochastische Gewalt: unangemessene polizeiliche Gewaltanwendung und problematische Interaktionen als Folge systeminterner Kommunikation. FORENSISCHE PSYCHIATRIE, PSYCHOLOGIE, KRIMINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11757-022-00746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDas Konzept stochastischer Gewalt erklärt die Entstehung von Gewalt in einem sozialen System als einen wahrscheinlichen, aber im konkreten Einzelfall nichtvorhersagbaren Prozess. Im vorliegenden Beitrag beschreiben wir das Konzept in seinem prozesshaften Verlauf und legen dabei den Analysenutzen für eine Reduktion von Gewalt in der Gesellschaft dar. Mit Blick auf das soziale Teilsystem der Polizei argumentieren wir, dass es in der Verantwortung moderner, bürgerorientierter und vom Primat der Menschenwürde geleiteter Polizei und Polizeiwissenschaft liegt, sich dieser Dynamiken bewusst zu sein, diese aufzuklären und damit ihren eigenen Beitrag zur stochastischen Reduktion von Gewalt zu leisten. Ausgehend von Daten zu problematischem polizeilichen Interaktionsverhalten stellen wir dar, wie polizeiliche Gefahrennarrative und dominanzinduzierende Kommunikation die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Gewalt im Kollektiv ermöglicht. Von dort aus ergeben sich auch die zentralen Ansatzpunkte für (eine freilich ebenfalls stochastisch wirksame) Prävention und Intervention: die Etablierung alternativer Narrative sowie einer dominanzsensiblen Kommunikation.
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Baggio S, Gétaz L, Giraudier L, Tirode L, Urrutxi M, Carboni S, Britan A, Price RL, Wolff H, Heller P. Comparison of Audiovisual and Paper-Based Materials for 1-Time Informed Consent for Research in Prison: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2235888. [PMID: 36219446 PMCID: PMC9554696 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.35888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Few studies are available on informed consent (IC) among detained persons, even with ethics being a critical aspect of prison research. In IC research, audiovisual material seems to improve understanding and satisfaction compared with conventional paper-based material, but findings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare audiovisual and paper-based materials for 1-time general IC for research in prisons. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2 corrections facilities in Switzerland (an adult prison and a juvenile detention center). The study was conducted from December 14, 2019, to December 2, 2020, in the adult prison and from January 15, 2020, to September 9, 2021, in the juvenile detention center. In the adult prison, study participation was offered to detained persons visiting the medical unit (response rate, 84.7%). In the juvenile detention center, all newly incarcerated adolescents were invited to participate (response rate, 98.0%). INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive paper-based conventional material or to watch a 4-minute video. Materials included the same legal information, as required by the Swiss Federal Act on Research Involving Human Beings. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was acceptance to sign the IC form. Secondary outcomes included understanding, evaluation, and time to read or watch the IC material. RESULTS The study included 190 adults (mean [SD] age, 35.0 [11.8] years; 190 [100%] male) and 100 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.1] years; 83 [83.0%] male). In the adult prison, no significant differences were found between groups in acceptance to sign the IC form (77 [81.1%] for paper-based material and 81 [85.3%] for audiovisual material; P = .39) and to evaluate it (mean [SD] correct responses, 5.09 [1.13] for paper-based material and 5.01 [1.07] for audiovisual material; P = .81). Understanding was significantly higher in the audiovisual material group (mean [SD] correct responses, 5.09 [1.84]) compared with the paper-based material group (mean [SD] correct responses, 4.61 [1.70]; P = .04). In the juvenile detention center, individuals in the audiovisual material group were more likely to sign the IC form (44 [89.8%]) than the paper-based material group (35 [68.6%], P = .006). No significant difference was found between groups for understanding and evaluation. Adults took a mean (SD) of 5 (2) minutes to read the paper material, and adolescents took 7 (3) minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Given the small benefit of audiovisual material, these findings suggest that giving detained adults and prison health care staff a choice regarding IC material is best. For adolescents, audiovisual material should be provided. Future studies should focus on increasing understanding of the IC process. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05505058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Gétaz
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Lilian Tirode
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Urrutxi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Carboni
- Clinical Research Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Britan
- Clinical Research Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Wolff
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Heller
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals & University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Collier K, Gupta A, Vinson A. Motivating change in resident language use through narrative medicine workshops. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:663. [PMID: 36071430 PMCID: PMC9449284 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many ways that students and trainees learn to talk about patients. The way trainees and physicians use language during clinical care is important, as labeling patients can have adverse effects on patient safety. Communication is considered a core competency by The Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Past research has shown that participants in narrative medicine curricula report developing stronger communication skills however it is not clear how these workshops motivated trainees to use language differently during patient care. To explore this, we interviewed second-year residents in academic year 19-20 about their experiences both in participating in narrative medicine workshops and giving patient care. METHODS The framing context for this constructivist thematic analysis is a series of narrative medicine workshops facilitated for interns in an internal medicine residency program at a large academic medical center during the 18-19 academic year. We developed a semi-structured interview study that allowed residents to reflect on their experiences in these workshops. Eighteen out of 60 residents (30%) were interviewed. RESULTS We found that sessions regarding language use in patient care shaped how interns thought about and used language during clinical work, a finding that arose spontaneously during interviews. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that workshops aimed specifically at addressing the use of language in healthcare can have meaningful impact on trainees. Our study makes a unique contribution to the scholarship by suggesting that training in narrative medicine can lead to a change in the way that trainees use language during their clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Gupta
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Negash S, Chung K, Oh S. Families post-release: Barriers and pathways to family therapy. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:609-624. [PMID: 35332541 PMCID: PMC9311075 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Family therapy has helped repair relational ruptures and restore stability within families for decades. However, service can be inaccessible and underutilized among many minoritized and stigmatized groups, including families post-release. Harmful sociocultural and relational experiences pose considerable risks to families before, during, and after incarceration. While not exhaustive, this article highlights potential attitudinal, relational, and logistical obstacles to family therapy engendered by therapists, clients, or both. Feasible and accessible clinically oriented conceptual and practical pathways of support to combat such obstacles are outlined to help therapists attract and retain families post-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesen Negash
- Counseling and School PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Klancy Chung
- Counseling and School PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shinyung Oh
- Counseling and School PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Carolan C, O'Flynn A, Guerin S. Exploring Models of Care and the Perceived Impact in an Offender Rehabilitation Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 66:914-930. [PMID: 34605305 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211049201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Offender rehabilitation programs incorporating positive psychology interventions such as a strengths-based model can be effective. This study explores the perceived model of service provided by an offender rehabilitation service and the perceived impact that this service has on the lives of its clients. A qualitative methodology was employed in the context of an action research design, using semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis which is an independent and reliable approach to qualitative analysis. The findings suggest that participants perceive the organization to be operating a strengths-based approach and this is perceived as having the potential to have a range of positive effects for clients. Some contrasting views were also identified within the participant groups and these are discussed in this paper. The results of this study complement the existing research and have several implications for future research in this area.
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Schaefer I, DiGiacomo M, Heneka N, Panozzo S, Luckett T, Phillips JL. Palliative care needs and experiences of people in prison: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Palliat Med 2022; 36:443-461. [PMID: 34965778 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211068278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prison population is growing and ageing, as is the need for palliative care. Yet, little is known about how people in prison perceive palliative care provision in this setting. AIMS To identify the: (i) perceptions of palliative care provision and dying in custody by people in prison; and (ii) perceived barriers and facilitators of person-centred palliative care provision in prison. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-synthesis was registered and undertaken in accordance with the reporting guidelines. DATA SOURCES Keywords and MeSH headings encompassing (i) palliative care, end-of-life care, death; and (ii) prison; were used to search Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINCH and ProQuest Central. Articles published in English, from high income countries, and containing qualitative data exploring perceptions of people in prison of palliative care in custody were included. Findings were reporting using the ENTREQ guidelines. FINDINGS Of the 2193 articles identified, 12 were included. Experiences of people in prison regarding palliative care related to two themes: (1) expectations versus experiences of palliative care; and (2) prison context complicates access to and provision of palliative care. People in prison with palliative care needs want to feel safe, cared for, and acknowledged as they face an expected death. The prison environment can severely restrict access to palliative care, leaving people in prison feeling isolated and powerless. CONCLUSIONS People in prison expect to receive high-quality palliative care, but their experiences often do not match their expectations. Numerous structural and organisational challenges complicate the provision of palliative care in prisons, limiting accessibility of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Heneka
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Tim Luckett
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane L Phillips
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Dickson C, Junod V, Stamm R, Jeannot E, Hämmig R, Scholten W, Simon O. Agonist Treatment for Opioid Dependence Syndrome: The Impact of Current Understanding upon Recommendations for Policy Initiatives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910155. [PMID: 34639456 PMCID: PMC8508445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The provision of opioid agonist treatments (OATs), as a standard approach towards opioid dependence syndrome, differs widely between countries. In response to access disparities, in 2014, the Council of Europe’s Pompidou Group first brought together an expert group on framework conditions for the treatment of opioid dependence. The group used a Delphi approach to structure their discussions and develop guiding principles for the modernisation of OAT regulations and legislation. The expert group identified some 60 guiding principles, which were then the subject of wide public consultation. Endorsed by Pompidou Group member states, the final report identified four key recommendations: (1) Prescription and delivery without prior authorisation schemes; (2) Effective removal of financial barriers to access to care; (3) Coordination and follow-up by a national consultative body; and (4) Neutral, precise and respectful terminology. During meetings, the expert group hypothesised that inequalities in OAT access are likely to be linked to underlying rationales which in theory are contradictory, but in practice co-exist within the different political frameworks. The present article considers the perceived influence upon different regulatory frameworks. Discussion is centred around the potential impact of underlying rationales upon the effective implementation of a modernised framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Dickson
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.J.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valérie Junod
- Faculty of Law, University of Geneva, 1211 Genève, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Stamm
- Independant Counsultant, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Emilien Jeannot
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.J.); (O.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health, Chemin de Mines 9, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Hämmig
- Dr. Robert Ltd. on behalf of the Swiss Society of Addiction Medicine, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Willem Scholten
- Willem Scholten Consultancy, NL-3411 AD Lopik, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Simon
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.J.); (O.S.)
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21
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It is time for us all to embrace person-centred language for people in prison and people who were formerly in prison. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 99:103455. [PMID: 34560625 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of person-centred language is well accepted regarding substance use and infectious disease healthcare and research, and appropriate acronyms have become commonplace, e.g., "people who inject drugs (PWID)" has mostly replaced phrases like "injecting drugs users". However, the use of the term's 'prisoner' or 'prisoners' remains common. Although less common, terms such as 'offenders' and 'inmates' are also still used on occasion. This persists despite calls from people with lived experience of incarceration, and fellow academics, to stop using these terms. Given the considerable overlap between substance use, infectious diseases, and incarceration, in this commentary we discuss how they interact, including the stigma that is common to each. We propose that using person-centred language (i.e., people in prison or people formerly in prison) needs to become the default language used when presenting research related to people in prison or people formerly in prison. This is a much-needed step in efforts to overcome the continued stigma that people in prison face while incarcerated from prison officers and other employees, including healthcare providers. Likewise, overcoming stigma, including legalised discrimination, that follows people who were formerly in prison upon gaining their freedom is critical, as this impacts their health and related social determinants, including employment and housing.
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Merkt H, Haesen S, Eytan A, Habermeyer E, Aebi MF, Elger B, Wangmo T. Forensic mental health professionals' perceptions of their dual loyalty conflict: findings from a qualitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:123. [PMID: 34530830 PMCID: PMC8444425 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health professionals (MHP) working in court-mandated treatment settings face ethical dilemmas due to their dual role in assuring their patient's well-being while guaranteeing the security of the population. Clear practical guidelines to support these MHPs' decision-making are lacking, amongst others, due to the ethical conflicts within this field. This qualitative interview study contributes to the much-needed empirical research on how MHPs resolve these ethical conflicts in daily clinical practice. METHODS 31 MHPs working in court-mandated treatment settings were interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and our in-depth analysis followed the thematic analysis approach. RESULTS We first outline how mental health professionals perceive their dual loyalty conflict and how they describe their affiliations with the medical and the justice system. Our findings indicate that this positioning was influenced by situational factors, drawing the MHPs at times closer to the caring or controlling poles. Second, our results illustrate how participating MHPs solve their dual loyalty conflict. Participants considered central to motivate the patient, to see the benefits of treatment and its goals. Further, transparent communication with patients and representatives of the justice system was highlighted as key to develop a trustful relationship with the patient and to manage the influences from the different players involved. CONCLUSIONS Even though individual positioning and opinions towards dealing with the influences of the justice system varied, the results of our research show that, in spite of varying positions, the underlying practice is not very different across participating MHPs. Several techniques that allow developing a high-quality therapeutic alliance with the patient are key elements of general psychotherapy. Transparency appears as the crucial factor when communicating with the patient and with representatives of the justice system. More specifically, patients need to be informed since the beginning of therapy about the limits of medical confidentiality. It is also recommended to develop guidelines that define the level of detailed information that should be disclosed when communicating with the authorities of the justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Merkt
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Haesen
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Eytan
- Service des mesures institutionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elmar Habermeyer
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Klinik für Forensische Psychiatrie, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo F Aebi
- School of Criminal Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernice Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tenzin Wangmo
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Ruedinger E, Evans YN, Balasubramaniam V. Abolishing Racism and Other Forms of Oppression in Scholarly Communication. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:10-13. [PMID: 33952420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ruedinger
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Yolanda N Evans
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vivek Balasubramaniam
- Division of Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Scarlet S, Dreesen EB. Surgical care of incarcerated patients: Doing the right thing, explicit bias, and ethics. Surgery 2021; 170:983-985. [PMID: 33785192 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scarlet
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Elizabeth B Dreesen
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Golembeski CA, Dong K, Irfan A. Carceral and Climate Crises and Health Inequities: A Call for Greater Transparency, Accountability, and Human Rights Protections. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Golembeski CA, Irfan A, Dong KR. Food Insecurity and Collateral Consequences of Punishment Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2020; 12:357-373. [PMID: 33362941 PMCID: PMC7753628 DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bipartisan governmental representatives and the public support investment in health care, housing, education, and nutrition programs, plus resources for people leaving prison and jail (Halpin, 2018; Johnson & Beletsky, 2020; USCCR, 2019). The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 banned people with felony drug convictions from receiving food stamps or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Food insecurity, recidivism, and poor mental and physical health outcomes are associated with such bans. Several states have overturned SNAP benefit bans, yet individuals with criminal convictions are still denied benefits due to eligibility criteria modifications. COVID-19 has impaired lower-income, food-insecure communities, which disproportionately absorb people released from prison and jail. Reentry support is sorely lacking. Meanwhile, COVID-19 introduces immediate novel health risks, economic insecurity, and jail and prison population reductions and early release. Thirty to 50 percent of people in prisons and jails, which are COVID-19 hotspots, have been released early (Flagg & Neff, 2020; New York Times, 2020; Vera, 2020). The Families First Coronavirus Response Act increases flexibility in providing emergency SNAP supplements and easing program administration during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights recommends eliminating SNAP benefit restrictions based on criminal convictions, which fail to prevent recidivism, promote public safety, or relate to underlying crimes. Policy improvements, administrative flexibility, and cross-sector collaboration can facilitate SNAP benefit access, plus safer, healthier transitioning from jail or prison to the community.
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Beaudry G, Zhong S, Whiting D, Javid B, Frater J, Fazel S. Managing outbreaks of highly contagious diseases in prisons: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e003201. [PMID: 33199278 PMCID: PMC7670855 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are reports of outbreaks of COVID-19 in prisons in many countries. Responses to date have been highly variable and it is not clear whether public health guidance has been informed by the best available evidence. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise the evidence on outbreaks of highly contagious diseases in prison. METHODS We searched seven electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles and official reports published between 1 January 2000 and 28 July 2020. We included quantitative primary research that reported an outbreak of a given contagious disease in a correctional facility and examined the effects of interventions. We excluded studies that did not provide detail on interventions. We synthesised common themes using the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guideline, identified gaps in the literature and critically appraised the effectiveness of various containment approaches. RESULTS We identified 28 relevant studies. Investigations were all based in high-income countries and documented outbreaks of tuberculosis, influenza (types A and B), varicella, measles, mumps, adenovirus and COVID-19. Several themes were common to these reports, including the public health implications of infectious disease outbreaks in prison, and the role of interagency collaboration, health communication, screening for contagious diseases, restriction, isolation and quarantine, contact tracing, immunisation programmes, epidemiological surveillance and prison-specific guidelines in addressing any outbreaks. DISCUSSION Prisons are high-risk settings for the transmission of contagious diseases and there are considerable challenges in managing outbreaks in them. A public health approach to managing COVID-19 in prisons is required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020178827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Beaudry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Shaoling Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daniel Whiting
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Babak Javid
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Seena Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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29
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Jack K, Linsley P, Thomson BJ, Irving WL. How do people in prison feel about opt-out hepatitis C virus testing? J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:1003-1011. [PMID: 32488916 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prison population is central to the campaign to eliminate hepatitis C virus as a public health threat. In the UK, this has led to the introduction of a national 'opt-out' policy, requiring people in prison to be tested for HCV unless they decline, with a target to test 75% of those admitted. However, in a representative prison estate in the East Midlands of England (20,000 prison entrants per annum) testing rates were only 13.4%. This qualitative study explains why the rates of test uptake are so far short of target. This qualitative study examines the experiences of 45 people in prison about hepatitis C virus testing in an English category C (low security) prison. The data collection method was semi-structured interviews. The data were coded and analysed according to the research questions, and interpretation of the data was aided by the use of a thematic network approach. The themes Fear, Insufficient Knowledge, Stigma, Privacy, Choice and Prison Life emerged as the principal barriers to test uptake. Test Uptake Facilitators that promoted testing were identified by participants and benefits presented of prison health care being a Health Farm. In order to increase hepatitis C virus test uptake, significant changes and flexibility in the timing, location, and staff deployed to test are required. Providing information to people in prison about hepatitis C virus transmission and treatment may reduce fears and enable the test uptake target to be met and sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Jack
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Brian James Thomson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - William Lucien Irving
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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30
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Golembeski CA, Sufrin CB, Williams B, Bedell PS, Glied SA, Binswanger IA, Hylton D, Winkelman TNA, Meyer JP. Improving Health Equity for Women Involved in the Criminal Legal System. Womens Health Issues 2020; 30:313-319. [PMID: 32739132 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Golembeski
- Rutgers University School of Law and School of Public Affairs and Administration, Newark, New Jersey.
| | - Carolyn B Sufrin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brie Williams
- University of California San Francisco, Division of Geriatrics and Amend at UCSF, Francisco, California
| | - Precious S Bedell
- University of Rochester College of Arts, Sciences, and Engineering, Turning Points Resource Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Sherry A Glied
- New York University Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, New York
| | - Ingrid A Binswanger
- Kaiser Permanente Institute for Health Research and Chemical Dependency Treatment Services, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Tyler N A Winkelman
- General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare; Health, Homelessness, and Criminal Justice Lab, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jaimie P Meyer
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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31
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Pralong D, Renaud A, Secretan AD, Blanc M, Charmillot N, Mouton E, Wolff H, Tran NT. Nurse-led mind-body relaxation intervention in prison: A multiperspective mixed-method evaluation. Nurs Outlook 2020; 68:637-646. [PMID: 32631795 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind-body relaxation techniques are complementary or alternative to medication to manage high stress and anxiety levels in prisons. PURPOSE To assess the motivation to attend and perceived benefits of a nurse-led group relaxation intervention in prison, investigate the experience of participants, prison officers, and health professionals, and identify improvements. METHOD Exploratory study was conducted in a post-trial facility in Switzerland using a multiperspective convergent parallel mixed method drawing from participatory action research principles. FINDINGS Reasons for attendance included back problems, mental tension, physical fitness, relaxation, and sleep problems. Perceived benefits comprised autonomy in self-practice, decreased physical tensions and anxiety, and improvement of sleep and physical fitness. Qualitative findings converged highlighting the importance of body-centering, relaxation as an alternative to medication, negative representations about relaxation sessions (useless, effeminate), and recommendations for improvement, including audio-visual support for self-practice. DISCUSSION Long-standing mind-body relaxation interventions led by nurses in groups may offer participants a beneficial and operationally feasible complement to stress management in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Pralong
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Renaud
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Dominique Secretan
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marysette Blanc
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Charmillot
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Mouton
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans Wolff
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chêne-Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland; Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Baggio S, Weber M, Rossegger A, Endrass J, Heller P, Schneeberger A, Graf M, Liebrenz M. Reducing recidivism using the Reasoning and Rehabilitation program: a pilot multi-site-controlled trial among prisoners in Switzerland. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:801-810. [PMID: 32318781 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated whether the Reasoning and Rehabilitation (R&R2) program was effective in reducing recidivism, minimizing dropout rates, and improving outcomes related to attitudes, behaviors, and personality among people living in detention. METHODS Data were collected in eight Swiss German-speaking prisons among males detained for violent offenses using a quasi-experimental controlled design (R&R2: n = 129, treatment as usual [TAU]: n = 84). Measures included recidivism, dropout rate, and self-report questionnaires (hostile attribution bias, aggressiveness, interpersonal problems, and willingness to accept responsibility). Data were analyzed using mixed-effect models. RESULTS Participants in the R&R2 group were less likely to reoffend in comparison with the TAU group in the intention-to-treat (n = 51, odds ratio = 0.75, p = .060) and the per-protocol (excluding dropouts; n = 38, odds ratio = 0.65, p = .068) analyses. They also had lower self-reported scores of spontaneous and reactive aggressiveness (p = .047 and p = .070) and excitability (p = .086). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this pilot project were promising, with the R&R2 program leading to reduced recidivism and dropout rate. Even though these results should be considered preliminary, the R&R2 program appeared to be a relevant approach in reducing recidivism after prison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Baggio
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226, Thônex, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Office of Corrections, Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Weber
- Office of Corrections, Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Rossegger
- Office of Corrections, Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Jerome Endrass
- Office of Corrections, Canton of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Patrick Heller
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226, Thônex, Geneva, Switzerland.,Adult Psychiatry Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andres Schneeberger
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Psychiatrische Dienste Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Marc Graf
- Forensic Psychiatric Hospital, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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33
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Baggio S, Chacowry Pala K, Rieder JP, Tran NT, Wolff H, Gétaz L. Infectious diseases in post-trial detention and comparisons with pre-trial detention: A study in Geneva, Switzerland. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:521-526. [PMID: 31780249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence rates of infectious diseases in post-trial prisons have been scarcely investigated. Due to the specific characteristics of these prison populations, these prevalence rates may differ from pre-trial prisons and more information is needed for developing adequate prevention and treatment interventions. This study compared prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), susceptibility to varicella zoster virus (VZV) and measles in pre- and post-trial detention. METHODS Data were collected in Geneva post-trial prisons among males (n=250), including serological tests, demographics, and risk factors, and were compared to those of the Geneva pre-trial prison (n=273). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Incarcerated men in post-trial detention shared a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases compared to community (chronic HBV: 5.9%, HVC: 2.8%, susceptibility to VZV: 5.9%, to measles: 4.7%). Susceptibility to VZV and prevalence rate of HCV were lower in post-trial prisons (p=.034 and p=.080). Prevalence rates of infectious diseases in prison should be interpreted in light of the prison population's characteristics. Screening and treatment should be promoted in all types of prison settings. Since overcrowding and turnover of pre-trial prisons restrict the access to screening, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, interventions are crucial in post-trial prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Komal Chacowry Pala
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Pierre Rieder
- Centre médical Rue de Lausanne, groupe Magellan, rue de Lausanne 80, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, 15 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Hans Wolff
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Gétaz
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Chemin du Petit Bel Air 2, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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34
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Haber LA, Erickson HP, Ranji SR, Ortiz GM, Pratt LA. Acute Care for Patients Who Are Incarcerated: A Review. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1561-1567. [PMID: 31524937 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The United States has the world's highest rate of incarceration. Clinicians practicing outside of correctional facilities receive little dedicated training in the care of patients who are incarcerated, are unaware of guidelines for the treatment of patients in custody, and practice in health care systems with varying policies toward these patients. This review considers legal precedents for care of individuals who are incarcerated, frequently encountered terminology, characteristics of hospitalized incarcerated patients, considerations for clinical management, and challenges during transitions of care. OBSERVATIONS The Eighth Amendment of the US Constitution mandates basic health care for incarcerated individuals within or outside of dedicated correctional facilities. Incarcerated patients in the acute hospital setting are predominantly young men who have received trauma-related admitting diagnoses. Hospital practices pertaining to privacy, physical restraint, discharge counseling, and surrogate decision-making are affected by a patient's incarcerated status under state or federal law, institutional policy, and individual health care professional practice. Transitions of care necessitate consideration of the disparate medical resources of correctional facilities as well as awareness of transitions unique to incarcerated individuals, such as compassionate release. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Patients who are incarcerated have a protected right to health care but may experience exceptions to physical comfort, health privacy, and informed decision-making in the acute care setting. Research on the management of issues associated with hospitalized incarcerated patients is limited and primarily focuses on the care of pregnant women, a small portion of all hospitalized incarcerated individuals. Clinicians and health care facilities should work toward creating evidence-based and legally supported guidelines for the care of incarcerated individuals in the acute care setting that balance the rights of the patient, responsibilities of the clinician, and safety mandates of the institution and law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Haber
- Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Hans P Erickson
- Office of the Federal Public Defender, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sumant R Ranji
- Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Gabriel M Ortiz
- Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lisa A Pratt
- Jail Health Services, Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California
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35
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Oladeru OT, Perni S, Williams B. Improving care for the overlooked in oncology: incarcerated patients. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:1342-1344. [PMID: 31578989 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadamilola T Oladeru
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Subha Perni
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brie Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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36
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Jimenez N, Tran NT, Poletti PA, Platon A, Meach F, Juillerat A, Getaz L, Wolff H. Case Report: Don't chew the fufu: a case report of suspected drug body stuffing. F1000Res 2019; 8:1156. [PMID: 33633839 PMCID: PMC7901499 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19966.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intrabody concealment of illicit substances is a common practice in the trafficking chain. Body packing is a technique used in drug trafficking that consists of deliberately ingesting many drug pellets. Body stuffing consists of precipitously swallowing packets of substances, which are smaller and more fragile than body-packing pellets, for concealment from law-enforcement officers in anticipation of impending search or arrest. Therefore, body stuffing is particularly dangerous due to the rupture risk of the loosely wrapped drug packets, which could lead to substance intoxication or even death. Case presentation: This article reports the case of a young man who was taken by law enforcement authorities to our Emergency Department for investigation of suspected body stuffing. Although the patient denied the facts, the initial reading of the computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of multiple images compatible with drug pellets, which were mostly in the stomach. The pellet findings were more consistent with body packing than body stuffing as initially suspected by the police. However, upon admission to our secured inpatient ward for clinical surveillance of pellet evacuation, the patient denied again having ingested such pellets, and declared that he only ate 'fufu'. Fufu is a traditional food of central and western Africa consisting of a starchy preparation compacted by hand into small balls. Fufu balls are usually swallowed without chewing to allow a sensation of stomach fullness throughout the day. Considering the fufu intake history, a careful reassessment of the imaging confirmed the presence of food content. Conclusions: This case study offers an example of suspected intrabody concealment of illicit substances, which turned out to be false positive due to fufu. It illustrates the importance of a history of food intake that could bias the interpretation of CT scan images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naya Jimenez
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Division of Prison Health, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland.,Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra Platon
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Meach
- Division of Prison Health, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - André Juillerat
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Getaz
- Division of Prison Health, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Hans Wolff
- Division of Prison Health, Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
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