1
|
Kim HR, Kim JM, Baek JS, Park J, Kim WI, Ku BK, Jeoung HY, Lee KK, Park CK. An Advanced Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid and Reliable Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Internal Positive Control. Viruses 2023; 15:2204. [PMID: 38005882 PMCID: PMC10674262 DOI: 10.3390/v15112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For rapid and reliable detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) from pig clinical samples, a multiplex, real-time, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mqRT-LAMP) was developed using two sets of primers and assimilating probes specific to the PEDV N gene and the Sus scrofa β-actin gene, which was used as an endogenous internal positive control (EIPC) to avoid false-negative results. The assay specifically amplified both target genes of PEDV and EIPC in a single reaction without any interference but did not amplify other porcine viral nucleic acids. The limit of detection was 10 copies/μL, 100-fold lower than that of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and equivalent to that of quantitative/real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). This assay has high repeatability and reproducibility with coefficients of variation < 4.0%. The positive signal of the mqRT-LAMP assay was generated within 25 min, demonstrating advantages in rapid detection of PEDV over RT-PCR or qRT-PCR assay, which require at least 2 h turnaround times. In clinical evaluation, the detection rate of PEDV by mqRT-LAMP assay (77.3%) was higher than that of RT-PCR assay (69.7%), and comparable to qRT-PCR (76.8%) with almost 100% concordance (kappa value 0.98). The developed mqRT-LAMP assay can serve as an advanced alternative method for PEDV diagnosis because it has high sensitivity and specificity, rapidity, and reliability even in resource-limited laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.K.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-S.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.K.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-S.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Ji-Su Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.K.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-S.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jonghyun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.K.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-S.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bok Kyung Ku
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.K.K.); (H.-Y.J.); (K.-K.L.)
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.K.K.); (H.-Y.J.); (K.-K.L.)
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (B.K.K.); (H.-Y.J.); (K.-K.L.)
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.K.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-S.B.); (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Flores-Contreras EA, Carrasco-González JA, Linhares DCL, Corzo CA, Campos-Villalobos JI, Henao-Díaz A, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, González-González RB, Parra-Saldívar R, González-González E. Emergent Molecular Techniques Applied to the Detection of Porcine Viruses. Vet Sci 2023; 10:609. [PMID: 37888561 PMCID: PMC10610968 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostic tests have evolved very rapidly in the field of human health, especially with the arrival of the recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the animal sector is constantly neglected, even though accurate detection by molecular tools could represent economic advantages by preventing the spread of viruses. In this regard, the swine industry is of great interest. The main viruses that affect the swine industry are described in this review, including African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine circovirus (PCV), which have been effectively detected by different molecular tools in recent times. Here, we describe the rationale of molecular techniques such as multiplex PCR, isothermal methods (LAMP, NASBA, RPA, and PSR) and novel methods such as CRISPR-Cas and microfluidics platforms. Successful molecular diagnostic developments are presented by highlighting their most important findings. Finally, we describe the barriers that hinder the large-scale development of affordable, accessible, rapid, and easy-to-use molecular diagnostic tests. The evolution of diagnostic techniques is critical to prevent the spread of viruses and the development of viral reservoirs in the swine industry that impact the possible development of future pandemics and the world economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elda A. Flores-Contreras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Cesar A. Corzo
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA;
| | | | | | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Everardo González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (E.A.F.-C.); (E.M.M.-M.); (H.M.N.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong Y, Ma B, Li J, Shuai J, Zhang X, Xu H, Zhang M. Triplex-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with a Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Simultaneous Detection of Three Pathogens of Porcine Viral Diarrhea Syndrome in Swine. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1910. [PMID: 37370420 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine bocavirus (PBoV), and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) are associated with porcine viral diarrhea. In this study, triplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was established for the simultaneous detection of PEDV, PoRV, and PBoV. The PEDV-gp6, PoRV-vp6, and PBoV-vp1 genes were selected to design LAMP primers. The amplification could be carried out at 64 °C using a miniature metal bath within 30 min. The triplex LAMP-LFD assay exhibited no cross-reactions with other porcine pathogens. The limits of detection (LODs) of PEDV, PoRV, and PBoV were 2.40 × 101 copies/μL, 2.89 × 101 copies/μL, and 2.52 × 101 copies/μL, respectively. The consistency between rt-qPCR and the triplex LAMP-LFD was over 99% in field samples testing. In general, the triplex LAMP-LFD assay was suitable for the rapid and simultaneous detection of the three viruses in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Hangzhou Quickgene Sci-Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiangbing Shuai
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hanyue Xu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingzhou Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Visual and Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192712. [PMID: 36230453 PMCID: PMC9558507 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) can cause severe infectious porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and infect different ages of pigs, resulting in sickness and death among suckling pigs. For PEDV detection, finding an effective and rapid method is a priority. In this study, we established an effective reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for PEDV detection. Three sets of primers, specific for eight different sequences of the PEDV N gene, were designed in this study. The optimized RT-LAMP amplification program was as follows: 59 min at 61.9 °C and 3 min at 80 °C. The RT-LAMP results were confirmed with the addition of SYBR Green I fluorescence dye and with the detection of a ladder-like band by conventional gel electrophoresis analysis, which demonstrated a significant agreement between the two methods. The LOD of PEDV by RT-LAMP was 0.0001 ng/μL. Compared with RT-LAMP, the traditional RT-PCR method is 100-fold less sensitive. The RT-LAMP results had no cross-reaction with porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), rotavirus (RV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Consequently, the newly developed RT-LAMP method could provide an accurate and reliable tool for PEDV diagnosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Olech M. Current State of Molecular and Serological Methods for Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101074. [PMID: 36297131 PMCID: PMC9612268 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, is the etiological agent of an acute and devastating enteric disease that causes moderate-to-high mortality in suckling piglets. The accurate and early detection of PEDV infection is essential for the prevention and control of the spread of the disease. Many molecular assays have been developed for the detection of PEDV, including reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays. Additionally, several serological methods have been developed and are widely used for the detection of antibodies against PEDV. Some of them, such as the immunochromatography assay, can generate results very quickly and in field conditions. Molecular assays detect viral RNA in clinical samples rapidly, and with high sensitivity and specificity. Serological assays can determine prior immune exposure to PEDV, can be used to monitor the efficacy of vaccination strategies and may help to predict the duration of immunity in piglets. However, they are less sensitive than nucleic acid-based detection methods. Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) allow the analysis of PEDV cDNA or RNA sequences, and thus, provide highly specific results. Furthermore, NGS based on nonspecific DNA cleavage in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas systems promise major advances in the diagnosis of PEDV infection. The objective of this paper was to summarize the current serological and molecular PEDV assays, highlight their diagnostic performance and emphasize the advantages and drawbacks of the application of individual tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Olech
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li R, Tian X, Pang J, Li L, Yuan J, Tian Z, Wang Z. Point-of-Care Tests for Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071355. [PMID: 35891337 PMCID: PMC9321219 DOI: 10.3390/v14071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The timely and accurate diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is crucial to reduce the risk of viral transmission. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs) for PEDV. Studies published before 7 January 2022 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases, using subject headings or keywords related to point of care and rapid test diagnostic for PEDV and PED. Two investigators independently extracted data, rated risk of bias, and assessed the quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The bivariate model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model were used for performing the meta-analysis. Threshold effect, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were applied to explore heterogeneity. Of the 2908 records identified, 24 eligible studies involving 3264 specimens were enrolled in the meta-analysis, including 11 studies on evaluation of lateral flow immunochromatography assay (ICA)-based, and 13 on nucleic acid isothermal amplification (NAIA)-based POCTs. The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97), 0.96 (95% CI 0.88–0.99) and 480 (95% CI 111–2074), respectively; for ICA-based POCTs and the corresponding values for NAIA-based, POCTs were 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91–0.99) and 1517 (95% CI 290–7943), respectively. The two tests showed highly comparable and satisfactory diagnostic performance in clinical utility. These results support current recommendations for the use of rapid POC tests when PEDV is suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.L.); (J.P.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Junzeng Pang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.L.); (J.P.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Linyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.L.); (J.P.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jiakang Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.L.); (J.P.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhuangzhuang Tian
- School of International Education, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Ziliang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (R.L.); (J.P.); (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Notsu K, El Daous H, Mitoma S, Norimine J, Sekiguchi S. A pooled testing system to rapidly identify cattle carrying the elite controller BoLA-DRB3*009:02 haplotype against bovine leukemia virus infection. HLA 2021; 99:12-24. [PMID: 34837483 PMCID: PMC9543338 DOI: 10.1111/tan.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As genetically resistant individuals, the “elite controllers” (ECs) of human immunodeficiency virus infection have been focused on as the keys to developing further functional treatments in medicine. In the livestock production field, identifying the ECs of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle is desired to stop BLV transmission chains on farms. Cattle carrying the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)‐DRB3*009:02 allele (DRB3*009:02) have a strong possibility of being BLV ECs. Most of cattle carrying this allele maintain undetectable BLV proviral loads and do not shed virus even when infected. BLV ECs can act as transmission barriers when placed between uninfected and infected cattle in a barn. To identify cattle carrying DRB3*009:02 in large populations more easily, we developed a pooled testing system. It employs a highly sensitive, specific real‐time PCR assay and TaqMan MGB probes (DRB3*009:02‐TaqMan assay). Using this system, we determined the percentage of DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle on Kyushu Island, Japan. Our pooled testing system detected cattle carrying the DRB3*009:02 allele from a DNA pool containing one DRB3*009:02‐positive animal and 29 cattle with other alleles. Its capacity is sufficient for herd‐level screening for DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle. The DRB3*009:02‐TaqMan assay showed high‐discriminative sensitivity and specificity toward DRB3*009:02, making it suitable for identifying DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle in post‐screening tests on individuals. We determined that the percentage of DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle in Kyushu Island was 10.56%. With its ease of use and reliable detection, this new method strengthens the laboratory typing for DRB3*009:02‐carrying cattle. Thus, our findings support the use of BLV ECs in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Notsu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hala El Daous
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JK, Kim HR, Kim DY, Kim JM, Kwon NY, Park JH, Park JY, Kim SH, Lee KK, Lee C, Joo HD, Lyoo YS, Park CK. A simple colorimetric detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using hydroxynaphthol blue metal indicator. J Virol Methods 2021; 298:114289. [PMID: 34536488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with visual detection method (vRT-LAMP) assay was developed for rapid and specific detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in this study, which overcomes the shortcomings of previously described RT-LAMP assays that require additional detection steps or pose a risk of cross-contamination. The assay results can be directly detected by the naked eye using hydroxynaphthol blue after incubating for 40 min at 62 °C. The assay specifically amplified PEDV RNA and no other viral nucleic acids. The limit of detection of the assay was less than 50 RNA copies per reaction, which was 100 times more sensitive than conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and comparable to real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR). In the clinical evaluation, the PEDV detection rate of vRT-LAMP was higher than that of RRT-PCR, showing 99 % concordance, with a kappa value (95 % confidence interval) of 0.97 (0.93-1.01). Considering the advantages of high sensitivity and specificity, simple and direct visual monitoring of the results, no possibility for cross-contamination, and being able to be used as low-cost equipment, the developed vRT-LAMP assay will be a valuable tool for detecting PEDV from clinical samples, even in resource-limited laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyeom Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu, 41519, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo-Don Joo
- DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu, 41519, Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin CN, Chan KR, Ooi EE, Chiou MT, Hoang M, Hsueh PR, Ooi PT. Animal Coronavirus Diseases: Parallels with COVID-19 in Humans. Viruses 2021; 13:1507. [PMID: 34452372 PMCID: PMC8402828 DOI: 10.3390/v13081507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus in humans, has expanded globally over the past year. COVID-19 remains an important subject of intensive research owing to its huge impact on economic and public health globally. Based on historical archives, the first coronavirus-related disease recorded was possibly animal-related, a case of feline infectious peritonitis described as early as 1912. Despite over a century of documented coronaviruses in animals, the global animal industry still suffers from outbreaks. Knowledge and experience handling animal coronaviruses provide a valuable tool to complement our understanding of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we present an overview of coronaviruses, clinical signs, COVID-19 in animals, genome organization and recombination, immunopathogenesis, transmission, viral shedding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. By drawing parallels between COVID-19 in animals and humans, we provide perspectives on the pathophysiological mechanisms by which coronaviruses cause diseases in both animals and humans, providing a critical basis for the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics against these deadly viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.R.C.); (E.E.O.)
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.R.C.); (E.E.O.)
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Minh Hoang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Tholoth M, Bai H, Mauk MG, Saif L, Bau HH. A portable, 3D printed, microfluidic device for multiplexed, real time, molecular detection of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine deltacoronavirus at the point of need. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1118-1130. [PMID: 33527920 PMCID: PMC7990716 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) are emerging/reemerging coronaviruses (CoVs) of neonatal pigs that cause great economic losses to pig farms and pork processors. Specific, rapid, and simple multiplex detection of these viruses is critical to enable prompt implementation of appropriate control measures. Conventional methods for molecular diagnosis require skilled personnel and relatively sophisticated equipment, restricting their use in centralized laboratories. We developed a low-cost, rapid, semi-quantitative, field deployable, 3D-printed microfluidic device for auto-distribution of samples and self-sealing and real-time and reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), enabling the co-detection of PEDV, TGEV and PDCoV within 30 minutes. Our assay's analytical performance is comparable with a benchtop, real-time RT-LAMP assay and the gold standard quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay with limits of detection of 10 genomic copies per reaction for PEDV and PDCoV, and 100 genomic copies per reaction for TGEV. Evaluation of clinical specimens from diseased pigs with our microfluidic device revealed excellent concordance with both benchtop RT-LAMP and qRT-PCR. Our portable RT-LAMP microfluidic chip will potentially facilitate simple, specific, rapid multiplexed detection of harmful infections in minimally equipped veterinary diagnostic laboratories and on-site in pigs' farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tholoth
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pooling of Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples To Overcome a Global Shortage of Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR COVID-19 Test Kits. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.01295-20. [PMID: 33500363 PMCID: PMC8092752 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01295-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have created an urgent need for large-scale testing of populations. There is a demand for high-throughput testing protocols that can be used for efficient and rapid testing of clinical specimens. We evaluated a pooled PCR protocol for testing nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs using known positive/negative and untested clinical samples that were assigned to pools of 5 or 10. In total, 630 samples were used in this study. Individual positive samples with cycle threshold (CT ) values as high as 33 could be consistently detected when pooled with 4 negative samples (pool of 5), and individual positive samples with CT values up to 31 could be consistently detected when pooled with 9 negative samples (pool of 10). Pooling of up to 5 samples can be employed in laboratories for the diagnosis of COVID-19 for efficient utilization of resources, rapid screening of a greater number of people, and faster reporting of test results.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li G, Wu M, Li J, Cai W, Xie Y, Si G, Xiao L, Cong F, He D. Rapid detection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using the duplex recombinase polymerase amplification method. J Virol Methods 2021; 292:114096. [PMID: 33600848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) have emerged and spread throughout the porcine industry in many countries and are economically important pathogens causing diarrhea in sows and acute death in newborn piglets. Therefore, a sensitive diagnostic method would be beneficial for the prevention and control of PEDV and PDCoV infection. However, traditional detection methods have a number of drawbacks. This research aimed to establish a rapid detection method of duplex recombinant enzyme-mediated thermostatic amplification (RT-RPA) for PEDV and PDCoV. In this study, eight pairs of primers were designed for each virus according to the conserved domains of both PEDV and PDCoV from the NCBI Genbank, and one pair of primers was selected for each virus following the test results. After optimization of the reaction time, reaction temperature and primer concentration ratio, the duplex RT-RPA assay amplified a 226-bp fragment specifically for PEDV and a 321-bp fragment specifically for PDCoV. Meanwhile, the specificity and sensitivity of the primers and clinical samples were tested to verify the establishment of the RT-RPA method. The sensitivities of the duplex RT-RPA method for PEDV and PDCoV were 1 × 102 copies/μL. The results were consistent with PCR results and showed that a detection method for PEDV and PDCoV duplex RT-RPA was successfully established. In summary, the duplex recombinase polymerase amplification method could offer a promising alternative to the duplex RT-qPCR for detection of PEDV and PDCoV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Miaoli Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiyou Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yongsheng Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangbing Si
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China
| | - Feng Cong
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute and Guangdong, Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510633, China.
| | - Dongsheng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A descriptive survey of porcine epidemic diarrhea in pig populations in northern Vietnam. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3781-3788. [PMID: 33011908 PMCID: PMC7532947 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus (PEDV) is a globally emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus that causes massive economic losses in the swine industry, with high mortality in piglets. In Vietnam, PED first emerged in 2009 and has now developed to an endemic stage. This is the first cross-sectional survey performed to evaluate the proportion of PEDV-positive swine farms in Vietnam from January 2018 to February 2019. Fecal samples from 327 pig farms in northern Vietnam were collected and tested for PEDV infection by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method. The proportion of PEDV-positive farms was 30.9% and PEDV-positive farms were distributed throughout the study area. The highest proportion of PEDV-positive farms was 70% (7/10) among nucleus production type farms (P < 0.05). Higher proportions of PEDV-positive farms were found in the Northeast and Red River Delta areas, which are the major areas of pig production (P < 0.05). The proportion of PEDV-positive farms was higher among larger farms (P < 0.05). Our findings illustrate the high proportion of PEDV-positive farms in the Vietnamese pig population and will help to better understand the epidemiological dynamics of PED infection, to estimate impact, and establish and improve prevention and control measures.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mai TN, Bui TP, Huynh TML, Sasaki Y, Mitoma S, Daous HE, Fahkrajang W, Norimine J, Sekiguchi S. Evaluating the Risk Factors for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection in an Endemic Area of Vietnam. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:433. [PMID: 32851018 PMCID: PMC7403480 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes enteritis, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and high mortality in suckling pigs, threatening the swine industry. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) re-emerged globally in 2013 in many important swine-producing countries in Asia and the Americas. Several studies have identified the risk factors for the spread of PEDV in acute outbreaks. However, limited information is available on the risk factors for the transmission of PEDV in endemic regions. We hypothesized that poor biosecurity, location, and some social or cultural practices are the main risk factors for PEDV transmission in the Vietnamese pig population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risk factors for the transmission of PEDV in an endemic area in Vietnam. In this case–control study, questionnaires containing 51 questions were completed for 92 PEDV-positive and 95 PEDV-negative farms. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors associated with PEDV infection. Province and the total number of pigs were included as random effects to determine their influence on the risk of PEDV infection. Twenty-nine variables of interest that have been associated with PEDV status were analyzed in a univariate analysis (P <0.20), with backward stepwise selection. Only three of these 29 variables in four models remained significant PEDV risk factors in the final model: farrow-to-wean production type, distance from the farm to the slaughterhouse (<1,000 m), and the presence of chickens on site (P <0.05). This is the first study to identify the main risk factors for PEDV infection in an endemic area. Our findings suggest that hygiene measures should be strictly implemented on farms for the effective control and prevention of PEDV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngan Mai
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Phong Bui
- Branch of Cargill Vietnam Co., Ltd, Dong Van II Industrial Zone, Ha Nam, Vietnam
| | - Thi My Le Huynh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yosuke Sasaki
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hala El Daous
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Watcharapong Fahkrajang
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Myint O, Yoshida A, Sekiguchi S, Van Diep N, Fuke N, Izzati UZ, Hirai T, Yamaguchi R. Development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus specific antibodies (IgG) in serum of naturally infected pigs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:409. [PMID: 31718620 PMCID: PMC6852973 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is a highly contagious infectious disease causing watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality rate in newborn piglets. PEDV infection can cause high economic losses in pig industry. In Japan, a PEDV outbreak occurred with high mortality from 2013 to 2015. Even though until now, PEDV infection occurs sporadically. For the control and monitoring of PEDV infection, not only symptomatic pigs, but also asymptomatic pigs should be identified. The objective of this study is to develop and optimize novel indirect ELISA as a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method for the detection of anti-PEDV antibodies and evaluate the efficacy of the assay as a diagnostic method for PED. RESULTS One hundred sixty-two serum samples, consisting of 81 neutralization test (NT) positive and 81 NT negative sera, were applied to the assay. Indirect ELISA test based on whole virus antigen (NK94P6 strain) derived from Vero cell culture was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with neutralization test (NT) as a reference method, and cut-off value was determined as 0.320 with sensitivity and specificity of 92.6 and 90.1%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.949, indicating excellent accuracy of indirect ELISA test. There was significant positive correlation between indirect ELISA and neutralization test (R = 0.815, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the kappa statics showed the excellent agreement between these two tests (kappa value = 0.815). In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of preserved plates with different periods (1 day, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months) after drying antigen coated plates were 100% and 80-100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed indirect ELISA test in our study would be useful as a reliable test for serological survey and disease control of PEDV infection, and our pre-antigen coated ELISA plates can be preserved at 4 °C until at least 6 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohnmar Myint
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Department of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sekiguchi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Prevention, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Diep
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fuke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Uda Zahli Izzati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li H, Li K, Bi Z, Gu J, Song D, Lei D, Luo S, Huang D, Wu Q, Ding Z, Wang L, Ye Y, Tang Y. Development of a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the detection of porcine pegivirus. J Virol Methods 2019; 270:59-65. [PMID: 31022411 PMCID: PMC7113777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple and accurate reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed and evaluated for the detection of porcine pegivirus (PPgV). The specific RT-LAMP primers targeting the conserved regions of NS5A genes were designed and used to detect PPgV. The optimal reaction parameter for RT-LAMP assay was 63℃ for 60 min. The detection limit of the RT-LAMP assay was 10 copies of PPgV genome, which was 100 times more sensitive than that of the conventional RT-PCR and comparable to nested RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). There was no cross amplification with other related RNA viruses. In the clinical evaluation, the RT-LAMP assay exhibited a similar sensitivity with nested RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. The results indicated that RT-LAMP assay developed in this study could be a highly specific, sensitive, and cost-effective alternative for a rapid detection of PPgV in field settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Zhen Bi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Deping Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Dan Lei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Suoxian Luo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Yu Ye
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Health of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|