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Willems MET, Bray PW, Bassett HM, Spurr TJ, West AT. Effects of CurraNZ, a New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract during 1 Hour of Treadmill Running in Female and Male Marathon des Sables Athletes in Hot Conditions: Two Case Studies. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:76. [PMID: 38651434 PMCID: PMC11036262 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Four weeks before competition in the 2023 Marathon des Sables, a 6-stage, ~250 km running event in the Sahara Desert, we examined the effects of a 7-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) on 1 h treadmill running-induced physiological and metabolic responses in the heat (~34 °C, relative humidity: ~30%) in non-acclimatized amateur female and male athletes (age: 23, 38 yrs, BMI: 24.2, 28.4 kg·m-2, body fat%: 29.2, 18.8%, V˙O2max: 50.1, 52.1 mL·kg-1·min-1). During the 1 h run at 50%V˙O2max (speed female: 7.3, male: 7.5 km·h-1), indirect calorimetry was used, and heart rate was recorded at 15 min intervals with core temperature monitoring (0.05 Hz). The 1 h runs took place 3 h after a light breakfast and 2 h after intake of the final dose of New Zealand blackcurrant extract with water allowed ad libitum during the run. The New Zealand blackcurrant extract had no effects on the female athlete. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of the female athlete in the non-supplement control condition was 0.77 ± 0.01, indicating an existing ~77% contribution of fat oxidation to the energy requirements. In the male athlete, during 1 h of running, fat oxidation was higher by 21% (p < 0.01), carbohydrate oxidation was 31% lower (p = 0.05), RER was 0.03 units lower (p = 0.04), and core temperature was 0.4 °C lower (p < 0.01) with no differences for heart rate, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide production for the New Zealand blackcurrant condition compared to the non-supplement control condition. Seven-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) provided beneficial physiological and metabolic responses during exertional heat stress by 1 h of indoor (~34 °C) treadmill running in a male Marathon des Sables athlete 4 weeks before competition. Future work is required to address whether New Zealand blackcurrant provides a nutritional ergogenic effect for Marathon des Sables athletes during long-duration running in the heat combined with personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. T. Willems
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK; (P.W.B.); (H.M.B.); (T.J.S.); (A.T.W.)
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Zeng B, Zhao J, Wen S. A textual and visual features-jointly driven hybrid intelligent system for digital physical education teaching quality evaluation. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:13581-13601. [PMID: 37679103 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of intelligent computing in digital teaching quality evaluation has been a practical demand in smart cities. Currently, related research works can be categorized into two types: textual data-based approaches and visual data-based approaches. Due to the gap between their different formats and modalities, it remains very challenging to integrate them together when conducting digital teaching quality evaluation. In fact, the two types of information can both reflect distinguished knowledge from their own perspectives. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a textual and visual features-jointly driven hybrid intelligent system for digital teaching quality evaluation. Visual features are extracted with the use of a multiscale convolution neural network by introducing receptive fields with different sizes. Textual features serve as the auxiliary contents for major visual features, and are extracted using a recurrent neural network. At last, we implement the proposed method through some simulation experiments to evaluate its practical running performance, and a real-world dataset collected from teaching activities is employed for this purpose. We obtain some groups of experimental results, which reveal that the hybrid intelligent system developed by this paper can bring more than 10% improvement of efficiency towards digital teaching quality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zeng
- Institute of Sport, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Shantian Wen
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
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Fagaras PS, Teodorescu SV, Bacarea A, Petrea RG, Ursanu AI, Cozmei G, Radu LE, Vanvu GI. Aspects Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Supplements among the Active Population in Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:850. [PMID: 36613172 PMCID: PMC9820110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Food supplements contain a variety of combinations of vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and other substances. Any physical effort requires energy from balanced and healthy nutrition. This research aimed to identify the categories of dietary supplements used by active and very active participants who attend the sports and leisure centers from Targu Mures city. The survey was developed in paper and online forms using the Internet and supported multimedia and self-administration. The sample consists of 517 subjects chosen randomly from the research population and divided into the active and highly active PAI subgroups based on age, education, and gender. IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.0 was used to process the collected data. All data were analysed descriptively. Differences between independent groups were assessed using an Independent sample t-test and a Chi-square test. Statistical significance was accepted when p < 0.05. Additionally, a Pearson correlation was done. The most representative age category was between 18 and 22 years old (42.7%), the ones using dietary supplements most frequently. There were significant differences by group of age regarding the consumption of food supplements (p < 0.05) and also by gender (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia-Simona Fagaras
- Department of Doctoral Studies, National University of Physical Education and Sport Bucharest, 140 Constantin Noica Street, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Silvia-Violeta Teodorescu
- Department of Doctoral Studies, National University of Physical Education and Sport Bucharest, 140 Constantin Noica Street, 060057 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Bacarea
- Department ME1–Faculty of Medicine in English, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Renato-Gabriel Petrea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adela-Ioana Ursanu
- Department of Teacher Training, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 67, Professor Dimitrie Mangeron Avenue, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Geanina Cozmei
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana-Elisabeta Radu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gynetta-Ionela Vanvu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Sports Supplements User Profile Based on Demographic, Sports, and Psychological Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214481. [PMID: 36364755 PMCID: PMC9654148 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of sports supplement (SS) use, efforts to profile users have not been conclusive. Studies report that 30–95% of recreational exercisers and elite athletes use SS. Research found has mostly focused on demographic and sports variables to profile SS users, but little research has studied the psychological factors that may influence the use of SS. The purpose of this investigation was to classify, describe, and differentiate the profile of users and non-users of SS, considering demographic, sports, and psychological variables. A total of 554 participants completed the questionnaire. Overall, 45% of recreational exercisers and elite athletes reported using supplements. There were significant differences found regarding the use of SS between men and women (51% vs. 49%, p = 0.002; OR = 1.799), and when training 4 or more days per week (p ≤ 0.001; OR = 1.526). Findings regarding the psychological variables have been found in the Adonis Complex. These results indicate that participants with greater concerns regarding physical appearance, tend to be SS users (p = 0.001; OR = 1.200). The results of this study fill a gap in previous research, and provide an approximate profile, including demographic, sports, and psychological variables of SS users.
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Alqrache A, Mostafa M, Ghabrah O, Ghabrah Z, Kamal N, Ghabrah T, Atta H. Knowledge and Patterns of Dietary Supplement Use among Students Attending King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211020882. [PMID: 34053321 PMCID: PMC8743916 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211020882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oral dietary supplements (DSs) include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, energy drinks, and herbal products. The use of DSs is increasing and their manufacturers promote their benefits. Studies have validated some of these benefits, but have also indicated that some DSs can have adverse effects, especially if used without the appropriate supervision. Little information on DS use among Saudis is available. This study assessed the use of dietary supplements among male and female university students with the goal of educating the community about DSs and the dangers associated with their misuse. Online and paper validated questionnaires were administered to King Abdulaziz University (KAU) students between September 2019 and January 2020. The responses were collected and analyzed statistically. Of the 954 KAU students who completed the survey, one-third used DSs (42.9% women vs 25.7% men). Of these, 51.7% believed that DSs are essential for health, 41.7% classified them as both food and drugs, 67.2% were aware that DSs could not replace a healthy diet, and 25.8% were aware of their potentially harmful effects. Multivitamins and minerals were the most used DSs. DS awareness among KAU students is limited. Additional health education is necessary to assist students in their selection of the most suitable DSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Mostafa
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Ghabrah
- Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Ghabrah
- Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nezar Kamal
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hazem Atta
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Prevalence, attitudes and motivations concerning dietary supplements in sport intake among medical students. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2019.4-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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