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Hahm S, Altweck L, Franz H, Schmidt S, Fleischer T, Helmert C, Ulke C, Speerforck S, Schomerus G, Klinger-König J, Grabe HJ, Beutel ME, Brähler E, Muehlan H. [Life events related to the German reunification and their associations with psychosocial health in a sample of northeast Germany]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 69:218-234. [PMID: 37815586 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2023.69.3.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate (1) the type and frequency of reported life events of the East German population related to the German reunification and (2) their associations with psychosocial health. Methods: Data of 2247 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania was used.These qualitative responses were analysed using quantitative content analysis. Their associations with subjective physical and mental health, optimism, social support, depressive symptoms, and chronic stress were examined. Results: Eight life event categories were identified (education, employment-related changes, material changes, new opportunities, personal life events, politics, separations, reunifications). Especially, experiencing new opportunities was associated with a higher level of optimism as well as a lower level of depressive symptoms and chronic stress. Conclusions: In this study, events frequently described in the literature (e.g., employment-related and social changes) were confirmed and systematized.The observed associations of these events with psychosocial factors should be examined further in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hahm
- Lehrstuhl Gesundheit und Prävention, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Laura Altweck
- Lehrstuhl Gesundheit und Prävention, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Henriette Franz
- Lehrstuhl Gesundheit und Prävention, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl Gesundheit und Prävention, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Toni Fleischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Claudia Helmert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Christine Ulke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Sven Speerforck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Leipzig Deutschland
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V. (DZNE), Standort Rostock/Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz Deutschland
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz Deutschland
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Lehrstuhl Gesundheit und Prävention, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Greifswald Deutschland
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Alesawi A, Malaka A, Abuzenada M, Alsaywid B, Badawood H, Aldawsari M, Alshaikh Y, Alesawi N. Employment Rate of Newly Certified Healthcare Specialists in Saudi Arabia: A Survey-Based Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40898. [PMID: 37492823 PMCID: PMC10365150 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess and compare the employment rates of medical and dental specialists across different regions of Saudi Arabia from 2011 to 2019. Methodology With the aid of the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, the national survey was sent via email to 12,000 healthcare postgraduates who obtained their board certificate within the period 2011-2019. It contained several questions regarding demographics, specialty, employment, satisfaction, and, finally, challenges and obstacles they faced during their job-seeking experience. Results Of the 723 respondents, almost 655 (90.7%) were employed. The employment rate of medical specialists (n = 605, 90.7%) was higher than dental specialists (n = 50, 89.3%). Nevertheless, 96% (n = 48) of dental employees were working at a specialty of their specified qualification, while only 93.7% (n = 562) of medical employees did. Regarding the month of their employment, the month of October (15.25%) had the highest employment rate for medical specialists; however, for a dental specialist, August (18%) had the highest employment rate. However, 64.5% of the respondents admitted that they faced challenges during their job-seeking experience, with few available positions being the most common obstacle for both medical and dental specialists. Conclusions Our survey confirms that medical and dental specialists in Saudi Arabia are facing delays in entering the workforce, which vary by region and specialty. It also sheds light on the reasons for these gaps, with limited job opportunities being a major issue for both groups. For career advancement, it is essential to identify these obstacles and develop a strategy to overcome them, such as involving the private sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maha Abuzenada
- Research and Development Department, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Basim Alsaywid
- Research and Development Department, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Halla Badawood
- Department of Occupational Therapy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed Aldawsari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Norah Alesawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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Rogowska AM, Ochnik D, Kuśnierz C, Chilicka K, Jakubiak M, Paradowska M, Głazowska L, Bojarski D, Fijołek J, Podolak M, Tomasiewicz M, Nowicka D, Kawka M, Grabarczyk M, Babińska Z. Changes in mental health during three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study among polish university students. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:627. [PMID: 34911485 PMCID: PMC8672339 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that mental health worsened during the Coronavirus crisis, in particular among women and university students. However, few longitudinal studies have so far investigated the changes in mental health outcomes across three subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to examine changes in mental health among university students. METHODS A total of 1,961university students from Poland, at mean age 23.23 years (SD = 3.16, 57.47% of women) were included in this repeated cross-sectional study across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: W1 (n = 657), W2 (n = 654), and W3 (n = 650). They completed the online survey with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), General Self-Rated Health (GSRH), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), as well as sociodemographic variables. RESULTS The prevalence of people at high risk of anxiety and perceived stress, poorer physical health, and low life satisfaction changed significantly across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the two-way ANOVA showed that both the wave (W1<W2<W3) and gender (men<women) had a significant impact on the level of anxiety. Statistically significant changes in perceived stress were found between pandemic waves (W1>W2, W1>W3), and genders (men<women). Self-reported physical health significantly deteriorated in W3 compared to W1 and W2 (W1>W3, W2>W3), and was significantly worse in women than in men. The level of life satisfaction also decreased significantly in W3 (W1>W3, W2>W3), but did not differ between men and women. High GAD risk was presented two times more frequently among women and people who subjectively assessed their health as poor, three times more likely in participants dissatisfied with their lives, and seven times more probably in persons with high-stress levels. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study consistently indicate (using parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis) that there are significant differences in mental health problems across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests that pandemic waves should be considered in future review studies and meta-analyses. Furthermore, these findings indicate a potential role for prevention and intervention programs aimed at alleviating life satisfaction and subjective assessment of health and improving coping skills to reduce stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Rogowska
- grid.107891.60000 0001 1010 7301Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Dominika Ochnik
- grid.1035.70000000099214842Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Katowice, Poland
| | - Cezary Kuśnierz
- grid.440608.e0000 0000 9187 132XFaculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Karolina Chilicka
- grid.107891.60000 0001 1010 7301Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Monika Jakubiak
- grid.29328.320000 0004 1937 1303Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Paradowska
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Luiza Głazowska
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dawid Bojarski
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Fijołek
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Podolak
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Tomasiewicz
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowicka
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Faculty of History, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Kawka
- grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Faculty of “Artes Liberales”, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Grabarczyk
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Babińska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Institute of the Middle and Far East, Faculty of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Rogowska AM, Ochnik D, Kuśnierz C, Jakubiak M, Schütz A, Held MJ, Arzenšek A, Benatov J, Berger R, Korchagina EV, Pavlova I, Blažková I, Konečná Z, Aslan I, Çınar O, Cuero-Acosta YA. Satisfaction with life among university students from nine countries: Cross-national study during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2262. [PMID: 34895179 PMCID: PMC8665700 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A cross-sectional study was performed to examine life satisfaction differences between university students from nine countries during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-national comparison of the association between life satisfaction and a set of variables was also conducted. Methods Participants in the study were 2349 university students with a mean age of 23 years (M = 23.15, SD = 4.66). There was a predominance of women (69.26%) and individuals studying at the bachelor level (78%). The research was conducted between May and July 2020 in nine countries: Slovenia (n=209), the Czech Republic (Czechia)(n=308), Germany (n=267), Poland (n=301), Ukraine (n=310), Russia (n=285), Turkey (n=310), Israel (n=199), and Colombia (n=153). Participants completed an online survey involving measures of satisfaction with life (SWLS), exposure to COVID-19, perceived negative impact of coronavirus (PNIC) on students' well-being, general self-reported health (GSRH), physical activity (PA), and some demographics (gender, place of residence, level of study). A one-way ANOVA was used to explore cross-national differences in life satisfaction. The χ2 independence test was performed separately in each country to examine associations between life satisfaction and other variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify life satisfaction predictors among a set of demographic and health-related variables in each of the nine countries. Results The level of life satisfaction varied between university students from the nine countries. The results for life satisfaction and the other variables differed between countries. Numerous associations were noted between satisfaction with life and several variables, and these showed cross-national differences. Distinct predictors of life satisfaction were observed for each country. However, poor self-rated physical health was a predictor of low life satisfaction independent of the country. Conclusions The association between life satisfaction and subjective assessment of physical health seems to be universal, while the other variables are related to cross-cultural differences. Special public health attention should be focused on psychologically supporting people who do not feel healthy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12288-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Ochnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555, Katowice, Poland
| | - Cezary Kuśnierz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758, Opole, Poland
| | - Monika Jakubiak
- Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Astrid Schütz
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Marco J Held
- Department of Psychology, University of Bamberg, 96047, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Ana Arzenšek
- Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, 6101, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Joy Benatov
- Department of Special Education, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rony Berger
- The Center for Compassionate Mindful Education, 69106, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elena V Korchagina
- St. Petersburg School of Economics and Management, HSE University, 194100, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Industrial Management, Economics and Trade, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, 79007, Ukraine
| | - Ivana Blažková
- Department of Regional and Business Economics, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Konečná
- Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Imran Aslan
- Health Management Department, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Orhan Çınar
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Amiri S. Smoking and alcohol use in unemployed populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:254-277. [PMID: 34747337 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1981124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon that has economic, social, personal, and health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use and smoking as a systematic review and meta-analysis. The two databases PubMed and Scopus were selected for the search and using a set of keywords, these two sources of scientific information were searched from 2004 to June 2021 and 1996 until June 2021, respectively. To meta-analyze the relationship between unemployment and smoking and alcohol use, odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated for this relationship. The meta-analysis was performed based on a random-effects. Subgroups were also performed for men and women. Heterogeneity in studies as well as publication bias were also examined. A total of 52 cross-sectional and cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use, the odds ratio was 1.25 and the confidence interval was between 1.12 and 1.41. In the relationship between unemployment and smoking, the odds ratio was 1.43 and the confidence interval was between 1.13 and 1.81. According to the results, it can be said that unemployment increases the likelihood of alcohol use and smoking. Therefore, policymakers must pay more attention to the health consequences of economic problems, especially unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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