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Zheng X, Zheng Y, Chen T, Hou C, Zhou L, Liu C, Zheng J, Hu R. Effect of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (P-CAB) on the Microbiological Comprise of the Laryngopharynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1380-1390. [PMID: 38385787 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To probe the microbiota composition progressing from healthy individuals to those with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and subsequently undergoing potassium-competitive acid inhibitor (P-CAB) therapy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Academic Medical Center. METHODS Forty patients with LPRD and 51 patients without LPRD were recruited. An 8-week P-CAB therapy was initiated (post-T-LPRD), and 39 had return visits. In total, 130 laryngopharyngeal saliva samples were collected and sequenced by targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using an Illumina MiSeq. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and clinical indices were analyzed. RESULTS Alpha and beta diversities were compared among the non-LPRD, LPRD, and post-T-LPRD groups, and the Observed_ASVs were not significantly different. At the same time, the Shannon and Simpson indices, unweighted Unifrac, weighted Unifrac, and binary Jaccard distance were significantly different between non-LPRD and LPRD groups. In addition, significant differences were found in the abundance of Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Prevotellaceae in the LPRD versus non-LPRD groups, and Neisseria, Leptotrichia, and Allprevotella in the LPRD versus post-T-LPRD groups. The genera model was used to distinguish patients with LPRD from those without, and a better receiver operating characteristic curve was formed after combining the clinical indices of reflux symptom index, reflux finding score, and pepsin, with an area under the curve of 0.960. CONCLUSION Laryngopharyngeal microbial communities changed after laryngopharyngeal reflux and were modified further after P-CAB treatment, which provides a potential diagnostic value for LPRD, especially when combined with clinical indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujin Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenjie Hou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Renyou Hu
- Chongqing Jinshan Science & Technology (Group) Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
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Perdijk O, Azzoni R, Marsland BJ. The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:835-879. [PMID: 38059886 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade of microbiome research has highlighted its fundamental role in systemic immune and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome plays a prominent role during gestation and into early life, when maternal lifestyle factors shape immune development of the newborn. Breast milk further shapes gut colonization, supporting the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and harmless antigens while preventing outgrowth of pathogens. Environmental microbial and lifestyle factors that disrupt this process can dysregulate immune homeostasis, predisposing infants to atopic disease and childhood asthma. In health, the low-biomass lung microbiome, together with inhaled environmental microbial constituents, establishes the immunological set point that is necessary to maintain pulmonary immune defense. However, in disease perturbations to immunological and physiological processes allow the upper respiratory tract to act as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which can colonize the diseased lung and cause severe inflammation. Studying these host-microbe interactions in respiratory diseases holds great promise to stratify patients for suitable treatment regimens and biomarker discovery to predict disease progression. Preclinical studies show that commensal gut microbes are in a constant flux of cell division and death, releasing microbial constituents, metabolic by-products, and vesicles that shape the immune system and can protect against respiratory diseases. The next major advances may come from testing and utilizing these microbial factors for clinical benefit and exploiting the predictive power of the microbiome by employing multiomics analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rossana Azzoni
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Characterizing the Mechanisms of Metalaxyl, Bronopol and Copper Sulfate against Saprolegnia parasitica Using Modern Transcriptomics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091524. [PMID: 36140692 PMCID: PMC9498376 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saprolegniasis, which is caused by Saprolegnia parasitica, leads to considerable economic losses. Recently, we showed that metalaxyl, bronopol and copper sulfate are good antimicrobial agents for aquaculture. In the current study, the efficacies of metalaxyl, bronopol and copper sulfate are evaluated by in vitro antimicrobial experiments, and the mechanism of action of these three antimicrobials on S. parasitica is explored using transcriptome technology. Finally, the potential target genes of antimicrobials on S. parasitica are identified by protein–protein interaction network analysis. Copper sulfate had the best inhibitory effect on S. parasitica, followed by bronopol. A total of 1771, 723 and 2118 DEGs upregulated and 1416, 319 and 2161 DEGs downregulated S. parasitica after three drug treatments (metalaxyl, bronopol and copper sulfate), separately. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis also determined that there were 17, 19 and 13 significantly enriched metabolic pathways. PPI network analysis screened out three important proteins, and their corresponding genes were SPRG_08456, SPRG_03679 and SPRG_10775. Our results indicate that three antimicrobials inhibit S. parasitica growth by affecting multiple biological functions, including protein synthesis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. Additionally, the screened key genes can be used as potential target genes of chemical antimicrobial drugs for S. parasitica.
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The pulmonary microbiome. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:217-221. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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The Interaction among Microbiota, Epigenetic Regulation, and Air Pollutants in Disease Prevention. J Pers Med 2021; 12:jpm12010014. [PMID: 35055330 PMCID: PMC8777767 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants can influence microbiota variety, with important implications for the general wellbeing of organisms. In subjects at high-risk of cancer, gut, and lung microbiota are distinct from those of low-risk subjects, and disease progression is associated with microbiota alterations. As with many inflammatory diseases, it is the combination of specific host and environmental factors in certain individuals that provokes disease outcomes. The microbiota metabolites influence activity of epigenetic enzymes. The knowledge of the mechanisms of action of environmental pollution now includes not only the alteration of the gut microbiota but also the interaction between different human microbiota niches such as the lung–gut axis. The epigenetic regulations can reprogram differentiated cells in response to environmental changes. The microbiota can play a major role in the progression and suppression of several epigenetic diseases. Accordingly, the maintenance of a balanced microbiota by monitoring the environmental stimuli provides a novel preventive approach for disease prevention. Metagenomics technologies can be utilized to establish new mitigation approaches for diseases induced by polluted environments. The purpose of this review is to examine the effects of particulate matter exposure on the progression of disease outcomes as related to the alterations of gut and lung microbial communities and consequent epigenetic modifications.
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6
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Mongodin EF, Saxena V, Iyyathurai J, Lakhan R, Ma B, Silverman E, Lee ZL, Bromberg JS. Chronic rejection as a persisting phantom menace in organ transplantation: a new hope in the microbiota? Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:567-581. [PMID: 34714788 PMCID: PMC8556501 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. During organ transplantation, perturbations in microbiota influence transplant outcome. We review recent advances in characterizing microbiota and studies on regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function and mucosal and systemic immunity by microbiota and their metabolites. We discuss implications of these interactions on transplant outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Metagenomic approaches have helped the research community identify beneficial and harmful organisms. Microbiota regulates intestinal epithelial functions. Signals released by epithelial cells or microbiota trigger pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on innate and adaptive immune cells, influencing the structure and function of the immune system. Assessment and manipulation of microbiota can be used for biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. SUMMARY The bidirectional dialogue between the microbiota and immune system is a major influence on immunity. It can be targeted for biomarkers or therapy. Recent studies highlight a close association of transplant outcomes with microbiota, suggesting exciting potential avenues for management of host physiology and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel F. Mongodin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma Silverman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachariah L. Lee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ng J, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Begley L, Huang YJ, Poli S, Perrella MA, Rosas IO, Moss J, El-Chemaly S. The lung microbiome in end-stage Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Respir Res 2021; 22:277. [PMID: 34702264 PMCID: PMC8549264 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive cystic lung disease with mortality driven primarily by respiratory failure. Patients with LAM frequently have respiratory infections, suggestive of a dysregulated microbiome. Here we demonstrate that end-stage LAM patients have a distinct microbiome signature compared to patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lesa Begley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yvonne J Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sergio Poli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Seibert B, Cáceres CJ, Cardenas-Garcia S, Carnaccini S, Geiger G, Rajao DS, Ottesen E, Perez DR. Mild and Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Respiratory and Intestinal Microbiome Changes in the K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mouse Model. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0053621. [PMID: 34378965 PMCID: PMC8455067 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00536-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in millions of deaths and declining economies around the world. K18-hACE2 mice develop disease resembling severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in a virus dose-dependent manner. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the intestinal or respiratory microbiome is not fully understood. In this context, we characterized the cecal and lung microbiomes of SARS-CoV-2-challenged K18-hACE2 transgenic mice in the presence or absence of treatment with the Mpro inhibitor GC-376. Cecum microbiome showed decreased Shannon and inverse (Inv) Simpson diversity indexes correlating with SARS-CoV-2 infection dosage and a difference of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity distances among control and infected mice. Bacterial phyla such as Firmicutes, particularly, Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae, were significantly less abundant, while Verrucomicrobia, particularly, the family Akkermansiaceae, were increasingly more prevalent during peak infection in mice challenged with a high virus dose. In contrast to the cecal microbiome, the lung microbiome showed similar microbial diversity among the control, low-, and high-dose challenge virus groups, independent of antiviral treatment. Bacterial phyla in the lungs such as Bacteroidetes decreased, while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly enriched in mice challenged with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, we identified changes in the cecal and lung microbiomes of K18-hACE2 mice with severe clinical signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths. The host's respiratory and intestinal microbiome can affect directly or indirectly the immune system during viral infections. We characterized the cecal and lung microbiomes in a relevant mouse model challenged with a low or high dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the presence or absence of an antiviral Mpro inhibitor, GC-376. Decreased microbial diversity and taxonomic abundances of the phyla Firmicutes, particularly, Lachnospiraceae, correlating with infection dosage were observed in the cecum. In addition, microbes within the family Akkermansiaceae were increasingly more prevalent during peak infection, which is observed in other viral infections. The lung microbiome showed similar microbial diversity to that of the control, independent of antiviral treatment. Decreased Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were observed in the lungs in a virus dose-dependent manner. These studies add to a better understanding of the complexities associated with the intestinal microbiome during respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - C. Joaquín Cáceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- Tifton Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, USA
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniela S. Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ottesen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Mitchell AB, Glanville AR. The Impact of Resistant Bacterial Pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia on Lung Transplant Outcomes. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:436-448. [PMID: 34030205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas and Burkholderia are gram-negative organisms that achieve colonization within the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, and are associated with accelerated pulmonary function decline. Multidrug resistance is a hallmark of these organisms, which makes eradication efforts difficult. Furthermore, the literature has outlined increased morbidity and mortality for lung transplant (LTx) recipients infected with these bacterial genera. Indeed, many treatment centers have considered Burkholderia cepacia infection an absolute contraindication to LTx. Ongoing research has delineated different species within the B. cepacia complex (BCC), with significantly varied morbidity and survival profiles. This review considers the current evidence for LTx outcomes between the different subspecies encompassed within these genera as well as prophylactic and management options. The availability of meta-genomic tools will make differentiation between species within these groups easier in the future, and will allow more evidence-based decisions to be made regarding suitability of candidates colonized with these resistant bacteria for LTx. This review suggests that based on the current evidence, not all species of BCC should be considered contraindications to LTx, going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B Mitchell
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allan R Glanville
- Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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McGinniss JE, Whiteside SA, Simon-Soro A, Diamond JM, Christie JD, Bushman FD, Collman RG. The lung microbiome in lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:733-744. [PMID: 34120840 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture-independent study of the lower respiratory tract after lung transplantation has enabled an understanding of the microbiome - that is, the collection of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and their respective gene complement - in this niche. The lung has unique features as a microbial environment, with balanced entry from the upper respiratory tract, clearance, and local replication. There are many pressures impacting the microbiome after transplantation, including donor allograft factors, recipient host factors such as underlying disease and ongoing exposure to the microbe-rich upper respiratory tract, and transplantation-related immunosuppression, antimicrobials, and postsurgical changes. To date, we understand that the lung microbiome after transplant is dysbiotic; that is, it has higher biomass and altered composition compared to a healthy lung. Emerging data suggest that specific microbiome features may be linked to host responses, both immune and non-immune, and clinical outcomes such as chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), but many questions remain. The goal of this review is to put into context our burgeoning understanding of the lung microbiome in the postlung transplant patient, the interactions between microbiome and host, the role the microbiome may play in post-transplant complications, and critical outstanding research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E McGinniss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha A Whiteside
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Community Oral Health and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua M Diamond
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason D Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fredrick D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Nutritional immunity: the impact of metals on lung immune cells and the airway microbiome during chronic respiratory disease. Respir Res 2021; 22:133. [PMID: 33926483 PMCID: PMC8082489 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional immunity is the sequestration of bioavailable trace metals such as iron, zinc and copper by the host to limit pathogenicity by invading microorganisms. As one of the most conserved activities of the innate immune system, limiting the availability of free trace metals by cells of the immune system serves not only to conceal these vital nutrients from invading bacteria but also operates to tightly regulate host immune cell responses and function. In the setting of chronic lung disease, the regulation of trace metals by the host is often disrupted, leading to the altered availability of these nutrients to commensal and invading opportunistic pathogenic microbes. Similarly, alterations in the uptake, secretion, turnover and redox activity of these vitally important metals has significant repercussions for immune cell function including the response to and resolution of infection. This review will discuss the intricate role of nutritional immunity in host immune cells of the lung and how changes in this fundamental process as a result of chronic lung disease may alter the airway microbiome, disease progression and the response to infection.
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12
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Banday MM, Kumar A, Vestal G, Sethi J, Patel KN, O'Neill EB, Finan J, Cheng F, Lin M, Davis NM, Goldberg H, Coppolino A, Mallidi HR, Dunning J, Visner G, Gaggar A, Seyfang A, Sharma NS. N-myc-interactor mediates microbiome induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition and is associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:447-457. [PMID: 33781665 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests a role for lung microbiome in occurrence of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). However, the mechanisms linking the microbiome to CLAD are poorly delineated. We investigated a possible mechanism involved in microbial modulation of mucosal response leading to CLAD with the hypothesis that a Proteobacteria dominant lung microbiome would inhibit N-myc-interactor (NMI) expression and induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS Explant CLAD, non-CLAD, and healthy nontransplant lung tissue were collected, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage from 14 CLAD and matched non-CLAD subjects, which were followed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) or PsA-lipopolysaccharide was cocultured with primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC). Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) PCR was performed to evaluate NMI expression and EMT in explants and in PsA-exposed PBECs. These experiments were repeated after siRNA silencing and upregulation (plasmid vector) of EMT regulator NMI. RESULTS 16S rRNA amplicon analyses revealed that CLAD patients have a higher abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and reduced abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes. At the genera level, CLAD subjects had an increased abundance of genera Pseudomonas and reduced Prevotella. Human CLAD airway cells showed a downregulation of the N-myc-interactor gene and presence of EMT. Furthermore, exposure of human primary bronchial epithelial cells to PsA resulted in downregulation of NMI and induction of an EMT phenotype while NMI upregulation resulted in attenuation of this PsA-induced EMT response. CONCLUSIONS CLAD is associated with increased bacterial biomass and a Proteobacteria enriched airway microbiome and EMT. Proteobacteria such as PsA induces EMT in human bronchial epithelial cells via NMI, demonstrating a newly uncovered mechanism by which the microbiome induces cellular metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir M Banday
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Archit Kumar
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grant Vestal
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Jaskaran Sethi
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Kapil N Patel
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Edward B O'Neill
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Jon Finan
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Feng Cheng
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Muling Lin
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Nicole M Davis
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Hilary Goldberg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Coppolino
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hari R Mallidi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Dunning
- University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital,Tampa, Florida
| | - Gary Visner
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amit Gaggar
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andreas Seyfang
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nirmal S Sharma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Huizinga GP, Singer BH, Singer K. The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5900580. [PMID: 32880654 PMCID: PMC7499583 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced us to consider the physiologic role of obesity in the response to infectious disease. There are significant disparities in morbidity and mortality by sex, weight, and diabetes status. Numerous endocrine changes might drive these varied responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including hormone and immune mediators, hyperglycemia, leukocyte responses, cytokine secretion, and tissue dysfunction. Studies of patients with severe COVID-19 disease have revealed the importance of innate immune responses in driving immunopathology and tissue injury. In this review we will describe the impact of the metabolically induced inflammation (meta-inflammation) that characterizes obesity on innate immunity. We consider that obesity-driven dysregulation of innate immune responses may drive organ injury in the development of severe COVID-19 and impair viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle P Huizinga
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Kanakadurga Singer, MD, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, D1205 MPB, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. E-mail:
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14
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Ocáriz-Díez M, Cruellas M, Gascón M, Lastra R, Martínez-Lostao L, Ramírez-Labrada A, Paño JR, Sesma A, Torres I, Yubero A, Pardo J, Isla D, Gálvez EM. Microbiota and Lung Cancer. Opportunities and Challenges for Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568939. [PMID: 33117698 PMCID: PMC7552963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in molecular biology and the emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) have revealed that microbiome composition is closely related with health and disease, including cancer. This relationship affects different levels of cancer such as development, progression, and response to treatment including immunotherapy. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may be influenced by the concomitant use of antibiotics before, during or shortly after treatment with ICIs. Nevertheless, the linking mechanism between microbiote, host immunity and cancer is not clear and the role of microbiota manipulation and analyses in cancer management has not been clinically validated yet. Regarding the use of microbiome as biomarker to predict ICI efficacy it has been recently shown that the use of biochemical serum markers to monitor intestinal permeability and loss of barrier integrity, like citrulline, could be useful to monitor microbiota changes and predict ICI efficacy. There are still many unknowns about the role of these components, their relationship with the microbiota, with the use of antibiotics and the response to immunotherapy. The next challenge in microbiome research will be to identify individual microbial species that causally affect lung cancer phenotypes and response to ICI and disentangle the underlying mechanisms. Thus, further analyses in patients with lung cancer receiving treatment with ICIs and its correlation with the composition of the microbiota in different organs including the respiratory tract, peripheral blood and intestinal tract could be useful to predict the efficacy of ICIs and its modulation with antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Ocáriz-Díez
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mara Cruellas
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Gascón
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lastra
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Inmunology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Nanoscience Institute, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Materials Science Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramírez-Labrada
- Unidad de Nanotoxicología e Inmunotoxicología (UNATI), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ramón Paño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Sesma
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Torres
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alfonso Yubero
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID Foundation (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine Network (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Isla
- Medical Oncology Department, Lozano Blesa University Clinical Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva M Gálvez
- Instituto de Carboquimica (ICB-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Zaragoza, Spain
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