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Sharma AK, Giri AK. Engineering CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics for cancer precision medicine. Front Genet 2024; 15:1309175. [PMID: 38725484 PMCID: PMC11079134 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1309175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has revolutionized field of cancer treatment. This review explores usage of CRISPR/Cas9 for editing and investigating genes involved in human carcinogenesis. It provides insights into the development of CRISPR as a genetic tool. Also, it explores recent developments and tools available in designing CRISPR/Cas9 systems for targeting oncogenic genes for cancer treatment. Further, we delve into an overview of cancer biology, highlighting key genetic alterations and signaling pathways whose deletion prevents malignancies. This fundamental knowledge enables a deeper understanding of how CRISPR/Cas9 can be tailored to address specific genetic aberrations and offer personalized therapeutic approaches. In this review, we showcase studies and preclinical trials that show the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 in disrupting oncogenic targets, modulating tumor microenvironment and increasing the efficiency of available anti treatments. It also provides insight into the use of CRISPR high throughput screens for cancer biomarker identifications and CRISPR based screening for drug discovery. In conclusion, this review offers an overview of exciting developments in engineering CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics for cancer treatment and highlights the transformative potential of CRISPR for innovation and effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anil K. Giri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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van der Veen I, Heredero Berzal A, Koster C, ten Asbroek ALMA, Bergen AA, Boon CJF. The Road towards Gene Therapy for X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Gene Therapy in Cell-Based and Rodent Models of XLRS. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1267. [PMID: 38279267 PMCID: PMC10816913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is an early-onset progressive inherited retinopathy affecting males. It is characterized by abnormalities in the macula, with formation of cystoid retinal cavities, frequently accompanied by splitting of the retinal layers, impaired synaptic transmission of visual signals, and associated loss of visual acuity. XLRS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the retinoschisin gene located on the X chromosome (RS1, MIM 30083). While proof-of-concept studies for gene augmentation therapy have been promising in in vitro and rodent models, clinical trials in XLRS patients have not been successful thus far. We performed a systematic literature investigation using search strings related to XLRS and gene therapy in in vivo and in vitro models. Three rounds of screening (title/abstract, full text and qualitative) were performed by two independent reviewers until consensus was reached. Characteristics related to study design and intervention were extracted from all studies. Results were divided into studies using (1) viral and (2) non-viral therapies. All in vivo rodent studies that used viral vectors were assessed for quality and risk of bias using the SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Studies using alternative and non-viral delivery techniques, either in vivo or in vitro, were extracted and reviewed qualitatively, given the diverse and dispersed nature of the information. For in-depth analysis of in vivo studies using viral vectors, outcome data for optical coherence tomography (OCT), immunohistopathology and electroretinography (ERG) were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed on the effect of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-mediated gene augmentation therapies on a- and b-wave amplitude as well as the ratio between b- and a-wave amplitudes (b/a-ratio) extracted from ERG data. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed for model, dose, age at injection, follow-up time point and delivery method. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed with a Chi-square test of homogeneity (I2). We identified 25 studies that target RS1 and met our search string. A total of 19 of these studies reported rodent viral methods in vivo. Six of the 25 studies used non-viral or alternative delivery methods, either in vitro or in vivo. Of these, five studies described non-viral methods and one study described an alternative delivery method. The 19 aforementioned in vivo studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality assessments and showed inconsistency in reporting. This resulted in an unclear risk of bias in most included studies. All 19 studies used AAVs to deliver intact human or murine RS1 in rodent models for XLRS. Meta-analyses of a-wave amplitude, b-wave amplitude, and b/a-ratio showed that, overall, AAV-mediated gene augmentation therapy significantly ameliorated the disease phenotype on these parameters. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression showed significant correlations between b-wave amplitude effect size and dose, although between-study heterogeneity was high. This systematic review reiterates the high potential for gene therapy in XLRS, while highlighting the importance of careful preclinical study design and reporting. The establishment of a systematic approach in these studies is essential to effectively translate this knowledge into novel and improved treatment alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa van der Veen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.V.); (A.H.B.); (C.K.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Heredero Berzal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.V.); (A.H.B.); (C.K.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Céline Koster
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.V.); (A.H.B.); (C.K.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anneloor L. M. A. ten Asbroek
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.V.); (A.H.B.); (C.K.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.v.d.V.); (A.H.B.); (C.K.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Li Y, Zhou S, Wu Q, Gong C. CRISPR/Cas gene editing and delivery systems for cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1938. [PMID: 38456346 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas systems stand out because of simplicity, efficiency, and other superiorities, thus becoming attractive and brilliant gene-editing tools in biomedical field including cancer therapy. CRISPR/Cas systems bring promises for cancer therapy through manipulating and engineering on tumor cells or immune cells. However, there have been concerns about how to overcome the numerous physiological barriers and deliver CRISPR components to target cells efficiently and accurately. In this review, we introduced the mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas systems, summarized the current delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas systems by physical methods, viral vectors, and nonviral vectors, and presented the current application of CRISPR/Cas systems in cancer clinical treatment. Furthermore, we discussed prospects related to delivery approaches of CRISPR/Cas systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyao Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fu Y, He X, Gao XD, Li F, Ge S, Yang Z, Fan X. Prime editing: current advances and therapeutic opportunities in human diseases. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3278-3291. [PMID: 37973465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing ushers in a new era of disease treatment since many genetic diseases are caused by base-pair mutations in genomic DNA. With the rapid development of genome editing technology, novel editing tools such as base editing and prime editing (PE) have attracted public attention, heralding a great leap forward in this field. PE, in particular, is characterized by no need for double-strand breaks (DSBs) or homology sequence templates with variable application scenarios, including point mutations as well as insertions or deletions. With higher editing efficiency and fewer byproducts than traditional editing tools, PE holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for human diseases. Subsequently, a growing demand for the standard construction of PE system has spawned numerous easy-to-access internet resources and tools for personalized prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) design and off-target site prediction. In this review, we mainly introduce the innovation and evolutionary strategy of PE systems and the auxiliary tools for PE design and analysis. Additionally, its application and future potential in the clinical field have been summarized and envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xin D Gao
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge MA 02141, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China.
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5
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Chen K, Han H, Zhao S, Xu B, Yin B, Trinidad M, Burgstone BW, Murthy N, Doudna JA. Lung and liver editing by lipid nanoparticle delivery of a stable CRISPR-Cas9 RNP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.566339. [PMID: 38014175 PMCID: PMC10680715 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.566339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of CRISPR ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) has the potential to enable high-efficiency in vivo genome editing with low toxicity and an easily manufactured technology, if RNP efficacy can be maintained during LNP production. In this study, we engineered a thermostable Cas9 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (GeoCas9) using directed evolution to generate iGeoCas9 evolved variants capable of robust genome editing of cells and organs. iGeoCas9s were significantly better at editing cells than wild-type GeoCas9, with genome editing levels >100X greater than those induced by the native GeoCas9 enzyme. Furthermore, iGeoCas9 RNP:LNP complexes edited a variety of cell lines and induced homology-directed repair (HDR) in cells receiving co-delivered single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templates. Using tissue-selective LNP formulations, we observed genome editing of 35‒56% efficiency in the liver or lungs of mice that received intravenous injections of iGeoCas9 RNP:LNPs. In particular, iGeoCas9 complexed to acid-degradable LNPs edited lung tissue in vivo with an average of 35% efficiency, a significant improvement over editing efficiencies observed previously using viral or non-viral delivery strategies. These results show that thermostable Cas9 RNP:LNP complexes are a powerful alternative to mRNA:LNP delivery vehicles, expanding the therapeutic potential of genome editing.
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Kevadiya BD, Islam F, Deol P, Zaman LA, Mosselhy DA, Ashaduzzaman M, Bajwa N, Routhu NK, Singh PA, Dawre S, Vora LK, Nahid S, Mathur D, Nayan MU, Baldi A, Kothari R, Patel TA, Madan J, Gounani Z, Bariwal J, Hettie KS, Gendelman HE. Delivery of gene editing therapeutics. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 54:102711. [PMID: 37813236 PMCID: PMC10843524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past decades, gene editing demonstrated the potential to attenuate each of the root causes of genetic, infectious, immune, cancerous, and degenerative disorders. More recently, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) editing proved effective for editing genomic, cancerous, or microbial DNA to limit disease onset or spread. However, the strategies to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 cargos and elicit protective immune responses requires safe delivery to disease targeted cells and tissues. While viral vector-based systems and viral particles demonstrate high efficiency and stable transgene expression, each are limited in their packaging capacities and secondary untoward immune responses. In contrast, the nonviral vector lipid nanoparticles were successfully used for as vaccine and therapeutic deliverables. Herein, we highlight each available gene delivery systems for treating and preventing a broad range of infectious, inflammatory, genetic, and degenerative diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for disease treatment and prevention is an emerging field that can change the outcome of many chronic debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Farhana Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Pallavi Deol
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Institute of Modeling Collaboration and Innovation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Lubaba A Zaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Dina A Mosselhy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Md Ashaduzzaman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Neha Bajwa
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab.
| | - Shilpa Dawre
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs, NMIMS, Babulde Banks of Tapi River, MPTP Park, Mumbai-Agra Road, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
| | - Sumaiya Nahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | | | - Mohammad Ullah Nayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Ashish Baldi
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab.
| | - Ramesh Kothari
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India.
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-NIPER, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
| | - Zahra Gounani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6551, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Komel T, Bosnjak M, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Expression of GFP and DsRed fluorescent proteins after gene electrotransfer of tumour cells in vitro. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108490. [PMID: 37356264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent reporter genes are widely used to study the transfection of various types of primary cells and cell lines. The aim of our research was to investigate the expression dynamics of GFP and DsRed reporter genes individually and combined after gene electrotransfer of plasmids with two different electroporation protocols in B16F10 and CT26 cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity after gene electrotransfer of both plasmids was first determined. Second, the intensity of fluorescence and the percentage of cells transfected with both plasmids individually and in combination were monitored in real time. The results show that the percentage of viability after gene electrotransfer of plasmids using the EP2 pulses was significantly higher compared to the EP1 pulses. In contrast, the percentage of transfected cells and fluorescence intensity were higher after gene electrotransfer with the EP1 pulse protocol. Moreover, the percentage of transfected cells was higher and started earlier in the B16F10 cell line than in the CT26 cell line. However, fluorescence intensity was higher in CT26 cells. Co-expression of fluorescent proteins was achieved only in a small number of cells. In conclusion, this study elucidated some of the dynamics of reporter gene expression in cancer cell lines after gene electrotransfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilen Komel
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Masa Bosnjak
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI - 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI - 6310 Izola, Slovenia.
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8
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Niu H, Zhao P, Sun W. Biomaterials for chimeric antigen receptor T cell engineering. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:1-13. [PMID: 37137403 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have achieved breakthrough efficacies against hematological malignancies, but their unsatisfactory efficacies in solid tumors limit their applications. The prohibitively high prices further restrict their access to broader populations. Novel strategies are urgently needed to address these challenges, and engineering biomaterials can be one promising approach. The established process for manufacturing CAR-T cells involves multiple steps, and biomaterials can help simplify or improve several of them. In this review, we cover recent progress in engineering biomaterials for producing or stimulating CAR-T cells. We focus on the engineering of non-viral gene delivery nanoparticles for transducing CAR into T cells ex vivo/in vitro or in vivo. We also dive into the engineering of nano-/microparticles or implantable scaffolds for local delivery or stimulation of CAR-T cells. These biomaterial-based strategies can potentially change the way CAR-T cells are manufactured, significantly reducing their cost. Modulating the tumor microenvironment with the biomaterials can also considerably enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors. We pay special attention to progress made in the past five years, and perspectives on future challenges and opportunities are also discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies have revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy with genetically engineered tumor recognition. They are also promising for treating many other diseases. However, the widespread application of CAR-T cell therapy has been hampered by the high manufacturing cost. Poor penetration of CAR-T cells into solid tissues further restricted their use. While biological strategies have been explored to improve CAR-T cell therapies, such as identifying new cancer targets or integrating smart CARs, biomaterial engineering provides alternative strategies toward better CAR-T cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in engineering biomaterials for CAR-T cell improvement. Biomaterials ranging from nano-, micro-, and macro-scales have been developed to assist CAR-T cell manufacturing and formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Niu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Born Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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9
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Nie G. Intelligent nanomaterials for cancer therapy: recent progresses and future possibilities. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:321-342. [PMID: 38235406 PMCID: PMC10790212 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Intelligent nanomedicine is currently one of the most active frontiers in cancer therapy development. Empowered by the recent progresses of nanobiotechnology, a new generation of multifunctional nanotherapeutics and imaging platforms has remarkably improved our capability to cope with the highly heterogeneous and complicated nature of cancer. With rationally designed multifunctionality and programmable assembly of functional subunits, the in vivo behaviors of intelligent nanosystems have become increasingly tunable, making them more efficient in performing sophisticated actions in physiological and pathological microenvironments. In recent years, intelligent nanomaterial-based theranostic platforms have showed great potential in tumor-targeted delivery, biological barrier circumvention, multi-responsive tumor sensing and drug release, as well as convergence with precise medication approaches such as personalized tumor vaccines. On the other hand, the increasing system complexity of anti-cancer nanomedicines also pose significant challenges in characterization, monitoring and clinical use, requesting a more comprehensive and dynamic understanding of nano-bio interactions. This review aims to briefly summarize the recent progresses achieved by intelligent nanomaterials in tumor-targeted drug delivery, tumor immunotherapy and temporospatially specific tumor imaging, as well as important advances of our knowledge on their interaction with biological systems. In the perspective of clinical translation, we have further discussed the major possibilities provided by disease-oriented development of anti-cancer nanomaterials, highlighting the critical importance clinically-oriented system design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center of Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Petukhov IA, Puchkov PA, Morozova NG, Zenkova MA, Maslov MA. The Synthesis and Transfection Activity of Disulfide Polycationic Amphiphiles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2023; 49:41-51. [PMID: 37192981 PMCID: PMC10156423 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162023010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Some new polycationic amphiphiles containing a disulfide group were synthesized. Cationic liposomes formed from the compounds synthesized and a helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine were not toxic for HEK293 and HeLa cells and were highly effective when delivering a fluorescently labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotide. The efficacy of plasmid DNA delivery depended on the cell line and the amphiphile structure, liposomes based on tetracationic amphiphiles being the most effective transfectants. These liposomes can be used for in vitro transfection of eukaryotic cells as well as for further in vivo biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Petukhov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - P. A. Puchkov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. G. Morozova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M. A. Maslov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Kim S, Jeong YK, Cho CS, Lee S, Sohn CH, Kim JH, Jeong Y, Jo DH, Bae S, Lee H. Enhancement of Gene Editing and Base Editing with Therapeutic Ribonucleoproteins through In Vivo Delivery Based on Absorptive Silica Nanoconstruct. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201825. [PMID: 36326169 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Key to the widespread and secure application of genome editing tools is the safe and effective delivery of multiple components of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into single cells, which remains a biological barrier to their clinical application. To overcome this issue, a robust RNP delivery platform based on a biocompatible sponge-like silica nanoconstruct (SN) for storing and directly delivering therapeutic RNPs, including Cas9 nuclease RNP (Cas9-RNP) and base editor RNP (BE-RNP) is designed. Compared with commercialized material such as lipid-based methods, up to 50-fold gene deletion and 10-fold base substitution efficiency is obtained with a low off-target efficiency by targeting various cells and genes. In particular, gene correction is successfully induced by SN-based delivery through intravenous injection in an in vivo solid-tumor model and through subretinal injection in mouse eye. Moreover, because of its low toxicity and high biodegradability, SN has negligible effect on cellular function of organs. As the engineered SN can overcome practical challenges associated with therapeutic RNP application, it is strongly expected this platform to be a modular RNPs delivery system, facilitating in vivo gene deletion and editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongchan Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyeong Jeong
- Medical Research Center of Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sik Cho
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokHoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Sohn
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Graduate Program in Nanobiomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Jeong
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Medical Research Center of Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School - Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yuan L, Su Y, Yu B, Shen Y, Cong H. D-A-D organic small molecules with AIE effect for fluorescence imaging guided photothermal therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:985-997. [PMID: 36541206 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01912d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent organic molecules as fluorescent probes accurately guide photothermal therapy as a potential antitumor method. However, the aggregation and quenching of organic fluorescent molecules and poor tissue permeability greatly limit their therapeutic effect and clinical transformation. In this paper, with a D-A-D structure as the molecular skeleton, cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) as the donor (D), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the acceptor (A), and long-chain isooctane as the shielding unit, organic fluorescent small molecules with a strong absorption band and bright NIR-II emission were synthesized. Then, tetraphenylethylene (TPE) molecules with typical AIE structure characteristics were introduced on both sides of the organic fluorescent small molecules, and an organic small molecular fluorophore (TDA) with AIE characteristics and the photothermal effect was designed. Through a series of experimental characterization techniques, it is proved that TDA NPs have good biocompatibility and tissue permeability, and can accurately locate the tumor location through NIR-II fluorescence imaging to achieve local photothermal treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yingbin Su
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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13
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BSA-PEI Nanoparticle Mediated Efficient Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into MDA-MB-231 Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1376-1387. [PMID: 35670994 PMCID: PMC9171472 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of bacterial-derived Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has revolutionized genome engineering and gene therapy due to its wide range of applications. One of the major challenging issues in CRISPR/Cas system is the lack of an efficient, safe, and clinically suitable delivery of the system’s components into target cells. Here, we describe the development of polyethylenimine coated-bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA-PEI NPs) for efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system in both DNA (px458 plasmid) and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) forms into MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Our data showed that synthesized BSA-PEI (BP) NPs delivered plasmid px458 at concentrations of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 µg/µl with efficiencies of approximately 29.7, 54.8, and 84.1% into MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Our study demonstrated that Cas9/sgRNA RNP complex efficiently (~ 92.6%) delivered by BSA-PEI NPs into the same cells. Analysis of toxicity and biocompatibility of synthesized NPs on human red blood cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and mice showed that the selected concentration (28 µg/µl) of BSA-PEI NPs for transfection had no remarkable toxicity effects. Thus, obtained results suggest BSA-PEI NPs as one of the most promising carrier for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 to target cells.
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14
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Genetic Kidney Diseases (GKDs) Modeling Using Genome Editing Technologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091571. [PMID: 35563876 PMCID: PMC9105797 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic kidney diseases (GKDs) are a group of rare diseases, affecting approximately about 60 to 80 per 100,000 individuals, for which there is currently no treatment that can cure them (in many cases). GKDs usually leads to early-onset chronic kidney disease, which results in patients having to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant. Here, we briefly describe genetic causes and phenotypic effects of six GKDs representative of different ranges of prevalence and renal involvement (ciliopathy, glomerulopathy, and tubulopathy). One of the shared characteristics of GKDs is that most of them are monogenic. This characteristic makes it possible to use site-specific nuclease systems to edit the genes that cause GKDs and generate in vitro and in vivo models that reflect the genetic abnormalities of GKDs. We describe and compare these site-specific nuclease systems (zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effect nucleases (TALENs) and regularly clustered short palindromic repeat-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas9)) and review how these systems have allowed the generation of cellular and animal GKDs models and how they have contributed to shed light on many still unknown fields in GKDs. We also indicate the main obstacles limiting the application of these systems in a more efficient way. The information provided here will be useful to gain an accurate understanding of the technological advances in the field of genome editing for GKDs, as well as to serve as a guide for the selection of both the genome editing tool and the gene delivery method most suitable for the successful development of GKDs models.
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