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Thawornpan P, Nicholas J, Malee C, Kochayoo P, Wangriatisak K, Tianpothong P, Ntumngia FB, J. Barnes S, H. Adams J, Chootong P. Longitudinal analysis of antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax sporozoite antigens following natural infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011907. [PMID: 38277340 PMCID: PMC10817200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P. vivax malaria is a major global health burden hindering social and economic development throughout many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Pre-erythrocytic (PE) vaccines emerge as an attractive approach for the control and elimination of malaria infection. Therefore, evaluating the magnitude, longevity and prevalence of naturally acquired IgG antibody responses against PE candidate antigens is useful for vaccine design. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The antigenicity of five recombinant PE antigens (PvCSP-VK210, PvSSP3, PvM2-MAEBL, PvCelTOS and PvSPECT1) was evaluated in plasma samples from individuals residing in low transmission areas in Thailand (Ranong and Chumphon Provinces). The samples were collected at the time of acute vivax malaria and 90, 270 and 360 days later. The prevalence, magnitude and longevity of total IgG and IgG subclasses were determined for each antigen using the longitudinal data. Our results showed that seropositivity of all tested PE antigens was detected during infection in at least some subjects; anti-PvCSP-VK210 and anti-PvCelTOS antibodies were the most frequent. Titers of these antibodies declined during the year of follow up, but notably seropositivity persisted. Among seropositive subjects at post-infection, high number of subjects possessed antibodies against PvCSP-VK210. Anti-PvSSP3 antibody responses had the longest half-life. IgG subclass profiling showed that the predominant subclasses were IgG1 and IgG3 (cytophilic antibodies), tending to remain detectable for at least 360 days after infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrated the magnitude and longevity of serological responses to multiple PE antigens of P. vivax after natural infection. This knowledge could contribute to the design of an effective P. vivax vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Thawornpan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Justin Nicholas
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chayapat Malee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawan Kochayoo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittikorn Wangriatisak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pachara Tianpothong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francis Babila Ntumngia
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Barnes
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - John H. Adams
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cesar G, Natale MA, Albareda MC, Alvarez MG, Lococo B, De Rissio AM, Fernandez M, Castro Eiro MD, Bertocchi G, White BE, Zabaleta F, Viotti R, Tarleton RL, Laucella SA. B-Cell Responses in Chronic Chagas Disease: Waning of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells Following Successful Etiological Treatment. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:1322-1332. [PMID: 36571148 PMCID: PMC10226662 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A drawback in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is the long time required to achieve complete loss of serological reactivity, the standard for determining treatment efficacy. METHODS Antibody-secreting cells and memory B cells specific for Trypanosoma cruzi and their degree of differentiation were evaluated in adult and pediatric study participants with chronic Chagas disease before and after etiological treatment. RESULTS T. cruzi-specific antibody-secreting cells disappeared from the circulation in benznidazole or nifurtimox-treated participants with declining parasite-specific antibody levels after treatment, whereas B cells in most participants with unaltered antibody levels were low before treatment and did not change after treatment. The timing of the decay in parasite-specific antibody-secreting B cells was similar to that in parasite-specific antibodies, as measured by a Luminex-based assay, but preceded the decay in antibody levels detected by conventional serology. The phenotype of total B cells returned to a noninfection profile after successful treatment. CONCLUSIONS T. cruzi-specific antibodies in the circulation of chronically T. cruzi-infected study participants likely derive from both antigen-driven plasmablasts, which disappear after successful treatment, and long-lived plasma cells, which persist and account for the low frequency and long course to complete seronegative conversion in successfully treated participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cesar
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben,”Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Natale
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben,”Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Albareda
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben,”Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M G Alvarez
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Lococo
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M De Rissio
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben,”Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Fernandez
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben,”Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M D Castro Eiro
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben,”Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Bertocchi
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B E White
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - F Zabaleta
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Viotti
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R L Tarleton
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S A Laucella
- Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben,”Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Chagas Disease Unit, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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da Veiga GTS, Moriggi MR, Vettorazzi JF, Müller-Santos M, Albrecht L. Plasmodium vivax vaccine: What is the best way to go? Front Immunol 2023; 13:910236. [PMID: 36726991 PMCID: PMC9885200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most devastating human infectious diseases caused by Plasmodium spp. parasites. A search for an effective and safe vaccine is the main challenge for its eradication. Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent Plasmodium species and the most geographically distributed parasite and has been neglected for decades. This has a massive gap in knowledge and consequently in the development of vaccines. The most significant difficulties in obtaining a vaccine against P. vivax are the high genetic diversity and the extremely complex life cycle. Due to its complexity, studies have evaluated P. vivax antigens from different stages as potential targets for an effective vaccine. Therefore, the main vaccine candidates are grouped into preerythrocytic stage vaccines, blood-stage vaccines, and transmission-blocking vaccines. This review aims to support future investigations by presenting the main findings of vivax malaria vaccines to date. There are only a few P. vivax vaccines in clinical trials, and thus far, the best protective efficacy was a vaccine formulated with synthetic peptide from a circumsporozoite protein and Montanide ISA-51 as an adjuvant with 54.5% efficacy in a phase IIa study. In addition, the majority of P. vivax antigen candidates are polymorphic, induce strain-specific and heterogeneous immunity and provide only partial protection. Nevertheless, immunization with recombinant proteins and multiantigen vaccines have shown promising results and have emerged as excellent strategies. However, more studies are necessary to assess the ideal vaccine combination and test it in clinical trials. Developing a safe and effective vaccine against vivax malaria is essential for controlling and eliminating the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what is already known to propose and identify new candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Tatiane Soares da Veiga
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Parasites Research, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil,Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Nitrogen Fixation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Letusa Albrecht
- Laboratory of Apicomplexan Parasites Research, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Curitiba, Brazil,*Correspondence: Letusa Albrecht,
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