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de Souza RP, Mousquer MA, Müller V, Barbosa JCR, Leite FPL, Guedes RMC, Curcio BDR, Nogueira CEW. High Seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in Thoroughbred Farms in Southern Brazil. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 128:104890. [PMID: 37423472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to carry out a serological survey to identify the seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis in six Thoroughbred farms in the Southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. During 2019 and 2020, blood samples from 686 Thoroughbred horses were obtained from six different breeding farms. Horses were divided into groups according to age: (1) broodmares (>5 years), (2) two-year-old foals, (3) yearlings, and (4) 0-6 months-old foals. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the external jugular vein. The detection of antibodies (IgG) against L. intracellularis was performed by Immunoperoxidase Monolayer Assay. The detection of specific antibodies (IgG) against L. intracellularis in the evaluated population was 51%. The highest detection (86.8%) of IgG was in the broodmares category, while the lowest (5.2%) was in foals of 0-6 months of age. Regarding the farms, the Farm 1 had the highest (67.4%) prevalence of seropositivity against L. intracellularis, while Farm 4 had the lowest (30.6%). There was no record of clinical manifestation of Equine Proliferative Enteropathy in the sampled animals. The results of this study show the high seroprevalence of L. intracellularis in Thoroughbred farms in the Southern of Rio Grande do Sul, suggesting a large and continuous exposure to the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela P de Souza
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Mariana A Mousquer
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vitória Müller
- Center for Technological Development, Biotecnology, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Carolina Reis Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
- Center for Technological Development, Biotecnology, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberto Maurício C Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Rosa Curcio
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos E W Nogueira
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, UFPel, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Niwa H, Higuchi T, Fujii S, Kinoshita Y, Uchida-Fujii E, Sueyoshi M, Nukada T, Ueno T. Prevalence of equine proliferative enteropathy in Hidaka district, Hokkaido, over five seasons. J Equine Sci 2022; 33:71-74. [PMID: 36699202 PMCID: PMC9843160 DOI: 10.1294/jes.33.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) is an equine infectious disease that can lead to severe weight loss and hyperplasia of the intestinal mucosa due to infection with Lawsonia intracellularis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of EPE in a major Thoroughbred breeding area: Hidaka district, Hokkaido, Japan. Of the 252 symptomatic horses that we tested, 192 EPE cases (76.2%), including 8 fatal cases, were confirmed from April 2015 to March 2020 by etiological and/or serological investigation. Most of the EPE cases were observed in foals (88.5%), with fewer cases in yearlings (7.3%) and adults (4.2%). Asymptomatic infection was observed in 62.9% of the horses kept with affected horses. These results suggest that EPE is an enzootic disease in Hidaka district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Niwa
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Toru Higuchi
- Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Hokkaido 053-0021, Japan
| | - Seiichi Fujii
- Hokkaido Hidaka Livestock Hygiene Service Centre, Hokkaido 056-0003, Japan
| | - Yuta Kinoshita
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Eri Uchida-Fujii
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Toshio Nukada
- Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Shiga, 520-3005, Japan
| | - Takanori Ueno
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
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Campillo M, Smith SH, Gally DL, Opriessnig T. Review of methods for the detection of Lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:621-631. [PMID: 33739176 PMCID: PMC8225690 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium
associated with enteric disease in pigs. Clinical signs include weight loss,
diarrhea, and, in some cases, sudden death. The hallmark lesion is the
thickening of the intestinal mucosa caused by increased epithelial cell
replication, known as proliferative enteropathy. The immune response to
L. intracellularis is not well defined, and detection of
the infection, especially in the early stages, is still a significant challenge.
We review here the main approaches used to identify this important but poorly
understood pathogen. Detection of L. intracellularis infection
as the cause of clinical disease is confounded by the high prevalence of the
pathogen in many countries and that several other pathogens can produce similar
clinical signs. A single L. intracellularis–specific ELISA and
several amplification assays are available commercially to aid detection and
surveillance, although histopathology remains the primary way to reach a
conclusive diagnosis. There are major gaps in our understanding of L.
intracellularis pathogenesis, especially how the host responds to
infection and the factors that drive infection toward different clinical
outcomes. Knowledge of pathogenesis will increase the predictive value of
antemortem tests to guide appropriate interventions, including identification
and treatment of subclinically affected pigs in the early stages of disease,
given that this important manifestation reduces pig productivity and contributes
to the economic burden of L. intracellularis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Campillo
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Sionagh H Smith
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - David L Gally
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK
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Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Uchida-Fujii E, Nukada T. Genotyping of Equine Lawsonia intracellularis Sampled in Japan by Using Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 96:103311. [PMID: 33349398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of equine proliferative enteropathy, caused by Lawsonia intracellularis, is increasing around the world. To investigate the relationships of variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) patterns with host species and clinical status in horses, multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA) was applied to 98 L. intracellularis samples collected from horses, seven from pigs, seven from wildlife, one vaccine strain, and 17 public strains. The VNTR patterns were highly diverse: a total of 130 samples identified 99 distinct patterns, and the 98 horses were classified into 71 different patterns. A phylogenetic tree based on the MLVA showed three clusters: porcine, equine, and miscellaneous cluster. The equine cluster contained 46 horse samples, of which 42 (91.3%) were collected from two sampling areas. The MLVA could discriminate horse samples from pig, but the horse samples in the miscellaneous cluster could not be distinguished from wildlife samples. As for clinical data of the horses, the VNTR patterns were unrelated to horse age, clinical signs, and clinical outcomes. This study shows that VNTR patterns had no clear connection with equine clinical status, but the MLVA could be useful to investigate its epidemiological relationships, and interspecific transmission of L. intracellularis between horse and wildlife cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kinoshita
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Niwa
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eri Uchida-Fujii
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshio Nukada
- Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan
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Resende TP, Medida RL, Guo Y, Vannucci FA, Saqui-Salces M, Gebhart C. Evaluation of mouse enteroids as a model for Lawsonia intracellularis infection. Vet Res 2019; 50:57. [PMID: 31324204 PMCID: PMC6642515 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is an important enteric pathogen in pig herds and horse farms worldwide. The hallmark feature of L. intracellularis infection is the proliferation of epithelial cells in intestinal crypts. A major limitation to the study of L. intracellularis infection is the lack of an in vitro model that reproduces the changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Here we investigated the suitability of mouse enteroids as a model to study L. intracellularis infection. Mouse enteroids were microinjected with L. intracellularis, filter-sterilized L. intracellularis culture supernatant, or sterile cell culture media (DMEM). L. intracellularis antigen was detected in mouse enteroids by immunohistochemistry and was located mostly in the basal region of the epithelium. There was no differential growth of enteroids among treatment groups, and cellular proliferation was not increased in L. intracellularis-infected enteroids in relation to non-infected enteroids based on immunofluorescence staining. L. intracellularis infection did not induce changes in gene expression of Ki-67 (proliferation marker), Sox9 (marker for transit amplifying cells) and Muc2 (marker for goblet cells). These results indicate that although L. intracellularis antigen is detectable in mouse enteroids, indicating susceptibility to infection, mouse enteroids fail to replicate the cellular proliferation and gene expression changes observed in proliferative enteropathy. Nevertheless, we have successfully demonstrated that mouse enteroids can be used to model days-long intracellular pathogen infection, serving as potential models for the study of other pathogens of interest in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Pilar Resende
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Ramya Lekha Medida
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Fabio A Vannucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Milena Saqui-Salces
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Connie Gebhart
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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