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Jiang Z, Bakker OJ, Bartolo PJ. Industry 4.0-Compliant Occupational Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevention: Literature Review and Future Directions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:5734. [PMID: 39275645 PMCID: PMC11398138 DOI: 10.3390/s24175734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among prevalent occupational diseases, causing early retirement and disabilities. This paper looks into occupational-related COPD prevention and intervention in the workplace for Industry 4.0-compliant occupation health and safety management. The economic burden and other severe problems caused by COPD are introduced. Subsequently, seminal research in relevant areas is reviewed. The prospects and challenges are introduced and discussed based on critical management approaches. An initial design of an Industry 4.0-compliant occupational COPD prevention system is presented at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jiang
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Otto Jan Bakker
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paulo Jds Bartolo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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2
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Rudzinska-Radecka M, Bańcerowski B, Marczyński R, Mukherjee D, Sikora T, Morawska K, Mielczarek A, Moździerski M, Hajduk B, Kotowicz B. Evaluation of Salivary Biomarkers and Spirometry for Diagnosing COPD in Non-Smokers and Smokers of Polish Origin. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1206. [PMID: 38927413 PMCID: PMC11200520 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition with global implications. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical; however, traditional diagnostic methods (based on spirometry) show limitations, prompting the search for predictive biomarkers and modern diagnostic techniques. This study explored the validation of COPD-related biomarkers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, neutrophil elastase, and alpha-1 antitrypsin) in saliva. A diverse cohort, including healthy non-smokers, healthy smokers, and COPD patients of Polish origin, underwent spirometry and marker analysis. The data correlated with clinical factors, revealing noteworthy relations. Firstly, salivary biomarker levels were compared with serum concentrations, demonstrating notable positive or negative correlations, depending on the factor. Further analysis within healthy individuals revealed associations between biomarker levels, spirometry, and clinical characteristics such as age, sex, and BMI. Next, COPD patients exhibited an enhanced concentration of biomarkers compared to healthy groups. Finally, the study introduced a breathing assessment survey, unveiling significant associations between self-perceived breathing and spirometric and tested parameters. Outcomes emphasized the relevance of subjective experiences in COPD research. In conclusion, this research underscored the potential of salivary biomarkers as diagnostic tools for COPD, offering a non-invasive and accessible alternative to traditional methods. The findings paved the way for improved modern diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzinska-Radecka
- Recumed Ltd., 05-092 Łomianki, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | | | - Debjita Mukherjee
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sikora
- Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Karolina Morawska
- Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland (K.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Mielczarek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Bogdan Hajduk
- TS Out-Patients Clinic for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases, 01-460 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Kotowicz
- Cancer Biomarker and Cytokines Laboratory Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
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3
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Perea L, Faner R, Solarat B, Shoemark A, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD, Sibila O. Low Salivary Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Levels Are Related to Airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Bronchiectasis. Chest 2023; 164:323-326. [PMID: 36898430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Perea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Faner
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Solarat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Respiratory Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Milan, Italy
| | - Oriol Sibila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain; Respiratory Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Zhang J, Chen F, Wang Y, Chen Y. Early detection and prediction of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2023; 1:102-107. [PMID: 39170822 PMCID: PMC11332833 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is an acute worsening of respiratory symptoms, which needs additional treatment and can result in worsening health status, increasing risks of hospitalization and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to early recognize and diagnose exacerbations of COPD. This review introduces the updated definition of COPD exacerbations, the current clinical assessment tools, and the current potential biomarkers. The application of mobile health care in COPD management for early identification and diagnosis is also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Disease, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Disease, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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5
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Dong T, Matos Pires NM, Yang Z, Jiang Z. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Protein Biomarker Detection in Saliva. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205429. [PMID: 36585368 PMCID: PMC9951322 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The focus on precise medicine enhances the need for timely diagnosis and frequent monitoring of chronic diseases. Moreover, the recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 poses a great demand for rapid detection and surveillance of viral infections. The detection of protein biomarkers and antigens in the saliva allows rapid identification of diseases or disease changes in scenarios where and when the test response at the point of care is mandated. While traditional methods of protein testing fail to provide the desired fast results, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials hold perfect characteristics for the detection of biomarkers in point-of-care settings. The recent advances in electrochemical sensors for salivary protein detection are critically reviewed in this work, with emphasis on the role of nanomaterials to boost the biosensor analytical performance and increase the reliability of the test in human saliva samples. Furthermore, this work identifies the critical factors for further modernization of the nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors, envisaging the development and implementation of next-generation sample-in-answer-out systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems‐ IMSFaculty of TechnologyNatural Sciences and Maritime SciencesUniversity of South‐Eastern Norway‐USNP.O. Box 235Kongsberg3603Norway
| | - Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringInternational Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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6
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Babaei M, Rezaei S, Saghafi Khadem S, Shirinbak I, Basir Shabestari S. The Role of Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Systemic and Oral Disorders: A Systematic Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:138. [PMID: 36479533 PMCID: PMC9719583 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood sampling is expensive, time-consuming, invasive, and requires technical facilities, which can be replaced by more convenient samples such as saliva. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker in the management of many disorders and plasma CRP (pCRP) is suggested to be replaced by salivary CRP (sCRP). This study aimed to systematically review all available literature on the sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders and how sCRP and pCRP levels correlate among these patients and healthy individuals. Methods: In this systematic review, a PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar search was conducted on October-2021 to identify all research investigating sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders. Results: A total of 130 publications were analyzed in the review. Most of the studies reported that sCRP and pCRP levels are correlated, and sCRP is a reliable alternative for pCRP level for the diagnosis and management of medical conditions. sCRP has been measured in many different medical and oral disorders and significantly correlated with disease activity in most cases. Conclusion: Salivary CRP is a good alternative for Plasma CRP levels in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Babaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Rezaei
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Saghafi Khadem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Shirinbak
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Samira Basir Shabestari
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Samira Basir Shabestari,
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7
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Dang T, Li Z, Zhao L, Zhang W, Huang L, Meng F, Liu GL, Hu W. Ultrasensitive Detection of C-Reactive Protein by a Novel Nanoplasmonic Immunoturbidimetry Assay. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:958. [PMID: 36354468 PMCID: PMC9688280 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has attracted much attention, and may become the key to a whole new world in the fields of food, agriculture, building materials, machinery, medicine, and electrical engineering, because of its unique physical and chemical properties, including high surface area and outstanding electrical and optical properties. The bottom-up approach in nanofabrication involves the growth of particles, and we were inspired to propose a novel nanoplasmonic method to detect the formation of nanoparticles in real time. This innovative idea may contribute to the promotion of nanotechnology development. An increase in nanometer particle size leads to optical extinction or density (OD)-value changes in our nanosensor chip at a specific wavelength measured in a generic microplate reader. Moreover, in applying this method, an ultrasensitive nanoplasmonic immunoturbidimetry assay (NanoPITA) was carried out for the high-throughput quantification of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-known biomarker of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and tumor diseases. The one-step detection of the CRP concentration was completed in 10 min with high fidelity, using the endpoint analysis method. The new NanoPITA method not only produced a linear range from 1 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL CRP with the detection limit reduced to 0.54 ng/mL, which was an improvement of over 1000 times, with respect to regular immunoturbidity measurement, but was also effective in blood detection. This attractive method, combined with surface plasmon resonance and immunoturbidimetry, may become a new technology platform in the application of biological detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Dang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 1-3-7 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gang Logan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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8
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López-Martínez MJ, Escribano D, Martínez-Miró S, Ramis G, Manzanilla EG, Tecles F, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ. Measurement of procalcitonin in saliva of pigs: a pilot study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:139. [PMID: 35428339 PMCID: PMC9011990 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a widely used biomarker of sepsis in human medicine and can have potential applications in the veterinary field. This study aimed to explore whether PCT could be measured in the saliva of pigs and whether its concentration changes in sepsis. Therefore, a specific assay was developed and analytically validated, and changes in PCT concentration were evaluated in two conditions: a) in an experimental model of sepsis produced by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to pigs (n = 5), that was compared with a model of non-septic inflammation induced by turpentine oil (n = 4), and b) in healthy piglets (n = 11) compared to piglets with meningitis (n = 20), a disease that usually involves sepsis and whose treatment often requires large amounts of antibiotics in farms.
Results
The assay showed coefficients of variation within the recommended limits and adequate linearity after serial sample dilutions. The method's detection limit was set at 68 μg/L, and the lower limit of quantification was 414 μg/L. In the LPS experiment, higher concentrations of PCT were found after 24 h in the animals injected with LPS (mean = 5790 μg/L) compared to those treated with turpentine oil (mean = 2127 μg/L, P = 0.045). Also, animals with meningitis had higher concentrations of PCT (mean = 21515 μg/L) than healthy pigs (mean = 6096 μg/L, P value < 0.0001).
Conclusions
According to these results, this assay could be potentially used as a tool for the non-invasive detection of sepsis in pigs, which is currently a topic of high importance due to antibiotic use restriction.
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He G, Dong T, Yang Z, Branstad A, Huang L, Jiang Z. Point-of-care COPD diagnostics: biomarkers, sampling, paper-based analytical devices, and perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1273-1293. [PMID: 35113085 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the third leading cause of global death. Insufficiency in early diagnosis and treatment of COPD, especially COPD exacerbations, leads to a tremendous economic burden and medical costs. A cost-effective and timely prevention requires decentralized point-of-care diagnostics at patients' residences at affordable prices. Advances in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics may offer new solutions to reduce medical expenditures by measuring salivary and blood biomarkers. Among them, paper-based analytical devices have been the most promising candidates due to their advantages of being affordable, biocompatible, disposable, scalable, and easy to modify. In this review, we present salivary and blood biomarkers related to COPD endotypes and exacerbations, summarize current technologies to collect human whole saliva and whole blood samples, evaluate state-of-the-art paper-based analytical devices that detect COPD biomarkers in saliva and blood, and discuss existing challenges with outlooks on future paper-based POC systems for COPD diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China.,Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Are Branstad
- University of Southeast Norway (USN), School of Business, Box 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Lan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
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10
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Li CX, Zhang L, Yan YR, Ding YJ, Lin YN, Zhou JP, Li N, Li HP, Li SQ, Sun XW, Li QY. A narrative review of exploring potential salivary biomarkers in respiratory diseases: still on its way. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4541-4553. [PMID: 34422380 PMCID: PMC8339781 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is abundant with proteins, metabolites, DNA, and a diverse range of bacterial species. During the past two decades, saliva has emerged as a novel diagnostic and evaluation medium for several diseases. Collection of saliva samples is simple, minimally invasive, and convenient even in infants, children, and patients with anxious. Furthermore, with the development of hypersensitive techniques [e.g., microsensor arrays, enzyme-labeled immunosensors, nanoparticle-labeled immunosensors, capacitive or impedimetric immunosensors, magneto immunosensors, field effect transistor immunosensors, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)], the sensitivity and accuracy of saliva diagnostic procedures have been improved. Nowadays, saliva has been used as a potential medium for several disease diagnosis and assessment, such as periodontitis, caries, cancers, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Saliva has been used widely for studying microbiomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of respiratory diseases, however, the use of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of respiratory disease is still in its infancy. Herein, we review the progress of research on salivary biomarkers related to several respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Furthermore, several limitations of saliva test such as the lack of standard protocol for saliva collection and reasonable reference values for saliva test are also mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jie Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ni Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Patel N, Kinmond K, Jones P, Birks P, Spiteri MA. Validation of COPDPredict™: Unique Combination of Remote Monitoring and Exacerbation Prediction to Support Preventative Management of COPD Exacerbations. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1887-1899. [PMID: 34188465 PMCID: PMC8232856 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s309372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPDPredict™ is a novel digital application dedicated to providing early warning of imminent COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) exacerbations for prompt intervention. Exacerbation prediction algorithms are based on a decision tree model constructed from percentage thresholds for disease state changes in patient-reported wellbeing, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Our study determined the validity of COPDPredict™ to identify exacerbations and provide timely notifications to patients and clinicians compared to clinician-defined episodes. Methods In a 6-month prospective observational study, 90 patients with COPD and frequent exacerbations registered wellbeing self-assessments daily using COPDPredict™ App and measured FEV1 using connected spirometers. CRP was measured using finger-prick testing. Results Wellbeing self-assessment submissions showed 98% compliance. Ten patients did not experience exacerbations and treatment was unchanged. A total of 112 clinician-defined exacerbations were identified in the remaining 80 patients: 52 experienced 1 exacerbation; 28 had 2.2±0.4 episodes. Sixty-two patients self-managed using prescribed rescue medication. In 14 patients, exacerbations were more severe but responded to timely escalated treatment at home. Four patients attended the emergency room; with 2 hospitalised for <72 hours. Compared to the 6 months pre-COPDPredict™, hospitalisations were reduced by 98% (90 vs 2, p<0.001). COPDPredict™ identified COPD-related exacerbations at 7, 3 days (median, IQR) prior to clinician-defined episodes, sending appropriate alerts to patients and clinicians. Cross-tabulation demonstrated sensitivity of 97.9% (95% CI 95.7-99.2), specificity of 84.0% (95% CI 82.6-85.3), positive and negative predictive value of 38.4% (95% CI 36.4-40.4) and 99.8% (95% CI 99.5-99.9), respectively. Conclusion High sensitivity indicates that if there is an exacerbation, COPDPredict™ informs patients and clinicians accurately. The high negative predictive value implies that when an exacerbation is not indicated by COPDPredict™, risk of an exacerbation is low. Thus, COPDPredict™ provides safe, personalised, preventative care for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Patel
- Directorate of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK.,Directorate of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kathryn Kinmond
- Directorate of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK.,Department of Health & Social care, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Pauline Jones
- Directorate of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Pamela Birks
- Directorate of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Monica A Spiteri
- Directorate of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
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12
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Characterization of the COPD Salivary Fingerprint through Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030508. [PMID: 33809282 PMCID: PMC7999017 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a debilitating pathology characterized by reduced lung function, breathlessness and rapid and unrelenting decrease in quality of life. The severity rate and the therapy selection are strictly dependent on various parameters verifiable after years of clinical observations, missing a direct biomarker associated with COPD. In this work, we report the methodological application of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy combined with Multivariate statistics for the analysis of saliva samples collected from 15 patients affected by COPD and 15 related healthy subjects in a pilot study. The comparative Raman analysis allowed to determine a specific signature of the pathological saliva, highlighting differences in determined biological species, already studied and characterized in COPD onset, compared to the Raman signature of healthy samples. The unsupervised principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed a sharp data dispersion between the two experimental groups. Using the linear discriminant analysis, we created a classification model able to discriminate the collected signals with accuracies, specificities, and sensitivities of more than 98%. The results of this preliminary study are promising for further applications of Raman spectroscopy in the COPD clinical field.
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13
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Janigro D, Bailey DM, Lehmann S, Badaut J, O'Flynn R, Hirtz C, Marchi N. Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts. Front Neurol 2021; 11:577312. [PMID: 33613412 PMCID: PMC7890078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.577312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the neurovascular unit (NVU), the blood–brain barrier (BBB) operates as a key cerebrovascular interface, dynamically insulating the brain parenchyma from peripheral blood and compartments. Increased BBB permeability is clinically relevant for at least two reasons: it actively participates to the etiology of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and it enables the diagnosis of neurological disorders based on the detection of CNS molecules in peripheral body fluids. In pathological conditions, a suite of glial, neuronal, and pericyte biomarkers can exit the brain reaching the peripheral blood and, after a process of filtration, may also appear in saliva or urine according to varying temporal trajectories. Here, we specifically examine the evidence in favor of or against the use of protein biomarkers of NVU damage and BBB permeability in traumatic head injury, including sport (sub)concussive impacts, seizure disorders, and neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease. We further extend this analysis by focusing on the correlates of human extreme physiology applied to the NVU and its biomarkers. To this end, we report NVU changes after prolonged exercise, freediving, and gravitational stress, focusing on the presence of peripheral biomarkers in these conditions. The development of a biomarker toolkit will enable minimally invasive routines for the assessment of brain health in a broad spectrum of clinical, emergency, and sport settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Janigro
- Department of Physiology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,FloTBI Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Badaut
- Brain Molecular Imaging Lab, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Robin O'Flynn
- IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS-U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
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14
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Chávez-Alderete J, Gochicoa-Rangel L, Del-Río-Hidalgo R, Guerrero-Zúñiga S, Mora-Romero U, Benítez-Pérez R, Rodríguez-Moreno L, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Vargas MH. Salivary concentrations of cytokines and other analytes in healthy children. Cytokine 2020; 138:155379. [PMID: 33271384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood has been the usual biological fluid for measuring analytes, but there is mounting evidence that saliva may be also useful for detecting cytokines in a noninvasive way. Thus, in this study we aimed to determine concentration of cytokines and other analytes in saliva from a population of healthy children. METHODS We collected un-stimulated whole saliva samples from clinically healthy children, and concentration of 17 cytokines and 12 other analytes were measured in supernatants. All values were adjusted by albumin content and were log-transformed before multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS We included 114 children (53.5% females) between 6.0 and 11.9 years old. The highest concentrations (medians, pg/µg albumin) were seen for visfatin (183.70) and adiponectin (162.26) and the lowest for IL-13 and IL-2 (~0.003). Albumin concentration was associated with age (rS = 0.39, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, five analytes (C peptide, ghrelin, GLP-1, glucagon, leptin) inversely correlated with age and positively with height-for-age. Age was also positively associated with PAI-1, while height-for-age was also positively associated with insulin and visfatin. Finally, BMI-for-age had a positive correlation with GM-CSF and insulin. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we provided concentration values for 29 analytes in saliva from healthy children that may be useful as preliminary reference framework in the clinical research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Chávez-Alderete
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Gochicoa-Rangel
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Del-Río-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selene Guerrero-Zúñiga
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uri Mora-Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosaura Benítez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Torre-Bouscoulet
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Good W, Mooney S, Zeng I, Taylor S, Jayaram L, Holland D, Diggins B, Wong C. Sputum procalcitonin levels in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Health Sci Rep 2020; 3:e203. [PMID: 33313422 PMCID: PMC7695307 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Good
- Department of Respiratory MedicineMiddlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sarah Mooney
- Department of Respiratory MedicineMiddlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Irene Zeng
- Research Office, Middlemore HospitalCounties Manukau District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Susan Taylor
- Department of MicrobiologyMiddlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Lata Jayaram
- Department of Respiratory MedicineWestern HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Melbourne Medical SchoolThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David Holland
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMiddlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benjamin Diggins
- Department of Respiratory MedicineMiddlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Conroy Wong
- Department of Respiratory MedicineMiddlemore Hospital, Counties Manukau District Health BoardAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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16
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Dong T, Santos S, Yang Z, Yang S, Kirkhus NE. Sputum and salivary protein biomarkers and point-of-care biosensors for the management of COPD. Analyst 2020; 145:1583-1604. [PMID: 31915768 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the most fatal diseases of the century considering mortality and morbidity levels worldwide. This disease is an inflammatory response to environmental stress and tobacco smoking. Although spirometry is the gold-standard diagnostic test administrated in primary and secondary care, it often exhibits low accuracy in cases of predicting disease worsening and possible bias due to the operator, patient, and conditions. Recent developments in proteomics research suggest that the presence of protein biomarkers can aid in the accurate diagnosis and prediction of disease outcomes. This review presents the cutting-edge research progress in the area of protein biomarkers towards the management of COPD. The literature review was confined to protein biomarkers in saliva and sputum because testing these bodily fluids shows great promise for point-of-care (POC) testing due to its practicality, non-invasiveness and inexpensive handling and sampling. Although it is conclusive that more studies on sputum and saliva are needed, this review studies the promising clinical value of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and neutrophil elastase (NE). Following the critical analysis of salivary and sputum biomarkers, the recent development of POC biosensors for the multiplexed detection of biomarkers is also reported. Overall, the review aims to explore the possibility for the future development of POC sensors for chronic lung disease management utilizing clinically relevant biomarkers in saliva and sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Simão Santos
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Niels E Kirkhus
- Horten Kommune - Kommuneoverlege, Enhetsleder Legetjenester, Vestfold, Norway
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17
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Hao W, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang P. Severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with 'exacerbator with emphysema phenotype' is associated with potential biomarkers. Postgrad Med J 2019; 96:28-32. [PMID: 31375557 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the biomarkers levels of fractalkine (FKN), neutrophil elastase (NE) and matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with 'exacerbator with emphysema phenotype' and to evaluate the associations between the biomarkers levels and the severity of disease by spirometric measurements. METHODS A total of 84 COPD patients and 49 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. ELISA were utilised to detect the FKN, MMP-12 and NE in serum from all subjects. RESULTS FKN (p<0.001), NE (p=0.039) and MMP-12 (p<0.001) in serum of COPD patients showed higher levels than that of healthy control subjects. Serum FKN (p<0.001), MMP-12 (p<0.001) and NE (p=0.043) levels were significantly higher in severe and very severe COPD patients than that in mild and moderate COPD patients. Circulating FKN, MMP-12 and NE expression levels were significantly elevated (p<0.001) in COPD smokers compared with COPD non-smokers. The smoke pack years were negatively correlated with FEV1%pred (r=-0.5036), FEV1/FVC ratio (r=-0.2847) (FEV, forced expiratory volume; FVC, forced vital capacity). Similarly, we observed a strong positive correlation between the smoke pack years and serum levels of FKN (r=0.4971), MMP-12 (r=0.4315) and NE (r=0.2754). FEV1%pred was strongly negatively correlated with cytokine levels of FKN (r=-0.4367), MMP-12 (r=-0.3295) and NE (r=-0.2684). Likewise, FEV1/FVC ratio was negatively correlated with mediators of inflammation levels of FKN (r=-0.3867), MMP-12 (r=-0.2941) and NE (r=-0.2153). CONCLUSION Serum FKN, MMP-12 and NE concentrations in COPD patients are directly associated with the severity of COPD with 'exacerbator with emphysema phenotype'. This finding suggests that FKN, MMP-12 and NE might play an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Hao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | - Cailian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, China
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18
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Thulborn SJ, Mistry V, Brightling CE, Moffitt KL, Ribeiro D, Bafadhel M. Neutrophil elastase as a biomarker for bacterial infection in COPD. Respir Res 2019; 20:170. [PMID: 31362723 PMCID: PMC6668103 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predominantly associated with neutrophilic inflammation. Active neutrophil elastase (NE) is a serine proteinase, secreted by neutrophils, in response to inflammation and pathogen invasion. We sought to investigate if NE could be used as a biomarker for bacterial infection in patients with COPD. METHODS NE was quantified using ProteaseTag® Active NE Immunoassay (ProAxsis, Belfast) from the sputum of COPD subjects at stable state, exacerbation and 2 weeks post treatment visit. RESULTS NE was measured in 90 samples from 30 COPD subjects (18 males) with a mean (range) age of 65 (45-81) years and mean (SD) FEV1 of 47% (18). The geometric mean (95%CI) of NE at stable state was 2454 ng/mL (1460 to 4125 ng/mL). There was a significant increase in NE levels at an exacerbation (p = 0.003), and NE levels were higher in a bacterial-associated exacerbation (NE log difference 3.873, 95% CI of log difference 1.396 to 10.740, p = 0.011). NE was an accurate predictor of a bacteria-associated exacerbation (area (95%CI) under the receiver operator characteristic curve 0.812 (0.657 to 0.968). CONCLUSION NE is elevated during exacerbations of COPD. NE may be a viable biomarker for distinguishing a bacterial exacerbation in patients with COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Rutland ethics committee (reference number: 07/H0406/157).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Thulborn
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 7, Oxford, OX3 7DU, UK. .,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Vijay Mistry
- Institute of Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 7, Oxford, OX3 7DU, UK
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19
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Landau ER, Trinder J, Simmons JG, Raniti M, Blake M, Waloszek JM, Blake L, Schwartz O, Murray G, Allen NB, Byrne ML. Salivary C-reactive protein among at-risk adolescents: A methods investigation of out of range immunoassay data. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:104-111. [PMID: 30219639 PMCID: PMC6231987 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory markers including C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are increasingly used within research and clinical settings. Yet, varying methodologies for cleaning immunoassay data with out of range (OOR) samples may alter characteristic levels of CRP, thereby obscuring interpretation and reliability. This study investigated the influence of eight immunoassay OOR data treatment techniques on salivary CRP (sCRP) samples from at-risk adolescents. Participants from the 'Sleep and Education: learning New Skills Early' (SENSE) Study were 86 adolescents at-risk for depression (50 female), aged 14.29 years (SD = 1.04). ANOVA results showed no statistically significant differences in average morning (F(7, 590) = 1.24, p = .28) and evening (F(7, 599)=1.29, p = .25) values produced by each OOR data cleaning technique. However, varying techniques produced differences in the magnitude of Pearson's correlations between consecutive saliva samples (r's between 0.27-0.78), and influenced the significance of a sCRP diurnal pattern; two techniques produced statistically higher morning than evening sCRP levels (t(85) = 2.70, p = .01 and t(85) = 2.67, p = .01), whereas six techniques failed to find statistical differences between morning and evening sCRP levels (p's >.05). Varying techniques also produced statistically divergent associations between sCRP and age and depressive symptoms. Results from this study provide evidence for the temporal stability of sCRP among adolescents, show winsorization as an effective OOR data management technique, and highlight the influence of methodological decisions in cleaning salivary biomarker data and the need for consistency within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Landau
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - J Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - J G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Raniti
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - M Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - J M Waloszek
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - L Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - O Schwartz
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
| | - G Murray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 427-451 Burwood Road, Hawthorne, Victoria, 3122 Australia
| | - N B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, 12th loor Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon, 97403 USA
| | - M L Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Avenue, Eugene, Oregon, 97403 USA.
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20
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Proteases and Their Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090244. [PMID: 30154365 PMCID: PMC6162857 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of respiratory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite much development in the area of drug development, currently there are no effective medicines available for the treatment of this disease. An imbalance in the protease: Antiprotease ratio in the COPD lung remains an important aspect of COPD pathophysiology and several studies have shown the efficacy of antiprotease therapy in both in vitro and in vivo COPD models. However more in-depth studies will be required to validate the efficacy of lead drug molecules targeting these proteases. This review discusses the current status of protease-directed drugs used for treating COPD and explores the future prospects of utilizing the potential of antiprotease-based therapeutics as a treatment for this disease.
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21
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Truba TN, Doan J, Currie CL, Copeland JL. Short-term changes in daily movement behaviour influence salivary C-reactive protein in healthy women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:854-856. [PMID: 29499122 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of changing daily movement behaviour on C-reactive protein (CRP) measured in saliva. Two groups of women either reduced daily movement or increased physical activity for 10 days. Salivary CRP increased by 31% in the sedentary group (0.378 ± 0.596 to 0.487 ± 0.793 μg·L-1) and decreased by 22% in the active group (0.414 ± 0.640 to 0.259 ± 0.284 μg·L-1). These results suggest short-term changes in daily movement behaviour can affect salivary CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taura N Truba
- a Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jon Doan
- a Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Currie
- b Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Copeland
- a Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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22
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Schulz-Fincke AC, Tikhomirov AS, Braune A, Girbl T, Gilberg E, Bajorath J, Blaut M, Nourshargh S, Gütschow M. Design of an Activity-Based Probe for Human Neutrophil Elastase: Implementation of the Lossen Rearrangement To Induce Förster Resonance Energy Transfers. Biochemistry 2018; 57:742-752. [PMID: 29286643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase is an important regulator of the immune response and plays a role in host defense mechanisms and further physiological processes. The uncontrolled activity of this serine protease may cause severe tissue alterations and impair inflammatory states. The design of an activity-based probe for human neutrophil elastase reported herein relies on a sulfonyloxyphthalimide moiety as a new type of warhead that is linker-connected to a coumarin fluorophore. The inhibitory potency of the activity-based probe was assessed against several serine and cysteine proteases, and the selectivity for human neutrophil elastase (Ki = 6.85 nM) was determined. The adequate fluorescent tag of the probe allowed for the in-gel fluorescence detection of human neutrophil elastase in the low nanomolar range. The coumarin moiety and the anthranilic acid function of the probe, produced in the course of a Lossen rearrangement, were part of two different Förster resonance energy transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Christina Schulz-Fincke
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander S Tikhomirov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Gause Institute of New Antibiotics , 11 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russia
| | - Annett Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tamara Girbl
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn , Dahlmannstrasse 2, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn , Dahlmannstrasse 2, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn , An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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23
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Ahmad Z, Harvey RM, Paton JC, Standish AJ, Morona R. Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae OM001 operon in capsular polysaccharide production, virulence and survival in human saliva. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190402. [PMID: 29293606 PMCID: PMC5749783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in all ages worldwide, and with ever-increasing antibiotic resistance, the understanding of its pathogenesis and spread is as important as ever. Recently, we reported the presence of a Low Molecular Weight Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMWPTP) Spd1837 in the pneumococcus. This protein is encoded in an operon, OM001 with two other genes, with previous work implicating this operon as important for pneumococcal virulence. Thus, we set out to investigate the role of the individual genes in the operon during pneumococcal pathogenesis. As LMWPTPs play a major role in capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis in many bacteria, we tested the effect of mutating spd1837 and its adjacent genes, spd1836 and spd1838 on CPS levels. Our results suggest that individual deletion of the genes, including the LMWPTP, did not modulate CPS levels, in multiple conditions, and in different strain backgrounds. Following in vivo studies, Spd1836 was identified as a novel virulence factor during pneumococcal invasive disease, in both the lungs and blood, with this protein alone responsible for the effects of operon’s role in virulence. We also showed that a deletion in spd1836, spd1838 or the overall OM001 operon reduced survival in human saliva during the conditions that mimic transmission compared to the wildtype strain. With studies suggesting that survival in human saliva may be important for transmission, this study identifies Spd1836 and Spd1838 as transmission factors, potentially facilitating the spread of the pneumococcus from person to person. Overall, this study hopes to further our understanding of the bacterial transmission that precedes disease and outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleeza Ahmad
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard M. Harvey
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alistair J. Standish
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Renato Morona
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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24
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Giddings O, Esther CR. Mapping targetable inflammation and outcomes with cystic fibrosis biomarkers. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:S21-S28. [PMID: 28714611 PMCID: PMC5664212 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by an overly exuberant neutrophilic inflammatory response to pathogens and other stimuli that starts very early in disease. The overwhelming nature of this response is a primary cause of remodeling and destruction of the airways, suggesting that anti-inflammatory therapies could be beneficial in CF. However, finding therapies that can effectively reduce the inflammatory response without compromising host defenses remains elusive. New approaches towards mapping inflammatory targets promise to aid in developing novel therapeutic strategies and improve outcomes in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Giddings
- Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles R Esther
- Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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25
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Arellano-Orden E, Calero-Acuña C, Cordero JA, Abad-Arranz M, Sánchez-López V, Márquez-Martín E, Ortega-Ruiz F, López-Campos JL. Specific networks of plasma acute phase reactants are associated with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:67-74. [PMID: 28138311 PMCID: PMC5278661 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. A detailed understanding of the intricate relationships between different acute phase reactants (APRs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can shed new light on its clinical course. In this case-control study, we sought to identify the interaction networks of a number of plasma APRs in COPD, with a special focus on their association with disease severity. Methods. COPD cases and healthy smoking controls (3:1 ratio) were recruited in our outpatient pulmonary clinic. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was used to rule out the presence of ischemic heart disease. All subjects were males as per protocol. Multiple plasma APRs - including α-2-macroglobulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, procalcitonin (PCT), serum amyloid A (SAA), serum amyloid P, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - were measured using commercial Acute Phase Bio-Plex Pro Assays and analyzed on the Bio-Plex manager software. Correlations between different APRs were investigated using a heat map. Network visualization and analyses were performed with the Cytoscape software platform. Results. A total of 96 COPD cases and 33 controls were included in the study. Plasma A2M, CRP, and SAP levels were higher in COPD patients than in controls. Circulating concentrations of haptoglobin and tPA were found to increase in parallel with the severity of the disease. Increasing disease severity was associated with distinct intricate networks of APRs, which were especially evident in advanced stages. Conclusions. We identified different networks of APRs in COPD, which were significantly associated with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arellano-Orden
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Calero-Acuña
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain;; Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocío. Seville, Spain;; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Cordero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - María Abad-Arranz
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocío. Seville, Spain
| | - Verónica Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo Márquez-Martín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain;; Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocío. Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain;; Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocío. Seville, Spain;; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain;; Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocío. Seville, Spain;; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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