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Castillo J, Hilburger L, Rosenberg L, Cheong SH, Duhamel GE, de Amorim MD. Unilateral right mammary gland enlargement in a multiparous, pregnant 14-year-old American Quarter Horse mare. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1901-1902. [PMID: 37669747 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.08.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay Hilburger
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Lacey Rosenberg
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Gerald E Duhamel
- 3Department of Biomedical Sciences and Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Mariana Diel de Amorim
- 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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2
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Tóthová Z, Šemeláková M, Bhide K, Bhide M, Kováč A, Majerová P, Kvaková M, Štofilová J, Solárová Z, Solár P. Differentially Expressed Genes Induced by Erythropoietin Receptor Overexpression in Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma RAMA 37-28 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108482. [PMID: 37239828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) is a transmembrane type I receptor with an essential role in the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitors. Besides its function during erythropoiesis, EPOR is expressed and has protective effect in various non-hematopoietic tissues, including tumors. Currently, the advantageous aspect of EPOR related to different cellular events is still under scientific investigation. Besides its well-known effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, our integrative functional study revealed its possible associations with metabolic processes, transport of small molecules, signal transduction and tumorigenesis. Comparative transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) identified 233 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EPOR overexpressed RAMA 37-28 cells compared to parental RAMA 37 cells, whereas 145 genes were downregulated and 88 upregulated. Of these, for example, GPC4, RAP2C, STK26, ZFP955A, KIT, GAS6, PTPRF and CXCR4 were downregulated and CDH13, NR0B1, OCM2, GPM6B, TM7SF3, PARVB, VEGFD and STAT5A were upregulated. Surprisingly, two ephrin receptors, EPHA4 and EPHB3, and EFNB1 ligand were found to be upregulated as well. Our study is the first demonstrating robust differentially expressed genes evoked by simple EPOR overexpression without the addition of erythropoietin ligand in a manner which remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tóthová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šemeláková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kováč
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Majerová
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Kvaková
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Štofilová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
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Michishita M, Ochiai K, Nakahira R, Azakami D, Machida Y, Nagashima T, Nakagawa T, Ishiwata T. mTOR pathway as a potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cells in canine mammary carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100602. [PMID: 36816969 PMCID: PMC9931192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary adenocarcinoma, the most common cancer in female dogs, often exhibits the lymph node and lung metastases and has a higher mortality rate. However, mammary adenocarcinoma has no established treatment, except early surgical excision. Canine mammary carcinoma has many common features with human mammary carcinoma, including clinical characteristics, heterogeneity, and genetic aberrations, making it an excellent spontaneous tumor model for human breast cancer. Diverse cancers comprised heterogeneous cell populations originating from cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal ability. Therefore, in addition to conventional therapy, therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are essential for cancer eradication. The present study aimed to extract inhibitors of canine mammary CSCs that suppress their self-renewal ability. Sphere-formation assay, which evaluates self-renewal ability, was performed for the canine mammary cancer cell lines CTBp and CNMp. The spheres formed in this assay were used in inhibitor library screening, which identified various signaling pathways such as proteosome, stress inducer, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The present study focused on the mTOR signaling pathway. Western blotting showed higher levels of phosphorylated mTOR in sphere-forming CTBp and CNMp cells than in adherent cells. Drug sensitivity examination using the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus revealed dose-dependent reductions in viability among both sphere-forming cells and adherent cells. Expression of phosphorylated mTOR in adherent and sphere-forming cells decreased by everolimus and temsirolimus treatment. In mice transplanted with CTBp-derived spheres, everolimus treatment significantly decreased tumor volume compared to control. These results reveal that the mTOR signaling pathway may be a potential to be a therapeutic target in both cancer cells and CSCs. Novel therapeutic strategies for canine mammary carcinoma are expected to benefit to human breast carcinoma as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Masaki Michishita,
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Nakahira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Biondi LR, Tedardi MV, Gentile LB, Chamas PPC, Dagli MLZ. Quantification of Global DNA Methylation in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors via Immunostaining of 5-Methylcytosine: Histopathological and Clinical Correlations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:628241. [PMID: 33718471 PMCID: PMC7947677 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.628241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most prevalent neoplasms in non-neutered female dogs, with genetic and epigenetic alterations contributing to canine mammary carcinogenesis. This study quantified global DNA methylation in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-immunostained canine mammary tumor samples and established histopathological and clinical correlations. A total of 91 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mammary tumor samples from female dogs were retrospectively selected and subjected to immunohistochemistry using an anti-5mC mouse monoclonal antibody. We evaluated 5mC+ stained nuclei of neoplastic epithelial cells in canine mammary glands to obtain semiquantitative histoscores based on staining intensity. Survival rates were estimated based on owners' or veterinary records. Histological samples comprised 28 and 63 benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumors, respectively. Results revealed significant differences between global DNA methylation patterns when mammary samples were categorized as benign or malignant (p = 0.024), with hypomethylated patterns more prevalent in malignant tumors and those with higher relapse behavior (p = 0.011). Of note, large diameter (>5 cm) tumors revealed a lower methylation pattern (p = 0.028). Additionally, we found non-statistically significant differences when tumors were grouped by histopathological characteristics, clinical parameters, or survival. These findings propose global DNA methylation assessment as a promising tool for detecting canine mammary tumors with relapse propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Roberto Biondi
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boffoni Gentile
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pereira Costa Chamas
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Santos Metropolitan University, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Giúdice AD, Pagura L, Capitani MC, Mainetti LE, Scharovsky OG, Di Masso RJ, Rico MJ, Rozados VR. Nonclassical roles for IFN-γ and IL-10 in a murine model of immunoedition. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO589. [PMID: 33312693 PMCID: PMC7720370 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To characterize, by means of univariate and multivariate approaches, the T helper (Th)-1 and Th-2 responses during the different phases of tumor immunoediting. Materials & methods: We used a multivariate principal component analysis applied to analyze the joint behavior of serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-4, during the different phases of tumor immunoediting, in CBi/L mice challenged with M-406 mammary adenocarcinoma. Results & conclusion: Animals in equilibrium phase showed the widest variations in values of the four cytokines. In this experimental model, the role of IFN-γ would be related to tumor growth and progression, while IL-10 would participate in the antitumor immune response. Breast cancer is a complex, multifactor disease that affects about 10% of women in industrialized countries. The immune system has the ability to monitor the appearance of tumors, but the tumors have the ability to escape such rejection. For this reason, in order to design different therapeutic strategies, it is important to know the different mechanisms that take place when a tumor grows or when it is rejected. Here we sought to elucidate some of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Del Giúdice
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) CABA (C1425FQB), Argentina
| | - Lucas Pagura
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) CABA (C1425FQB), Argentina
| | - María Celeste Capitani
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Leandro Ernesto Mainetti
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) CABA (C1425FQB), Argentina
| | - O Graciela Scharovsky
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) CABA (C1425FQB), Argentina.,CIUNR (Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Rosario) Rosario (2000), Argentina
| | - Ricardo José Di Masso
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina.,CIUNR (Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Rosario) Rosario (2000), Argentina
| | - María José Rico
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) CABA (C1425FQB), Argentina
| | - Viviana Rosa Rozados
- Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina.,CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) CABA (C1425FQB), Argentina
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Odnokoz O, Yu P, Peck AR, Sun Y, Kovatich AJ, Hooke JA, Hu H, Mitchell EP, Rui H, Fuchs SY. Malignant cell-specific pro-tumorigenic role of type I interferon receptor in breast cancers. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:629-636. [PMID: 32378445 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1750297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the microenvironment of solid tumors, stress associated with deficit of nutrients and oxygen as well as tumor-derived factors triggers the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of the IFNAR1 chain of type I interferon (IFN1) receptor and ensuing suppression of the IFN1 pathway. Here we sought to examine the importance of these events in malignant mammary cells. Expression of non-degradable IFNAR1S526A mutant in mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells stimulated the IFN1 pathway yet did not affect growth of these cells in vitro or ability to form subcutaneous tumors in the syngeneic mice. Remarkably, these cells exhibited a notably accelerated growth when transplanted orthotopically into mammary glands. Importantly, in human patients with either ER+ or ER- breast cancers, high levels of IFNAR1 were associated with poor prognosis. We discuss the putative mechanisms underlying the pro-tumorigenic role of IFNAR1 in malignant breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Odnokoz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy R Peck
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Albert J Kovatich
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hooke
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine , Windber, PA, USA
| | - Edith P Mitchell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Autenshlyus A, Arkhipov S, Mikhailova E, Marinkin I, Arkhipova V, Varaksin N. The Relationship Between Cytokine Production, CSF2RA, and IL1R2 Expression in Mammary Adenocarcinoma, Tumor Histopathological Parameters, and Lymph Node Metastasis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819883626. [PMID: 31635541 PMCID: PMC6806119 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819883626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cytokine production,
GM-CSF receptor (CSF2RA), and IL-1 receptor (IL1R2) expression in mammary adenocarcinoma
and their association with it histopathological parameters and lymph node
metastasis. Methods: We analyzed tumor biopsy samples (cultured in vitro) from 50 women
(aged 43-75) with invasive ductal mammary adenocarcinomas. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay method the concentrations of interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 8,
interleukin 10, interleukin 17, interleukin 18, interleukin 1β, interleukin 1Ra, tumor
necrosis factor α, interferon γ, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte
macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor A were
determined in culture supernatants. The expression of CSF2RA and IL1R2 in tumor biopsy
was evaluated by immunohistochemical method. Results: We showed that the “cytokine profile” of a tumor (the ability of tumor cells and its
microenvironment to produce different cytokines) is very individual. It has been shown
that the features of the cytokine profile of the mammary adenocarcinoma are important
for the formation and realization of the metastatic potential of the mammary
adenocarcinoma. We found correlations between some histopathological parameters of
mammary adenocarcinoma and coefficients KGM-CSF/CSF2RA and
KIL-1β/IL1R2, which are the ratios of concentrations of granulocyte
macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin -1β to expression of CSF2RA and
IL1R2, respectively. KGM-CSF/CSF2RA positively correlated with highly
differentiated cells, and KIL-1β/IL1R2 positively correlated with the number
of mitoses, poorly differentiated cells, and a number of lymph nodes with metastases.
KGM-CSF/CSF2RA positively correlated with the concentrations of interleukin
6, interleukin 8, interleukin 1Ra, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
KIL-1β/IL1R2 positively correlated with concentrations of interleukin 1β
and interferon γ and negative correlated with the concentrations of vascular endothelial
growth factor A and tumor necrosis factor α. It is shown that KIL-1β/IL1R2
can be considered as a prognostic indicator predicting the probability of mammary
adenocarcinoma metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Conclusions: The ratios of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 1β
cytokines, produced in tumor, to the expression of CSF2RA and IL1R2 depend on levels of
interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor A and are important
factors affecting the progression and metastasis of the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Autenshlyus
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Arkhipov
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Mikhailova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Michishita M, Saito N, Nozawa S, Furumoto R, Nakagawa T, Sato T, Ochiai K, Azakami D, Katayama K, Nakahira R, Tazaki H, Machida Y, Ishiwata T. Metabolite profiling in sphere-forming cells from canine mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1238-1248. [PMID: 31308293 PMCID: PMC6785626 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer consists of heterogeneous cells that contain a small population of cells that possess stem cell properties; these cells, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating
cells, are involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Using a sphere-forming assay, canine mammary CSCs were found to be similar to human breast CSCs. Metabolic reprogramming has been
recognized as a hallmark of various cancers. However, the significance of cellular metabolism in CSCs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to define the metabolic characteristics of
CSCs derived from canine mammary tumors and gain an understanding of the maintenance of stemness. We identified metabolite profiles of canine mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines using gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolites were extracted from both adherent and sphere-forming cells derived from three cell lines. Sphere-forming cells were separated from adherent
cells using an orthogonal, partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Sphere-forming cells were found to contain high levels of the amino acids alanine, glycine and proline compared with
adherent cells. They also had high levels of palmitoleate, palmitate and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid compared with adherent cells. In a sphere-forming assay, palmitate increased the number
of spheres for all cell lines. These results indicate that the sphere-forming cells derived from canine mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines have specific metabolic profiles that may be useful
for the development of CSC-specific therapies targeting metabolic pathways and potential stemness biomarkers; these results also clarify the maintenance of stemness in canine mammary
CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Namika Saito
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nozawa
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Rina Furumoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Touko Sato
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, School of Veterinary Nursing, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kinya Katayama
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Rei Nakahira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tazaki
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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9
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Soto-Mercado V, Mendivil-Perez M, Urueña-Pinzon C, Fiorentino S, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. TPEN Exerts Antitumor Efficacy in Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma Through an H2O2 Signaling Mechanism Dependent on Caspase-3. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:1617-1628. [PMID: 29697031 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180426111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. N, N, N', N'-Tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN) is a lipid-soluble zinc metal chelator that induces apoptosis in cancer cells through oxidative stress (OS). However, the effectiveness and the mechanisms involved in TPENinduced cell death in mammary adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo are still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of TPEN in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs, as normal control cells) and mammary adenocarcinoma cancer cells (TS/A cells) in vitro and in a mammary tumor model in vivo. METHODS Cells were treated with TPEN (0-3 µM), and changes in nuclear chromatin and DNA, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation and the cell cycle were also analyzed. Cellular markers of apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot. Finally, the effect of TPEN in a mammary adenocarcinoma tumor model in vivo was determined by immunohistological analyses. RESULTS TPEN induced apoptosis in TS/A cells in a dose-dependent manner, increasing nuclear chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and ΔΨm loss. Additionally, TPEN increased dichlorofluorescein fluorescence (DCF+) intensity, indicative of ROS production; increased DJ-1-Cys106-sulfonate expression, a marker of intracellular H2O2 stress; induced p53 and PUMA upregulation; and activated caspase-3. Moreover, TPEN induced mammary cancer cell elimination and tumor size reduction in vivo 48 h after treatment through an OS-induced apoptotic mechanism. CONCLUSION TPEN selectively induces apoptosis in TS/A cells through an H2O2-mediated signaling pathway. Our findings support the use of TPEN as a potential treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Soto-Mercado
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412; SIU Medellin, Colombia
| | - Miguel Mendivil-Perez
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412; SIU Medellin, Colombia
| | - Claudia Urueña-Pinzon
- Grupo de Inmunobiologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412; SIU Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412; SIU Medellin, Colombia
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Autenshlyus A, Arkhipov S, Mikhailova E, Arkhipova V, Varaksin N. VEGF-R2 and TNF-R1 expression and cytokine production by samples of mammary adenocarcinomas and correlations with histopathological parameters of these malignant tumors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:2058738418787990. [PMID: 29985074 PMCID: PMC6073826 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418787990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the role of cytokines in the tumor progression, including breast cancer, is universally recognized. At the same time, there are still many questions concerning the role of individual cytokines and receptors for cytokines in various morphogenetic processes underlying the tumor progression. The objective of this work was to study cytokine production and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R2 and VEGF-R1 expression by mammary adenocarcinoma (MAC) and the correlations with histopathological parameters of malignant tumors. The object of the study was cultured tumor biopsy samples from 47 women aged 43-75 years with invasive ductal carcinoma, which was classified as grade II-III adenocarcinoma. It was shown that the cytokine profiles of the supernatants of MAC samples from patients differ greatly. A correlation between the levels of VEGF-R2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1 expression was observed. Correlations were also revealed during analysis of the relations of histopathological MAC indicators with KVEGF-R2/VEGF-A and KTNF-R1/TNF-α coefficients, which are equal, respectively, to the ratio of expression values of receptors VEGF-R2 and TNF-R1 to the concentrations of the relevant cytokines (VEGF-A and TNF-α) in the culture supernatants of the same MAC samples. A direct correlation was identified between KVEGF-R/VEGF-A and some histopathological MAC characteristics: proportion of cells undergoing mitosis or pathological mitosis in MAC and poorly differentiated cells. KVEGF-R2/VEGF-A directly correlated with the concentration in supernatant interleukin (IL)-18 and interferon (IFN)-γ. KTNF-R1/TNF-α was inversely correlated with the concentration in supernatant of IL-1Ra, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The data obtained show that the high-level production of IL-18 and IL-1β by MAC, overexpression of VEGF-R2 in tumor (at relatively low VEGF-A production), and the high level of IFN-γ production are attributed factors contributing to the formation of a population of low-grade cells in the tumor. The factors regulating the population of moderately differentiated cells in the tumor are referred to as IL-1Ra, IL-8, and GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Autenshlyus
- 1 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,2 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Arkhipov
- 1 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,2 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,3 Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Central Research Laboratory, Novosibirsk State Medical University
| | - Elena Mikhailova
- 1 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,2 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Astakhova TM, Morozov AV, Erokhov PA, Mikhailovskaya MI, Akopov SB, Chupikova NI, Safarov RR, Sharova NP. Combined Effect of Bortezomib and Menadione Sodium Bisulfite on Proteasomes of Tumor Cells: The Dramatic Decrease of Bortezomib Toxicity in a Preclinical Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E351. [PMID: 30257462 PMCID: PMC6209890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth is associated with elevated proteasome expression and activity. This makes proteasomes a promising target for antitumor drugs. Current antitumor drugs such as bortezomib that inhibit proteasome activity have significant side effects. The purpose of the present study was to develop effective low-toxic antitumor compositions with combined effects on proteasomes. For compositions, we used bortezomib in amounts four and ten times lower than its clinical dose, and chose menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) as the second component. MSB is known to promote oxidation of NADH, generate superoxide radicals, and as a result damage proteasome function in cells that ensure the relevance of MSB use for the composition development. The proteasome pool was investigated by the original native gel electrophoresis method, proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity-by Suc-LLVY-AMC-hydrolysis. For the compositions, we detected 10 and 20 μM MSB doses showing stronger proteasome-suppressing and cytotoxic in cellulo effects on malignant cells than on normal ones. MSB indirectly suppressed 26S-proteasome activity in cellulo, but not in vitro. At the same time, MSB together with bortezomib displayed synergetic action on the activity of all proteasome forms in vitro as well as synergetic antitumor effects in cellulo. These findings determine the properties of the developed compositions in vivo: antitumor efficiency, higher (against hepatocellular carcinoma and mammary adenocarcinoma) or comparable to bortezomib (against Lewis lung carcinoma), and drastically reduced toxicity (LD50) relative to bortezomib. Thus, the developed compositions represent a novel generation of bortezomib-based anticancer drugs combining high efficiency, low general toxicity, and a potentially expanded range of target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Astakhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Morozov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Intracellular Proteolysis, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel A Erokhov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Maria I Mikhailovskaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey B Akopov
- Laboratory of Human Genes Structure and Functions, Shemyakin⁻Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalia I Chupikova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ruslan R Safarov
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalia P Sharova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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12
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Autenshlyus A, Arkhipov S, Mikhailova E, Marinkin I, Arkhipova V, Mogilnaya E, Varaksin N, Rukavishnikov M. Cytokine production in mammary adenocarcinoma and its microenvironmental cells in patients with or without metastases in regional lymph nodes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:308-314. [PMID: 28745079 PMCID: PMC5815260 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017720055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of formation of a sufficiently autonomous cytokine network in a malignant tumour has emerged. In this regard, the data on the role of this network and its signalling pathways in the process of metastasis are an interesting topic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytokine-producing potential of mammary adenocarcinoma (MAC; and cells of its microenvironment) from patients with or without metastases in regional lymph nodes (LNs). By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of culture supernatants, we studied the cytokine production by biopsy samples of MAC: spontaneous and stimulated by polyclonal activators (PAs: phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide). The levels of spontaneous production of interleukin (IL)-10 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the amounts of IL-2, IL-10, G-CSF and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) produced during stimulation by PAs, as well as the index of stimulation by polyclonal activators (ISPA) for IL-2 production, were lower for MAC with LN metastasis than for MAC without LN metastasis. The levels of spontaneous production of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ and the ISPA for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production were higher for MAC with LN metastasis. There were only three pairwise correlations between the produced cytokines that were specific to MAC with LN metastasis: IL-2 and IFN-γ, IL-6 and GM-CSF, and IL-8 and GM-CSF. There were 10 pairwise correlations between the produced cytokines that were specific to nonmetastasising MAC: IL-6 and IL-10, IL-6 and MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-10, IL-8 and MCP-1, IL-10 and G-CSF, IL-10 and MCP-1, IFN-γ and MCP-1, MCP-1 and G-CSF, G-CSF and IL-1Ra, and GM-CSF and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Our data indicate that metastatic tumours show desynchronisation of many pathways of induction and synthesis of cytokines that are characteristic of nonmetastatic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Autenshlyus
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Arkhipov
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Mikhailova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor Marinkin
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Hoai NT, Duc HV, Thao DT, Orav A, Raal A. Selectivity of Pinus sylvestris extract and essential oil to estrogen-insensitive breast cancer cells Pinus sylvestris against cancer cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S290-5. [PMID: 26664017 PMCID: PMC4653339 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: So far, the anticancer action of pine tree extracts has mainly been shown for the species distributed widely around the Asian countries. Objective: Therefore, this study was performed to examine the potential cytotoxicity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) native also to the European region and growing widely in Estonia. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activity of methanol extract and essential oil of Scots pine needles was determined by sulforhodamine B assay in different human cancer cell lines. Results: This needle extract was found to suppress the viability of several human cancer cell lines showing some selectivity to estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231(half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] 35 μg/ml) in comparison with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (IC50 86 μg/ml). It is the strongest cytotoxic effect at all measured, thus far for the needles and leaves extracts derived from various pine species, and is also the first study comparing the anticancer effects of pine tree extracts on molecularly different human breast cancer cells. The essential oil showed the stronger cytotoxic effect to both negative and positive breast cancer cell lines (both IC50 29 μg/ml) than pine extract (IC50 42 and 80 μg/ml, respectively). Conclusion: The data from this report indicate that Scots pine needles extract and essential oil exhibits some potential as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent for mammary tumors unresponsive to endocrine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hoai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Ho Viet Duc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thao
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anne Orav
- Institute of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ain Raal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Al-Wasaby S, de Miguel D, Aporta A, Naval J, Conde B, Martínez-Lostao L, Anel A. In vivo potential of recombinant granulysin against human tumors. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1036213. [PMID: 26405603 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1036213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9 kDa granulysin is a protein present in the granules of human CTL and NK cells, with cytolytic activity against microbes and tumors. Previous work from our group demonstrated that this granulysin isoform induced apoptosis in vitro on hematological tumor cells and on primary tumor cells from B-CLL patients. In the present work, recombinant 9 kDa granulysin was used as an anti-tumoral agent to study its in vivo effect on tumor development in athymic "nude" mice models bearing human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 or multiple myeloma NCI-H929-derived xenografts. Granulysin prevented the in vivo development of detectable MDA-MB-231-derived tumors. In addition, recombinant granulysin was able to completely eradicate NCI-H929-derived tumors. All granulysin-treated tumors exhibited signs of apoptosis induction and an increased NK cell infiltration inside the tumor tissue comparing to control ones. Moreover, no in vivo deleterious effects of the recombinant 9 kDa granulysin doses used in this study were observed on the skin or on the internal organs of the animals. In conclusion, granulysin was able to inhibit the progression of MDA-MB-231-derived xenografts and also to eradicate multiple myeloma NCI-H929-derived xenografts. This work opens the door to the initiation of preclinical and possibly clinical studies for the use of 9 kDa granulysin as a new anti-tumoral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Al-Wasaby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology; Apoptosis Immunity & Cancer Group; Faculty of Sciences; University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute ; Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology; Apoptosis Immunity & Cancer Group; Faculty of Sciences; University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute ; Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adriana Aporta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology; Apoptosis Immunity & Cancer Group; Faculty of Sciences; University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute ; Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology; Apoptosis Immunity & Cancer Group; Faculty of Sciences; University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute ; Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Zaragoza ; Zaragoza, Spain ; These authors share senior authorship
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology; Apoptosis Immunity & Cancer Group; Faculty of Sciences; University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute ; Zaragoza, Spain ; Nanoscience Institute of Aragon ; Zaragoza, Spain ; These authors share senior authorship
| | - Alberto Anel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology; Apoptosis Immunity & Cancer Group; Faculty of Sciences; University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute ; Zaragoza, Spain ; These authors share senior authorship
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15
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Coyne CP, Jones T, Bear R. Influence of Alternative Tubulin Inhibitors on the Potency of a Epirubicin-Immunochemotherapeutic Synthesized with an Ultra Violet Light-Activated Intermediate: Influence of incorporating an internal/integral disulfide bond structure and Alternative Tubulin/Microtubule Inhibitors on the Cytotoxic Anti-Neoplastic Potency of Epirubicin-(C 3-amide)-Anti-HER2/neu Synthesized Utilizing a UV-Photoactivated Anthracycline Intermediate. Cancer Clin Oncol 2012. [PMID: 26225190 DOI: 10.5539/cco.v1n2p49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunochemotherapeutics, epirubicin-(C3-amide)-SS-[anti-HER2/neu] with an internal disulfide bond, and epirubicin-(C3-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] were synthesized utilizing succinimidyl 2-[(4,4'-azipentanamido) ethyl]-1,3'-dithioproprionate or succinimidyl 4,4-azipentanoate respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine the presence of any immunoglobulin fragmentation or IgG-IgG polymerization. Retained HER2/neu binding characteristics of epirubicin-(C3-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] and epirubicin-(C3-amide)-SS-[anti-HER2/neu] were validated by cell-ELISA using a mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3) population that highly over-expresses trophic HER2/neu receptor complexes. Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency of epirubicin-(C3-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] and epirubicin-(C3-amide)-SS-[anti-HER2/neu] between epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10-10 M and 10-6 M was determined by measuring the vitality/proliferation of chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3 cell type). Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency of benzimidazoles (albendazole, flubendazole, membendazole) and griseofulvin were assessed between 0-to-2 μg/ml and 0-to-100 μg/ml respectively while mebendazole and griseofulvin were analyzed at fixed concentrations of 0.35 μg/ml and 35 g/ml respectively in dual combination with gradient concentrations of epirubicin-(C3-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] and epirubicin-(C3-amide)-SS-[anti-HER2/neu]. Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency for epirubicin-(C3-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] and epirubicin-(C3-amide)-SS-[anti-HER2/neu] against chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma (SKBr-3) was nearly identical at epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10-10 M and 10-6 M. The benzimadazoles also possessed cytotoxic anti-neoplastic activity with flubendazole and albendazole being the most and least potent respectively. Similarly, griseofulvin had cytotoxic anti-neoplastic activity and was more potent than methylselenocysteine. Both mebendazole and griseofulvin when applied in dual combination with either epirubicin-(C3-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] or epirubicin-(C3-amide)-SS-[anti-HER2/neu] produced enhanced levels of cytotoxic anti-neoplatic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Coyne
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - Toni Jones
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
| | - Ryan Bear
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
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16
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Coyne CP, Jones T, Bear R. Synthesis of a covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-anti-HER2/neu immunochemotherapeutic utilizing a UV-photoactivated anthracycline intermediate. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:41-55. [PMID: 22191802 PMCID: PMC4361169 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C(3)-monoamine on the carbohydrate moiety (daunosamine -NH(2)-3') of epirubicin was reacted under anhydrous conditions with succinimidyl 4,4-azipentanoate to create a covalent UV-photoactivated epirubicin-(C(3)-amide) intermediate with primary amine-reactive properties. A synthetic covalent bond between the UV-photoactivated epirubicin-(C(3)-amide) intermediate and the ɛ-amine of lysine residues within the amino acid sequence of anti-HER2/neu monoclonal immunoglobulin was subsequently created by exposure to UV light (354 nm) for 15 minutes. Size-separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with immunodetection analysis and chemiluminescent autoradiographic imaging revealed a lack of IgG-IgG polymerization or degradative protein fragmentation of the covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] immunochemotherapeutic. Retained binding-avidity of epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] was validated by cell-ELISA utilizing monolayer populations of chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma SKBr-3 which highly overexpress membrane-associated HER2/neu complexes. Between epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10(-10) to 10(-6) M the covalent epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] immunochemotherapeutic consistently evoked levels of cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency that were highly analogous to chemotherapeutic-equivalent concentrations of epirubicin. Cytotoxic anti-neoplastic potency of epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] against chemotherapeutic-resistant mammary adenocarcinoma SKBr-3 challenged with epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] at an epirubicin-equivalent concentration of 10(-6) M was 88.5% (e.g., 11.5% residual survival). Between final epirubicin-equivalent concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7) M there was a marked threshold increase in the mean cytotoxic anti-neoplastic activity for epirubicin-(C(3)-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] from 9.9% to 66.9% (90.2% to 33.1% residual survival).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody P Coyne
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
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17
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Colombo LL, Juarranz A, Cañete M, Villanueva A, Stockert JC. Photodynamic Therapy of the Murine LM3 Tumor Using Meso-Tetra (4-N,N,N-Trimethylanilinium) Porphine. Int J Biomed Sci 2007; 3:258-62. [PMID: 23675051 PMCID: PMC3614653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is based on the cytotoxicity induced by a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen and visible light, resulting in cell death and tumor regression. This work describes the response of the murine LM3 tumor to PDT using meso-tetra (4-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium) porphine (TMAP). BALB/c mice with intradermal LM3 tumors were subjected to intravenous injection of TMAP (4 mg/kg) followed 24 h later by blue-red light irradiation (λmax: 419, 457, 650 nm) for 60 min (total dose: 290 J/cm(2)) on depilated and glycerol-covered skin over the tumor of anesthetized animals. Control (drug alone, light alone) and PDT treatments (drug + light) were performed once and repeated 48 h later. No significant differences were found between untreated tumors and tumors only treated with TMAP or light. PDT-treated tumors showed almost total but transitory tumor regression (from 3 mm to less than 1 mm) in 8/9 animals, whereas no regression was found in 1/9. PDT response was heterogeneous and each tumor showed different regression and growth delay. The survival of PDT-treated animals was significantly higher than that of TMAP and light controls, showing a lower number of lung metastasis but increased tumor-draining lymph node metastasis. Repeated treatment and reduction of tissue light scattering by glycerol could be useful approaches in studies on PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. L. Colombo
- Institute of Oncology “A.H. Roffo”, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - A. Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Cañete
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain;
| | - A. Villanueva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain;
| | - J. C. Stockert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, and Center for Biological Research, High Council for Scientific Research, Madrid, Spain
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Orucevic A, Lala PK. Effects of N(g)-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on interleukin-2-induced capillary leakage and antitumor responses in healthy and tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1996; 42:38-46. [PMID: 8625365 PMCID: PMC11037858 DOI: 10.1007/s002620050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We tested whether treatment with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (Ng-methyl-L-arginine, MeArg) can ameliorate interleukin-2(IL-2)-therapy-induced capillary leak syndrome in healthy or tumor-bearing mice without compromising the antitumor effects of IL-2 therapy. Healthy or C3-L5-mammary-adenocarcinoma-bearing C3H/HeJ mice were treated with one or two rounds of various doses of IL-2 (ten injections, i. p., every 8 h) or MeArg (ten injections s. c., every 8 h) or their combination. In an additional experiment, MeArg was given chronically in the drinking water, rather than s. c. to healthy mice subjected to one round of therapy as above. Mice were killed 1 h after their last IL-2 injection to measure the water content of the lungs and pleural cavities (markers of capillary leakage), NO production (given by NO2- and NO3- levels in the serum and pleural effusion), as well as the effect of therapies on the primary tumor size and number of spontaneous lung metastatic nodules. Results revealed that all doses of IL-2 (7500-35000 Cetus U/injection), as well as both rounds of IL-2 therapy, caused capillary leakage. However, no pleural effusion was seen after the second round in any of the IL-2-treated groups. MeArg therapy, given subcutaneously (5-20 mgkg(-1) injection(-1) in healthy and 20 mgkg(-1) injection(-1) in tumor-bearing mice), did not ameliorate IL-2-induced capillary leakage in either group of mice, and did not compromise antitumor effects of IL-2. However, subcutaneous MeArg therapy alone reduced the growth of the primary tumors, the occurrence of lung metastases and the amount of tumor-induced pulmonary edema. When MeArg therapy was given orally (1 mg/ml drinking water), a substantial drop in NO production, as well as reduction in capillary leakage was noted in IL-2-treated healthy mice. These findings suggest that NO inhibitors could be a valuable adjunct to IL-2 therapy of cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orucevic
- Department of Anatomy, University of Western Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Cell lines of rodent origin were tested for susceptibility to infection with rat coronavirus (RCV), including sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) and Parker's rat coronavirus (PRCV). LBC rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells were susceptible only if the cells were treated with diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-D). A recent report that RCVs grow well in L2 mouse fibroblast cells was confirmed and expanded. RCV infection of L2 cells was substantially enhanced by treatment of cells with trypsin but not by treatment with DEAE-D. Primary isolation of SDAV from experimentally infected rats was accomplished using trypsin-treated L2 cells. One of 13 additional cell lines tested (rat urinary bladder epithelium, RBL-02) supported growth of RCVs, and growth was slightly enhanced by DEAE-D, but not by trypsin. These refinements of in vitro growth conditions for RCVs should facilitate further studies of their basic biology and improve options for primary isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gaertner
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Ames IH, Gagne GM, Garcia AM, John PA, Scatorchia GM, Tomar RH, McAfee JG. Preferential homing of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1989; 29:93-100. [PMID: 2720709 PMCID: PMC11038779 DOI: 10.1007/bf00199283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/1988] [Accepted: 01/05/1989] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of the current interest in the use of lymphoid cells in adoptive immunotherapy of patients with advanced cancer, we have studied the homing patterns of various lymphoid effector cells in mammary-tumor-bearing mice. Single-cell suspensions of total splenocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were prepared from the spleens of C3H/OuJ mice. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from mammary adenocarcinomas excised from retired breeder females of the same substrain. Effector cells were labeled with indium-111 and injected via a tail vein into female C3H/OuJ mice bearing one or more mammary tumors. Twenty-four hours after administration, total splenocytes, NK cells, and LAK cells distributed themselves evenly between normal mammary tissue and mammary adenocarcinomas. Only TIL had a higher concentration in tumors than in corresponding normal mammary tissue. The ability of the different lymphocyte preparations to lyse YAC-1 cells was determined by means of a 4-h 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. Cells harvested from LAK cell cultures and further enriched by centrifugation through a discontinuous Percoll gradient and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated TIL demonstrated the highest levels of cytotoxicity, while total splenocytes and fresh TIL were characterized by the lowest levels. Since IL-2-stimulated TIL were highly cytotoxic and exhibited better tumor localization than both NK cells and LAK cells in this system, they may be the lymphoid effectors of choice for adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Ames
- Department of Anatomy, State University of New York, Syracuse 13210
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Ames IH, Gates CE, Garcia AM, John PA, Hennig AK, Tomar RH. Lysis of fresh murine mammary tumor cells by syngeneic natural killer cells and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1987; 25:161-8. [PMID: 3499983 PMCID: PMC11038798 DOI: 10.1007/bf00199142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/1987] [Accepted: 07/03/1987] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the ability of natural killer (NK) cells from two substrains of C3H mice that differ with respect to their susceptibility to the development of mammary adenocarcinomas to lyse fresh syngeneic mammary tumor cells. Single cell suspensions of mammary tumors from retired breeder females were used as targets in 22-h 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assays with syngeneic NK cells. Tumor cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic digestion of finely minced tissue followed by centrifugation through a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Effector cells were prepared by passing spleen cells over nylon wool followed by centrifugation through Percoll fraction 7. Syngeneic NK cells had significant levels of lysis against 5/8 tumors studied. NK cells from low risk animals (C3Heb/FeJ) consistently demonstrated greater cytotoxicity against tumor cell preparations than did effectors from the high tumor substrain (C3H/OuJ). Study of cytocentrifuge preparations stained with Wright-Giemsa revealed that the two substrains were identical with respect to the number of azurophilic granules present in the cytoplasm of their NK cells. We have also shown that lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated from splenocytes in C3H mice. While LAK cells from both substrains were capable of lysing fresh syngeneic mammary tumor cells in vitro, LAK cells from the animals at high risk for the formation of mammary adenocarcinomas had greater cytotoxicity against tumor cell suspensions than LAK cells from the low tumor substrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Ames
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse 13210
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