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Bang HJ, Lee KH, Park MS, Sun EG, Cho SH, Chung IJ, Shim HJ, Bae WK. Dynamic changes in immune cells in humanized liver metastasis and subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20338. [PMID: 39223155 PMCID: PMC11369291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical drug efficacy and tumor microenvironment (TME) investigations often utilize humanized xenograft mouse models, yet these models typically fall short in replicating the intricate TME. We developed a humanized liver metastasis (LM) model by transplanting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and assessed it against the conventional subcutaneous (SC) xenograft model, focusing on immune cell dynamics post-transplantation and immunotherapy response. NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull(NSG) were inoculated with PBMCs to create humanized models. We induced SC and LM models using HCT116 cells, to investigate and compare the distributions and transformations of immune cell subsets, respectively. Both models were subjected to anti-PD-L1 therapy, followed by an analysis the TME analysis. The LM model demonstrated enhanced central tumor infiltration by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) compared to the peripheral pattern of SC model. TIL subpopulations in the LM model showed a progressive increase, contrasting with an initial rise and subsequent decline in the SC model. Post-anti-PD-L1 therapy, the LM model exhibited a significant rise in central and effector memory T cells, a response absents in the SC model. Our study highlights differential TME responses between SC and LM models and introduces a robust humanized LM model that swiftly indicates the potential efficacy of immunotherapies. These insights could streamline the preclinical evaluation of TME-targeting immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Bang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-Ro, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Bio-Medical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-Ro, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-Ro, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Cho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-Ro, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-Ro, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, 58128, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Shim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-Ro, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-Ro, Hwasun-Eup, Hwasun-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
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Varlı M, Kim E, Oh S, Pulat S, Zhou R, Gamage CDB, Gökalsın B, Sesal NC, Kim KK, Paik MJ, Kim H. Chrysophanol inhibits of colorectal cancer cell motility and energy metabolism by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 oncogenic complex. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:253. [PMID: 39030594 PMCID: PMC11264950 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the KITENIN/ErbB4 oncogenic complex is associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer to distant organs and lymph nodes and is linked with poor prognosis and poor survival. METHODS Here, we used in vitro and in silico methods to test the ability of chrysophanol, a molecule of natural origin, to suppress the progression of colorectal cancer by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 complex. RESULTS Chrysophanol binds to ErbB4, disrupting the ErbB4/KITENIN complex and causing autophagic degradation of KITENIN. We demonstrated that chrysophanol binds to ErbB4 according to a molecular docking model. Chrysophanol reversed KITENIN-mediated effects on cell motility, aerobic glycolysis, and expression of downstream effector genes. Moreover, under conditions of KITENIN overexpression, chrysophanol suppressed the production of onco-metabolites. CONCLUSION Chrysophanol suppresses oncogenic activities by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 146 Chosundae-gil, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Songjin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chathurika D B Gamage
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Barış Gökalsın
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nüzhet Cenk Sesal
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseoro, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Varlı M, Bhosle SR, Kim E, Yang Y, Taş İ, Zhou R, Pulat S, Gamage CDB, Park SY, Ha HH, Kim H. Usnic Acid Targets 14-3-3 Proteins and Suppresses Cancer Progression by Blocking Substrate Interaction. JACS AU 2024; 4:1521-1537. [PMID: 38665668 PMCID: PMC11040559 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The anticancer therapeutic effects of usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary metabolite, have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of UA remains to be clarified. In this study, the target protein of UA was identified using a UA-linker-Affi-Gel molecule, which showed that UA binds to the 14-3-3 protein. UA binds to 14-3-3, causing the degradation of proteasomal and autophagosomal proteins. The interaction of UA with 14-3-3 isoforms modulated cell invasion, cell cycle progression, aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the Akt/mTOR, JNK, STAT3, NF-κB, and AP-1 signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. A peptide inhibitor of 14-3-3 blocked or regressed the activity of UA and inhibited its effects. The results suggest that UA binds to 14-3-3 isoforms and suppresses cancer progression by affecting 14-3-3 targets and phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh R. Bhosle
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 146 Chosundae-gil, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Yang
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - İsa Taş
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
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Pulat S, Yang I, Lee J, Hwang S, Zhou R, Gamage CDB, Varlı M, Taş İ, Yang Y, Park SY, Hong A, Kim JH, Oh DC, Kim H, Nam SJ, Kang H. Anithiactin D, a Phenylthiazole Natural Product from Mudflat-Derived Streptomyces sp., Suppresses Motility of Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:88. [PMID: 38393059 PMCID: PMC10889970 DOI: 10.3390/md22020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anithiactin D (1), a 2-phenylthiazole class of natural products, was isolated from marine mudflat-derived actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. 10A085. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated based on the interpretation of NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparing the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data. Anithiactin D (1) significantly decreased cancer cell migration and invasion activities at a concentration of 5 μM via downregulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in A549, AGS, and Caco-2 cell lines. Moreover, 1 inhibited the activity of Rho GTPases, including Rac1 and RhoA in the A549 cell line, suppressed RhoA in AGS and Caco-2 cell lines, and decreased the mRNA expression levels of some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in AGS and Caco-2 cell lines. Thus 1, which is a new entity of the 2-phenylthiazole class of natural products with a unique aniline-indole fused moiety, is a potent inhibitor of the motility of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Inho Yang
- Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jihye Lee
- Laboratories of Marine New Drugs, REDONE Seoul, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Sunghoon Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Chathurika D. B. Gamage
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - İsa Taş
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ahreum Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (D.-C.O.)
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (R.Z.); (C.D.B.G.); (M.V.); (İ.T.); (Y.Y.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; (A.H.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Heonjoong Kang
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Leavenworth JD, Yusuf N, Hassan Q. K-Homology Type Splicing Regulatory Protein: Mechanism of Action in Cancer and Immune Disorders. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:75-87. [PMID: 37824394 PMCID: PMC11003564 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
K homology-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is emerging as a key player in cancer biology, and immunology. As a single-strand nucleic acid binding protein it functions in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, while facilitating multiple stages of RNA metabolism to affect proliferation and control cell fate. However, it must interact with other proteins to determine the fate of its bound substrate. Here we provide an minireview of this important regulatory protein and describe its complex subcellular functions to affect RNA metabolism, stability, miRNA biogenesis and maturation, stress granule function, metastasis, and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Leavenworth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Quamarul Hassan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Varlı M, Kim SJ, Noh MG, Kim YG, Ha HH, Kim KK, Kim H. KITENIN promotes aerobic glycolysis through PKM2 induction by upregulating the c-Myc/hnRNPs axis in colorectal cancer. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:146. [PMID: 37553596 PMCID: PMC10410973 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The oncoprotein KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN; vang-like 1) promotes cell metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis, resulting in shorter survival times in cancer patients. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of KITENIN on the energy metabolism of human colorectal cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of KITENIN on energy metabolism were evaluated using in vitro assays. The GEPIA web tool was used to extrapolate the clinical relevance of KITENIN in cancer cell metabolism. The bioavailability and effect of the disintegrator of KITENIN complex compounds were evaluated by LC-MS, in vivo animal assay. RESULTS KITENIN markedly upregulated the glycolytic proton efflux rate and aerobic glycolysis by increasing the expression of GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA. β-catenin, CD44, CyclinD1 and HIF-1A, including c-Myc, were upregulated by KITENIN expression. In addition, KITENIN promoted nuclear PKM2 and PKM2-induced transactivation, which in turn, increased the expression of downstream mediators. This was found to be mediated through an effect of c-Myc on the transcription of hnRNP isoforms and a switch to the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase, which increased aerobic glycolysis. The disintegration of KITENIN complex by silencing the KITENIN or MYO1D downregulated aerobic glycolysis. The disintegrator of KITENIN complex compound DKC1125 and its optimized form, DKC-C14S, exhibited the inhibition activity of KITENIN-mediated aerobic glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The oncoprotein KITENIN induces PKM2-mediated aerobic glycolysis by upregulating the c-Myc/hnRNPs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseoro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Giun Noh
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseoro, Dong-gu, Gwanju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Gyoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandaero, Dongnam-gu, 31116, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseoro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao Q, Lv X, Dong Y, Hong H, Zheng Y, Yang L, Gong J. IMB5036 overcomes resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs in human cancer cells through pyroptosis by targeting the KH-type splicing regulatory protein. Life Sci 2023; 328:121941. [PMID: 37451400 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS IMB5036 is a pyridazinone compound with antiproliferative and antitumour activity against hepatoma and pancreatic cancer. In this study, we attempted to identify the target protein of IMB5036 and test its potential for overcoming multidrug resistance and inducing pyroptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of IMB5036 on cancer cells by in vitro assays, a molecular docking model and in vivo tumour models. We performed pull-down experiments using biotinylated IMB5036 and identified the binding proteins. Gene knockdown were used to investigate the oncogenic role of KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP). Western blot was used to detect for mechanism-associated molecules. KEY FINDINGS IMB5036 could overcome resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs at the cellular level and in vivo. Furthermore, IMB5036 was not a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and downregulated the expression of P-gp. We identified KSRP as a binding protein of IMB5036. The knockdown of KSRP inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 and MCF7/adriamycin (MCF7/ADR) cells. In addition, IMB5036 induced pyroptosis in both MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells via KSRP. SIGNIFICANCE We found IMB5036 binds to KSRP and overcomes multidrug resistance via gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanqun Dong
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Hong
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbo Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Zhao Y, Wen S, Li H, Pan CW, Wei Y, Huang T, Li Z, Yang Y, Fan S, Zhang Y. Enhancer RNA promotes resistance to radiotherapy in bone-metastatic prostate cancer by m 6A modification. Theranostics 2023; 13:596-610. [PMID: 36632223 PMCID: PMC9830431 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Prostate cancer metastasizes to the bone with the highest frequency and exhibits high resistance to 177Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy. Little is known about bone metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) resistance to radiation. Methods: We filtered the metastatic eRNA using RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RT-qPCR and bioinformation. Western blot, RT-qPCR, CLIP, co-IP and RNA pull-down assays were used for RNA/protein interaction, RNA or protein expression examination. MTS assay was used to determine cell viability in vitro, xenograft assay was used to examine the tumor growth in mice. Results: In this study, we screened and identified bone-specific N6 adenosine methylation (m6A) on enhancer RNA (eRNA) that played a post-transcriptional functional role in bone mPCa and was correlated with radiotherapy (RT) resistance. Further data demonstrated that RNA-binding protein KHSRP recognized both m6A at eRNA and m6Am at 5'-UTR of mRNA to block RNA degradation from exoribonuclease XRN2. Depletion of the MLXIPe/KHSRP/PSMD9 regulatory complex inhibited tumor growth and RT sensitization of bone mPCa xenograft in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a bone-specific m6A-modified eRNA plays a vital role in regulating mPCa progression and RT resistance and might be a novel specific predictor for cancer RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Yu Zhao, Ph.D. (), Saijun Fan, Ph.D. () and Yingyi Zhang, Ph.D. (zhang.yingyi@ mayo.edu)
| | - Simeng Wen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chun-Wu Pan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yulei Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhaochen Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yinhui Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Yu Zhao, Ph.D. (), Saijun Fan, Ph.D. () and Yingyi Zhang, Ph.D. (zhang.yingyi@ mayo.edu)
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,✉ Corresponding authors: Yu Zhao, Ph.D. (), Saijun Fan, Ph.D. () and Yingyi Zhang, Ph.D. (zhang.yingyi@ mayo.edu)
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Targeting the "undruggable": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:69-83. [PMID: 35772609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumors refractory to conventional therapy belong to specific subpopulations of cancer cells, which have acquired a higher number of mutations/epigenetic changes than the majority of cancer cells. This property provides them the ability to become resistant to therapy. Aberrant expression of certain RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by binding to specific regions present in the 3´-UTR of certain mRNAs to promote or repress mRNA translation or by interacting with other proteins (including RBPs) and non-coding RNAs that are part of ribonucleoprotein complexes. In particular, an increasing interest in the RBPs involved in chemoresistance has recently emerged. In this review, we discuss how RBPs are not only affected by chemotherapeutic treatments, but also play an active role in therapeutic responses via the direct modulation of crucial cancer-related proteins. A special focus is being placed on the development of therapeutic strategies targeting these RBPs.
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Kim SJ, Sun EG, Bae JA, Park S, Hong C, Park Z, Kim H, Kim KK. A peptide interfering with the dimerization of oncogenic KITENIN protein and its stability suppresses colorectal tumour progression. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e871. [PMID: 35853101 PMCID: PMC9296036 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of a protein, as well as its function and versatility, can be enhanced through oligomerization. KITENIN (KAI1 C-terminal interacting tetraspanin) is known to promote the malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). How KITENIN maintains its structural integrity and stability are largely unknown, however. Here we investigated the mechanisms regulating the stability of KITENIN with the aim of developing therapeutics blocking its oncogenic functions. We found that KITENIN formed a homo-oligomeric complex and that the intracellular C-terminal domain (KITENIN-CTD) was needed for this oligomerization. Expression of the KITENIN-CTD alone interfered with the formation of the KITENIN homodimer, and the amino acid sequence from 463 to 471 within the KITENIN-CTD was the most effective. This sequence coupled with a cell-penetrating peptide was named a KITENIN dimerization-interfering peptide (KDIP). We next studied the mechanisms by which KDIP affected the stability of KITENIN. The KITENIN-interacting protein myosin-X (Myo10), which has oncogenic activity in several cancers, functioned as an effector to stabilize the KITENIN homodimer in the cis formation. Treatment with KDIP resulted in the disintegration of the homodimer via downregulation of Myo10, which led to increased binding of RACK1 to the exposed RACK1-interacting motif (463-471 aa), and subsequent autophagy-dependent degradation of KITENIN and reduced CRC cell invasion. Intravenous injection of KDIP significantly reduced the tumour burden in a syngeneic mouse tumour model and colorectal liver metastasis in an intrasplenic hepatic metastasis model. Collectively, our present results provide a new cancer therapeutic peptide for blocking colorectal liver metastasis, which acts by inducing the downregulation of Myo10 and specifically targeting the stability of the oncogenic KITENIN protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Kim
- Department of PharmacologyChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- College of PharmacySunchon National UniversitySuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Gene Sun
- Department of PharmacologyChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong A Bae
- Department of PharmacologyChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Soo Hong
- Department of PharmacologyChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Zee‐Yong Park
- School of Life SciencesGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of PharmacySunchon National UniversitySuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of PharmacologyChonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
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Ding X, Yang X, Wu D, Huang Y, Dai Y, Li J, Chang W, Chi M, Tian S. Nomogram predicting the cancer-specific survival of early-onset colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis: a population-based study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:1309-1319. [PMID: 35524790 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aimed to explore prognostic factors for early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) patients with liver metastasis (LM) and develop nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) probability quantitatively. METHODS Our study included 4368 EO-CRC patients with LM registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2017. Potential prognostic factors for EO-CRC patients with LM were identified by multivariable Cox regression analysis. Prognostic nomogram was subsequently constructed based on these prognostic factors. The discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the nomogram were assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS In the training cohort, marital status, primary tumor location, histopathological grade, T stage, number of metastatic organs, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), perineural invasion (PI), surgery of primary site, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and metastatic lymph nodes ratio (LNR) were prognostic factors for cancer-specific mortality of EO-CRC patients with LM. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year AUC values of the prognostic nomogram were 0.777, 0.781, and 0.788, respectively. Calibration curves indicated acceptable agreement between nomogram-predicted survival and actual observed survival at 1, 2, and 3 years. DCA curves exhibited good positive net benefits in the prognostic model in most threshold probabilities at different time points. All of these results were reproducible in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study identified prognostic factors for EO-CRC patients with LM and developed a prognostic nomogram with good performance and clinical usability, which may help clinicians make better treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, China
| | - Dafu Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, China
| | - Yaguang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, China
| | - Yanwen Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Mozhen Chi
- Department of Scientific Research, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, China.
| | - Shaobo Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Palzer KA, Bolduan V, Käfer R, Kleinert H, Bros M, Pautz A. The Role of KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein (KSRP) for Immune Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091482. [PMID: 35563788 PMCID: PMC9104899 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is one important mechanism that enables stringent and rapid modulation of cytokine, chemokines or growth factors expression, all relevant for immune or tumor cell function and communication. The RNA-binding protein KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) controls the mRNA stability of according genes by initiation of mRNA decay and inhibition of translation, and by enhancing the maturation of microRNAs. Therefore, KSRP plays a pivotal role in immune cell function and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about KSRP with regard to the regulation of immunologically relevant targets, and the functional role of KSRP on immune responses and tumorigenesis. KSRP is involved in the control of myeloid hematopoiesis. Further, KSRP-mediated mRNA decay of pro-inflammatory factors is necessary to keep immune homeostasis. In case of infection, functional impairment of KSRP is important for the induction of robust immune responses. In this regard, KSRP seems to primarily dampen T helper cell 2 immune responses. In cancer, KSRP has often been associated with tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, aside of initiation of mRNA decay, the KSRP-mediated regulation of microRNA maturation seems to be especially important for its diverse biological functions, which warrants further in-depth examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Alicia Palzer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Vanessa Bolduan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-179276; Fax: +49-6131-179042
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