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Tomás G, Marandino A, Panzera Y, Rodríguez S, Wallau GL, Dezordi FZ, Pérez R, Bassetti L, Negro R, Williman J, Uriarte V, Grazioli F, Leizagoyen C, Riverón S, Coronel J, Bello S, Páez E, Lima M, Méndez V, Pérez R. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infections in pinnipeds and seabirds in Uruguay: Implications for bird-mammal transmission in South America. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae031. [PMID: 38756986 PMCID: PMC11096771 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b have caused unprecedented deaths in South American wild birds, poultry, and marine mammals. In September 2023, pinnipeds and seabirds appeared dead on the Uruguayan Atlantic coast. Sixteen influenza virus strains were characterized by real-time reverse transcription PCR and genome sequencing in samples from sea lions (Otaria flavescens), fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), and terns (Sterna hirundinacea). Phylogenetic and ancestral reconstruction analysis showed that these strains have pinnipeds most likely as the ancestral host, representing a recent introduction of clade 2.3.4.4b in Uruguay. The Uruguayan and closely related strains from Peru (sea lions) and Chile (sea lions and a human case) carry mammalian adaptative residues 591K and 701N in the viral polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2). Our findings suggest that clade 2.3.4.4b strains in South America may have spread from mammals to mammals and seabirds, revealing a new transmission route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Tomás
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ana Marandino
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sirley Rodríguez
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Departamento de Entomología, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE- Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-465, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology and Entomology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hamburg 20359, Germany
| | - Filipe Zimmer Dezordi
- Departamento de Entomología, Núcleo de Bioinformática, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus da UFPE- Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Pérez
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Bassetti
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Raúl Negro
- Departamento de Virología, División de Laboratorios Veterinarios ‘Miguel C. Rubino’, Dirección’General de Servicios Ganaderos, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Ruta 8 km 17,000, Montevideo 12100, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Williman
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Uriarte
- Dirección Nacional de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (DINABISE), Ministerio de Ambiente, Juncal 1385, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Grazioli
- Dirección Nacional de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (DINABISE), Ministerio de Ambiente, Juncal 1385, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - Carmen Leizagoyen
- Dirección Nacional de Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (DINABISE), Ministerio de Ambiente, Juncal 1385, Montevideo 11000, Uruguay
| | - Sabrina Riverón
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Jaime Coronel
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Soledad Bello
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Páez
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Martín Lima
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Virginia Méndez
- Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Constituyente 1497, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Magouz A, El-Kon I, Raya-Álvarez E, Khaled E, Alkhalefa N, Alhegaili AS, El-khadragy MF, Agil A, Elmahallawy EK. Molecular typing of canine parvovirus type 2 by VP2 gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism in affected dogs from Egypt. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254060. [PMID: 38143867 PMCID: PMC10740174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is one of the most common infectious diseases in dogs characterized by severe gastroenteritis, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Little information is available about this topic in Egypt, particularly in the Delta region. This study reports the prevalence and molecular analysis of CPV-2 variants collected from El-Gharbia and Kafrelsheikh governorates in the Delta of Egypt. Methods In this study, 320 rectal swabs were collected from infected domestic dogs from two districts in delta Egypt. The samples were investigated by rapid immunochromatographic test and polymerase chain reaction for detection the prevalence of CPV-2 variants. The genetic characterization was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and partial VP2 gene sequence. Results and discussion The viral antigen was detected in (264/320, 82.5%) of samples by IC test, while PCR was found more sensitive by detecting (272/320, 85%) positive samples. The RFLP technique using MboII restriction enzyme was successfully used for the differentiation of CPV-2c antigenic variants from CPV-2a/2b strains. Interestingly, the molecular and phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CPV-2a and CPV-2c are circulating in the study area. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed changes at residue (N426E) and residue (T440A).: Our results indicated that CPV-2 is prevalent among dogs in Egypt, and therefore further molecular and epidemiological studies of CPV-2 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Magouz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ismail El-Kon
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Enas Khaled
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Noura Alkhalefa
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Alaa S. Alhegaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F. El-khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Agil
- Department of Pharmacology, Biohealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada) and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Capozza P, Buonavoglia A, Pratelli A, Martella V, Decaro N. Old and Novel Enteric Parvoviruses of Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050722. [PMID: 37242392 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections have been well known for around 100 years in domestic carnivores. However, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus species and/or variants in dogs. Although some evidence suggests that these emerging canine parvoviruses may act as primary causative agents or as synergistic pathogens in the diseases of domestic carnivores, several aspects regarding epidemiology and virus-host interaction remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Dema A, Tallapally MR, Ganji VK, Buddala B, Kodi H, Ramidi A, Yella NR, Putty K. A comprehensive molecular survey of viral pathogens associated with canine gastroenteritis. Arch Virol 2023; 168:36. [PMID: 36609588 PMCID: PMC9825073 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral pathogens are the primary cause of canine gastroenteritis. However, few structured comprehensive studies on the viral etiology of canine gastroenteritis have been conducted. In this study, 475 rectal swabs collected over three years (2018-2021) from clinical canine gastroenteritis cases were screened for the presence of six major enteric viruses - canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine astrovirus (CaAstV), and canine rotavirus (CRV) - by real-time PCR. The most frequently detected virus was CPV-2, which was present in 64.8% of the samples (subtype 2a, 21.1%; 2b, 77.4%; 2c, 1.5%), followed by CDV (8%), CaAstV (7.2%), CCoV (5.9%), and CAdV-2 (4.6%). Two to four of these viruses in different combinations were found in 16.8% of the samples, and CRV was not detected. The complete genome sequences of Indian isolates of CDV, CCoV, and CaAstV were determined for the first time, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. This study highlights the need for routine prophylactic vaccination with the appropriate vaccines. Notably, 70.3% of animals vaccinated with DHPPiL were found to be positive for at least one virus. Hence, regular molecular analysis of the prevalent viruses is crucial for addressing vaccination failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Dema
- grid.506065.0Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Mounika Reddy Tallapally
- grid.506065.0Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Vishweshwar Kumar Ganji
- grid.506065.0Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Buddala
- grid.506065.0Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Haritha Kodi
- grid.506065.0Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Ashwini Ramidi
- grid.506065.0Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Narasimha Reddy Yella
- grid.506065.0Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Kalyani Putty
- Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
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Tracing the Genetic Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV-2) in Thailand. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121460. [PMID: 36558793 PMCID: PMC9781796 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is responsible for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs worldwide. High genomic substitution rates in CPV-2 contribute to the progressive emergence of novel variants with increased ability to evade the host immune response. Three studies have analyzed the genomic mutations of CPV-2 variants in Thailand. These investigations were independently conducted at different timepoints. Thus, a retrospective integrated analysis of CPV-2 genomic mutations has not been fully performed. Our study aimed at evaluating the evolutionary changes in CPV-2 in Thailand from 2003 to 2019. Two hundred and sixty-eight Thai CPV-2 nucleotide sequences were used for multiple amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses. From 2003 to 2010, CPV-2a and -2b were the only variants detected. CPV-2c, emerged in 2014, replacing CPV-2a and -2b, and has become a major variant in 2019. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the proposed mutation pattern of VP2 amino acid residues could help distinguish Thai CPV-2 variants. This comprehensive examination provides insight into the genomic evolution of CPV-2 in Thailand since its first reporting in 2003, which may facilitate the surveillance of the potential genetic alteration of emergent CPV-2 variants.
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Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) of Asian origin in domestic dogs in Myanmar. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Packianathan R, Hodge A, Wright J, Lavidis L, Ameiss K, Yip HYE, Akbarzadeh M, Sharifian M, Amanollahi R, Khabiri A, Hemmatzadeh F. Cross-Neutralization of Vanguard C4 Vaccine Against Australian Isolates of Canine Parvovirus Variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:553-558. [PMID: 35997600 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) remains one of the most significant viral pathogens in dogs in Australia and worldwide despite the availability of safe and effective CPV vaccines. At least three different variants of CPV-2 have emerged and spread all around the world, namely CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. The ability of the current vaccines containing either original CPV-2 type or CPV-2b variant to cross protect the heterologous variants has been well demonstrated in laboratory studies, despite some concerns regarding the vaccine efficacy against the emerging variants. Vanguard®, a series of multivalent vaccines, has been in the market for a considerable period of time and demonstrated to provide efficacy against all three types of CPV variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the recently registered Vanguard C4 vaccine to induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against the Australian isolates of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c variants. Blood samples collected from dogs vaccinated with Vanguard C4 were analyzed by virus neutralizing assays developed for each of three CPV variants. The results of the study demonstrated that Vanguard vaccine induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against the Australian isolates of CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, thus offering cross protection against all three Australian CPV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Packianathan
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Hodge
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Wright
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynette Lavidis
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Australia, Rhodes, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keith Ameiss
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiu Ying Esther Yip
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Malihe Akbarzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Maryam Sharifian
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Reza Amanollahi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Aliakbar Khabiri
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
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Tang Y, Tang N, Zhu J, Wang M, Liu Y, Lyu Y. Molecular characteristics and genetic evolutionary analyses of circulating parvoviruses derived from cats in Beijing. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:195. [PMID: 35606875 PMCID: PMC9125828 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feline parvovirus (FPV) is a member of the family Parvoviridae, which is a major enteric pathogen of cats worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of feline parvovirus in Beijing of China and analyze the genetic features of detected viruses. Results In this study, a total of 60 (8.5%) parvovirus-positive samples were detected from 702 cat fecal samples using parvovirus-specific PCR. The complete VP2 genes were amplified from all these samples. Among them, 55 (91.7%) sequences were characterized as FPV, and the other five (8.3%) were typed as canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) variants, comprised of four CPV-2c and a new CPV-2b strain. In order to investigate the origin of CPV-2 variants in cats, we amplified full-length VP2 genes from seven fecal samples of dogs infected with CPV-2, which were further classified as CPV-2c. The sequences of new CPV-2b/MT270586 and CPV-2c/MT270587 detected from feline samples shared 100% identity with previous canine isolates KT156833 and MF467242 respectively, suggesting the CPV-2 variants circulating in cats might be derived from dogs. Sequence analysis indicated new mutations, Ala91Ser and Ser192Phe, in the FPV sequences, while obtained CPV-2c carried mutations reported in Asian CPV variants, showing they share a common evolutionary pattern with the Asian 2c strains. Interestingly, the FPV sequence (MT270571), displaying four CPV-specific residues, was found to be a putative recombinant sequence between CPV-2c and FPV. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene showed that amino acid and nucleotide mutations promoted the evolution of FPV and CPV lineages. Conclusions Our findings will be helpful to further understand the circulation and evolution of feline and canine parvovirus in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingru Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanli Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Takano T, Hamaguchi S, Hasegawa N, Doki T, Soma T. Predominance of canine parvovirus 2b in Japan: an epidemiological study during 2014-2019. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3151-3156. [PMID: 34387749 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is an important pathogen of domestic dogs and wild canids. In Japan, CPV-2 infection is one of the most common infectious diseases of dogs. We analyzed samples collected between 2014 and 2019 to identify antigenic variants of CPV-2 in dogs in Japan. Our results demonstrated that the CPV-2b variant was predominant. The CPV-2c variant was not found among our samples. Our findings demonstrate that the distribution of CPV-2 antigenic variants in Japan was more similar to that in Australia than to that in neighboring countries in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Shun Hamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Doki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takehisa Soma
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Marupi Lifetech Co., Ltd, Fushio-cho, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-0011, Japan
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Emerging Parvoviruses in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061077. [PMID: 34200079 PMCID: PMC8229815 DOI: 10.3390/v13061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus infections in cats have been well known for around 100 years. Recently, the use of molecular assays and metagenomic approaches for virus discovery and characterization has led to the detection of novel parvovirus lineages and/or species infecting the feline host. However, the involvement of emerging parvoviruses in the onset of gastroenteritis or other feline diseases is still uncertain.
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Chang AM, Chen CC. Molecular Characteristics of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 with High Sequence Similarity between Wild and Domestic Carnivores in Taiwan. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060671. [PMID: 34072499 PMCID: PMC8229444 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is a DNA virus causing gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression in various terrestrial carnivores. Domestic dogs and cats are considered the primary CPPV-1 reservoirs. The habitat overlap of wild carnivores and free-roaming dogs increases the threat of CPPV-1 transmission between them. This study explored the CPPV-1 distribution among wild carnivores in Taiwan through PCR screening and compared the partial capsid protein (VP2) gene sequences from wild and domestic carnivores. In total, 181 samples were collected from 32 masked palm civets (Paguma larvata), 63 Chinese ferret badgers (Melogale moschata), and 86 crab-eating mongooses (Herpestes urva), from 2015 to 2019 were screened for CPPV-1. The average prevalence of CPPV-1 was 17.7% (32/181), with the highest prevalence in masked palm civets (37.5%). In addition, a masked palm civet was coinfected with two CPPV-1 strains. Among the 33 partial VP2 gene sequences, 23 were identical to the sequences amplified from domestic dogs and cats in Asia, and the remaining 10 were identified for the first time. This study supported the circulation of CPPV-1 strains with the same genomic features as domestic carnivores that are also in wild carnivores from the same environment in Taiwan by molecular data. Therefore, further population control and health management of free-roaming domestic carnivores are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Chang
- International Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chen
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-87703202 (ext. 6596)
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Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019. PATHOGENS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:pathogens10050588. [PMID: 34064982 PMCID: PMC8150379 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global distribution of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) derived from a closely related carnivore parvovirus poses a considerable threat to the dog population. The virus is continuously undergoing genetic evolution, giving rise to several variants. To investigate the prevalence of Chinese CPV-2 strains in recent years, a total of 30 CPV-2 strains were collected from 2018 to 2021 and the VP2 gene was sequenced and analyzed. Two variants, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) and CPV-2c (426Glu), were identified. In contrast to previous reports, the CPV-2c variant has gained an epidemiological advantage over the new CPV-2a variant in China. To compensate for the relatively small sample size, 683 Chinese CPV-2 strains identified between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from the GenBank database and previous publications, and analyses of these strains further supported our findings, which should be considered since the CPV-2c variant has been frequently associated with immune failure in adult dogs. VP2 protein sequence analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions, including Ala5Gly, Pro13Ser, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg, Thr440Ala, and Lys570Arg. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP2 gene indicated a close relationship between Chinese strains and other Asian strains, suggesting mutual transmission between Asian countries. Furthermore, intercontinental transmission is a cause for concern. Surprisingly, two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strains with the Ile101Thr mutation in the VP2 protein were identified in canine fecal samples; FPV has been considered incapable of infecting dogs. This study clarified the epidemic characteristics of Chinese CPV-2 strains detected between 2014 and 2019, offering a reference for epidemic control. In addition, the detection of FPV in canine samples may provide information for future studies on the evolution of carnivore parvoviruses.
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13
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Chang YC, Lin ZY, Lin YX, Lin KH, Chan FT, Hsiao ST, Liao JW, Chiou HY. Canine Parvovirus Infections in Taiwanese Pangolins ( Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla). Vet Pathol 2021; 58:743-750. [PMID: 33866880 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211002198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is among the most important and highly contagious pathogens that cause enteric or systemic infections in domestic and nondomestic carnivores. However, the spillover of CPV-2 to noncarnivores is rarely mentioned. Taiwanese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) are threatened due to habitat fragmentation and prevalent animal trafficking. Interactions between Taiwanese pangolins, humans, and domestic animals have become more frequent in recent years. However, information about the susceptibility of pangolins to common infectious agents of domestic animals has been lacking. From October 2017 to June 2019, 4 pangolins that were rescued and treated in wildlife rescue centers in central and northern Taiwan presented with gastrointestinal signs. Gross and histopathological examination revealed the main pathologic changes to be necrotic enteritis with involvement of the crypts in all intestinal segments in 2 pangolins. By immunohistochemistry for CPV-2, there was positive labeling of cryptal epithelium throughout the intestine, and immunolabeling was also present in epidermal cells adjacent to a surgical amputation site, and in mononuclear cells in lymphoid tissue. The other 2 pangolins had mild enteritis without crypt involvement, and no immunolabeling was detected. The nucleic acid sequences of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons from these 4 pangolins were identical to a Chinese CPV-2c strain from domestic dogs. Quantitative PCR revealed a higher ratio of CPV-2 nucleic acid to internal control gene in the 2 pangolins with severe intestinal lesions and positive immunoreactivity. Herein, we present evidence of CPV-2 infections in pangolins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Yi Lin
- 34916National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
| | - Yan Xiu Lin
- 34916National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
| | - Kuei Hsien Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, 56086Council of Agriculture, Chichi
| | - Fang Tse Chan
- Endemic Species Research Institute, 56086Council of Agriculture, Chichi
| | - Shun Ting Hsiao
- Endemic Species Research Institute, 56086Council of Agriculture, Chichi
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14
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Chen CC, Chang AM, Chen WJ, Chang PJ, Lai YC, Lee HH. Molecular survey of selected viral pathogens in wild leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Taiwan with an emphasis on the spatial and temporal dynamics of carnivore protoparvovirus 1. Arch Virol 2021; 166:427-438. [PMID: 33389172 PMCID: PMC7778563 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) was listed as an endangered species under the Wildlife Conservation Act in Taiwan in 2009. However, no study has evaluated the possible direct or indirect effects of pathogens on the Taiwanese leopard cat population. Here, we targeted viral pathogens, including carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (genus Protoparvovirus), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), coronaviruses (CoVs), and canine distemper virus (CDV), through molecular screening. The spatial and temporal dynamics of the target pathogens were evaluated. Through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, we clarified the phylogenetic relationship of viral pathogens isolated from leopard cats and domestic carnivores. Samples from 23 live-trapped leopard cats and 29 that were found dead were collected from 2015 to 2019 in Miaoli County in northwestern Taiwan. Protoparvoviruses and CoVs were detected in leopard cats, and their prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 63.5% (50.4%–76.6%) and 8.8% (0%–18.4%), respectively. Most of the protoparvovirus sequences amplified from Taiwanese leopard cats and domestic carnivores were identical. All of the CoV sequences amplified from leopard cats were identified as feline CoV. No spatial or temporal aggregation of protoparvovirus infection in leopard cats was found in the sampling area, indicating a wide distribution of protoparvoviruses in the leopard cat habitat. We consider sympatric domestic carnivores to be the probable primary reservoir for the identified pathogens. We strongly recommend management of protoparvoviruses and feline CoV in the leopard cat habitat, particularly vaccination programs and population control measures for free-roaming dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chih Chen
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Ai-Mei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jhen Chen
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chang
- Formosan Wild Sound Conservation Science Center, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lai
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Design, Huafan University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Hsun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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15
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Detection and molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) circulating in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101602. [PMID: 33296799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is highly contagious and can cause haemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs. To understand the current epidemic situation of CPV in Jilin Province, China, a total of 44 fecal or intestinal tissue samples of pet dogs suspected of being infected with CPV from February 2018 to November 2019 in Changchun and Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province were collected.All of the 44 collected samples were tested positive to CPV-2 by a PCR assay. The sequencing and analyzing of complete VP2 genes showed that CPV-2c was the most prevalent variant (n = 31;70.4 %), followed by new-CPV-2a (n = 8;18.2 %), new-CPV-2b (n = 4; 9.1 %) and CPV-2 (n = 1; 2.3 %). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 31 CPV-2c strains in our study are closely related to local CPV-2c isolates in cluster I. The VP2 protein of the acquired CPV 2c strains all possessed the substitutions Ala5Gly, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, and Gln370Arg only one with a novel Arg481Lys mutation. These findings demonstrate that CPV-2c was the most prominent type of CPV circulating in Jilin in 2018-2019, clustered in a separate group that is far from the vaccine strains and suggest that further and extensive epidemiological investigation among pet dogs are warranted to provide information for usage and research of current vaccines.
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16
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Genetic Characterisation and Local Genotypes of Canine Parvovirus Strains Collected from Pet Dogs in Central and Eastern China During 2018-2019. J Vet Res 2020; 64:477-486. [PMID: 33367135 PMCID: PMC7734690 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) causes acute infectious diseases in puppies, which show high morbidity and mortality. Better effect of vaccination against these diseases could be achieved with deeper knowledge of CPV-2 genotype dissemination and mutation history. This study investigated CPV-2–positive samples collected recently over a wide region of China. Material and Methods A total of 118 faecal samples from dogs identified as CPV-positive were collected from veterinary clinics in central and eastern China. Overall, 16 strains collected from Anhui, 29 from Henan, and 16 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced to determine the genotypic composition of CPV-2 and mutational complexity of CPV-VP2. Results The CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c genotypes were detected in Anhui and Henan Provinces, while CPV-2c alone was detected in Zhejiang Province. Sequence analysis of all strains showed 98.5%–99.8%, 98.3%–99.9%, and 98.7%–99.8% identity among the 16 Anhui, 29 Henan, and 16 Zhejiang strains, respectively. Strains collected from Anhui and Henan Provinces showed lower identity (97.0%), suggesting greater genetic divergence in central China. The mutation rates of Henan and Anhui strains were lower than that of Zhejiang strains. Major amino acid mutations occurred at sites 5, 370, 426, and 440. Epitope and entropy analyses implied these sites’ likely conformance to the principles of mutation tendency, complexity, and diversity. Conclusion The findings for the evolutionary structure of CPV-2 strains collected from three provinces in central and eastern China advance trend monitoring of the genetic variation in canine parvovirus and point to its implications in the development of novel vaccines.
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17
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Hoang M, Wu CN, Lin CF, Nguyen HTT, Le VP, Chiou MT, Lin CN. Genetic characterization of feline panleukopenia virus from dogs in Vietnam reveals a unique Thr101 mutation in VP2. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9752. [PMID: 33083102 PMCID: PMC7560322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) and feline parvovirus (FPV) are known as the main causes of several serious diseases and have a severe impact on puppies and kittens, respectively. FPV and new CPV-2 variants are all able to infect cats, causing diseases indistinguishable from feline panleukopenia. However, FPV only replicates efficiently in feline cells in vitro and replicates in dogs in the thymus and bone marrow without being shed in feces. In our previous study, the genotypes of six parvoviral isolates were unable to be identified using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. Methods In the present study, we characterized previously unidentified FPV-like viruses isolated from dogs in Vietnam. The six isolates were utilized to complete VP2 gene sequencing and to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Results Sequence analysis of the six parvoviral strains identified the species as being similar to FPV. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the complete VP2 genes of the strains are similar to those of FPV. The FPV-like strains contain a Thr101 mutation in the VP2 protein, which is different from prototype FPV strains. Discussion Our data provide evidence for the existence of changes in the charge, protein contact potential and molecular surface of the core of the receptor-binding size with an Ile101 to Thr101 mutation. This is also the first study to provide reliable evidence that FPV may be a threat to the Vietnamese dog population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Huong Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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18
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Nguyen Manh T, Piewbang C, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Vietnamese canine parvovirus 2C originated from dogs reveals a new Asia-IV clade. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1445-1453. [PMID: 32854156 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a small, single-stranded DNA virus causing fatal haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. Currently, CPV-2 is classified into CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c based on genetic variation in the VP2 gene. The CPV-2c variant has become ubiquitous worldwide and gained attention for monitoring parvoviral evolution. In this study, we characterized the full-length genome sequences of CPV-2c strains obtained from 59 dogs in Vietnam. Molecular analysis revealed that Vietnamese CPV-2c shared a common evolutionary pattern with the Asian CPV-2 clade, which is marked by genetic signature patterns in the structural and nonstructural proteins. In addition, these Vietnamese CPV-2c strains exhibited unique Thr112Ile and Ile447Met mutations in the VP1 and VP2 sequence, respectively. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the mutations of amino acid residues in both the structural and nonstructural genes have contributed to the emergence of a new clade, designated here as the Asia-IV clade. The substitution rates, estimated from a dataset containing 199 sequences over the last 42 years, confirmed that CPV-2 showed a high rate of nucleotide substitution, at about 2.49 × 10-4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year (nt/s/y), with VP1/2 and NS1/2 estimates of 3.06 × 10-4 and 3.16 × 10-4 nt/s/y, respectively. Even though no evidence of genetic recombination in these Vietnamese CPV-2c strains was established, potential positive selection sites were observed in both the structural and nonstructural genes, suggesting the viral evolutionary process has occurred in both the structural and nonstructural proteins. Genetic and evolutionary analysis of the full-length genome sequence is necessary to gain evolutionary insight of CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Nguyen Manh
- International Graduate Program in Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Risk, prognosis and causality of parvo viral enteritis in dogs in Sri Lanka. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 72:101496. [PMID: 32562954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the causal variation, prognosis and risk factors of parvo viral enteritis using both molecular and statistical analysis. A multivariate factor analysis was performed to see the effect of the breed, age, vaccination status and the leukocyte counts on disease severity and survival. Twenty PCR amplicons (partial VP2 gene) from vaccinated dogs were sequenced to identify the variants. A total of 109 samples were positive for parvo viral DNA, 71 of which were from dogs who have received at least one dose of CPV-2 vaccine. Over 90% were leukopenic on 2nd and 3rd day of diarrhoea. Age < 6 months was negatively correlated with leukocyte count and the leukocyte count was negatively correlated with survival. Dobermans and Labradors showed significant negative correlation with survival. All variants of parvovirus affected dogs with the 2c being the predominant (2c = 12, 2a = 7, 2b = 1). All 20 strains harboured three additional amino acid substitutions (i.e. Phe267Tyr, Ser297Ala and Tyr324Ile) and warrant further studies on potential changes of the antigenicity of the virus.
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20
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Moon BY, Jang J, Kim SH, Kim YH, Lee HK, So B, Park CK, Lee KK. Genetic characterization of canine parvovirus type 2c from domestic dogs in Korea. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1645-1653. [PMID: 32009300 PMCID: PMC7228216 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) is an aetiological agent that causes acute haemorrhagic enteritis and fatal myocarditis in dogs. Since CPV‐2 first emerged in the late 1970s, its rapid evolution has resulted in three antigenic variants: CPV‐2a, CPV‐2b and CPV‐2c. Here, we report, for the first time in Korea, two cases of CPV‐2c infection in two dogs with severe diarrhoea. The complete open reading frame (4,269nt) of CPV‐2, encoding both non‐structural (NS) and structural (VP) proteins, was sequenced. Based on the amino acid Gln present at residue 426 of the VP2 gene, these strains were typed as CPV‐2c, and were named Korea CPV‐2c_1 and Korea CPV‐2c_2. These strains shared 99.48% reciprocal nucleotide sequence identity and had the highest nucleotide identity (99.77%–99.34%) with Asian CPV strains isolated in China, Italy (found in a dog imported from Thailand), and Vietnam from 2013 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis based on the non‐structural (NS1) and capsid (VP2) genes revealed that Korean CPV‐2c strains clustered closely to Asian CPV strains, and separately from strains isolated in Europe, South America and North America. Amino acid changes never reported before were observed in NS1 (Thr70Pro, Cys287Tyr), VP1 (Lys17Arg, Phe33Leu) and VP2 (Gln365His, Ala516Val). Additional observed mutations, including Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile and Gln370Arg, have been previously reported in the recent CPV‐2c strains with Asian origins. These results suggest that the Korean CPV‐2c strains were potentially introduced via neighbouring Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Youn Moon
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiung Jang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - ByungJae So
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Inthong N, Kaewmongkol S, Meekhanon N, Sirinarumitr K, Sirinarumitr T. Dynamic evolution of canine parvovirus in Thailand. Vet World 2020; 13:245-255. [PMID: 32255965 PMCID: PMC7096304 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.245-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: According to the previous study, the circulating canine parvovirus (CPV) in Thailand is 2a and 2b. Nowadays, CPV mutants, including CPV-2c, have been identified in many parts of the world. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of the circulating CPV in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five CPV-positive fecal samples were obtained from dogs with either acute hemorrhagic diarrhea or diarrhea. The complete VP2 gene of these samples was amplified using VP2 specific primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained full-length VP2 sequences were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results: Sixty and 25 CPV-positive fecal samples were collected in 2010 and 2018, respectively. Thirty-four samples were new CPV-2a and 31 samples were new CPV-2b due to amino acids substitution at position 297 (Ser-Ala). In 2018, 5 new CPV-2a, 19 CPV-2c, and 1 feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) were found, but no new CPV-2b was detected. Moreover, most of the CPV in this study had amino acids mutations at positions 324 and 440. The phylogenetic construction demonstrated the close relationship between the current new CPV-2a with the previous CPV-2a reported from Thailand, China, Uruguay, Vietnam, Singapore, and India. Interestingly, the current new CPV-2b in this study was not closely related to the previous CPV-2b reported in Thailand. The CPV-2c in this study was closer to Asian CPV-2c and further from either European or South America CPV-2c. Interestingly, FPV was identified in a diarrhea dog. Conclusion: The evolution of CPV in Thailand is very dynamic. Thus, it is important to monitor for CPV mutants and especially the clinical signs relating to these mutants to conduct surveillance for the emergence of new highly pathogenic CPV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inthong
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - S Kaewmongkol
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - N Meekhanon
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - K Sirinarumitr
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - T Sirinarumitr
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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22
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Wang SL, Tu YC, Lee MS, Wu LH, Chen TY, Wu CH, Tsao EHS, Chin SC, Li WT. Fatal canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection in a rescued free-ranging Taiwanese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla). Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1074-1081. [PMID: 31886933 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 includes feline parvovirus (FPV), variants of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), mink enteritis virus, and raccoon parvovirus, important pathogens affecting both wild and domestic carnivores. In this report, we described a fatal CPV-2 infection in a rescued Taiwanese pangolin, which provides the first evidence of CPV-2 infection in a non-carnivore. Post-rescue, the Taiwanese pangolin died from complications resulting from a severe panleucocytopenia and bloody diarrhoea. A full autopsy was performed and microscopic examination of the tissues revealed ulcerative, necrotizing, and haemorrhagic glossitis, esophagitis and enteritis. The results of transmission electronic microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization provided confirmatory evidence that the lesions in the tongue, oesophagus and intestine were associated with a protoparvovirus. Phylogenetic comparison of the whole VP2 gene from the current pangolin protoparvovirus strain showed close clustering with the CPV-2c strains from domestic dogs in Taiwan, China and Singapore. The amino acid sequence of the pangolin protoparvovirus showed 100% identity to the CPV-2c strains from domestic dogs in China, Italy, and Singapore. The current findings highlight that pangolins are susceptible to protoparvoviruses. The potential of cross-species transmission of protoparvoviruses between Carnivora and Pholidota should be considered when housing pangolins in close proximity to carnivores and adopting strict biosecurity measures to avoid cross-species transmission in rescue facilities and zoos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang-Chang Tu
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiuh Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chieh-Hao Wu
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Ukwueze CS, Nwosuh CI, Obishakin EF, Anene BM, Ezeokonkwo RC, Owoludun OA, Chima NC, Luka PD. Genetic analysis and emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c in South Eastern Nigeria. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:141-145. [PMID: 32849895 PMCID: PMC7430366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic analysis of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) variants circulating in South Eastern Nigeria was investigated. The original strain of CPV-2 emerged in 1978, mutated later to CPV-2a and has continued to be evolved. AIMS To genetically characterize CPV-2 strains detected in dogs in South Eastern Nigeria and to phylogenetically group the viruses with existing sequencing data. METHODS A total number of 82 rectal swabs were collected and stored in virus transport medium (VTM) from suspected cases of CPV-2 within the study area and were tested with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Seventy-nine samples (96.3%) were positive for CPV-2 and sequence analysis of partial VP2 gene of 20 amplicons revealed circulation of CPV-2a (n=4) and CPV-2c (n=16) in the region. The obtained strains clustered together. However, the group was further divided into two clear clusters comprising of 2a and 2c strains. The vaccine strain and the CPV-2 reference strains from USA formed a monophyletic cluster. CONCLUSION Canine parvovirus types 2a and 2c are co-circulating in South Eastern region of Nigeria and therefore, there is an urgent need for an improved vaccine to cover for the emerging strain (CPV-2c) in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Ukwueze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - C. I. Nwosuh
- Research Directorate, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - E. F. Obishakin
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - B. M. Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - R. C. Ezeokonkwo
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - O. A. Owoludun
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - N. C. Chima
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - P. D. Luka
- Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
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24
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Ogbu KI, Mira F, Purpari G, Nwosuh C, Loria GR, Schirò G, Chiaramonte G, Tion MT, Di Bella S, Ventriglia G, Decaro N, Anene BM, Guercio A. Nearly full-length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:635-647. [PMID: 31580520 PMCID: PMC7168533 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) emerged suddenly in the late 1970s as pathogen of dogs, causing a severe and often fatal gastroenteric disease. The original CPV‐2 was replaced by three antigenic variants, CPV‐2a, CPV‐2b and CPV‐2c, which to date have gained a worldwide distribution with different relative proportions. All previous studies conducted in Africa were based on partial VP2 gene sequences. The aim of this study was to provide a genome analysis to characterize the CPV strains collected in Nigeria, Africa. Rectal swab samples (n = 320) were collected in 2018 and tested by means of an immunochromatographic assay. Among the 144 positive samples, 59 were selected for further analyses using different molecular assays. The results revealed a high prevalence of CPV‐2c (91.5%) compared to the CPV‐2a variant (8.5%). The VP2 gene sequences showed a divergence from the strains analysed in 2010 in Nigeria and a closer connection with CPV strains of Asian origin. The non‐structural gene analysis evidenced amino acid changes never previously reported. The molecular analysis based on genomic sequences evidenced a geographical pattern of distribution of the analysed strains, suggesting a potential common evolutionary origin with CPV of Asian origin. This study represents the first CPV molecular characterization including all the encoding gene sequences conducted in the African continent and contributes to define the current geographical spread of the CPV variants worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ikejiofor Ogbu
- Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Chika Nwosuh
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Metthew Terzungwe Tion
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Boniface Maduka Anene
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
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25
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Distribution of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 in free-living leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis) and its association with domestic carnivores in Taiwan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221990. [PMID: 31479483 PMCID: PMC6719846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is widespread among free-living carnivores, and CPPV-1 infection may directly or indirectly impact on the population of endangered carnivore species. In this study, we used molecular screening of viral capsid protein 2 (VP2) from 2015 to 2017, to assess the prevalence of CPPV-1 infection in 9 live-trapped (LT) and 17 vehicle collision (VC)-affected free-living leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis). In addition, we conducted the phylogenetic analysis to evaluate the possible transmission of CPPV-1 between domestic carnivores and leopard cats. We identified the circulation of feline parvovirus and variants of canine parvovirus (CPV), including CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c, in the free-living leopard cat population. The partial sequences of different variants of VP2 obtained from the leopard cats were identical with those obtained from the domestic dogs and cats in Taiwan. Our result suggested that CPPV-1 was currently transmitted between domestic carnivores and leopard cats in Taiwan. A plan of conservation measures based on vaccination program for domestic carnivores, strict controls on populations of free-living dogs and cats and limiting road development only to low-risk areas for leopard cats should be encouraged.
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26
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Polat PF, Şahan A, Aksoy G, Timurkan MO, Dinçer E. Molecular and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) in dogs in southeast Anatolia, Turkey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 86:e1-e8. [PMID: 31478735 PMCID: PMC6739549 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is the aetiological agent of an infectious viral disease of dogs, characterised by diarrhoea and vomiting. Mutations of the CPV-2 genome have generated new variants circulating worldwide. This article reports the molecular analysis of CPV-2 variants collected in the dog population in southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Twenty blood samples previously taken for the laboratory diagnosis of dogs with suspected parvovirus were screened for CPV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 20 samples, 18 tested positive for CPV-2. Partial VP2 gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed CPV-2a (n = 1), CPV-2b (n = 16) and CPV-2c (n = 1) variants. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial length VP2 gene showed that CPV-2b (n = 15) variants showed sequences clustering separately in the phylogenetic tree. The CPV-2c sample was phylogenetically related to Chinese strains and Indonesia strain, whereas the CPV-2a sample was phylogenetically related to the Portuguese strain. These results, which are the first to demonstrate the presence of CPV-2c in the dog population of southeast Anatolia, Turkey, indicate that CPV-2a/2b/2c variants co-exist in Turkey’s dog population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin F Polat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa.
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27
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Mira F, Purpari G, Di Bella S, Colaianni ML, Schirò G, Chiaramonte G, Gucciardi F, Pisano P, Lastra A, Decaro N, Guercio A. Spreading of canine parvovirus type 2c mutants of Asian origin in southern Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2297-2304. [PMID: 31254456 PMCID: PMC7159351 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) emerged as dog pathogen in the late 1970s, causing severe and often fatal epizootics of gastroenteritis in the canine population worldwide. Although to date CPV‐2 is circulating in all continents, most of the current studies have analysed the amino acid changes accounted in the VP2 gene sequence, with limited information on virus introductions from other countries. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic features of CPV‐2c strains currently spreading in Italy. Swabs and tissue samples were collected from dogs suspected of CPV infection. The nearly complete genome sequence from the CPV‐positive samples was obtained. The co‐circulation of two different but related CPV‐2c strains, with amino acid changes characteristic of CPV strains of Asian origin (NS1: 60V, 544F, 545F, 630P – NS2: 60V, 151N, 152V ‐ VP2: 5A/G, 267Y, 297A, 324I, 370R), were observed. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from the NS1 and VP2 gene sequences confirmed the relationship with Asian CPV‐2c strains. This study reports the spread of novel CPV‐2c mutants in Italy and supports further studies to evaluate the coexistence of genetically divergent CPV strains in the same geographical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Schirò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lastra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia 'A.Mirri', Palermo, Italy
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28
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Hoang M, Lin WH, Le VP, Nga BTT, Chiou MT, Lin CN. Molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus type 2 in Vietnam from November 2016 to February 2018. Virol J 2019; 16:52. [PMID: 31029137 PMCID: PMC6486976 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) was first identified in the late 1970s; it causes intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea in kennels and dog shelters worldwide. Since its emergence, CPV-2 has been replaced with new genetic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c). Currently, information about the genotype prevalence of CPV-2 in Vietnam is limited. In the present study, we investigated the genotype prevalence and distribution of CPV-2 in the three regions of Vietnam. METHODS Rectal swabs were collected from 260 dogs with suspected CPV-2 infection from northern, central, and southern Vietnam from November 2016 to February 2018. All samples were identified as parvovirus positive by real-time PCR, and further genotyping was performed using a SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. RESULTS Of the 260 Vietnamese CPV-2 isolates, 6 isolates (2.31%) were identified as CPV-2a, 251 isolates (96.54%) were identified as CPV-2c and 3 isolates (1.15%) were untypable using the SimpleProbe® real-time PCR assay. In northern Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 2.97% (3/101) and 97.3% (98/101), respectively. In central Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 1.11% (1/90) and 98.89% (89/90), respectively. In southern Vietnam, the percentages of CPV-2a and CPV-2c were 3.03% (2/66) and 96.97% (64/66), respectively. CPV-2b was not observed in this study. The VP2 genes of CPV-2c in Vietnam are more genetically similar to those of CPV-2c strains in China and Taiwan than to those of prototype CPV-2c strains (FJ222821) or the first Vietnamese CPV-2c (AB120727). CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that CPV-2c is the most prevalent variant in Vietnam. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the recent Vietnamese CPV-2c isolates share a common evolutionary origin with Asian CPV-2c strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wei-Hao Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi To Nga
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. .,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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29
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Charoenkul K, Tangwangvivat R, Janetanakit T, Boonyapisitsopa S, Bunpapong N, Chaiyawong S, Amonsin A. Emergence of canine parvovirus type 2c in domestic dogs and cats from Thailand. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1518-1528. [PMID: 30887690 PMCID: PMC7168543 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is an important pathogen causing haemorrhagic enteritis in domestic dogs and wildlife worldwide. In early 2000, canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) was first reported and subsequently became a predominant subtype circulating in Europe and the Americas. CPV-2c has also been reported in Asia, including cases in China, India, Taiwan and Vietnam. However, CPV-2c has never been reported in Thailand. In this study, we conducted viral enteric disease surveillance in dogs and cats in Thailand during 2016-2018. During 20 months of surveillance, 507 rectal swab samples were collected from dogs (n = 444) and cats (n = 63) with and without clinical signs. The samples were examined for parvovirus by using VP2 gene-specific PCR for parvovirus. Our results showed that the positivity of canine parvovirus (CPV) was 29.95% and that of feline parvovirus (FPV) was 58.73%. In this study, we characterized 34 parvoviruses by VP2 gene sequencing. Moreover, two Thai-CPV-2 (Dog/CU-24 and Cat/CU-21) were characterized by whole genome sequencing. The phylogenetic results showed that Thai-CPV-2 had the highest nucleotide identities and clustered with Asian-CPV-2c but were in separate subclusters from the North American and European CPV-2c. Similarly, whole genome analyses showed that Thai-CPVs are closely related to Asian-CPV-2c, with unique amino acids at positions 297A, 324I, 370R and 426E. In summary, our results demonstrated the emergence of Asian-CPV-2c in dogs and cats in Thailand. Thus, the surveillance of CPV-2 in domestic dogs and cats should be further conducted on a larger scale to determine the dynamics of predominant variants and their distributions in the country and in the Southeast Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonpan Charoenkul
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taveesak Janetanakit
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanat Boonyapisitsopa
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napawan Bunpapong
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supassama Chaiyawong
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Zhuang QY, Qiu Y, Pan ZH, Wang SC, Wang B, Wu WK, Yu JM, Yi Y, Sun FL, Wang KC. Genome sequence characterization of canine parvoviruses prevalent in the Sichuan province of China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:897-907. [PMID: 30536738 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) infection is responsible for large numbers of animal deaths worldwide and is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in young puppies. Twenty-four rectal swabs were collected from dogs with clinical signs of vomiting and haemorrhagic diarrhoea and were initially verified to be infected with CPV-2 using colloidal gold test strips. From the 24 CPV-positive samples, complete genome of 5050-5054 nucleotides was sequenced with a next-generation sequencing platform. Characteristics of the Open Reading Frames from different CPV-2 strains detected in this study were analyzed. Several VP2 point mutations were discovered, and demonstrated the co-circulation of new CPV-2a, new CPV-2b and CPV-2c in Sichuan province of China. The analysis results of the Chinese CPV-2 retrieved from the NCBI nucleotide, showed that new CPV-2a has become the predominant variant in some provinces of China. Phylogenetic analysis of global VP2 and NS1 nucleotide sequences revealed certain correlations among geographical regions, types and circulating time, which lays the foundation for further research concerning the epidemiology, genetic variation, vaccination and molecular evolutionary relationships of the CPV-2 identified at different times and from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Hao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Chun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chengdu Hongcheng Animal Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Wan-Kun Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Min Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yi
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fu-Liang Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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31
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Kapiya J, Nalubamba KS, Kaimoyo E, Changula K, Chidumayo N, Saasa N, Simuunza MC, Takada A, Mweene AS, Chitanga S, Simulundu E. First genetic detection and characterization of canine parvovirus from diarrheic dogs in Zambia. Arch Virol 2018; 164:303-307. [PMID: 30311077 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although canine parvovirus (CPV) causes severe gastroenteritis in dogs globally, information on the molecular epidemiology of the virus is lacking in many African countries. Here, 32 fecal samples collected from diarrheic dogs in Zambia were tested for CPV infection using molecular assays. CPV was detected in 23 samples (71.9%). Genetic characterization revealed the predominance of CPV-2c (91.3%). This finding differs from previous reports in Africa, which indicated that CPV-2a and CPV-2b were most prevalent. Phylogenetically, most Zambian CPVs formed a distinct cluster. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of CPV in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kapiya
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - King S Nalubamba
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Evans Kaimoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nozyechi Chidumayo
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ngonda Saasa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin C Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Simbarashe Chitanga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia.
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32
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Hoang M, Wu HY, Lien YX, Chiou MT, Lin CN. A SimpleProbe ® real-time PCR assay for differentiating the canine parvovirus type 2 genotype. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22654. [PMID: 30168193 PMCID: PMC6430354 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) causes an important canine viral disease worldwide. CPV‐2 belongs to the Protoparvovirus genus in the family Parvoviridae. An amino acid change at position 426 of the VP2 protein differentiate types of CPV‐2, designated as CPV‐2a (Asn), CPV‐2b (Asp), and CPV‐2c (Glu). In this study, we compared CPV‐2 genotyping results obtained by SimpleProbe® real‐time PCR and DNA sequencing analysis to identify the accuracy and sensitivity of these methods. Methods One hundred rectal swabs were collected from CPV‐2 naturally infected dogs from 2015 to 2017 at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. CPV‐2 genotyping was performed by SimpleProbe® real‐time PCR and DNA sequencing to compare results. Results CPV‐2a (n = 23), 2b (n = 6) and 2c (n = 71) genotyping results obtained by both techniques were identical with specificity of 100% for SimpleProbe® assay. In the SimpleProbe® assay, amplifying the DNAs prepared from the clinical specimens showed three distinct melting curve peaks. CPV‐2b had the highest melting peak of 57.8°C (CI 95%: 57.7‐58.5°C) followed by CPV‐2c with a slightly lower melting peak of 52.3°C (CI 95%: 52.2‐53.2°C) and CPV‐2a with the lowest peak of 50.2°C (CI 95%: 50.1‐50.5°C). Conclusion This study developed a novel method for genotyping CPV‐2 strains using the SimpleProbe® real‐time PCR assay. This assay is a reliable and sensitive tool for differentiating between the CPV‐2a, 2b and 2c and this technique can be used for molecular CPV‐2 epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Xiu Lien
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Fagbohun OA, Omobowale TO. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus-2 isolates in dogs revealed circulation of three subtypes in Nigeria. Virusdisease 2018; 29:411-415. [PMID: 30159381 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in puppies in Nigeria and worldwide. After its emergence in 1978, the wild-type CPV-2 was rapidly replaced by three antigenic subtypes CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. Subtype CPV-2a has been reported in Nigeria based on limited number of samples. As such, this study was carried out with 56 faecal samples and four CPV-2 vaccines using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing to have a better idea of CPV-2 subtypes circulating in dogs in Nigeria. 54 (96.4%) out of the 56 samples were positive for CPV-2 subtypes. CPV-2a is the predominant subtype followed by CPV-2b and CPV-2c. Also, co-existence of subtypes CPV-2a and CPV-2b; and CPV-2a and CPV-2c were found in some dogs. Sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of three mutations D413 N, N426D/E, and T440A. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the three subtypes of CPV-2 in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Fagbohun
- 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - T O Omobowale
- 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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la Torre DD, Mafla E, Puga B, Erazo L, Astolfi-Ferreira C, Ferreira AP. Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) based on the VP2 gene in affected domestic dogs in Ecuador. Vet World 2018; 11:480-487. [PMID: 29805214 PMCID: PMC5960788 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.480-487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective of this study was to determine the presence of the variants of canine parvovirus (CPV)-2 in the city of Quito, Ecuador, due to the high domestic and street-type canine population, and to identify possible mutations at a genetic level that could be causing structural changes in the virus with a consequent influence on the immune response of the hosts. Materials and Methods Thirty-five stool samples from different puppies with characteristic signs of the disease and positives for CPV through immunochromatography kits were collected from different veterinarian clinics of the city. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to determine the mutations in residue 426 of the VP2 gene, which determines the variants of CPV-2; in addition, four samples were chosen for complete sequencing of the VP2 gene to identify all possible mutations in the circulating strains in this region of the country. Results The results revealed the presence of the three variants of CPV-2 with a prevalence of 57.1% (20/35) for CPV-2a, 8.5% (3/35) for CPV-2b, and 34.3% (12/35) for CPV-2c. In addition, complete sequencing of the VP2 gene showed amino acid substitutions in residues 87, 101, 139, 219, 297, 300, 305, 322, 324, 375, 386, 426, 440, and 514 of the three Ecuadorian variants when compared with the original CPV-2 sequence. Conclusion This study describes the detection of CPV variants in the city of Quito, Ecuador. Variants of CPV-2 (2a, 2b, and 2c) have been reported in South America, and there are cases in Ecuador where CVP-2 is affecting even vaccinated puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Central University of Ecuador, EC170521, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eulalia Mafla
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Byron Puga
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Central University of Ecuador, EC170521, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Linda Erazo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Central University of Ecuador, EC170521, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Claudete Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
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Phylodynamic and Genetic Diversity of Canine Parvovirus Type 2c in Taiwan. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122703. [PMID: 29236084 PMCID: PMC5751304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) emerged in 2000 and is known for causing a more severe disease than other CPV-2 variants in puppies. In 2015, the emerging CPV-2c variant was isolated in Taiwan and it subsequently became the predominant variant. To trace the evolution of Taiwanese CPV-2c, we compared complete VP2 genes of CPV-2c from Taiwan and sequences obtained from GenBank. The evolutionary rate of CPV-2c was estimated to be 4.586 × 10−4 substitutions per site per year (95% highest posterior density (HPD) was 3.284–6.076 × 10−4). The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) dated to 1990 (95% HPD: 1984–1996) and 2011 (95% HPD: 2010–2013) for the CPV-2c variant and Taiwanese isolates, respectively. The CPV-2c variant isolated from Taiwan was clustered with CPV-2c from China. This phylogenetic clade began to branch off in approximately 2010 (95% HPD was 3.823–6.497). Notably, two unique mutations of Taiwanese CPV-2c were found, Q383R and P410L. In summary, this is the first report on the genome evolution of CPV-2c in Taiwan, revealing that this CPV-2c variant shares a common evolutionary origin with strains from China. The demographic history inferred by the Bayesian skyline plot showed that the effective population of CPV-2c increased until 2006 and then slowly declined until 2011.
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Mira F, Purpari G, Lorusso E, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Desario C, Macaluso G, Decaro N, Guercio A. Introduction of Asian canine parvovirus in Europe through dog importation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:16-21. [PMID: 29134762 PMCID: PMC7169687 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important infectious agent of domestic and wild carnivores, responsible for severe and often fatal haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and leukopenia. This paper reports the genomic characterization of a CPV strain collected from a dog recently imported to Italy from Thailand. The virus was detected in all tissue samples collected. The whole genome encompassing the two open reading frames encoding for non‐structural (NS1/NS2) and structural (VP1/VP2) proteins was amplified and sequenced. On the basis of genetic analysis of the VP2 gene, the isolate was characterized as CPV‐2c, but it presented genetic signatures typical of Asian strains. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of amino acid changes never observed in European CPV‐2c strains (NS1: Ile60Val, Tyr544Phe, Glu545Val, Leu630Pro; VP2: Ala5Gly, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg). By phylogenetic analysis of full‐length VP2 gene, the analysed strain clustered together with Asian viruses. Therefore, a possible introduction of the virus from Asia through the imported dog was suggested, thus confirming the important role of movement of dogs in the global spread of viruses. In addition, full‐length genome analysis could help better trace the spread of canine viruses through different continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
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Sun YL, Yen CH, Tu CF. Immunocapture loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for the detection of canine parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2017; 249:94-101. [PMID: 28834737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was used for rapid canine parvovirus (CPV) diagnosis. To reduce the time required and increase the sensitivity of the assay, an immunocapture (IC) technique was developed in this study to exclude the DNA extraction step in molecular diagnostic procedures for CPV. A polyclonal rabbit anti-CPV serum was produced against VP2-EpC that was cloned via DNA recombination. The polyclonal anti-VP2-EpC serum was used for virus capture to prepare microtubes. IC-LAMP was performed to amplify a specific CPV target gene sequence from the CPV viral particles that were captured on the microtubes, and the amplicons were analyzed using agarose electrophoresis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-LAMP-ELISA) and lateral-flow dipstick (IC-LAMP-LFD). The detection sensitivities of IC-LAMP, IC-LAMP-ELISA, and IC-LAMP-LFD were 10-1, 10-1, and 10-1 TCID50/mL, respectively. Using the IC-LAMP-ELISA and IC-LAMP-LFD assays, the complete CPV diagnostic process can be achieved within 1.5h. Both of the developed IC-LAMP-based assays are simple, direct visual and efficient techniques that are applicable to the detection of CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Aquatic Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, No. 1, Ln. 51, Dahu Rd., Xiangshan Dist, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chon-Ho Yen
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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