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Toh SC, Lihan S, Bunya SR, Leong SS. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Cassia alata (Linn.) leaves, stem, and root extracts against cellulitis causative agent Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:85. [PMID: 36934252 PMCID: PMC10024395 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulitis is a common skin disease encountered in medical emergencies in hospitals. It can be treated using a combination of antibiotics therapy; however, the causative agent Staphylococcus aureus has been reported to develop resistance towards the currently used antibiotics. Therefore, the search for more alternative herbal origin antimicrobial agents is critical. AIM In this study, maceration and Soxhlet extraction of the whole plant of Cassia alata Linn. (leaves, roots, and stem) were performed using four solvents with different polarities, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and distilled water. The crude extracts were screened using agar well diffusion, colorimetric broth microdilution, grid culture and bacterial growth curve analysis against Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemicals in the crude extracts were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Agar-well diffusion analysis revealed that extraction using ethyl acetate showed the largest inhibition zone with an average diameter of 15.30 mm (root Soxhlet extract) followed by 14.70 mm (leaf Soxhlet extract) and 13.70 mm (root maceration extract). The lowest minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration in root Soxhlet extract using ethyl acetate was 0.313 and 0.625 µg µL-1, respectively. Our study proved that crude extract of the plant suppressed the growth of S. aureus as evidenced from a significant regression extension (p < 0.06, p = 0.00003) of lag phase for 6 h after the treatment with increased concentration. Based on the GC-MS analysis, 88 phytochemicals consist of fatty acids, esters, alkanes, phenols, fatty alcohols, sesquiterpenoids and macrocycle that possibly contributed to the antimicrobial properties were identified, 32 of which were previously characterized for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Ethyl acetate crude extract was better than the other investigated solvents. The root and stem of C. alata showed significant antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus in this study. The remaining 56 out of 88 phytochemicals of the plant should be intensively studied for more medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Chiew Toh
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Samuel Lihan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Scholastica Ramih Bunya
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sui Sien Leong
- Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
- Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Samy MN, Mahmoud BK, Shady NH, Abdelmohsen UR, Ross SA. Bioassay-Guided Fractionation with Antimalarial and Antimicrobial Activities of Paeonia officinalis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238382. [PMID: 36500473 PMCID: PMC9739537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation technique of roots of Paeonia officinalis led to isolation and structure elucidation of seven known compounds, including four monoterpene glycosides: lactiflorin (1), paeoniflorin (4), galloyl paeoniflorin (5), and (Z)-(1S,5R)-β-pinen-10-yl β-vicianoside (7); two phenolics: benzoic acid (2) and methyl gallate (3); and one sterol glycoside: β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6). The different fractions and the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antimalarial activities. Fraction II and III showed antifungal activity against Candida neoformans with IC50 values of 28.11 and 74.37 µg/mL, respectively, compared with the standard fluconazole (IC50 = 4.68 µg/mL), and antibacterial potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC50 = 20.27 and 24.82 µg/mL, respectively) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (IC50 = 43.21 and 94.4 µg/mL, respectively), compared with the standard meropenem (IC50 = 28.67 and 43.94 µg/mL, respectively). Compounds 3 and 5 showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 with IC50 values of 1.57 and 4.72 µg/mL and P. falciparum W2 with IC50 values of 0.61 and 2.91 µg/mL, respectively, compared with the standard chloroquine (IC50 = 0.026 and 0.14 µg/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Nabil Samy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Basma Khalaf Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Correspondence: (U.R.A.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Samir Anis Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Science, Division of Phamacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
- Correspondence: (U.R.A.); (S.A.R.)
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Sánchez-Alonzo K, Arellano-Arriagada L, Bernasconi H, Parra-Sepúlveda C, Campos VL, Silva-Mieres F, Sáez-Carrillo K, Smith CT, García-Cancino A. An Anaerobic Environment Drives the Harboring of Helicobacter pylori within Candida Yeast Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050738. [PMID: 35625466 PMCID: PMC9139145 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen that is associated with a number of gastric pathologies and has adapted to the gastric environment. Outside this organ, stress factors such as oxygen concentration affect the viability of this bacterium. This study aimed to determine if changes in oxygen concentration promoted the entry of H. pylori into the interior of yeast cells of the Candida genus. Co-cultures of H. pylori and Candida strains in Brucella broth plus 5% fetal bovine serum were incubated under microaerobic, anaerobic, or aerobic conditions. Bacteria-like bodies (BLBs) were detected within yeast cells (Y-BLBs) by optical microscopy, identified by molecular techniques, and their viability evaluated by SYTO-9 fluorescence. Co-cultures incubated under the three conditions showed the presence of Y-BLBs, but the highest Y-BLB percentage was present in H. pylori J99 and C. glabrata co-cultures incubated under anaerobiosis. Molecular techniques were used to identify BLBs as H. pylori and SYTO-9 fluorescence confirmed that this bacterium remained viable within yeast cells. In conclusion, although without apparent stress conditions H. pylori harbors within Candida yeast cells, its harboring increases significantly under anaerobic conditions. This endosymbiotic relationship also depends mostly on the H. pylori strain used in the co-culture. Abstract Helicobacter pylori protects itself from stressful environments by forming biofilms, changing its morphology, or invading eukaryotic cells, including yeast cells. There is little knowledge about the environmental factors that influence the endosymbiotic relationship between bacterium and yeasts. Here, we studied if oxygen availability stimulated the growth of H. pylori within Candida and if this was a bacterial- or yeast strain-dependent relationship. Four H. pylori strains and four Candida strains were co-cultured in Brucella broth plus 5% fetal bovine serum, and incubated under microaerobic, anaerobic, or aerobic conditions. Bacteria-like bodies (BLBs) within yeast cells (Y-BLBs) were detected by microscopy. H. pylori was identified by FISH and by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of H. pylori from total DNA extracted from Y-BLBs from H. pylori and Candida co-cultures. BLBs viability was confirmed by SYTO-9 fluorescence. Higher Y-BLB percentages were obtained under anaerobic conditions and using H. pylori J99 and C. glabrata combinations. Thus, the H. pylori–Candida endosymbiotic relationship is strain dependent. The FISH and PCR results identified BLBs as intracellular H. pylori. Conclusion: Stressful conditions such as an anaerobic environment significantly increased H. pylori growth within yeast cells, where it remained viable, and the bacterium–yeast endosymbiotic relationship was bacterial strain dependent with a preference for C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Sánchez-Alonzo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Luciano Arellano-Arriagada
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | | | - Cristian Parra-Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Víctor L. Campos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile;
| | - Fabiola Silva-Mieres
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Katia Sáez-Carrillo
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile;
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (K.S.-A.); (L.A.-A.); (C.P.-S.); (F.S.-M.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-41-2204144; Fax: +56-41-2245975
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Targeting Cytotoxin-Associated Antigen A, a Virulent Factor of Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Cancer: Structure-Based In Silico Screening of Natural Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030732. [PMID: 35164000 PMCID: PMC8838247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequent cancer and the third major cause of mortality worldwide. Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial infection linked with GC, injects the cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA; an oncoprotein) into host cells. When the phosphorylated CagA protein enters the cell, it attaches to other cellular components, interfering with normal cellular signaling pathways. CagA plays an important role in the progression of GC by interacting with phosphatidylserine of the host cell membrane. Therefore, disrupting the CagA-phosphatidylserine connection using small molecules appears to be a promising therapeutic approach. In this report, we screened the natural compounds from ZINC database against the CagA protein using the bioinformatics tools. Hits were initially chosen based on their physicochemical, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics, as well as other drug-like characteristics. To locate safe and effective hits, the PAINS filter, binding affinities estimation, and interaction analysis were used. Three compounds with high binding affinity and specificity for the CagA binding pocket were discovered. The final hits, ZINC153731, ZINC69482055, and ZINC164387, were found to bind strongly with CagA protein, with binding energies of -11.53, -10.67, and -9.21 kcal/mol, respectively, which were higher than that of the control compound (-7.25 kcal/mol). Further, based on binding affinity and interaction pattern, two leads (ZINC153731, ZINC69482055) were chosen for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. MD results showed that they displayed stability in their vicinity at 100 ns. This study suggested that these compounds could be used as possible inhibitors of CagA protein in the fight against GC. However, additional benchwork tests are required to validate them as CagA protein inhibitors.
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Spiegel M, Krzyżek P, Dworniczek E, Adamski R, Sroka Z. In Silico Screening and In Vitro Assessment of Natural Products with Anti-Virulence Activity against Helicobacter pylori. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010020. [PMID: 35011255 PMCID: PMC8746548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most frequent human pathogens and a leading etiological agent of various gastric diseases. As stringent response, coordinated by a SpoT protein, seems to be crucial for the survivability of H. pylori, the main goal of this article was to use in silico computational studies to find phytochemical compounds capable of binding to the active site of SpoT from H. pylori and confirm the ability of the most active candidates to interfere with the virulence of this bacterium through in vitro experiments. From 791 natural substances submitted for the virtual screening procedure, 10 were chosen and followed for further in vitro examinations. Among these, dioscin showed the most interesting parameters (the lowest MIC, the highest anti-biofilm activity in static conditions, and a relatively low stimulation of morphological transition into coccoids). Therefore, in the last part, we extended the research with a number of further experiments and observed the ability of dioscin to significantly reduce the formation of H. pylori biofilm under Bioflux-generated flow conditions and its capacity for additive enhancement of the antibacterial activity of all three commonly used antibiotics (clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin). Based on these results, we suggest that dioscin may be an interesting candidate for new therapies targeting H. pylori survivability and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Ewa Dworniczek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Adamski
- Laboratory of Microscopic Techniques, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 50-001 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Al-Sayed E, Gad HA, El-Kersh DM. Characterization of Four Piper Essential Oils (GC/MS and ATR-IR) Coupled to Chemometrics and Their anti- Helicobacter pylori Activity. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25652-25663. [PMID: 34632221 PMCID: PMC8495854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Essential oils represent a major class of natural products which are known for their antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to determine the composition of four Piper essential oils by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflection infrared, and chemometric analysis. Results: Monoterpene was the most predominant class in Piper nigrum and white pepper (87.6 and 80%, respectively) with the dominance of α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, and β-caryophyllene. Sesquiterpenes represented 50, 19.6, and 12.3% of the essential oils of Piper longum, white pepper, and P. nigrum, respectively. Unlike other species, Piper cubeba oil was found to be rich in aromatics (59%), with eugenol (10.7%) and methyl eugenol (47.4%) representing the major components along with β-myrcene (21.2%) and 1,8-cineole (6.4%). Only P. longum essential oil comprised about 18.2% of alkanes and 13.6% of alkenes. Application of chemometric analysis utilizing GC/MS and ATR-IR data displayed the same segregation pattern where both principal component analysis and hierarchal cluster analysis revealed that white pepper was most closely related to P. nigrum while being completely discriminated from other Piper species. The Piper oils showed promising inhibitory effects on Helicobacter pylori. P. longum oil recorded the most efficient anti-Helicobacter activity [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.95 μg/ml, which is the same as the MIC of clarithromycin], followed by the oil of white pepper (MIC = 3.90 μg/ml), while P. cubeba and P. nigrum produced the lowest activity (MIC value of 7.81 μg/ml). Conclusion: Piper essential oils can be used as nutritional supplements or therapeutic drugs to protect against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Al-Sayed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy A. Gad
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina M. El-Kersh
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The
British University in Egypt (BUE), 11837 Cairo, Egypt
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Improving Phenolic-Linked Antioxidant, Antihyperglycemic and Antibacterial Properties of Emmer and Conventional Wheat Using Beneficial Lactic Acid Bacteria. Appl Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol1020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-based fermentation is an effective bioprocessing approach to improve human-health-targeted functional benefits of plant-based food substrates, such as cereal grains. Previously, we observed high phenolic bioactive-linked antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties in whole grain Emmer (hulled). In this study, beneficial LAB (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) was recruited to ferment (0–72 h) aqueous extracts (0.4 g/mL concentration) of previously optimized hulled Emmer wheat and conventional red spring wheat cv. Barlow. The fermented and unfermented (control) wheat extracts were analyzed for phenolic content, phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and antihyperglycemic properties (α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity) using in vitro assay models. Additionally, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori, and potential prebiotic activity supporting the growth of beneficial Bifidobacterium longum were also investigated. Improvement in antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic functional benefits were observed, while soluble phenolic content remained high after 72 h fermentation. Antimicrobial activity against H. pylori was also observed in 48 and 72 h fermented wheat extracts. This study provides an insight into the efficacy of LAB-based fermentation as a safe bioprocessing tool to design health-targeted functional foods and ingredients from underutilized whole grains like Emmer for targeting type 2 diabetes dietary benefits.
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do Amaral SC, Santos AV, da Cruz Schneider MP, da Silva JKR, Xavier LP. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of the Amazonian Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain GFB01. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204744. [PMID: 33081080 PMCID: PMC7587573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria exhibit great biotechnological potential due to their capacity to produce compounds with various applicability. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) possess low molecular weight and high vapor pressure. Many volatiles produced by microorganisms have biotechnological potential, including antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the VOCs synthesized by cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain GFB01, and the influence of nitrate and phosphate on its antibacterial potential. The strain was isolated from the surface of the freshwater lagoon Lagoa dos Índios, Amapá state, in Northern Brazil. After cultivation, the VOCs were extracted by a simultaneous distillation-extraction process, using a Likens-Nickerson apparatus (2 h), and then identified by GC-MS. The extracts did not display inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria tested by the disk-diffusion agar method. However, the anti-Salmonella property in both extracts (methanol and aqueous) was detected. The main VOCs identified were heptadecane (81.32%) and octadecyl acetate (11.71%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of VOCs emitted by a cyanobacterium from the Amazon that reports the occurrence of 6-pentadecanol and octadecyl acetate in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Maria Paula da Cruz Schneider
- Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Joyce Kelly Rosário da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.R.d.S.); (L.P.X.); Tel.: +55-91-3201-8426 (J.K.R.d.S.)
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (S.C.d.A.); (A.V.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.R.d.S.); (L.P.X.); Tel.: +55-91-3201-8426 (J.K.R.d.S.)
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Roszczenko-Jasińska P, Wojtyś MI, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Helicobacter pylori treatment in the post-antibiotics era-searching for new drug targets. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9891-9905. [PMID: 33052519 PMCID: PMC7666284 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10945-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Helicobacter pylori, a member of Epsilonproteobacteria, is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes gastric mucosa of about 50% of the human population. Although most infections caused by H. pylori are asymptomatic, the microorganism is strongly associated with serious diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer, and it is classified as a group I carcinogen. The prevalence of H. pylori infections varies worldwide. The H. pylori genotype, host gene polymorphisms, and environmental factors determine the type of induced disease. Currently, the most common therapy to treat H. pylori is the first line clarithromycin–based triple therapy or a quadruple therapy replacing clarithromycin with new antibiotics. Despite the enormous recent effort to introduce new therapeutic regimens to combat this pathogen, treatment for H. pylori still fails in more than 20% of patients, mainly due to the increased prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. In this review we present recent progress aimed at designing new anti-H. pylori strategies to combat this pathogen. Some novel therapeutic regimens will potentially be used as an extra constituent of antibiotic therapy, and others may replace current antibiotic treatments. Key points • Attempts to improve eradication rate of H. pylori infection. • Searching for new drug targets in anti-Helicobacter therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Roszczenko-Jasińska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Univeristy of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marta Ilona Wojtyś
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Univeristy of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warszawa, Poland.,Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, Univeristy of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Elżbieta K Jagusztyn-Krynicka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Univeristy of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warszawa, Poland.
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Park HS, Jeong HY, Kim YS, Seo CS, Ha H, Kwon HJ. Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects of Cheonwangbosim-dan against Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e39. [PMID: 32476313 PMCID: PMC7263912 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are various Helicobacter species colonizing the stomachs of animals. Although Helicobacter species usually cause asymptomatic infection in the hosts, clinical signs can occur due to gastritis associated with Helicobacter in animals. Among them, Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancers. As the standard therapies used to treat H. pylori have proven insufficient, alternative options are needed to prevent and eradicate the diseases associated with this bacterium. Cheonwangbosim-dan (CBD), a traditional herbal formula that is popular in East Asia, has been commonly used for arterial or auricular flutter, neurosis, insomnia, and cardiac malfunction-induced disease. Objectives The present study investigated the antimicrobial effect of CBD on H. pylori-infected human gastric carcinoma AGS cells and model mice. Methods AGS cells were infected with H. pylori and treated with a variety of concentrations of CBD or antibiotics. Mice were given 3 oral inoculations with H. pylori and then dosed with CBD (100 or 500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks or with standard antibiotics for 1 week. One week after the last treatment, gastric samples were collected and examined by histopathological analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting. Results Our results showed that CBD treatment of AGS cells significantly reduced the H. pylori-induced elevations of interleukin-8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In the animal model, CBD treatment inhibited the colonization of H. pylori and the levels of malondialdehyde, inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 in gastric tissues. CBD also decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Conclusions This study suggests that CBD might be a prospective candidate for treating H. pylori-induced gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chang Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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11
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Al-Nemari R, Al-Senaidy A, Semlali A, Ismael M, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Ben Bacha A. GC-MS profiling and assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of extracts of Annona squamosa L. leaves. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:296. [PMID: 33023568 PMCID: PMC7541211 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The research and application of plants in food supplements and drugs have attracted great interest. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of several solvents for the extraction of the main compounds from Annona squamosa leaves and to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of these extracts. Methods Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to screen the bioactive compounds of A. squamosa methanolic extract. The free radical, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging activities of the extracts were investigated. Furthermore, MTT, nuclear staining, LDH, and monolayer wound repair assays were performed to evaluate the potential anticancer activity of the extracts in colon cancer cells while the antibacterial activity was tested by using a well diffusion assay. Results A. squamosa leaves extracts were found to contain several bioactive compounds, of which the majority were sesquiterpenes (C15H24). These extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity and antibacterial potency against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Different A. squamosa leaves extracts displayed remarkable antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antimigration, and apoptotic activities in colon cancer cells. Conclusions A. squamosa leaves contain major bioactive compounds that inhibit the growth of several types of bacteria and colon cancer cell lines, which demonstrated their efficacy as an alternative source of antibiotics and for the development of novel drugs for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Al-Nemari
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Senaidy
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ismael
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Yacine Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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12
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Almeida Furquim de Camargo B, Soares Silva DE, Noronha da Silva A, Campos DL, Machado Ribeiro TR, Mieli MJ, Borges Teixeira Zanatta M, Bento da Silva P, Pavan FR, Gallina Moreira C, Resende FA, Menegário AA, Chorilli M, Vieira de Godoy Netto A, Bauab TM. New Silver(I) Coordination Compound Loaded into Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Strategy to Improve In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2287-2298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anderson Noronha da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Leite Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Júlia Mieli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogerio Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gallina Moreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antônio Menegário
- Environmental Studies Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Rodriguez S, Pertino MW, Arcos C, Reichert L, Echeverria J, Simirgiotis M, Borquez J, Cornejo A, Areche C, Sepulveda B. Isolation, Gastroprotective Effects and Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Lycium Minutifolium J. Remy (Solanaceae). Foods 2020; 9:foods9050565. [PMID: 32375270 PMCID: PMC7278853 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium minutifolium J. Remy (Solanaceae) is commonly used as an infusion in traditional medicine to treat stomach pain, meteorism, intestinal disorders, stomach ailments, and other severe problems including prostate cancer and stomach cancer. From the EtOAc extract of L. minutifolium bark five known metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques. The gastroprotective effects of the EtOAc fraction and edible infusion extract of the bark were assayed on the hydrochloric acid (HCl)/EtOH induced gastric ulcer model in mice to support the traditional use of the plant. The EtOAc extract and the edible infusion showed gastroprotective effect at dose of 100 mg/kg reducing lesions by 31% and 64%, respectively. The gastroprotective action mechanisms of the edible infusion at a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg were evaluated suggesting that prostaglandins, sulfhydryl groups, and nitric oxide are involved in the mode of gastroprotective action. The UHPLC analysis coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry of the edible infusion showed the presence of twenty-three compounds. Our results can support the gastroprotective properties of the edible infusion extract, and at least can validate in part, the ethnopharmacological uses of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile; (S.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Mariano Walter Pertino
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, 3460000 Talca, Chile;
| | - Chantal Arcos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531098 Valparaiso, Chile; (C.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Luana Reichert
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531098 Valparaiso, Chile; (C.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Javier Echeverria
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Jorge Borquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av Coloso S-N, 1240000 Antofagasta, Chile;
| | - Alberto Cornejo
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sazié 2315, 8370092 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile; (S.R.); (C.A.)
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Campus Viña del Mar, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531098 Valparaiso, Chile; (C.A.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-063-2244369
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14
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Gacem MA, Ould El Hadj-Khelil A, Boudjemaa B, Gacem H. Phytochemistry, Toxicity and Pharmacology of Pistacia lentiscus, Artemisia herba-alba and Citrullus colocynthis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38881-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Areche C, Hernandez M, Cano T, Ticona J, Cortes C, Simirgiotis M, Caceres F, Borquez J, Echeverría J, Sepulveda B. Corryocactus brevistylus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae): Antioxidant, Gastroprotective Effects, and Metabolomic Profiling by Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray High Resolution Orbitrap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32322203 PMCID: PMC7156589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corryocactus brevistylus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose (Cactaceae) is a shrubby or often arborescent cactus popularly known as "sancayo" and produce an edible fruit known as "Sanky" which is consumed in Arequipa-Perú. The purpose of this study was to report the gastroprotective activity and relate this activity to the antioxidant capacity and presence of phenolic compounds for the first time. A metabolomic profiling based on Ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry, and the antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), ascorbic acid content, total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the mode of gastroprotective action of the Sanky fruit including the involvement of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and sulfhydryl compounds is reported. Thirty-eight compounds were detected in the ethanolic extract including 12 organic acids, nine hydroxycinnamic acids, three isoamericanol derivatives, six flavonoids, five fatty acids, and two sterols. The results of the biological tests showed that the ethanolic extract had antioxidant capacity and gastroprotective activity on the model of HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions in mice (at 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). The effect elicited by the extract at 50 mg/kg was reversed by indometacin and N-ethylmaleimide but not by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester suggesting that sulfhydryl groups and prostaglandins are involved in the mode of gastroprotective action. In conclusion, our study proves that C. brevistylus pears have some gastroprotective and antioxidant capacities and consumption is recommended for the presence of several bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Hernandez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Cano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Juana Ticona
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Carmen Cortes
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fátima Caceres
- Laboratorio de Botánica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jorge Borquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Sepulveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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16
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The In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils against Helicobacter Pylori Growth and Urease Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030586. [PMID: 32013183 PMCID: PMC7037374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-H. pylori properties of 26 different commercial essential oils were examined in vitro by MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) determination for the reference strain H. pylori ATCC 43504. We selected 9 essential oils with different anti-Helicobacter activities and established their phytochemical composition and urease inhibition activities. Phytochemical analysis of the selected essential oils by GC-MS method and antioxidant activity were performed. The phenol red method was used to screen the effect of essential oils on urease activity expressed as IC50 (the half of maximal inhibitory concentration). The most active essential oils, with MIC = 15.6 mg/L, were thyme, lemongrass, cedarwood and lemon balm oils; MIC = 31.3 mg/L—oregano oil; MIC = 62.5 mg/L—tea tree oil; MIC = 125 mg/L—pine needle, lemon and silver fir oils with bactericidal effect. Urease activity was inhibited by these oils with IC50 ranged from 5.3 to > 1049.9 mg/L. The most active was cedarwood oil (IC50 = 5.3 mg/L), inhibiting urease at sub-MIC concentrations (MIC = 15.6 mg/L). The statistical principal component analysis allowed for the division of the oils into three phytochemical groups differing in their anti-H. pylori activity. To summarize, the activity in vitro of the five essential oils silver fir, pine needle, tea tree, lemongrass, and cedarwood oils against H. pylori was found in this paper for the first time. The most active against clinical strains of H. pylori were cedar wood and oregano oils. Moreover, cedarwood oil inhibited the urease activity at subinhibitory concentrations. This essential oil can be regarded as a useful component of the plant preparations supporting the eradication H. pylori therapy.
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17
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Leja M, Dumpis U. What Would the Screen-and-Treat Strategy for Helicobacter pylori Mean in Terms of Antibiotic Consumption? Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1632-1642. [PMID: 31659615 PMCID: PMC7224010 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several guidelines recommend the screen-and-treat strategy, i.e. active search for the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication to prevent the possibility of gastric cancer. It is thought that a relatively short duration antibiotic regimen given once in a lifetime would not significantly increase overall antibiotic consumption. However, this would mean offering antibiotic treatment to the majority of the population in countries with the biggest burden of gastric cancer who would, therefore, have the greatest benefit from such a strategy. So far, no country has implemented an eradication strategy. With an example based on the current situation in Latvia, we have estimated the increase in antibiotic consumption if the screen-and-treat strategy was applied. Depending on the scenario that might be chosen, clarithromycin consumption would increase up to sixfold, and amoxicillin consumption would double if the recommendations of the current guideline in the local circumstances was applied. It appears that an increase in commonly used antibiotic consumption cannot be justified from the viewpoint of antibiotic stewardship policies. Solutions to this problem could be the use of antibiotics that are not required for treating life-threatening diseases or more narrow selection of the target group, e.g. young people before family planning to avoid transmission to offspring. Additional costs related to the increase in resistome should be considered for future cost-effectiveness modelling of the screen-and-treat strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mārcis Leja
- grid.9845.00000 0001 0775 3222Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raiņa boulv., Riga, LV1586 Latvia ,grid.9845.00000 0001 0775 3222Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia ,grid.488518.80000 0004 0375 2558Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia ,Digestive Diseases Centre GASTRO, Riga, Latvia
| | - Uga Dumpis
- grid.9845.00000 0001 0775 3222Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia ,Paul Stradins’ Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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18
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Essential Oil of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle: A Strategy to Combat Fungal Infections Caused by Candida Species. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081252. [PMID: 27517903 PMCID: PMC5000650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of fungal infections, especially those caused by Candida yeasts, has increased over the last two decades. However, the indicated therapy for fungal control has limitations. Hence, medicinal plants have emerged as an alternative in the search for new antifungal agents as they present compounds, such as essential oils, with important biological effects. Published data demonstrate important pharmacological properties of the essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle; these include anti-tumor, anti-nociceptive, and antibacterial activities, and so an investigation of this compound against pathogenic fungi is interesting. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological potential of essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of C. nardus focusing on its antifungal profile against Candida species. Methods: The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Testing of the antifungal potential against standard and clinical strains was performed by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), time-kill, inhibition of Candida albicans hyphae growth, and inhibition of mature biofilms. Additionally, the cytotoxicity was investigated by the IC50 against HepG-2 (hepatic) and MRC-5 (fibroblast) cell lines. Results: According to the chemical analysis, the main compounds of the EO were the oxygen-containing monoterpenes: citronellal, geranial, geraniol, citronellol, and neral. The results showed important antifungal potential for all strains tested with MIC values ranging from 250 to 1000 μg/mL, except for two clinical isolates of C. tropicalis (MIC > 1000 μg/mL). The time-kill assay showed that the EO inhibited the growth of the yeast and inhibited hyphal formation of C. albicans strains at concentrations ranging from 15.8 to 1000 μg/mL. Inhibition of mature biofilms of strains of C. albicans, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis occurred at a concentration of 10× MIC. The values of the IC50 for the EO were 96.6 μg/mL (HepG-2) and 33.1 μg/mL (MRC-5). Conclusion: As a major virulence mechanism is attributed to these types of infections, the EO is a promising compound to inhibit Candida species, especially considering its action against biofilm.
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Calik Z, Karamese M, Acar O, Aksak Karamese S, Dicle Y, Albayrak F, Can S, Guvendi B, Turgut A, Cicek M, Yazgi H. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool samples of patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:167-71. [PMID: 26887240 PMCID: PMC4822757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is usually acquired in early childhood and it can persist throughout life without antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the noninvasive H. pylori Stool Antigen Test-applied on the stool samples with the invasive gold standart Rapid Urease Test-applied on the gastric biopy samples of patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints. After endoscopy, biopsy and stool specimens were taken in 122 patients. The infection was detected with rapid urease test which is accepted as gold standart test. Rapid, one-step H. pylori card test was applied to all patients stool specimens. In this study 106 of the 122 patients (86.8%) were positive for H. pylori infection, while 16 of the 122 patients (13.2%) were negative. H. pylori card test was negative in 13 of the 16 patients and was positive in 98 of the 106. The sensitivity, specifity, positive and negative predictive values were 92.45%, 81.25%, 97.02%, and 61.90%, respectively. H. pylori card test is rapid, easy, noninvasive and inexpensive methods for detection H. pylori infection. This test showed high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, it may be a good alternative to invasive tests for the detection of H. pylori infections especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Calik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Murat Karamese
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Osman Acar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Selina Aksak Karamese
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Dicle
- Department of Nursing, School of Health, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Fatih Albayrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serpil Can
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Bulent Guvendi
- Department of Genereal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Alpgiray Turgut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Osman Pasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Halil Yazgi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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