1
|
Fernández-Gómez B, Marchena MA, Piñeiro D, Gómez-Martín P, Sánchez E, Laó Y, Valencia G, Nocera S, Benítez-Fernández R, Castaño-León AM, Lagares A, Hernández-Jiménez M, de Castro F. ApTOLL: A new therapeutic aptamer for cytoprotection and (re)myelination after multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38742374 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ApTOLL is an aptamer selected to antagonize toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a relevant actor for innate immunity involved in inflammatory responses in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other diseases. The currently available therapeutic arsenal to treat MS is composed of immunomodulators but, to date, there are no (re)myelinating drugs available in clinics. In our present study, we studied the effect of ApTOLL on different animal models of MS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used to evaluate the effect of ApTOLL on reducing the inflammatory component. A more direct effect on oligodendroglia was studied with the cuprizone model and purified primary cultures of murine and human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) isolated through magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) from samples of brain cortex. Also, we tested these effects in an ex vivo model of organotypic cultures demyelinated with lysolecithin (LPC). KEY RESULTS ApTOLL treatment positively impacted the clinical symptomatology of mice in the EAE and cuprizone models, which was associated with better preservation plus restoration of myelin and oligodendrocytes in the demyelinated lesions of animals. Restoration was corroborated on purified cultures of rodent and human OPCs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings reveal a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases such as MS. The molecular nature of the aptamer exerts not only an anti-inflammatory effect but also neuroprotective and remyelinating effects. The excellent safety profile demonstrated by ApTOLL in animals and humans opens the door to future clinical trials in MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Gómez
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- AptaTargets SL, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfonso Lagares
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Hernández-Jiménez
- AptaTargets SL, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Bella DJ, Domínguez-Iturza N, Brown JR, Arlotta P. Making Ramón y Cajal proud: Development of cell identity and diversity in the cerebral cortex. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00282-4. [PMID: 38754415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the beautiful images of Santiago Ramón y Cajal provided a first glimpse into the immense diversity and complexity of cell types found in the cerebral cortex, neuroscience has been challenged and inspired to understand how these diverse cells are generated and how they interact with each other to orchestrate the development of this remarkable tissue. Some fundamental questions drive the field's quest to understand cortical development: what are the mechanistic principles that govern the emergence of neuronal diversity? How do extrinsic and intrinsic signals integrate with physical forces and activity to shape cell identity? How do the diverse populations of neurons and glia influence each other during development to guarantee proper integration and function? The advent of powerful new technologies to profile and perturb cortical development at unprecedented resolution and across a variety of modalities has offered a new opportunity to integrate past knowledge with brand new data. Here, we review some of this progress using cortical excitatory projection neurons as a system to draw out general principles of cell diversification and the role of cell-cell interactions during cortical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Di Bella
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Nuria Domínguez-Iturza
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Juliana R Brown
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thornton MA, Futia GL, Stockton ME, Budoff SA, Ramirez AN, Ozbay B, Tzang O, Kilborn K, Poleg-Polsky A, Restrepo D, Gibson EA, Hughes EG. Long-term in vivo three-photon imaging reveals region-specific differences in healthy and regenerative oligodendrogenesis. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:846-861. [PMID: 38539013 PMCID: PMC11104262 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The generation of new myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the adult central nervous system is critical for cognitive function and regeneration following injury. Oligodendrogenesis varies between gray and white matter regions, suggesting that local cues drive regional differences in myelination and the capacity for regeneration. However, the layer- and region-specific regulation of oligodendrocyte populations is unclear due to the inability to monitor deep brain structures in vivo. Here we harnessed the superior imaging depth of three-photon microscopy to permit long-term, longitudinal in vivo three-photon imaging of the entire cortical column and subcortical white matter in adult mice. We find that cortical oligodendrocyte populations expand at a higher rate in the adult brain than those of the white matter. Following demyelination, oligodendrocyte replacement is enhanced in the white matter, while the deep cortical layers show deficits in regenerative oligodendrogenesis and the restoration of transcriptional heterogeneity. Together, our findings demonstrate that regional microenvironments regulate oligodendrocyte population dynamics and heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Thornton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gregory L Futia
- Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael E Stockton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samuel A Budoff
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra N Ramirez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Baris Ozbay
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Omer Tzang
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Karl Kilborn
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alon Poleg-Polsky
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily A Gibson
- Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ozkan A, Padmanabhan HK, Shipman SL, Azim E, Kumar P, Sadegh C, Basak AN, Macklis JD. Directed differentiation of functional corticospinal-like neurons from endogenous SOX6+/NG2+ cortical progenitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.21.590488. [PMID: 38712174 PMCID: PMC11071355 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.21.590488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Corticospinal neurons (CSN) centrally degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), along with spinal motor neurons, and loss of voluntary motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI) results from damage to CSN axons. For functional regeneration of specifically affected neuronal circuitry in vivo , or for optimally informative disease modeling and/or therapeutic screening in vitro , it is important to reproduce the type or subtype of neurons involved. No such appropriate in vitro models exist with which to investigate CSN selective vulnerability and degeneration in ALS, or to investigate routes to regeneration of CSN circuitry for ALS or SCI, critically limiting the relevance of much research. Here, we identify that the HMG-domain transcription factor Sox6 is expressed by a subset of NG2+ endogenous cortical progenitors in postnatal and adult cortex, and that Sox6 suppresses a latent neurogenic program by repressing inappropriate proneural Neurog2 expression by progenitors. We FACS-purify these genetically accessible progenitors from postnatal mouse cortex and establish a pure culture system to investigate their potential for directed differentiation into CSN. We then employ a multi-component construct with complementary and differentiation-sharpening transcriptional controls (activating Neurog2, Fezf2 , while antagonizing Olig2 with VP16:Olig2 ). We generate corticospinal-like neurons from SOX6+/NG2+ cortical progenitors, and find that these neurons differentiate with remarkable fidelity compared with corticospinal neurons in vivo . They possess appropriate morphological, molecular, transcriptomic, and electrophysiological characteristics, without characteristics of the alternate intracortical or other neuronal subtypes. We identify that these critical specifics of differentiation are not reproduced by commonly employed Neurog2 -driven differentiation. Neurons induced by Neurog2 instead exhibit aberrant multi-axon morphology and express molecular hallmarks of alternate cortical projection subtypes, often in mixed form. Together, this developmentally-based directed differentiation from genetically accessible cortical progenitors sets a precedent and foundation for in vitro mechanistic and therapeutic disease modeling, and toward regenerative neuronal repopulation and circuit repair.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kukanja P, Langseth CM, Rubio Rodríguez-Kirby LA, Agirre E, Zheng C, Raman A, Yokota C, Avenel C, Tiklová K, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Olsson T, Hilscher MM, Nilsson M, Castelo-Branco G. Cellular architecture of evolving neuroinflammatory lesions and multiple sclerosis pathology. Cell 2024; 187:1990-2009.e19. [PMID: 38513664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease characterized by multifocal lesions and smoldering pathology. Although single-cell analyses provided insights into cytopathology, evolving cellular processes underlying MS remain poorly understood. We investigated the cellular dynamics of MS by modeling temporal and regional rates of disease progression in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). By performing single-cell spatial expression profiling using in situ sequencing (ISS), we annotated disease neighborhoods and found centrifugal evolution of active lesions. We demonstrated that disease-associated (DA)-glia arise independently of lesions and are dynamically induced and resolved over the disease course. Single-cell spatial mapping of human archival MS spinal cords confirmed the differential distribution of homeostatic and DA-glia, enabled deconvolution of active and inactive lesions into sub-compartments, and identified new lesion areas. By establishing a spatial resource of mouse and human MS neuropathology at a single-cell resolution, our study unveils the intricate cellular dynamics underlying MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kukanja
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christoffer M Langseth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, 17154 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Leslie A Rubio Rodríguez-Kirby
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eneritz Agirre
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chao Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amitha Raman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, 17154 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chika Yokota
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, 17154 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christophe Avenel
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; BioImage Informatics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tiklová
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, 17154 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André O Guerreiro-Cacais
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Solna, Sweden
| | - Markus M Hilscher
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, 17154 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, 17154 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Redmer T, Schumann E, Peters K, Weidemeier ME, Nowak S, Schroeder HWS, Vidal A, Radbruch H, Lehmann A, Kreuzer-Redmer S, Jürchott K, Radke J. MET receptor serves as a promising target in melanoma brain metastases. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:44. [PMID: 38386085 PMCID: PMC10884227 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of brain metastases hallmarks disease progression in 20-40% of melanoma patients and is a serious obstacle to therapy. Understanding the processes involved in the development and maintenance of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) is critical for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we generated transcriptome and methylome profiles of MBM showing high or low abundance of infiltrated Iba1high tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs). Our survey identified potential prognostic markers of favorable disease course and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICi) therapy, among them APBB1IP and the interferon-responsive gene ITGB7. In MBM with high ITGB7/APBB1IP levels, the accumulation of TAMs correlated significantly with the immune score. Signature-based deconvolution of MBM via single sample GSEA revealed enrichment of interferon-response and immune signatures and revealed inflammation, stress and MET receptor signaling. MET receptor phosphorylation/activation maybe elicited by inflammatory processes in brain metastatic melanoma cells via stroma cell-released HGF. We found phospho-METY1234/1235 in a subset of MBM and observed a marked response of brain metastasis-derived cell lines (BMCs) that lacked druggable BRAF mutations or developed resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in vivo to MET inhibitors PHA-665752 and ARQ197 (tivantinib). In summary, the activation of MET receptor in brain colonizing melanoma cells by stromal cell-released HGF may promote tumor self-maintenance and expansion and might counteract ICi therapy. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of MET possibly serves as a promising strategy to control intracranial progressive disease and improve patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Redmer
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Pathology, Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisa Schumann
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Peters
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin E Weidemeier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Nowak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Vidal
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kent SA, Miron VE. Microglia regulation of central nervous system myelin health and regeneration. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:49-63. [PMID: 37452201 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system that have key functions in its development, homeostasis and response to damage and infection. Although microglia have been increasingly implicated in contributing to the pathology that underpins neurological dysfunction and disease, they also have crucial roles in neurological homeostasis and regeneration. This includes regulation of the maintenance and regeneration of myelin, the membrane that surrounds neuronal axons, which is required for axonal health and function. Myelin is damaged with normal ageing and in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Given the lack of approved therapies targeting myelin maintenance or regeneration, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which microglia support and restore myelin health to identify potential therapeutic approaches. However, the mechanisms by which microglia regulate myelin loss or integrity are still being uncovered. In this Review, we discuss recent work that reveals the changes in white matter with ageing and neurodegenerative disease, how this relates to microglia dynamics during myelin damage and regeneration, and factors that influence the regenerative functions of microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Kent
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thornton MA, Futia GL, Stockton ME, Budoff SA, Ramirez AN, Ozbay B, Tzang O, Kilborn K, Poleg-Polsky A, Restrepo D, Gibson EA, Hughes EG. Long-term in vivo three-photon imaging reveals region-specific differences in healthy and regenerative oligodendrogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.29.564636. [PMID: 37961298 PMCID: PMC10634963 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.29.564636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The generation of new myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the adult CNS is critical for cognitive function and regeneration following injury. Oligodendrogenesis varies between gray and white matter regions suggesting that local cues drive regional differences in myelination and the capacity for regeneration. Yet, the determination of regional variability in oligodendrocyte cell behavior is limited by the inability to monitor the dynamics of oligodendrocytes and their transcriptional subpopulations in white matter of the living brain. Here, we harnessed the superior imaging depth of three-photon microscopy to permit long-term, longitudinal in vivo three-photon imaging of an entire cortical column and underlying subcortical white matter without cellular damage or reactivity. Using this approach, we found that the white matter generated substantially more new oligodendrocytes per volume compared to the gray matter, yet the rate of population growth was proportionally higher in the gray matter. Following demyelination, the white matter had an enhanced population growth that resulted in higher oligodendrocyte replacement compared to the gray matter. Finally, deep cortical layers had pronounced deficits in regenerative oligodendrogenesis and restoration of the MOL5/6-positive oligodendrocyte subpopulation following demyelinating injury. Together, our findings demonstrate that regional microenvironments regulate oligodendrocyte population dynamics and heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Thornton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Michael E. Stockton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Samuel A. Budoff
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Alexandra N Ramirez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Baris Ozbay
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations (3i), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Omer Tzang
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations (3i), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Karl Kilborn
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations (3i), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alon Poleg-Polsky
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Emily A. Gibson
- Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Ethan G. Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Magoulopoulou A, Salas SM, Tiklová K, Samuelsson ER, Hilscher MM, Nilsson M. Padlock Probe-Based Targeted In Situ Sequencing: Overview of Methods and Applications. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2023; 24:133-150. [PMID: 37018847 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-102722-092013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating spatiotemporal changes in gene expression has been an essential goal in studies of health, development, and disease. In the emerging field of spatially resolved transcriptomics, gene expression profiles are acquired with the tissue architecture maintained, sometimes at cellular resolution. This has allowed for the development of spatial cell atlases, studies of cell-cell interactions, and in situ cell typing. In this review, we focus on padlock probe-based in situ sequencing, which is a targeted spatially resolved transcriptomic method. We summarize recent methodological and computational tool developments and discuss key applications. We also discuss compatibility with other methods and integration with multiomic platforms for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Magoulopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; , , , , ,
| | - Sergio Marco Salas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; , , , , ,
| | - Katarína Tiklová
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; , , , , ,
| | - Erik Reinhold Samuelsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; , , , , ,
| | - Markus M Hilscher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; , , , , ,
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden; , , , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mihailova V, Stoyanova II, Tonchev AB. Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2332. [PMID: 37760773 PMCID: PMC10525766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in glial cells in the central nervous system due to their important role in maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding their capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects under different pathological conditions. In combination with their proliferative potential, they contribute not only to the limitation of brain damage and tissue remodeling but also to neuronal repair and synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive glial cells can modulate the processes of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and migration of neurons in the existing neural circuits in the adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, the regulation of sequential processes in adult neurogenesis holds the potential to unlock strategies that can stimulate the generation of functional neurons, whether in response to injury or as a means of addressing degenerative neurological conditions. Cerebral ischemic stroke, a condition falling within the realm of acute vascular disorders affecting the circulation in the brain, stands as a prominent global cause of disability and mortality. Extensive investigations into glial plasticity and their intricate interactions with other cells in the central nervous system have predominantly relied on studies conducted on experimental animals, including rodents and primates. However, valuable insights have also been gleaned from in vivo studies involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following the attempts to map brain cells, the role of various transcription factors in modulating gene expression in response to cerebral ischemia is gaining increasing popularity. Although the results obtained thus far remain incomplete and occasionally ambiguous, they serve as a solid foundation for the development of strategies aimed at influencing the recovery process after ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mihailova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (I.I.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sallinger K, Gruber M, Müller CT, Bonstingl L, Pritz E, Pankratz K, Gerger A, Smolle MA, Aigelsreiter A, Surova O, Svedlund J, Nilsson M, Kroneis T, El-Heliebi A. Spatial tumour gene signature discriminates neoplastic from non-neoplastic compartments in colon cancer: unravelling predictive biomarkers for relapse. J Transl Med 2023; 21:528. [PMID: 37543577 PMCID: PMC10403907 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opting for or against the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy in therapeutic management of stage II colon cancer remains challenging. Several studies report few survival benefits for patients treated with adjuvant therapy and additionally revealing potential side effects of overtreatment, including unnecessary exposure to chemotherapy-induced toxicities and reduced quality of life. Predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. We, therefore, hypothesise that the spatial tissue composition of relapsed and non-relapsed colon cancer stage II patients reveals relevant biomarkers. METHODS The spatial tissue composition of stage II colon cancer patients was examined by a novel spatial transcriptomics technology with sub-cellular resolution, namely in situ sequencing. A panel of 176 genes investigating specific cancer-associated processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, stemness, oxidative stress, hypoxia, invasion and components of the tumour microenvironment was designed to examine differentially expressed genes in tissue of relapsed versus non-relapsed patients. Therefore, FFPE slides of 10 colon cancer stage II patients either classified as relapsed (5 patients) or non-relapsed (5 patients) were in situ sequenced and computationally analysed. RESULTS We identified a tumour gene signature that enables the subclassification of tissue into neoplastic and non-neoplastic compartments based on spatial expression patterns obtained through in situ sequencing. We developed a computational tool called Genes-To-Count (GTC), which automates the quantification of in situ signals, accurately mapping their position onto the spatial tissue map and automatically identifies neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue compartments. The GTC tool was used to quantify gene expression of biological processes upregulated within the neoplastic tissue in comparison to non-neoplastic tissue and within relapsed versus non-relapsed stage II colon patients. Three differentially expressed genes (FGFR2, MMP11 and OTOP2) in the neoplastic tissue compartments of relapsed patients in comparison to non-relapsed patients were identified predicting recurrence in stage II colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS In depth spatial in situ sequencing showed potential to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the recurrence of disease and revealed novel potential predictive biomarkers for disease relapse in colon cancer stage II patients. Our open-access GTC-tool allowed us to accurately capture the tumour compartment and quantify spatial gene expression in colon cancer tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Sallinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Gruber
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christin-Therese Müller
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lilli Bonstingl
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Pritz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Pankratz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Anna Smolle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ariane Aigelsreiter
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olga Surova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jessica Svedlund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
- 10x Genomics, Life City, Solnavägen 3H, 113 63, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Amin El-Heliebi
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria.
- Biotechmed, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Delfino G, Bénardais K, Graff J, Samama B, Antal MC, Ghandour MS, Boehm N. Oligodendroglial primary cilium heterogeneity during development and demyelination/remyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1049468. [PMID: 36505511 PMCID: PMC9729284 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1049468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium (PC) has emerged as an indispensable cellular antenna essential for signal transduction of important cell signaling pathways. The rapid acquisition of knowledge about PC biology has raised attention to PC as a therapeutic target in some neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, the role of PC in oligodendrocytes and its participation in myelination/remyelination remain poorly understood. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes during central nervous system (CNS) development. In adult, a small percentage of OPCs remains as undifferentiated cells located sparsely in the different regions of the CNS. These cells can regenerate oligodendrocytes and participate to certain extent in remyelination. This study aims characterize PC in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during post-natal development and in a mouse model of demyelination/remyelination. We show heterogeneity in the frequency of cilium presence on OPCs, depending on culture conditions in vitro and cerebral regions in vivo during development and demyelination/remyelination. In vitro, Lithium chloride (LiCl), Forskolin and Chloral Hydrate differentially affect cilium, depending on culture environment and PC length correlates with the cell differentiation state. Beside the role of PC as a keeper of cell proliferation, our results suggest its involvement in myelination/remyelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Delfino
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,*Correspondence: Giada Delfino,
| | - Karelle Bénardais
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Graff
- Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Samama
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Cristina Antal
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Said Ghandour
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Boehm
- ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Team IMIS, Strasbourg, France,Institut d’Histologie, Service Central de Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valihrach L, Matusova Z, Zucha D, Klassen R, Benesova S, Abaffy P, Kubista M, Anderova M. Recent advances in deciphering oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with single-cell transcriptomics. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1025012. [PMID: 36313617 PMCID: PMC9606807 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1025012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OL) have been for decades considered a passive, homogenous population of cells that provide support to neurons, and show a limited response to pathological stimuli. This view has been dramatically changed by the introduction of powerful transcriptomic methods that have uncovered a broad spectrum of OL populations that co-exist within the healthy central nervous system (CNS) and also across a variety of diseases. Specifically, single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq, snRNA-seq) have been used to reveal OL variations in maturation, myelination and immune status. The newly discovered immunomodulatory role suggests that OL may serve as targets for future therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of OL heterogeneity in mammalian CNS as revealed by scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq. We provide a list of key studies that identify consensus marker genes defining the currently known OL populations. This resource can be used to standardize analysis of OL related datasets and improve their interpretation, ultimately leading to a better understanding of OL functions in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Valihrach
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Lukas Valihrach,
| | - Zuzana Matusova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Zucha
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ruslan Klassen
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sarka Benesova
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Mikael Kubista
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
- TATAA Biocenter AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Miroslava Anderova,
| |
Collapse
|