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Deng Y, Huang S, Jiang G, Zhou L, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A, Liu J, Zhou Z. Current status and prospects of MOFs loaded with H 2O 2-related substances for ferroptosis therapy. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2996-3016. [PMID: 39309362 PMCID: PMC11411616 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00261j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism characterized by the accumulation of iron (Fe)-dependent lipid peroxides within cells. Ferroptosis holds excellent promise in tumor therapy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer unique advantages in tumor ferroptosis treatment due to their high porosity, excellent stability, high biocompatibility, and targeting capabilities. Inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells primarily involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), like hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), through iron-mediated Fenton reactions. However, the intrinsic H2O2 levels in tumor cells are often insufficient to sustain prolonged consumption, limiting therapeutic efficacy if ˙OH production is inadequate. Therefore, catalyzing or supplementing the intracellular H2O2 levels in tumor cells is essential for inducing ferroptosis by nanoscale metal-organic frameworks. This article reviews the biological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, introduces H2O2-related substances, and reviews MOF-based nanoscale strategies for enhancing intracellular H2O2 levels in tumor cells. Finally, the challenges and prospects of this approach are discussed, aiming to provide insights into improving the effectiveness of ferroptosis induced by MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Sida Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Guanming Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital) 78 Wandao Road South Dongguan 523059 Guangdong China
| | - Luyi Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | | | - Jianqiang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Zhikun Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, and School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Research and Development of New Medical Materials Dongguan 523808 China
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2
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Yeh NT, Lin TC, Liu IJ, Hu SH, Hsu TC, Chin HY, Tzang BS, Chiang WH. Hyaluronic acid-covered ferric ion-rich nanobullets with high zoledronic acid payload for breast tumor-targeted chemo/chemodynamic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135271. [PMID: 39233170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, the clinical efficacy of tumor treatment is not satisfied, highlighting the necessity for new strategies to tackle this issue. To effectively treat breast tumors by tumor-targeted chemo/chemodynamic therapy, herein, the Fe3+-rich MIL-88B nanobullets (MNs) covered with hyaluronic acid (HA) were fabricated as vehicles of zoledronic acid (ZA). The attained ZA@HMNs showed a high ZA payload (ca 29.6 %), outstanding colloidal stability in the serum-containing milieu, and accelerated ZA as well as Fe3+ release under weakly acidic and glutathione (GSH)-rich conditions. Also, the ZA@HMNs consumed GSH by GSH-mediated Fe3+ reduction and converted H2O2 into OH via Fenton or Fenton-like reaction with pH reduction. After being internalized by 4T1 cells upon CD44-mediated endocytosis, the ZA@HMNs depleted intracellular GSH and degraded H2O2 into OH, thus eliciting lipid peroxidation and mitochondria damage to suppress cell proliferation. Also, the ZA@HMNs remarkably killed macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Importantly, the in vivo studies and ki67 and GPX4 staining of tumor sections demonstrated that the ZA@HMNs efficiently accumulated in 4T1 tumors to hinder tumor growth via ZA chemotherapy combined with OH-mediated ferroptosis. This work presents a practicable strategy to fabricate ZA@HMNs for breast tumor-targeted chemo/chemodynamic therapy with potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Tzu Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsiu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yang Chin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Na X, Li L, Liu D, He J, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Natural products targeting ferroptosis pathways in cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:123. [PMID: 39054952 PMCID: PMC11292301 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis inducers (FIN) have a key role in cancer therapy and provide novel and innovative treatment strategies. Although many researchers have performed FIN screening of synthetic compounds, studies on the identification of FIN from natural products are limited, particularly in the field of drug development and combination therapy. In this review, this gap was addressed by comprehensively summarizing recent studies on ferroptosis. The causes of ferroptosis were categorized into driving and defensive factors, elucidating key pathways and targets. Next, through summarizing research on natural products that induce ferroptosis, the study elaborated in detail on the natural products that have FIN functions. Their discovery and development were also described and insight for clinical drug development was provided. In addition, the mechanisms of action were analyzed and potential combination therapies, resistance reversal and structural enhancements were presented. By highlighting the potential of natural products in inducing ferroptosis for cancer treatment, this review may serve as a reference for utilizing these compounds against cancer. It not only showed the significance of natural products but may also promote further investigation into their therapeutic effects, thus encouraging research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Na
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Yunnan Cancer Hospital (Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Huang B, Nie G, Dai X, Cui T, Pu W, Zhang C. Environmentally relevant levels of Cd and Mo coexposure induces ferroptosis and excess ferritinophagy through AMPK/mTOR axis in duck myocardium. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:4196-4206. [PMID: 38717027 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and excess molybdenum (Mo) are multiorgan toxic, but the detrimental impacts of Cd and/or Mo on poultry have not been fully clarified. Thence, a 16-week sub-chronic toxic experiment was executed with ducks to assess the toxicity of Cd and/or Mo. Our data substantiated that Cd and Mo coexposure evidently reduced GSH-Px, GSH, T-SOD, and CAT activities and elevated H2O2 and MDA concentrations in myocardium. What is more, the study suggested that Cd and Mo united exposure synergistically elevated Fe2+ content in myocardium and activated AMPK/mTOR axis, then induced ferroptosis by obviously upregulating ACSL4, PTGS2, and TFRC expression levels and downregulating SLC7A11, GPX4, FPN1, FTL1, and FTH1 expression levels. Additionally, Cd and Mo coexposure further caused excessive ferritinophagy by observably increasing autophagosomes, the colocalization of endogenous FTH1 and LC3, ATG5, ATG7, LC3II/LC3I, NCOA4, and FTH1 expression levels. In brief, this study for the first time substantiated that Cd and Mo united exposure synergistically induced ferroptosis and excess ferritinophagy by AMPK/mTOR axis, finally augmenting myocardium injure in ducks, which will offer an additional view on united toxicity between two heavy metals on poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gaohui Nie
- Ministry of Public Education, Jiangxi Hongzhou Vocational College, Fengcheng, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjing Pu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Li LG, Hu J, Han N, Chen NN, Yu TT, Ren T, Xu HZ, Peng XC, Li XY, Ma TQ, Chen H, Zhang L, Chen X, Wang MF, Li TF. Dihydroartemisinin-driven TOM70 inhibition leads to mitochondrial destabilization to induce pyroptosis against lung cancer. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3856-3876. [PMID: 38761036 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Enhancement of malignant cell immunogenicity to relieve immunosuppression of lung cancer microenvironment is essential in lung cancer treatment. In previous study, we have demonstrated that dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a kind of phytopharmaceutical, is effective in inhibiting lung cancer cells and boosting their immunogenicity, while the initial target of DHA's intracellular action is poorly understood. The present in-depth analysis aims to reveal the influence of DHA on the highly expressed TOM70 in the mitochondrial membrane of lung cancer. The affinity of DHA and TOM70 was analyzed by microscale thermophoresis (MST), pronase stability, and thermal stability. The functions and underlying mechanism were investigated using western blots, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and rescue experiments. TOM70 inhibition resulted in mtDNA damage and translocation to the cytoplasm from mitochondria due to the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. Further ex and in vivo findings also showed that the cGAS/STING/NLRP3 signaling pathway was activated by mtDNA and thereby malignant cells underwent pyroptosis, leading to enhanced immunogenicity of lung cancer cells in the presence of DHA. Nevertheless, DHA-induced mtDNA translocation and cGAS/STING/NLRP3 mobilization were synchronously attenuated when TOM70 was replenished. Finally, DHA was demonstrated to possess potent anti-lung cancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these data confirm that TOM70 is an important target for DHA to disturb mitochondria homeostasis, which further activates STING and arouses pyroptosis to strengthen immunogenicity against lung cancer thereupon. The present study provides vital clues for phytomedicine-mediated anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Gen Li
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Han
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital (Shenzhen Pingshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Yu Li
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Tian-Qi Ma
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-Fang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Liang L, Peng W, Qin A, Zhang J, Chen R, Zhou D, Zhang X, Zhou N, Yu XY, Zhang L. Intracellularly Synthesized Artificial Exosome Treats Acute Lung Injury. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39087239 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), induce high morbidity and mortality rates, which challenge the present approaches for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. The clinically used photosensitizer verteporfin (VER) exhibits great potential in the treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) by regulating macrophage polarization and reducing inflammation. Nevertheless, its hydrophobic characteristics, nonspecificity, and constrained bioavailability hinder its therapeutic efficacy. In this work, we developed a type of VER-cored artificial exosome (EVM), which was produced by using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) to load VER, followed by the exocytosis of internalized VER-MSNs from mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) without further modification. Both in vitro and in vivo assessments confirmed the powerful anti-inflammation induced by EVM. EVM also showed significant higher accumulation to inflammatory lungs compared with healthy ones, which was beneficial to the treatment of ALI/ARDS. EVM improved pulmonary function, attenuated lung injury, and reduced mortality in ALI mice with high levels of biocompatibility, exhibiting a 5-fold higher survival rate than the control. This type of artificial exosome emitted near-infrared light in the presence of laser activation, which endowed EVM with trackable ability both in vitro and in vivo. Our work developed a type of clinically used photosensitizer-loaded artificial exosome with membrane integrity and traceability. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of intracellularly synthesized artificial exosome was developed and showed great potential in ALI/ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Peng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Qin
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Rongqi Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Dazhi Zhou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA, and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
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Liang KA, Chih HY, Liu IJ, Yeh NT, Hsu TC, Chin HY, Tzang BS, Chiang WH. Tumor-targeted delivery of hyaluronic acid/polydopamine-coated Fe 2+-doped nano-scaled metal-organic frameworks with doxorubicin payload for glutathione depletion-amplified chemodynamic-chemo cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:400-415. [PMID: 39096708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), an emerging cancer treatment modality, uses multivalent metal elements to convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via a Fenton or Fenton-like reaction, thus eliciting oxidative damage of cancer cells. However, the antitumor potency of CDT is largely limited by the high glutathione (GSH) concentration and low catalytic efficiency in the tumor sites. The combination of CDT with chemotherapy provides a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. In this work, to enhance antitumor potency by tumor-targeted and GSH depletion-amplified chemodynamic-chemo therapy, the hyaluronic acid (HA)/polydopamine (PDA)-decorated Fe2+-doped ZIF-8 nano-scaled metal-organic frameworks (FZ NMs) were fabricated and utilized to load doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy drug, via hydrophobic, π-π stacking and charge interactions. The attained HA/PDA-covered DOX-carrying FZ NMs (HPDFZ NMs) promoted DOX and Fe2+ release in weakly acidic and GSH-rich milieu and exhibited acidity-activated •OH generation. Through efficient CD44-mediated endocytosis, the HPDFZ NMs internalized by CT26 cells not only prominently enhanced •OH accumulation by consuming GSH via PDA-mediated Michael addition combined with Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple to cause mitochondria damage and lipid peroxidation, but also achieved intracellular DOX release, thus eliciting apoptosis and ferroptosis. Importantly, the HPDFZ NMs potently inhibited CT26 tumor growth in vivo at a low DOX dose and had good biosafety, thereby showing promising potential in tumor-specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-An Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yun Chih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tzu Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yang Chin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Deng Y, Guo M, Zhou L, Huang Y, Srivastava S, Kumar A, Liu JQ. Prospects, advances and biological applications of MOF-based platform for the treatment of lung cancer. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3725-3744. [PMID: 38958409 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays in our society, lung cancer is exhibiting a high mortality rate and threat to human health. Conventional diagnostic techniques used in the field of lung cancer often necessitate the use of extensive instrumentation, exhibit a tendency for false positives, and are not suitable for widespread early screening purposes. Conventional approaches to treat lung cancer primarily involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these broad-spectrum treatments suffer from drawbacks such as imprecise targeting and significant side effects, which restrict their widespread use. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer owing to their tunable electronic properties and structures and potential applications. These porous nanomaterials are formed through the intricate assembly of metal centers and organic ligands, resulting in highly versatile frameworks. Compared to traditional diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, MOFs can improve the sensitivity of lung cancer biomarker detection in the diagnosis of lung cancer. In terms of treatment, they can significantly reduce side effects and improve therapeutic efficacy. Hence, this perspective provides an overview concerning the advancements made in the field of MOFs as potent biosensors for lung cancer biomarkers. It also delves into the latest research dealing with the use of MOFs as carriers for drug delivery. Additionally, it explores the applications of MOFs in various therapeutic approaches, including chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, this review comprehensively analyses potential applications of MOFs as biosensors in the field of lung cancer diagnosis and combines different therapeutic approaches aiming for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. It also presents a concise overview of the existing obstacles, aiming to pave the way for future advancements in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Deng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Manli Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Luyi Zhou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Shreya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Formulation Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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9
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Li S, Wang B, Tao J, Dong Y, Wang T, Zhao X, Jiang T, Zhang L, Yang H. Chemodynamic therapy combined with endogenous ferroptosis based on "sea urchin-like" copper sulfide hydrogel for enhancing anti-tumor efficacy. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124330. [PMID: 38866081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, however, its application is restricted by low hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and high glutathione (GSH) levels. Here, we developed an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel (DSUC-Gel) based on "sea urchin-like" copper sulfide nanoparticles (UCuS) loaded with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and sulfasalazine (SAS) to overcome these limitations of CDT. DSUC was cleaved to release DHA, SAS and Cu2+ under acidic tumor microenvironment to enhance CDT. DHA with peroxide bridge responded to intracellular Fe2+ to alleviate H2O2 deficiency. SAS prevented GSH synthesis by targeting SLC7A11 and inhibited glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) activity to induce endogenous ferroptosis. ROS produced by Fenton-like reaction of Cu2+ promoted lipid peroxidation (LPO) accumulation to promote ferroptosis. Enhanced CDT and ferroptosis induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoted dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration. As a result, DSUC-Gel significantly inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides a novel approach for enhancing anti-tumor efficacy by combining CDT, endogenous ferroptosis and ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Tianze Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lianxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266042, China.
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10
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Zheng H, Huang L, An G, Guo L, Wang N, Yang W, Zhu Y. A Nanoreactor Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks With Triple Synergistic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401743. [PMID: 39015058 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The transformation of monotherapy into multimodal combined targeted therapy to fully exploit synergistic efficacy is of increasing interest in tumor treatment. In this work, a novel nanodrug-carrying platform based on iron-based MOFs, which is loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and glucose oxidase (GOx), and concurrently covalently linked to the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) in polydopamine (PDA)-encapsulated MIL-101(Fe) (denoted as MIL-101(Fe)-DOX-DHA@TCPP/GOx@PDA, MDDTG@P), is successfully developed. Upon entering the tumor microenvironment, MDDTG@P catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and depletes glutathione (GSH); thus, exerting the role of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The reduced Fe2+ can also activate DHA, further expanding CDT and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. The introduced GOx will rapidly consume glucose and oxygen (O2) in the tumor; while, replenishing H2O2 for Fenton reaction, starving the cancer cells; and thus, realizing starvation and chemodynamic therapy. In addition, the covalent linkage of TCPP endows MDDTG@P with good photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) properties. Therefore, this study develops a nanocarrier platform for triple synergistic chemodynamic/photodynamic/starvation therapy, which has promising applications in the efficient treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Stomatology, Minzhu Clinic of Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Guanghui An
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lianshan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
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11
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Fang Y, Yang J, Liang X, Wu J, Xie M, Zhang K, Su C. Endogenous and exogeneous stimuli-triggered reactive oxygen species evoke long-lived carbon monoxide to fight against lung cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:416. [PMID: 39014402 PMCID: PMC11253342 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated anticancer approaches usually suffer from two limitations, i.e., insufficient ROS level and short ROS half-life. Nevertheless, no report has synchronously addressed both concerns yet. Herein, a multichannel actions-enabled nanotherapeutic platform using hollow manganese dioxide (H-MnO2) carriers to load chlorin e6 (Ce6) sonosensitizer and CO donor (e.g., Mn2(CO)10) has been constructed to maximumly elevate ROS level and trigger cascade catalysis to produce CO. Therein, intratumoral H2O2 and ultrasound as endogenous and exogeneous triggers stimulate H-MnO2 and Ce6 to produce •OH and 1O2, respectively. The further cascade reaction between ROS and Mn2(CO)10 proceeds to release CO, converting short-lived ROS into long-lived CO. Contributed by them, such a maximumly-elevated ROS accumulation and long-lived CO release successfully suppresses the progression, recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer with a prolonged survival rate. More significantly, proteomic and genomic investigations uncover that the CO-induced activation of AKT signaling pathway, NRF-2 phosphorylation and HMOX-1 overexpression induce mitochondrial dysfunction to boost anti-tumor consequences. Thus, this cascade catalysis strategy can behave as a general means to enrich ROS and trigger CO release against refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-Chang-Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiayi Liang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-Chang-Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mengqing Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-Chang-Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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12
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Zheng H, An G, Yang X, Huang L, Wang N, Zhu Y. Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Multiple Cascade Synergistic Therapeutic Effect Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Effective Tumor Elimination. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:812. [PMID: 38931479 PMCID: PMC11206809 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Efforts have been made to improve the therapeutic efficiency of tumor treatments, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown excellent potential in tumor therapy. Monotherapy for the treatment of tumors has limited effects due to the limitation of response conditions and inevitable multidrug resistance, which seriously affect the clinical therapeutic effect. In this study, we chose to construct a multiple cascade synergistic tumor drug delivery system MIL-101(Fe)-DOX-TCPP-MnO2@PDA-Ag (MDTM@P-Ag) using MOFs as drug carriers. Under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and Ag NPs loaded on MDTM@P-Ag can be activated to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and achieve photothermal conversion, thus effectively inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells and achieving a combined photodynamic/photothermal therapy. Once released at the tumor site, manganese dioxide (MnO2) can catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the acidic microenvironment of the tumor to generate oxygen (O2) and alleviate the hypoxic environment of the tumor. Fe3+/Mn2+ will mediate a Fenton/Fenton-like reaction to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH), while depleting the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the tumor, thus enhancing the chemodynamic therapeutic effect. The successful preparation of the tumor drug delivery system and its good synergistic chemodynamic/photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic effect in tumor treatment can be demonstrated by the experimental results of material characterization, performance testing and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guanghui An
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Stomatology, Minzhu Clinic of Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, and School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
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13
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Yang X, Li C, Ge M, Li X, Zhao W, Guo H, Nie H, Liu J. Mn(II)-Aloe-Emodin Nanoscale Coordination Polymer Enhances Ferroptosis by Synergistically Enhancing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via the Nrf2-GPX4 Axis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400474. [PMID: 38875525 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis induction is particularly promising for cancer therapy when the apoptosis pathway is compromised. Current strategies in nanomedicine for inducing ferroptosis primarily focus on promoting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the presence of intracellular antioxidants, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), can limit the effectiveness of such therapy by activating detoxification systems and eliminating ROS. To overcome this challenge, we developed a synergistic ferroptosis-inducing agent by modifying manganese (Mn2+)-1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone (aloe-emodin, AE) with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to create nanoparticles (MAP NPs). In the tumor microenvironment, these NPs degraded and released AE and Mn(II), facilitating the generation of ROS and Mn(IV) through a Fenton-like reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Mn(II). Mn(IV) subsequently interacts with glutathione (GSH) to induce a cyclic catalytic effect, and the depletion of GSH diminished the activation of glutathione-dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Furthermore, AE inhibits the activity of Nrf2 and depleted GSH, thereby synergistically enhancing antitumor efficacy. Here it is demonstrated that MAP NPs effectively generate a robust ROS storm within tumor cells, suggesting that high-performance ferroptosis therapy is effective. Additionally, the inclusion of Mn(II) in the MAP NPs enables real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy via magnetic resonance T1-weighted contrast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Radiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Mengjun Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Hu Guo
- Siemens Healthineers MR Application China, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Hemin Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
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14
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Zhang B, Yang R, Yu H, Peng Y, Huang H, Hameed MMA, Wang H, Zhang G, El-Newehy M, Shen M, Shi X, Peng S. Macrophage membrane-camouflaged nanoclusters of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles for precision glioma theranostics. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2705-2716. [PMID: 38607326 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing effective nanomedicines to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for efficient glioma theranostics is still considered to be a challenging task. Here, we describe the development of macrophage membrane (MM)-coated nanoclusters (NCs) of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USIO NPs) with dual pH- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsivenesses for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of orthotopic glioma. Surface citrate-stabilized USIO NPs were solvothermally synthesized, sequentially modified with ethylenediamine and phenylboronic acid, and cross-linked with gossypol to form gossypol-USIO NCs (G-USIO NCs), which were further coated with MMs. The prepared MM-coated G-USIO NCs (G-USIO@MM NCs) with a mean size of 99.9 nm display tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive gossypol and Fe release to promote intracellular ROS production and glutathione consumption. With the MM-mediated BBB crossing and glioma targeting, the G-USIO@MM NCs can specifically inhibit orthotopic glioma in vivo through the gossypol-mediated chemotherapy and Fe-mediated CDT. Meanwhile, USIO NPs can be dissociated from the NCs under the TME, thus allowing for effective T1-weighted glioma MR imaging. The developed G-USIO@MM NCs with simple components and drug as a crosslinker are promising for glioma theranostics, and may be extended to tackle other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yamin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Haoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meera Moydeen Abdul Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Mohamed El-Newehy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal 9020-105, Portugal
| | - Shaojun Peng
- Center for Biological Science and Technology & College of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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15
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Chen YH, Liu IJ, Lin TC, Tsai MC, Hu SH, Hsu TC, Wu YT, Tzang BS, Chiang WH. PEGylated chitosan-coated nanophotosensitizers for effective cancer treatment by photothermal-photodynamic therapy combined with glutathione depletion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131359. [PMID: 38580018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the poor photostability and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic small-molecule photosensitizers, and the intracellular glutathione (GSH)-mediated singlet oxygen scavenging largely decline the antitumor efficacy of PTT and PDT. Herein, a versatile nanophotosensitizer (NPS) system is developed by ingenious incorporation of indocyanine green (ICG) into the PEGylated chitosan (PEG-CS)-coated polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles via multiple π-π stacking, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The PEG-CS-covered NPS showed prominent colloidal and photothermal stability as well as high PCE (ca 62.8 %). Meanwhile, the Michael addition between NPS and GSH can consume GSH, thus reducing the GSH-induced singlet oxygen scavenging. After being internalized by CT26 cells, the NPS under near-infrared laser irradiation produced massive singlet oxygen with the aid of thermo-enhanced intracellular GSH depletion to elicit mitochondrial damage and lipid peroxide formation, thus leading to ferroptosis and apoptosis. Importantly, the combined PTT and PDT delivered by NPS effectively inhibited CT26 tumor growth in vivo by light-activated intense hyperthermia and redox homeostasis disturbance. Overall, this work presents a new tactic of boosting antitumor potency of ICG-mediated phototherapy by PEG-CS-covered NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsiu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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16
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Song Y, Xu X, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Nanomedicines for Ferroptotic Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303533. [PMID: 38221753 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
As an iron-dependent, non-apoptosis, regulated cell death (RCD) modality, ferroptosis has gained growing attention for cancer therapy. With the development of nanomaterials in the biomedical field, ferroptotic cancer nanomedicine is extensively investigated. Amongst various nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybridized porous materials consisting of metal ions or clusters bridged by organic linkers. The superior properties of MOFs, such as high porosity and cargo loading, ease of surface modification, and good biocompatibility, make them appealing in inducing or sensitizing ferroptotic cell death. There are remarkable achievements in the field of MOF-based ferroptosis cancer therapy. However, this topic is not reviewed. This review will introduce the fundamentals of MOF and ferroptosis machinery, summarize the recent progress of MOF-based ferroptotic anticancer drug delivery, discuss the benefits and problems of MOFs as vehicles and sensitizers for cancer ferroptosis, and provide the perspective on future research direction on this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinran Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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17
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Wang J, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Liu X, Xie T, Wang L, Xue Y, Zhang Y. A Journey of Challenges and Victories: A Bibliometric Worldview of Nanomedicine since the 21st Century. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308915. [PMID: 38229552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology profoundly affects the advancement of medicine. Limitations in diagnosing and treating cancer and chronic diseases promote the growth of nanomedicine. However, there are very few analytical and descriptive studies regarding the trajectory of nanomedicine, key research powers, present research landscape, focal investigative points, and future outlooks. Herein, articles and reviews published in the Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection from first January 2000 to 18th July 2023 are analyzed. Herein, a bibliometric visualization of publication trends, countries/regions, institutions, journals, research categories, themes, references, and keywords is produced and elaborated. Nanomedicine-related academic output is increasing since the COVID-19 pandemic, solidifying the uneven global distribution of research performance. While China leads in terms of publication quantity and has numerous highly productive institutions, the USA has advantages in academic impact, commercialization, and industrial value. Nanomedicine integrates with other disciplines, establishing interdisciplinary platforms, in which drug delivery and nanoparticles remain focal points. Current research focuses on integrating nanomedicine and cell ferroptosis induction in cancer immunotherapy. The keyword "burst testing" identifies promising research directions, including immunogenic cell death, chemodynamic therapy, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy, and extracellular vesicles. The prospects, major challenges, and barriers to addressing these directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Wenling Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xingzi Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuzhou Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuemiao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
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18
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Chang M, Wang M, Liu B, Zhong W, Jana D, Wang Y, Dong S, Antony A, Li C, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Lin J, Jiang W, Zhao Y. A Cancer Nanovaccine Based on an FeAl-Layered Double Hydroxide Framework for Reactive Oxygen Species-Augmented Metalloimmunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8143-8156. [PMID: 38436248 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of individual tumors have hindered the efficacy of existing therapeutic cancer vaccines, sparking intensive interest in the development of more effective in situ vaccines. Herein, we introduce a cancer nanovaccine for reactive oxygen species-augmented metalloimmunotherapy in which FeAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) is used as a delivery vehicle with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as cargo. The LDH framework is acid-labile and can be degraded in the tumor microenvironment, releasing iron ions, aluminum ions, and DHA. The iron ions contribute to aggravated intratumoral oxidative stress injury by the synergistic Fenton reaction and DHA activation, causing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death in cancer cells. The subsequently released tumor-associated antigens with the aluminum adjuvant form a cancer nanovaccine to generate robust and long-term immune responses against cancer recurrence and metastasis. Moreover, Fe ion-enabled T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can facilitate real-time tumor therapy monitoring. This cancer-nanovaccine-mediated metalloimmunotherapy strategy has the potential for revolutionizing the precision immunotherapy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Chang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Man Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Deblin Jana
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Abin Antony
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqi Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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19
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Liu Z, Li C, Cao Y, Xu X, Zhou Z, Du J, Yang S, Yang H. Manganese(III) Phthalocyanine Complex Nanoparticle-Loaded Glucose Oxidase to Enhance Tumor Inhibition through Energy Metabolism and Macrophage Polarization. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1862-1877. [PMID: 38450575 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have demonstrated efficacy in eliminating tumor cells by modifying the tumor microenvironment and inducing the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Nevertheless, the transient nature and limited diffusion distance inherent in ROS present significant challenges in cancer treatment. In response to these limitations, we have developed a nanoparticle (MnClPc-HSA@GOx) that not only inhibits tumor energy metabolism but also facilitates the transition of TAMs from the M2 type (anti-inflammatory type) to the M1 type (proinflammatory type). MnClPc-HSA@GOx comprises a manganese phthalocyanine complex (MnClPc) enveloped in human serum albumin (HSA), with glucose oxidase (GOx) loaded onto MnClPc@HSA nanoparticles. GOx was employed to catalyze the decomposition of glucose to produce H2O2 and gluconic acid. Additionally, in the presence of MnClPc, it catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 into •O2- and 1O2. Results indicate that the nanoparticle effectively impedes the glucose supply to tumor cells and suppresses their energy metabolism. Simultaneously, the ROS-mediated polarization of TAMs induces a shift from M2 to M1 macrophages, resulting in a potent inhibitory effect on tumors. This dual-action strategy holds promising clinical inhibition applications in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chao Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yushi Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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20
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He F, Shi H, Guo S, Li X, Tan X, Liu R. Molecular mechanisms of nano-sized polystyrene plastics induced cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity in Eisenia fetida. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133032. [PMID: 38000284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are currently everywhere and environmental pollution by NPs is a pressing global problem. Nevertheless, until now, few studies have concentrated on the mechanisms and pathways of cytotoxic effects and immune dysfunction of NPs on soil organisms employing a multidimensional strategy. Hence, earthworm immune cells and immunity protein lysozyme (LZM) were selected as specific receptors to uncover the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity resulting from exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), and the binding mechanisms of PS-NPs-LZM interaction. Results on cells indicated that when earthworm immune cells were exposed to high-dose PS-NPs, it caused a notable rise in the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress. PS-NPs exposure significantly decreased the cell viability of earthworm immune cells, inducing cytotoxicity through ROS-mediated oxidative stress pathway, and oxidative injury effects, including reduced antioxidant defenses, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and protein oxidation. Moreover, PS-NPs stress inhibited the intracellular LZM activity in immune cells, resulting in impaired immune function and immunotoxicity by activating the oxidative stress pathway mediated by ROS. The results from molecular studies revealed that PS-NPs binding destroyed the LZM structure and conformation, including secondary structure changes, protein skeleton unfolding/loosening, fluorescence sensitization, microenvironment changes, and particle size changes. Molecular docking suggested that PS-NPs combined with active center of LZM easier and inhibited the protein function more, and formed a hydrophobic interaction with TRP 62, a crucial amino acid residue closely associated with the function and conformation of LZM. This is also responsible for LZM conformational changes and functional inhibition /inactivation. These results of this research offer a fresh outlook on evaluating the detriment of NPs to the immune function of soil organisms using cellular and molecular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Huijian Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xuejie Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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21
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Sadiq S, Khan S, Khan I, Khan A, Humayun M, Wu P, Usman M, Khan A, Alanazi AF, Bououdina M. A critical review on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: Designing, recent trends, challenges, and prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25521. [PMID: 38356588 PMCID: PMC10864983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) have garnered significant attention in recent decades due to their versatile applications in a wide range of fields. Thanks to their tiny size, enhanced surface modifications, impressive volume-to-surface area ratio, magnetic properties, and customized optical dispersion. NMs experienced an incredible upsurge in biomedical applications including diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery. This minireview will focus on notable examples of NMs that tackle important issues, demonstrating various aspects such as their design, synthesis, morphology, classification, and use in cutting-edge applications. Furthermore, we have classified and outlined the distinctive characteristics of the advanced NMs as nanoscale particles and hybrid NMs. Meanwhile, we emphasize the incredible potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a highly versatile group of NMs. These MOFs have gained recognition as promising candidates for a wide range of bio-applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, antiviral therapy, anticancer therapy, nanomedicines, theranostics, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy, and drug delivery. Although advanced NMs have shown great potential in the biomedical field, their use in clinical applications is still limited by issues such as stability, cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and health concerns. This review article provides a thorough analysis offering valuable insights for researchers investigating to explore new design, development, and expansion opportunities. Remarkably, we ponder the prospects of NMs and nanocomposites in conjunction with current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadiq
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Shoaib Khan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Iltaf Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Khan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212100, China
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Khan
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amal Faleh Alanazi
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Encinas-Gimenez M, Martin-Duque P, Martín-Pardillos A. Cellular Alterations Due to Direct and Indirect Interaction of Nanomaterials with Nucleic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1983. [PMID: 38396662 PMCID: PMC10889090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) represents the main reservoir of genetic information in the cells, which is why it is protected in the nucleus. Entry into the nucleus is, in general, difficult, as the nuclear membrane is a selective barrier to molecules longer than 40 kDa. However, in some cases, the size of certain nanoparticles (NPs) allows their internalization into the nucleus, thus causing a direct effect on the DNA structure. NPs can also induce indirect effects on DNA through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this context, nanomaterials are emerging as a disruptive tool for the development of novel therapies in a broad range of biomedical fields; although their effect on cell viability is commonly studied, further interactions with DNA or indirect alterations triggered by the internalization of these materials are not always clarified, since the small size of these materials makes them perfectly suitable for interaction with subcellular structures, such as the nucleus. In this context, and using as a reference the predicted interactions presented in a computational model, we describe and discuss the observed direct and indirect effects of the implicated nanomaterials on DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Encinas-Gimenez
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.E.-G.); (A.M.-P.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (IQTMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Ciber Bioingeniería y Biomateriales (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Ciber Bioingeniería y Biomateriales (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Desarrollo de Medicamentos de Terapias Avanzadas (DDMTA), Centro de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos lll, 28222 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Pardillos
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.E.-G.); (A.M.-P.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (IQTMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Ciber Bioingeniería y Biomateriales (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Xiao N, Xiong S, Zhou Z, Zhong M, Bai H, Li Q, Tang Y, Xie J. Recent progress in biomaterials-driven ferroptosis for cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:288-307. [PMID: 38189655 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, first suggested in 2012, is a type of non-apoptotic programmed cell death caused by the buildup of lipid peroxidation and marked by an overabundance of oxidized poly unsaturated fatty acids. During the last decade, researchers have uncovered the formation of ferroptosis and created multiple drugs aimed at it, but due to poor selectivity and pharmacokinetics, clinical application has been hindered. In recent years, biomedical discoveries and developments in nanotechnology have spurred the investigation of ferroptosis nanomaterials, providing new opportunities for the ferroptosis driven tumours treatment. Additionally, hydrogels have been widely studied in ferroptosis because of their unique 3D structure and excellent controllability. By using these biomaterials, it is possible to achieve controlled release and targeted delivery of drugs, thus increasing the potency of the drugs and minimizing adverse effects. Therefore, summarizing the biomedical nanomaterials, including hydrogels, used in ferroptosis for cancer therapy is a must. This article provides an overview of ferroptosis, detailing its properties and underlying mechanisms. It also categorizes and reviews the use of various nanomaterials in ferroptosis, along with relevant explanations and illustrations. In addition, we discuss the opportunities and challenges facing the application of nanomaterials in ferroptosis. Finally, the development prospects of this field are prospected. This review is intended to provide a foundation for the development and application of biomedical nanomaterials in ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianting Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Su Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Huayang Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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24
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Wei L, Wang Z, Lu X, Chen J, Zhai Y, Huang Q, Pei S, Liu Y, Zhang W. Interfacial strong interaction-enabling cascade nanozymes for apoptosis-ferroptosis synergistic therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:20-29. [PMID: 37708728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanozymes are promising therapeutic agents due to their good ability of reactive oxygen species generation in response to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Achieving optimal performance of noble metal nanozymes at a minimum dosage is crucial due to potential systemic biotoxicity. In this study, we report the successful anchoring of Ir nanoclusters on Co(OH)2 nanosheets with an Ir content of 6.2 wt% (denoted as Ir6.2-Co(OH)2), which exhibits remarkable peroxidase (POD)- and catalase (CAT)-like activities. The strong electronic interaction at the Ir-O-Co interface endows glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)-like activity to the composite, ensuring efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) by supplementing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and depleting glutathione (GSH). Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that Ir6.2-Co(OH)2 nanozymes significantly enhance antitumor efficacy through apoptosis-ferroptosis synergistic therapy. This study highlights the tremendous potential of leveraging strong electronic interactions between noble metals and oxides for modulating enzyme-like activities towards high-efficiency synergistic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lineng Wei
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiuxin Lu
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yujie Zhai
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou 543000, China.
| | - Shenglin Pei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Breast, Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Nanning 530021, China; Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research of Guangxi Department of Education, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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25
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Liang J, Li L, Tian H, Wang Z, Liu G, Duan X, Guo M, Liu J, Zhang W, Nice EC, Huang C, He W, Zhang H, Li Q. Drug Repurposing-Based Brain-Targeting Self-Assembly Nanoplatform Using Enhanced Ferroptosis against Glioblastoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303073. [PMID: 37460404 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal form of malignant brain tumor, is a therapeutic challenge due to the drug filtration capabilities of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Interestingly, glioblastoma tends to resist apoptosis during chemotherapy, but is susceptible to ferroptosis. Developing therapies that can effectively target glioblastoma by crossing the BBB and evoke ferroptosis are, therefore, crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Herein, a versatile biomimetic nanoplatform, L-D-I/NPs, is designed that self-assembled by loading the antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) onto lactoferrin (LF). This nanoplatform can selectively target glioblastoma by binding to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) and crossing the BBB, thus inducing glioblastoma cell ferroptosis by boosting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron overload. In addition, L-D-I/NPs have demonstrated the ability to effectively suppress the progression of orthotopic glioblastoma and significantly prolong survival in a mouse glioblastoma model. This nanoplatform has facilitated the application of non-chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor treatment with minimal adverse effects, paving the way for highly efficient ferroptosis-based therapies for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantang Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Meiwen Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
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Li LG, Yang XX, Xu HZ, Yu TT, Li QR, Hu J, Peng XC, Han N, Xu X, Chen NN, Chen X, Tang JM, Li TF. A Dihydroartemisinin-Loaded Nanoreactor Motivates Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy by Synergy-Induced Ferroptosis to Activate Cgas/STING for Reprogramming of Macrophage. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301561. [PMID: 37567571 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) characterized by an M2 phenotype is an overriding feature in malignant tumors. Reprogramming TAM is the most cutting-edge strategy for cancer therapy. In the present study, an iron-based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoreactor loaded with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is developed, which provides high uptake by TAM and retains their viability, thus effectively addressing the inefficiency of the DHA at low concentrations. Impressively, DHA@MIL-101 can selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and remodel TAM to the M1 phenotype. The results of RNA sequencing further suggest that this nanoreactor may regulate ferroptosis, a DNA damage signaling pathway in TAM. Indeed, the outcomes confirm that DHA@MIL-101 triggers ferroptosis in TAM. In addition, the findings reveal that DNA damage induced by DHA nanoreactors activates the intracellular cGAS sensor, resulting in the binding of STING to IRF3 and thereby up-regulating the immunogenicity. In contrast, blocking ferroptosis impairs DHA@MIL-101-induced activation of STING signaling and phenotypic remodeling. Finally, it is shown that DHA nanoreactors deploy anti-tumor immunotherapy through ferroptosis-mediated TAM reprogramming. Taken together, immune efficacy is achieved through TAM's remodeling by delivering DHA and iron ions into TAM using nanoreactors, providing a novel approach for combining phytopharmaceuticals with nanocarriers to regulate the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Gen Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yang
- School Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Qi-Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
- Department of Pathology, Sinopharm DongFeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Ning Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
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He C, Jiang Y, Guo Y, Wu Z. Amplified Ferroptosis and Apoptosis Facilitated by Differentiation Therapy Efficiently Suppress the Progression of Osteosarcoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302575. [PMID: 37394717 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent osseous neoplasm among young people aged 10-20. Currently, the leading treatment for osteosarcoma is a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. However, the mortality remains high due to chemoresistance, metastasis, and recurrence, attributing to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as reported. To target CSCs, differentiation therapy attracts increasing attention, inducing CSCs to bulk tumor cells with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and less chemoresistance. Moreover, increasing studies have implied that ferroptosis is a promising approach to eliminating cancer cells through eliciting oxidative damage and subsequent apoptosis, effectively bypassing chemoresistance. Here, a cancer-cell-membrane-decorated biocompatible formulation (GA-Fe@CMRALi liposome) is constructed to combat OS efficiently by combining distinct differentiation and ferroptosis therapies through magnified ROS-triggered ferroptosis and apoptosis with homologous target capability to tumor sites. The combinational approach exhibited favorable therapeutic efficacy against OS in vitro and in vivo. Impressively, the potential mechanisms are revealed by mRNA sequencing. This study provides a tactical design and typical paradigm of the synergized differentiation and ferroptosis therapies to combat heterogeneous OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Translational Research Center of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Translational Research Center of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zenghui Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
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Zhang X, Xu X, Liu H, Ni N, Liu S, Gong Y, Ma G, Song L, Meng Q, Fan Q, Sun X. CCR2-overexpressing biomimetic carrier-free nanoplatform for enhanced cascade ferroptosis tumor therapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:604-614. [PMID: 37156432 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis-based nanoplatforms have shown great potential in cancer therapy. However, they also face issues such as degradation and metabolism. Carrier-free nanoplatforms consisting of active drugs can effectively avoid the security issues associated with additional carrier ingredients. Herein, a biomimetic carrier-free nanoplatform (HESN@CM) was designed to treat cancer by modulating cascade metabolic pathways of ferroptosis. CCR2-overexpressing macrophage membrane-modified HESN can target cancer cells via the CCR2-CCL2 axis. The acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) can disrupt the supramolecular interaction of HESN, releasing hemin and erastin. Then, erastin could induce cancer cells ferroptosis by inhibiting system XC- pathways, while hemin, a vital component of blood to transport oxygen, could be broken down by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), increasing the intracellular Fe2+ concentration to induce cancer cells' ferroptosis further. Meanwhile, erastin could enhance the activity of HO-1, further promoting the release of Fe2+ from hemin. As a result, HESN@CM demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy in both primary and metastatic tumors in vitro and in vivo. The carrier-free HESN@CM provided cascade ferroptosis tumor therapy strategies for potential clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: CCR2-overexpressing biomimetic carrier-free nanoplatform (HESN@CM) was designed for cancer treatment by modulating metabolic pathways of ferroptosis. HESN modified with CCR2-overexpressing macrophage membrane can target tumor cells via the CCR2-CCL2 axis. HESN was composed of hemin and erastin without additional vectors. Erastin could directly induce ferroptosis, while hemin could be broken down by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), increasing the intracellular Fe2+ concentration to enhance ferroptosis further. Meanwhile, erastin could improve the activity of HO-1, promoting the release of Fe2+ from hemin. Therefore, HESN@CM with good bioavailability, stability, and simple preparation can realize cascade ferroptosis tumor therapy and have the potential prospect of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xueli Xu
- School of Science, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Nengyi Ni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yufang Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guiqi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Linlin Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China.
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Ni C, Ouyang Z, Li G, Liu J, Cao X, Zheng L, Shi X, Guo R. A tumor microenvironment-responsive core-shell tecto dendrimer nanoplatform for magnetic resonance imaging-guided and cuproptosis-promoted chemo-chemodynamic therapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:474-486. [PMID: 37040813 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic nanoplatforms for combination tumor therapy have gained lots of attention recently due to the optimized therapeutic efficiency and simultaneous diagnosis performance. Herein, a novel tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive core-shell tecto dendrimer (CSTD) was assembled by phenylboronic acid- and mannose-modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimers via the phenylboronic ester bonds that are responsive to low pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and efficiently loaded with copper ions and chemotherapeutic drug disulfiram (DSF) for tumor-targeted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and cuproptosis-promoted chemo-chemodynamic therapy. The formed CSTD-Cu(II)@DSF could be specifically taken up by MCF-7 breast cancer cells, accumulated to the tumor model after circulation, and released drugs in response to the weakly acidic TME with overexpressed ROS. The enriched intracellular Cu(II) ions could induce the oligomerization of lipoylated proteins and proteotoxic stress for cuproptosis, and lipid peroxidation for chemodynamic therapy as well. Moreover, the CSTD-Cu(II)@DSF could cause the dysfunction of mitochondria and arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, leading to enhanced DSF-mediated cell apoptosis. As a result, CSTD-Cu(II)@DSF could effectively inhibit the growth of MCF-7 tumors by a combination therapy strategy integrating chemotherapy with cuproptosis and chemodynamic therapy. Lastly, the CSTD-Cu(II)@DSF also displays Cu(II)-associated r1 relaxivity, allowing for T1-weighted real-time MR imaging of tumors in vivo. The developed tumor-targeted and TME-responsive CSTD-based nanomedicine formulation may be developed for accurate diagnosis and synergistic treatment of other cancer types. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Constructing an effective nanoplatform for the combination of therapeutic effects and real-time tumor imaging remains a challenge. In this study, we reported for the first time an all-in-one tumor-targeted and tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive nanoplatform based on core-shell tecto dendrimer (CSTD) for the cuproptosis-promoted chemo-chemodynamic therapy and enhanced MR imaging. The efficient loading, selective tumor-targeting, and TME-responsive release of Cu(II) and disulfiram could enhance the intracellular accumulation of drugs, induce cuproptosis of cancer cells, and amplify the synergistic chemo-chemodynamic therapeutic effect, resulting in enhanced MR imaging and accelerated tumor eradication. This study sheds new light on the development of theranostic nanoplatforms for early accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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30
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Di X, Pei Z, Pei Y, James TD. Tumor microenvironment-oriented MOFs for chemodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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31
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Liu P, Hao L, Liu M, Hu S. Glutathione-responsive and -exhausting metal nanomedicines for robust synergistic cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1161472. [PMID: 36970628 PMCID: PMC10036587 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1161472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their rapid and uncontrolled proliferation, cancer cells are characterized by overexpression of glutathione (GSH), which impairs reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based therapy and weakens the chemotherapeutic agent-induced toxification. Extensive efforts have been made in the past few years to improve therapeutic outcomes by depleting intracellular GSH. Special focus has been given to the anticancer applications of varieties of metal nanomedicines with GSH responsiveness and exhaustion capacity. In this review, we introduce several GSH-responsive and -exhausting metal nanomedicines that can specifically ablate tumors based on the high concentration of intracellular GSH in cancer cells. These include inorganic nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and platinum-based nanomaterials. We then discuss in detail the metal nanomedicines that have been extensively applied in synergistic cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), ferroptotic therapy, and radiotherapy. Finally, we present the horizons and challenges in the field for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Min Liu, ; Shuo Hu,
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Min Liu, ; Shuo Hu,
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Mao H, Wen Y, Yu Y, Li H, Wang J, Sun B. Ignored role of polyphenol in boosting reactive oxygen species generation for polyphenol/chemodynamic combination therapy. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100436. [PMID: 36176720 PMCID: PMC9513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a promising tumor-specific treatment, but still suffering insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to its limited efficacy of Fenton/Fenton-like reaction. Polyphenol, as a natural reductant, has been applied to promote the efficacy of Fenton/Fenton-like reactions; however, its intrinsic pro-apoptosis effects was ignored. Herein, a novel CDT/polyphenol-combined strategy was designed, based on Avenanthramide C-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica (DMSN)-Au/Fe3O4 nanoplatforms with folic acid modification for tumor-site targeting. For the first time, we showed that the nanocomplex (DMSNAF-AVC-FA) induced ROS production in the cytoplasm via Au/Fe3O4-mediated Fenton reactions and externally damaged the mitochondrial membrane; simultaneously, the resultant increased mitochondrial membrane permeability can facilitate the migration of AVC into mitochondrial, targeting the DDX3 pathway and impairing the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, which significantly boosted the endogenous ROS levels inside the mitochondrial. Under the elevated oxidative stress level via both intra- and extra-mitochondrial ROS production, the maximum mitochondrial membrane permeability was achieved by up-regulation of Bax/Bcl-2, and thereby led to massive release of Cytochrome C and maximum tumor cell apoptosis via Caspase-3 pathway. As a result, the as-designed strategy achieved synergistic cytotoxicity to 4T1 tumor cells with the cell apoptosis rate of 99.12% in vitro and the tumor growth inhibition rate of 63.3% in vivo, while very minor cytotoxicity to normal cells with cell viability of 95.4%. This work evidenced that natural bioactive compounds are powerful for synergistically boosting ROS level, providing new insight for accelerating the clinical conversion progress of CDT with minimal side effects. A novel CDT/polyphenol-combined nanoplatform, DMSNAF-AVC-FA was designed. DMSNAF-AVC-FA induced ROS production and externally damaged mitochondrial membrane. DMSNAF-AVC-FA facilitated AVC targeting the DDX3 pathway and impairing ETC complexes. DMSNAF-AVC-FA achieved synergistic antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Mao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yangyang Wen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
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Chen Y, Su M, Jia L, Zhang Z. Synergistic chemo-photothermal and ferroptosis therapy of polydopamine nanoparticles for esophageal cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1115-1130. [PMID: 36094845 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop synergistic chemo-photothermal and ferroptosis therapy nanoparticles to improve the efficacy of treatment for esophageal cancer. Materials & methods: Fe3O4@PDA-HCPT nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed and characterized. Their synergistic antitumor effects were evaluated in EC1 and EC109 esophageal cancer cells as well as in esophageal cancer-bearing mice. Results: In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Fe3O4@PDA-HCPT NPs exhibited significant tumor inhibition and excellent diagnostic properties. The killing ability of tumor cells was significantly enhanced after irradiation. Conclusion: Synergistic application of the three therapies effectively inhibited tumor growth and exhibited potent antitumor effects, providing strong support for developing nanoparticles with synergistic antitumor effects of multiple therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingliang Su
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhanxia Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
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