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Korec E, Ungrová L, Kalvas J, Hejnar J. Identification of genes associated with longevity in dogs: 9 candidate genes described in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Vet Anim Sci 2025; 27:100420. [PMID: 39823074 PMCID: PMC11737349 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
In the past years, dogs have served as a convenient natural model organism for longevity due to their similarity with humans concerning not only their environment but also the diseases and complications occurring in older age. Since many dog breeds have significantly shorter lifespan than their closely related breeds, identification of genes associated with longevity may help to elucidate its background and serve as a possible tool for selective breeding of long-living dogs. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) was undertaken to identify the candidate genes associated with longevity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel individuals that have reached the age of more than 13 years. We described 15 SNPs localized in nine genes: B3GALNT1, NLRP1 like, PARP14, IQCJ-SCHIP1, COL9A1, COL19A1, SDHAF4, B3GAT2, and DIRC2 that are associated with longevity in purebred Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. These results are promising for future research and possible selective breeding of companion dogs with extended lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evžen Korec
- ZOO Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ungrová
- ZOO Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kalvas
- ZOO Tábor a.s., Dukelských Hrdinů 19, 170 00 Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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2
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Pasaol JC, Śmieszek A, Pawlak A. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of BRCA1 and BRCA2 as Targets in Canine Oncology: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Cancer Development and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1768. [PMID: 40004231 PMCID: PMC11855874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Tumor diseases represent a significant global health challenge, impacting both humans and companion animals, notably dogs. The parallels observed in the pathophysiology of cancer between humans and dogs underscore the importance of advancing comparative oncology and translational research methodologies. Furthermore, dogs serve as valuable models for human cancer research due to shared environments, genetics, and treatment responses. In particular, breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2), which are critical in human cancer, also influence the development and progression of canine tumors. The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in canine cancers remains underexplored, but its potential significance as therapeutic targets is strongly considered. This systematic review aims to broaden the discussion of BRCA1 and BRCA2 beyond mammary tumors, exploring their implications in various canine cancers. By emphasizing the shared genetic underpinnings between species and advocating for a comparative approach, the review indicates the potential of BRCA genes as targets for innovative cancer therapies in dogs, contributing to advances in human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (J.C.P.); (A.Ś.)
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3
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Alshammari AH, Oshiro T, Ungkulpasvich U, Yamaguchi J, Morishita M, Khdair SA, Hatakeyama H, Hirotsu T, di Luccio E. Advancing Veterinary Oncology: Next-Generation Diagnostics for Early Cancer Detection and Clinical Implementation. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:389. [PMID: 39943159 PMCID: PMC11816279 DOI: 10.3390/ani15030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death among companion animals, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages when clinical signs have appeared, and prognosis is poor. Emerging diagnostic technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced imaging, liquid biopsies, molecular diagnostics, and nematode-based screening, can improve early detection capabilities in veterinary medicine. These tools offer non-invasive or minimally invasive methods to facilitate earlier detection and treatment planning, addressing the limitations of traditional diagnostics, such as radiography and tissue biopsies. Recent advancements in comparative oncology, which leverage the biological similarities between human and companion animal cancers, underscore their translational value in improving outcomes across species. Technological advances in genomics, bioinformatics, and machine learning are driving a shift toward precision medicine, enabling earlier detection, personalized treatments, and monitoring of disease progression. Liquid biopsy testing detects circulating tumor DNA and tumor cells, providing actionable insights into tumor genetics without invasive procedures. Imaging systems enhance diagnostic precision, offering consistent and accurate tumor identification across veterinary practices, while portable innovations like Caenorhabditis elegans-based screening provide accessible options for underserved regions. As these technologies migrate from human medicine to veterinary applications, they are poised to redefine cancer care for companion animals. This review highlights key advancements in diagnostic technologies and their application in veterinary oncology, with a focus on enhancing early detection, accessibility, and precision in cancer care. By fostering the adoption of these innovations, veterinary oncology can achieve a new standard of care, improving outcomes for both animals and humans through the lens of comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hasan Alshammari
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Takuya Oshiro
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Umbhorn Ungkulpasvich
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Junichi Yamaguchi
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Masayo Morishita
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Sura Abbas Khdair
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Hideyuki Hatakeyama
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Takaaki Hirotsu
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
| | - Eric di Luccio
- Hirotsu Bioscience Inc., New Otani Garden Court 22F, 4-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan; (A.H.A.); (T.O.); (U.U.); (J.Y.); (M.M.); (H.H.)
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4
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Tay KLY, Cowan G, Chatterji S, Conti G, Speirs V. Exploring the One Health Paradigm in Male Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:8. [PMID: 38573417 PMCID: PMC10995048 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
How cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown and there is an even bigger knowledge gap for rare cancers like male breast cancer. One Health is a convergence of human and animal healthcare that encourages cross-pollination of medical research uniting human and veterinary medicine. Recognising that breast cancer occurs spontaneously in other male species (e.g. primates, canines, felines), and knowing that no laboratory models exist for male breast cancer, which limits our ability to perform functional studies, we explored the feasibility of applying One Health to breast cancer in men by conducting a narrative review of the topic. Spontaneous development of breast cancer was reported in captive male primates and in companion canines and felines. Some parallels in tumour biology of human male breast cancer with canines and primates were found. The age distribution, pattern of biomarker expression and metastasis were similar, with mammary tumours typically detected after two-thirds of average lifespan. However, instances of triple negative and inflammatory breast cancer, which are rarely observed in human male breast cancer, were found in canines and histological classification was inconsistent between species. These disparities need redressing to enable full exploration of the One Health paradigm in rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Luo-Yng Tay
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George Cowan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Subarnarekha Chatterji
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Giulia Conti
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Speirs
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
- Aberdeen Cancer Centre, Aberdeen, UK.
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Gherman LM, Chiroi P, Nuţu A, Bica C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Profiling canine mammary tumors: A potential model for studying human breast cancer. Vet J 2024; 303:106055. [PMID: 38097103 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite all clinical progress recorded in the last decades, human breast cancer (HBC) remains a major challenge worldwide both in terms of its incidence and its management. Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) share similarities with HBC and represent an alternative model for HBC. The utility of the canine model in studying HBC relies on their common features, include spontaneous development, subtype classification, mutational profile, alterations in gene expression profile, and incidence/prevalence. This review describes the similarities between CMTs and HBC regarding genomic landscape, microRNA expression alteration, methylation, and metabolomic changes occurring during mammary gland carcinogenesis. The primary purpose of this review is to highlight the advantages of using the canine model as a translational animal model for HBC research and to investigate the challenges and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana-Madalina Gherman
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Experimental Center of Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Chiroi
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nuţu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Bica
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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6
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da Silva EMG, dos Santos TR, Silva MJB. Identifying the Risk Factors for Malignant Mammary Tumors in Dogs: A Retrospective Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:607. [PMID: 37888559 PMCID: PMC10610602 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is one of the main causes of death in female dogs worldwide, considering that many risk factors are involved in its development. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between epidemiological and clinical risk factors with the histopathological diagnosis of malignant mammary tumors in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, which has one of the first veterinary oncology services in Brazil. A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for the development of malignant mammary tumors in dogs. The variables analyzed were size dog, breed, housing, type of diet, and body score. Potential risk factors were selected by univariate analysis (p < 0.25) before multivariate forward binary logistic regression. The most frequent benign tumor was the benign mixed tumor (35.2%), and the most frequent malignant tumor was the mixed carcinoma (27.4%). Size dog, breed, housing, and overweight are predictors of malignant mammary tumors in dogs. The highest risk of developing malignant mammary tumors is associated with large female dogs, Yorkshire or Poodle breeds, living outside the home, or being overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Maressa Gonçalves da Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará, 1720, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia 38400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaisa Reis dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidad Austral del Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará, 1720, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia 38400-000, MG, Brazil
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7
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Soares EDS, Valente FL, Rocha CC, Real Pereira CE, Sarandy TB, de Oliveira FLD, de Morais Calado SL, Borges APB. Prognostic Factors for Cancer-Specific Survival and Disease-Free Interval of Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:6890707. [PMID: 37577730 PMCID: PMC10421712 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6890707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most diagnosed neoplasms in dogs; however, there are few studies analyzing the influence of epidemiological, clinicopathological, and histopathological data on cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free interval (DFI), and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort. To contribute to the understanding of the biological behavior of this neoplasm, 385 cases were analyzed, 89% malignant, 4% benign, and 7% non-neoplastic lesions. Among the dogs diagnosed with malignant neoplasms, 86% had early clinical stages (I-III), while 14% had regional or distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoma in a mixed tumor was the most frequent histological type with 44% of the cases and had the best prognosis. Analyzed factors such as the presence of pseudocyesis, previous history of the disease, advanced clinical stage (IV-V), and presence of ulceration obtained significant results for CSS, DFI, and OS through univariate analysis and had a negative impact on the survival of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that histological grading and age proved to be the best independent parameters for the prognostic evaluation of CSS and DFI in this study. These factors were also significant in the overall survival analysis. Therefore, these parameters should be considered valuable risk and prognostic factors for CMTs.
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8
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Zhu Z, Kitano T, Morimatsu M, Ochiai K, Ishiguro-Oonuma T, Oosumi K, Lin X, Orino K, Yoshikawa Y. A Highly Conserved Region in BRCA2 Suppresses the RAD51-Interaction Activity of BRC Repeats. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020145. [PMID: 36851449 PMCID: PMC9959916 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most prevalent type of tumors in female dogs. Breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) malignant mutations are associated with tumorigenesis in humans and dogs. BRCA2 plays a pivotal role in homologous recombination repair by recruiting RAD51 recombinase to DNA damage sites to maintain genome stability. To recruit RAD51, BRCA2 must interact with RAD51 via BRC repeats, but the regulation of this interaction has been unclear. In this study, we focused on a highly conserved region (HCR) near BRC repeats. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay, we found that HCR suppressed the RAD51-interaction activity of BRC repeats and that substitutions of HCR phosphorylation sites affected it. In canine tumor samples, we found ten mutations, including a novel HCR mutation (I1110M) from canine tumor samples. The effect of four HCR mutations, including I1110M, on the RAD51-interaction activity of BRC repeats was tested. One of the HCR mutations found in canine mammary tumors increased the interaction, but the two mutations found in human breast cancers decreased it. This study suggested that the HCR regulated the RAD51-interacting activity of BRC repeats through HCR phosphorylation and that mutations in HCR may be related to tumorigenesis in both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zida Zhu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toshina Ishiguro-Oonuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oosumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Xianghui Lin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koichi Orino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
- Correspondence:
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MicroRNA and Messenger RNA Expression Profiles in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032618. [PMID: 36768939 PMCID: PMC9917093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumor (CMT) is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm in intact female dogs. As prognosis depends on the malignancy of tumors and metastasis levels, early and accurate diagnosis are crucial for prolongation of life expectancy. The genetic similarity of dogs with humans in addition to environmental and physiological similarities make them ideal models for the study of cancer. In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed microRNAs followed by RNA-Seq to investigate the alterations in mRNA levels based on the malignancy (benign, malignant) and the biopsy locations (tumors, surrounding normal tissues). We identified multiple breast cancer-related genes regardless of malignancy. We found cfa-miR-503 to be the only miRNA that showed altered expression in response to malignancy in CMTs. Although further validation is needed, cfa-miR-503 could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker as well as a potential RNA-based anti-tumor drug in malignant CMTs.
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Kaur B, Kaur J, Kashyap N, Arora JS, Mukhopadhyay CS. A comprehensive review of genomic perspectives of canine diseases as a model to study human disorders. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2023; 87:3-8. [PMID: 36606040 PMCID: PMC9808881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The domestic dog has been given considerable attention as a system for investigating the genetics of human diseases. Population diversity and breed structure are unique features that make dogs particularly amenable to genetic studies. Dogs show distinguished features of breed-specific homogeneity, which is associated with striking interbreed heterogeneity. This review discusses the significance of studying the genetic maps, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and usefulness of this species as an animal model. Most canine genetic disorders are similar to those of humans, including inherited, psychiatric, and genetic disorders. In addition to revealing new candidate genes, canine models allow access to experimental resources, such as cells, tissues, and even live animals, for research and intervention purposes.
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Shimakawa K, Ochiai K, Hirose S, Tanabe E, Michishita M, Sakaue M, Yoshikawa Y, Morimatsu M, Tajima T, Watanabe M, Tanaka Y. Canine Mammary Tumor Cell Lines Derived from Metastatic Foci Show Increased RAD51 Expression but Diminished Radioresistance via p21 Inhibition. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120703. [PMID: 36548864 PMCID: PMC9784702 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of mammary tumors in dogs, it is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of these tumors in veterinary medicine. Radiation therapy is often used to treat mammary tumors that target DNA lesions. RAD51 is a key molecule that repairs DNA damage via homologous recombination. We examined the relationship between RAD51 expression and radiosensitivity in mammary tumor cell lines. CHMp and CHMm from the same individual were selected based on the differences in RAD51 expression. The radiosensitivity of both cell lines was examined using MTT and scratch assays; CHMm, which has high RAD51 expression, showed higher sensitivity to radiation than CHMp. However, the nuclear focus of RAD51 during DNA repair was formed normally in CHMp, but not in most of CHMm. Since irradiation resulted in the suppression of cell cycle progression in CHMp, the expression of p21, a cell cycle regulatory factor, was detected in CHMp after 15 Gy irradiation but not in CHMm. These results indicate that functional expression is more important than the quantitative expression of RAD51 in canine mammary tumor cells in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shimakawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-422-31-4151
| | - Sachi Hirose
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Eri Tanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Motoharu Sakaue
- Laboratory of Anatomy II, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tajima
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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12
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Perossi IFS, Saito MM, Varallo GR, de Godoy BLV, Colombo J, Zuccari DAPC. Protein Expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Targets Validated by Gene Expression and its Correlation with Prognosis in Canine Mammary Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:241-252. [PMID: 36323932 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is the main type of neoplasia in female dogs and is considered an adequate model for the biological and therapeutic study of cancer in women. The PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a central role in cellular homeostasis and is often dysregulated in cancer. The increased expression of PI3K protein in the literature is associated with a poor prognosis, and alterations in the PIK3CA gene can lead to changes in downstream pathways. Thus, the objective of this study was to validate the protein expression to confirm the gene expression of proteins belonging to the main pathway PI3K and PTEN, and their downstream pathways through ZEB1, ZEB2, HIF1A, VHL, CASP3 and PARP1 relating to prognosis in canine mammary cancer. For protein studies, the samples came from 58 female dogs with mammary neoplasia, immunohistochemistry was performed and its analysis by the histoscore method. For the genetic evaluation, the samples came from 13 patients, the DNA was extracted and the analysis for quantitative expression. Through immunohistochemistry, PI3K positivity was significantly associated with affected regional lymph node, distant metastasis, patients with HER2+, Triple Negative and Luminal B phenotypes, and the lowest survival rates. Through gene expression, we observed higher gene expression of ZEB2 and PARP1 both among patients who were alive and who died, which was not true for the expressions of PIK3CA and HIF1A. In conclusion, the data observed in this work are promising in the study of new molecular prognostic markers such as PI3K, ZEB2 and PARP1 for canine mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela F S Perossi
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Mylena M Saito
- Centro Universitário de Rio Preto (UNIRP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jucimara Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Debora A P C Zuccari
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Pinard CJ, Lagree A, Lu FI, Klein J, Oblak ML, Salgado R, Cardenas JCP, Brunetti B, Muscatello LV, Sarli G, Foschini MP, Hardas A, Castillo SP, AbdulJabbar K, Yuan Y, Moore DA, Tran WT. Comparative Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Companion Animals: Immuno-Oncology as a Relevant Translational Model for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5008. [PMID: 36291791 PMCID: PMC9599753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the important role of preclinical experiments to characterize tumor biology and molecular pathways, there are ongoing challenges to model the tumor microenvironment, specifically the dynamic interactions between tumor cells and immune infiltrates. Comprehensive models of host-tumor immune interactions will enhance the development of emerging treatment strategies, such as immunotherapies. Although in vitro and murine models are important for the early modelling of cancer and treatment-response mechanisms, comparative research studies involving veterinary oncology may bridge the translational pathway to human studies. The natural progression of several malignancies in animals exhibits similar pathogenesis to human cancers, and previous studies have shown a relevant and evaluable immune system. Veterinary oncologists working alongside oncologists and cancer researchers have the potential to advance discovery. Understanding the host-tumor-immune interactions can accelerate drug and biomarker discovery in a clinically relevant setting. This review presents discoveries in comparative immuno-oncology and implications to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Pinard
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Odette Cancer Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Andrew Lagree
- Odette Cancer Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Fang-I Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Klein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michelle L. Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Luisa Vera Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandros Hardas
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Simon P. Castillo
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - David A. Moore
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- University College Hospitals NHS Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - William T. Tran
- Odette Cancer Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Radiogenomics Laboratory, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Temerty Centre for AI Research and Education in Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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14
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Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Yamamoto H, Ayame H, Ishihara Y, Sato Y, Yamawaki H, Kaneda M, Usui T, Sasaki K. Establishment of a direct 2.5D organoid culture model using companion animal cancer tissues. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113597. [PMID: 36030590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Like humans, cancer affects companion animals with similar genetic risks and incident rates. To improve treatment strategies for pet cancers, new research models are necessary. Patient-derived 3D organoid culture models are valuable and ensure the development of new effective therapies. In the previous study, we established a 3D organoid-derived 2.5D organoid culture model that recapitulated some characteristics of their parental 3D organoids. In the present study, we aimed to generate a 2.5D organoid culture model directly from cancer-diseased dogs and cats using special 2.5D media. The primary cultured cells in 2.5D media (direct 2.5D organoids) showed better attachment, growth, marker expression, and faster proliferation speed than those cultured in normal Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium media. The direct 2.5D organoids showed expression of each specific marker to their original cancer tissues and exhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, the direct 2.5D organoids exhibited concentration-dependent responses to anti-cancer drugs, and different sensitivity profiles were shown among the strains. Our data suggest that the direct 2.5D organoid culture model might become a useful tool beyond 2D cell lines to study cancer biology in companion animals and could provide new platforms for screening the anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736 Toukh, Egypt.
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ayame
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yomogi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1 Higashi 23 ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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15
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Kaszak I, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Domrazek K, Jurka P. The Novel Diagnostic Techniques and Biomarkers of Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Sci 2022; 9:526. [PMID: 36288138 PMCID: PMC9610006 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are considered a serious clinical problem in older bitches. Due to the high malignancy rate and poor prognosis, an early diagnosis is essential. This article is a summary of novel diagnostic techniques as well as the main biomarkers of CMTs. So far, CMTs are detected only when changes in mammary glands are clinically visible and surgical removal of the mass is the only recommended treatment. Proper diagnostics of CMT is especially important as they represent a very diverse group of tumors and therefore different treatment approaches may be required. Recently, new diagnostic options appeared, like a new cytological grading system of CMTs or B-mode ultrasound, the Doppler technique, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and real-time elastography, which may be useful in pre-surgical evaluation. However, in order to detect malignancies before macroscopic changes are visible, evaluation of serum and tissue biomarkers should be considered. Among them, we distinguish markers of the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, metastatic potential and prognosis, hormone receptors, inflammatory and more recent: metabolomic, gene expression, miRNA, and transcriptome sequencing markers. The use of a couple of the above-mentioned markers together seems to be the most useful for the early diagnosis of neoplastic diseases as well as to evaluate response to treatment, presence of tumor progression, or further prognosis. Molecular aspects of tumors seem to be crucial for proper understanding of tumorigenesis and the application of individual treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaszak
- Laboratory of Small Animal Reproduction, Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Domrazek
- Laboratory of Small Animal Reproduction, Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Jurka
- Laboratory of Small Animal Reproduction, Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Di Giacomo D, Di Domenico M, Defourny SVP, Malatesta D, Di Teodoro G, Martino M, Viola A, D’Alterio N, Cammà C, Modesto P, Petrini A. Validation of AmpliSeq NGS Panel for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variant Detection in Canine Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Mammary Tumors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060851. [PMID: 35743882 PMCID: PMC9225004 DOI: 10.3390/life12060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary carcinomas are the most common neoplasms observed in women and in female dogs. Canine mammary tumors show epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and prognostic characteristics comparable to human breast cancers. The recent introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has greatly improved research and diagnostics for humans, while these new tools still need to be implemented in animal models. In this study we developed and validated an AmpliSeq Panel assay for the identification of BRCA variants in twenty-two different dogs. The amplicon mean coverage was 5499× and uniformity was higher than 98% in all samples. The results of germline single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (INDELs) were fully concordant regardless of the types of samples considered (blood, fresh and FFPE tissues). Moreover, despite the high DNA degradation observed in older FFPE blocks (>5 years), the assay allowed full coverage of all amplicons for downstream analyses. We consider the NGS panel developed in this study as a useful tool for expanding information on BRCA genes in the veterinary field and for human health from a comparative oncology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Giacomo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vanessa Patrizia Defourny
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Michele Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonello Viola
- Veterinary Practitioner, Centro Veterinario Nova Julia, Via Galileo Galilei 177, 64021 Giulianova, Italy;
| | - Nicola D’Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Antonio Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
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Identification of EDIL3 biomarkers as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target of canine mammary carcinomas based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 249:110432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moschetta-Pinheiro MG, Colombo J, de Godoy BLV, Balan JF, Nascimento BC, Zuccari DAPDC. Modulation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition after AGTR-1 Gene Edition by Crispr/Cas9 and Losartan Treatment in Mammary Tumor Cell Line: A Comparative Study between Human and Canine Species. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121427. [PMID: 34947958 PMCID: PMC8705831 DOI: 10.3390/life11121427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumor type among women and female dogs. Tumor malignancy is characterized by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which leads to the metastasis formation. The inhibition of angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) by an antagonist such as losartan can suppress angiogenesis, consequently contributing to the metastasis control. The aim of this study was to analyze the capacity of losartan and AGTR-1 gene edition to modulate the EMT process in triple negative/metastatic mammary tumor cells, compared to existing treatment protocols such as carboplatin. The cell lines CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468, were cultured and treated with carboplatin, losartan, or submitted to AGTR-1 gene edition by CRISPR/Cas9. EMT markers and PARP-1 protein and gene expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence or immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Cell migration capacity was also evaluated. For CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, there was an increase in E-cadherin and a decrease in N-cadherin and PARP-1 protein and gene expression after treatment with carboplatin, losartan, both in combination and after AGTR-1 gene edition. There was a decrease in VEGF and PARP-1 protein and gene expression after AGTR-1 gene edition. Moreover, in both lines, reduction in invasion rate was observed after all treatments. Our data suggest that losartan and the gene edition of AGTR-1 by CRISPR/Cas9 were able to block the DNA repair and control the EMT process, such as carboplatin. The results in the canine species are unprecedented, as there are no data in the literature that demonstrate the action of losartan in this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gobbe Moschetta-Pinheiro
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Avenida Juscelino K. de Oliveira, s/n, São José do Rio Preto 15091-450, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +55-17-3201-5885
| | - Jucimara Colombo
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (J.F.B.); (B.C.N.); (D.A.P.d.C.Z.)
| | - Bianca Lara Venâncio de Godoy
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (J.F.B.); (B.C.N.); (D.A.P.d.C.Z.)
| | - Julia Ferreira Balan
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (J.F.B.); (B.C.N.); (D.A.P.d.C.Z.)
| | - Bianca Carlos Nascimento
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (J.F.B.); (B.C.N.); (D.A.P.d.C.Z.)
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil; (J.C.); (J.F.B.); (B.C.N.); (D.A.P.d.C.Z.)
- PostGraduate Program in Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (UNESP/IBILCE), Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
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Von Rueden SK, Fan TM. Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Therapeutic Interventions- Opportunities for Including Pet Dogs With Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:773420. [PMID: 34869014 PMCID: PMC8639699 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.773420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-immune interplay represents a dynamic series of events executed by cellular and soluble participants that either promote or inhibit successful tumor formation and growth. Throughout a tumor’s development and progression, the host organism’s immune system reacts by generating anti-cancer defenses through various incremental and combinatorial mechanisms, and this reactive orchestration is termed the cancer-immunity cycle. Success or failure of the cancer-immunity cycle dictates the fate of both host and tumor as winner or loser. Insights into how the tumor and host immune system continuously adapt to each other throughout the lifecycle of the tumor is necessary to rationally develop new effective immunotherapies. Additionally, the evolving nature of the cancer-immunity cycle necessitates therapeutic agility, requiring real-time serial assessment of immunobiologic markers that permits tailoring of therapies to the everchanging tumor immune microenvironment. In order to accelerate advances in the field of immuno-oncology, this review summarizes the steps comprising the cancer-immunity cycle, and underscores key breakpoints in the cycle that either favor cancer regression or progression, as well as shaping of the tumor microenvironment and associated immune phenotypes. Furthermore, specific large animal models of spontaneous cancers that are deemed immunogenic will be reviewed and proposed as unique resources for validating investigational immunotherapeutic protocols that are informed by the cancer-immunity cycle. Collectively, this review will provide a progressive look into the dynamic interplay between tumor and host immune responses and raise awareness for how large animal models can be included for developing combinatorial and sequenced immunotherapies to maximizing favorable treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Von Rueden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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20
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Moschetta-Pinheiro MG, Colombo J, de Souza Tuckumantel M, Rebolho GK, de Campos Zuccari DAP. Treatment of Triple Negative Cell Lines with Olaparib to Block DNA Repair. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2036-2045. [PMID: 34629045 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211008104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most aggressive breast cancer is the triple negative histological type and the gold standard for its treatment is platinum salts, such as carboplatin. Due to high recurrence, there is a need to test new drugs, such as PARP inhibitors (PARPi) that induce lethality in cells with DNA damage. Olaparib is a PARPi, already used in some tumors, but not tested in canine species. Thus, the aim of this study was demonstrating the efficacy of olaparib in inhibiting DNA repair and controlling disease progression by decreasing the migration capacity of mammary tumor cells. METHODS The cell lines, CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468, were cultured and was performed the MTT to define the best dose of carboplatin. Next, the cells were treated with 10 µM carboplatin, olaparib and with combination of both for 24 hours. PARP-1 protein and gene expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The analysis of cell migration was performed in transwell chambers. RESULTS For CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, there was decrease in PARP-1 protein and gene expression after treatment with carboplatin, olaparib and both in combination compared to the group without treatment (control) (p<0.05). Moreover, in both lines, reduction in invasion rate was observed after treatment with carboplatin, olaparib and when combined, compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggests that carboplatin and olaparib were able to block DNA repair and control the cancer invasion, especially when used in combination. The results with olaparib in the canine line are unpublished. The olaparib should be a possible agent against human breast cancer and canine mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gobbe Moschetta-Pinheiro
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Jucimara Colombo
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Murilo de Souza Tuckumantel
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Gabriela Karam Rebolho
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 - São José do Rio Preto, SP. Brazil
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Panja K, Buranapraditkun S, Roytrakul S, Kovitvadhi A, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Nakagawa T, Limmanont C, Jaroensong T. Scorpion Venom Peptide Effects on Inhibiting Proliferation and Inducing Apoptosis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor Cell Lines. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072119. [PMID: 34359246 PMCID: PMC8300387 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common neoplasms in intact female dogs are CMGTs. BmKn-2, an antimicrobial peptide, is derived from scorpion venom and has published anticancer effects in oral and colon human cancer cell lines. Thus, it is highly likely that BmKn-2 could inhibit CMGT cell lines which has not been previously reported. This study investigated the proliferation and apoptotic properties of BmKn-2 via Bax and Bcl-2 relative gene expression in two CMGT cell lines, metastatic (CHMp-5b) and non-metastatic (CHMp-13a). The results showed that BmKn-2 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the CMGT cell lines. The cell morphology clearly changed and increased apoptosis in a dose dependent of manner. The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 30 µg/mL for CHMp-5b cell line and 54 µg/mL for CHMp-13a cell line. The induction of apoptosis was mediated through Bcl-2 and Bax expression after BmKn-2 treatment. In conclusion, BmKn-2 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in both CHMp-5b and CHMp-13a cell lines via down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax relative mRNA expression. Therefore, BmKn-2 could be feasible as candidate treatment for CMGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonporn Panja
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.P.); (C.L.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Bangpra, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center-Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Thai Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Immunology (TPGHAI) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kampaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Chunsumon Limmanont
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Tassanee Jaroensong
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (K.P.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-86-797-4270
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22
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Hormonal Carcinogenesis in Canine Mammary Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms of Estradiol Involved in Malignant Progression. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030608. [PMID: 33652604 PMCID: PMC7996861 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary cancer is a frequent neoplasia in female dogs, in which most important risk factors are hormonal. Sexual hormones as estradiol play an important role in mammary carcinogenesis, being able to induce carcinogenic initiation, promotion and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Estradiol is synthesized mainly in the ovaries, nevertheless, high concentrations of estradiol and some of its hormonal precursors have also been described in malignant mammary tumor tissue. The mechanisms of action of estradiol include the classic genomic effects that modulate gene transcription, and non-genomic effects, which trigger quick effects after estradiol binds to its specific receptors. These responses modulate various intracellular signaling pathways, triggering post-translational modification of several proteins. This review will discuss the well-known underlying mechanisms associated with the action of estradiol in the malignant progression of canine mammary tumors.
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23
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Biondi LR, Tedardi MV, Gentile LB, Chamas PPC, Dagli MLZ. Quantification of Global DNA Methylation in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors via Immunostaining of 5-Methylcytosine: Histopathological and Clinical Correlations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:628241. [PMID: 33718471 PMCID: PMC7947677 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.628241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most prevalent neoplasms in non-neutered female dogs, with genetic and epigenetic alterations contributing to canine mammary carcinogenesis. This study quantified global DNA methylation in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-immunostained canine mammary tumor samples and established histopathological and clinical correlations. A total of 91 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mammary tumor samples from female dogs were retrospectively selected and subjected to immunohistochemistry using an anti-5mC mouse monoclonal antibody. We evaluated 5mC+ stained nuclei of neoplastic epithelial cells in canine mammary glands to obtain semiquantitative histoscores based on staining intensity. Survival rates were estimated based on owners' or veterinary records. Histological samples comprised 28 and 63 benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumors, respectively. Results revealed significant differences between global DNA methylation patterns when mammary samples were categorized as benign or malignant (p = 0.024), with hypomethylated patterns more prevalent in malignant tumors and those with higher relapse behavior (p = 0.011). Of note, large diameter (>5 cm) tumors revealed a lower methylation pattern (p = 0.028). Additionally, we found non-statistically significant differences when tumors were grouped by histopathological characteristics, clinical parameters, or survival. These findings propose global DNA methylation assessment as a promising tool for detecting canine mammary tumors with relapse propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Roberto Biondi
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boffoni Gentile
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pereira Costa Chamas
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Valdivia G, Alonso-Diez Á, Pérez-Alenza D, Peña L. From Conventional to Precision Therapy in Canine Mammary Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:623800. [PMID: 33681329 PMCID: PMC7925635 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.623800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasm in intact female dogs. Canine mammary cancer (CMC) represents 50% of CMTs, and besides surgery, which is the elective treatment, additional targeted and non-targeted therapies could offer benefits in terms of survival to these patients. Also, CMC is considered a good spontaneous intermediate animal model for the research of human breast cancer (HBC), and therefore, the study of new treatments for CMC is a promising field in comparative oncology. Dogs with CMC have a comparable disease, an intact immune system, and a much shorter life span, which allows the achievement of results in a relatively short time. Besides conventional chemotherapy, innovative therapies have a large niche of opportunities. In this article, a comprehensive review of the current research in adjuvant therapies for CMC is conducted to gather available information and evaluate the perspectives. Firstly, updates are provided on the clinical-pathological approach and the use of conventional therapies, to delve later into precision therapies against therapeutic targets such as hormone receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, p53 tumor suppressor gene, cyclooxygenases, the signaling pathways involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immunotherapy in different approaches. A comparison of the different investigations on targeted therapies in HBC is also carried out. In the last years, the increasing number of basic research studies of new promising therapeutic agents on CMC cell lines and CMC mouse xenografts is outstanding. As the main conclusion of this review, the lack of effort to bring the in vitro studies into the field of applied clinical research emerges. There is a great need for well-planned large prospective randomized clinical trials in dogs with CMC to obtain valid results for both species, humans and dogs, on the use of new therapies. Following the One Health concept, human and veterinary oncology will have to join forces to take advantage of both the economic and technological resources that are invested in HBC research, together with the innumerable advantages of dogs with CMC as a spontaneous animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Valdivia
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Alonso-Diez
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Alenza
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Peña
- Department Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Mammary Oncology Unit, Complutense Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Abstract
Comparative oncology clinical trials play an important and growing role in cancer research and drug development efforts. These trials, typically conducted in companion (pet) dogs, allow assessment of novel anticancer agents and combination therapies in a veterinary clinical setting that supports serial biologic sample collections and exploration of dose, schedule and corresponding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Further, an intact immune system and natural co-evolution of tumour and microenvironment support exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Substantial improvements in our collective understanding of the molecular landscape of canine cancers have occurred in the past 10 years, facilitating translational research and supporting the inclusion of comparative studies in drug development. The value of the approach is demonstrated in various clinical trial settings, including single-agent or combination response rates, inhibition of metastatic progression and randomized comparison of multiple agents in a head-to-head fashion. Such comparative oncology studies have been purposefully included in the developmental plan for several US FDA-approved and up-and-coming anticancer drugs. Challenges for this field include keeping pace with technology and data dissemination/harmonization, improving annotation of the canine genome and immune system, and generation of canine-specific validated reagents to support integration of correlative biology within clinical trial efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Burrai GP, Gabrieli A, Moccia V, Zappulli V, Porcellato I, Brachelente C, Pirino S, Polinas M, Antuofermo E. A Statistical Analysis of Risk Factors and Biological Behavior in Canine Mammary Tumors: A Multicenter Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091687. [PMID: 32961915 PMCID: PMC7552647 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) represent a serious issue in worldwide veterinary practice and several risk factors are variably implicated in the biology of CMTs. The present study examines the relationship between risk factors and histological diagnosis of a large CMT dataset from three academic institutions by classical statistical analysis and supervised machine learning methods. Epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological data of 1866 CMTs were included. Dogs with malignant tumors were significantly older than dogs with benign tumors (9.6 versus 8.7 years, P < 0.001). Malignant tumors were significantly larger than benign counterparts (2.69 versus 1.7 cm, P < 0.001). Interestingly, 18% of malignant tumors were smaller than 1 cm in diameter, providing compelling evidence that the size of the tumor should be reconsidered during the assessment of the TNM-WHO clinical staging. The application of the logistic regression and the machine learning model identified the age and the tumor's size as the best predictors with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 0.63, suggesting that these risk factors are sufficient but not exhaustive indicators of the malignancy of CMTs. This multicenter study increases the general knowledge of the main epidemiologica-clinical risk factors involved in the onset of CMTs and paves the way for further investigations of these factors in association with CMTs and in the application of machine learning technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni P. Burrai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.P.)
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Gabrieli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, AGRIPOLIS–Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro Padua, Italy; (V.M.); (V.Z.)
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, AGRIPOLIS–Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro Padua, Italy; (V.M.); (V.Z.)
| | - Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (I.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (I.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Salvatore Pirino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Polinas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Antuofermo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.B.); (A.G.); (S.P.); (M.P.)
- Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229-440
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