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Al Farroukh M, Kiseleva I, Stepanova E, Bazhenova E, Krutikova E, Tkachev A, Chistyakova A, Rekstin A, Puchkova L, Rudenko L. The Effect of Mice Adaptation Process on the Pathogenicity of Influenza A/South Africa/3626/2013 (H1N1)pdm09 Model Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17386. [PMID: 38139214 PMCID: PMC10743444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus strain A/South Africa/3626/2013 (H1N1)pdm09 (SA-WT) is a non-mouse-adapted model strain that has naturally high pathogenic properties in mice. It has been suggested that the high pathogenicity of this strain for mice could be due to the three strain-specific substitutions in the polymerase complex (Q687R in PB1, N102T in PB2, and E358E/K heterogeneity in PB2). To evaluate the role of these replacements, SA-WT was passaged five times in mouse lungs, and the genome of the mouse-adapted version of the SA-WT strain (SA-M5) was sequenced. SA-M5 lost E358E/K heterogeneity and retained E358, which is the prevalent amino acid at this position among H1N1pdm09 strains. In addition, in the hemagglutinin of SA-M5, two heterogeneous substitutions (G155G/E and S190S/R) were identified. Both viruses, SA-M5 and SA-WT, were compared for their toxicity, ability to replicate, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity in mice. In mice infected with SA-M5 or SA-WT strains, toxicity, virus titer in pulmonary homogenates, and mouse survival did not differ significantly. In contrast, an increase in the immunogenicity of SA-M5 compared to SA-WT was observed. This increase could be due to the substitutions G155G/E and S190S/R in the HA of SA-M5. The prospects for using SA-M5 in studying the immunogenicity mechanisms were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Farroukh
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia;
| | - Irina Kiseleva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Bazhenova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Elena Krutikova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Artem Tkachev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia;
| | - Anna Chistyakova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Andrey Rekstin
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Ludmila Puchkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (E.S.); (E.B.); (E.K.); (A.C.); (A.R.); (L.P.); (L.R.)
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Mortazavi M, Pirbonyeh N, Javanmardi F, Emami A. Bioinformatics and Structural Analysis of Antigenic Variation in the Hemagglutinin Gene of the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Circulating in Shiraz (2013 to 2015). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0463022. [PMID: 37436149 PMCID: PMC10433955 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04630-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating influenza A virus provided an excellent opportunity to study the adaptation of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus to the human host. Particularly, due to the availability of sequences taken from isolates, we could monitor amino acid changes and the stability of mutations that occurred in hemagglutinin (HA). HA is crucial to viral infection because it binds to ciliated cell receptors and mediates the fusion of cells and viral membranes; because antibodies that bind to HA may block virus entry to the cell, this protein is subjected to high selective pressure. In this study, the locations of mutations in the structures of mutant HA were analyzed and the three-dimensional (3D) structures of these mutations were modeled in I-TASSER. Also, the location of these mutations was visualized and studied using Swiss PDB Viewer software and the PyMOL Molecular Graphics System. The crystal structure of the HA from A/California/07/2009 (3LZG) was used for further analysis. The new noncovalent bond formations in mutant luciferases were analyzed via WHAT IF and PIC, and protein stability was evaluated in the iStable server. We identified 33 and 23 mutations in A/Shiraz/106/2015 and A/California/07/2009 isolates, respectively; some mutations are located on the antigenic sites of Sa, Sb, Ca1, Ca2, and Cb HA1 and the fusion peptide of HA2. The results show that with the mutation some interactions are lost and new interactions are formed with other amino acids. The results of the free-energy analysis suggested that these new interactions have a destabilizing effect, which needs confirmation experimentally. IMPORTANCE Due to the fact that the mutations that occurred in the influenza virus HA cause the instability of the protein produced by the virus and antigenic changes and the escape of the virus from the immune system, the mutations that occurred in A/Shiraz/1/2013 were investigated in terms of energy level and stability. The mutations located in a globular portion of the HA are S188T, Q191H, S270P, K285Q, and P299L. On the other hand, the E374K, E46K-B, S124N-B, and I321V mutations are located in the stem portion of the HA (HA2). The change V252L mutation eliminates interactions with Ala181, Phe147, Leu151, and Trp153 and forms new interactions with Gly195, Asn264, Phe161, Met244, Tyr246, Leu165, and Trp167 which can change the stability of the HA structure. The K166Q mutation, which is located within the antigenic site Sa, causes the virus to escape from the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mortazavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Pirbonyeh
- Microbiology Department, Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Javanmardi
- Biostatistics Department, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Emami
- Microbiology Department, Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Xu S, Wang D, Zhao W, Wei Q, Tong Y. Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection. Metabolites 2023; 13. [PMID: 36837803 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has continuously spread around the globe for more than 100 years since the first influenza epidemic in 1918. The rapid and unpredictable gene variation of the influenza virus could possibly bring about another pandemic in future, which might threaten to overwhelm us without adequate preparation. Consequently, it is extremely urgent to identify effective broad-spectrum antiviral treatments for a variety of influenza virus variants. As essential body components, trace elements are great potential candidates with an as yet poorly understood ability to protect the host from influenza infection. Herein, we have summarized the present state of knowledge concerning the function of trace elements in influenza virus replication along with an analysis of their potential molecular mechanisms. Modulation of host immune responses to the influenza virus is one of the most common modes to achieve the anti-influenza activity of trace elements, such as selenium and zinc. Simultaneously, some antioxidant and antiviral signal pathways can be altered with the participation of trace elements. More interestingly, some micro-elements including selenium, zinc, copper and manganese, directly target viral proteins and regulate their stability and activity to influence the life cycle of the influenza virus. Further verification of the antiviral effect and the mechanism will promote the application of trace elements as adjuvants in the clinic.
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Kwon EB, Li W, Kim YS, Kim B, Chung HS, Go Y, Ko HJ, Song JH, Kim YH, Choi CW, Choi JG. Vitisin B inhibits influenza A virus replication by multi-targeting neuraminidase and virus-induced oxidative stress. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:174-191. [PMID: 36815046 PMCID: PMC9939323 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug-resistant influenza and new pathogenic virus strains underscores the need for antiviral therapeutics. Currently, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are commonly used antiviral drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Here, we show that vitisin B (VB) inhibits NA activity and suppresses H1N1 viral replication in MDCK and A549 cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which frequently occur during viral infection, increase virus replication by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, downmodulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression, and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response activity. VB decreased virus-induced ROS generation by increasing G6PD expression and Nrf2 activity, and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus through IKK dephosphorylation. In addition, VB reduced body weight loss, increased survival, decreased viral replication and the inflammatory response in the lungs of influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice. Taken together, our results indicate that VB is a promising therapeutic candidate against IAV infection, complements existing drug limitations targeting viral NA. It modulated the intracellular ROS by G6PD, Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-targeting drug strategy, providing new approaches for drug discovery against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Buyun Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Product Research Team, Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gyeonggi-Do 16229, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors. Tel./Fax.: +82 42 8215933/+82 42 8236566, +82 31 8886131/+82 31 8886139, +82 53 9403866/+82 53 9403899
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Matsubara T, Ogami A, Kori H, Hashizume M, Sato T. Detection of Influenza Virus by Agglutination of Microparticles Immobilized a Mixed Glycan Receptor Produced from Cells. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:2130-2134. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ogami
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Haruka Kori
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Mineo Hashizume
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 12-1 Ichigayafunagawara-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0826, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Bull MB, Gu H, Ma FNL, Perera LP, Poon LLM, Valkenburg SA. Next-generation T cell-activating vaccination increases influenza virus mutation prevalence. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl5209. [PMID: 35385318 PMCID: PMC8986104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine the potential for viral adaptation to T cell responses, we probed the full influenza virus genome by next-generation sequencing directly ex vivo from infected mice, in the context of an experimental T cell-based vaccine, an H5N1-based viral vectored vaccinia vaccine Wyeth/IL-15/5Flu, versus the current standard-of-care, seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and unvaccinated conditions. Wyeth/IL-15/5Flu vaccination was coincident with increased mutation incidence and frequency across the influenza genome; however, mutations were not enriched within T cell epitope regions, but high allele frequency mutations within conserved hemagglutinin stem regions and PB2 mammalian adaptive mutations arose. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets led to reduced frequency of mutants in vaccinated mice; therefore, vaccine-mediated T cell responses were important drivers of virus diversification. Our findings suggest that Wyeth/IL-15/5Flu does not generate T cell escape mutants but increases stochastic events for virus adaptation by stringent bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maireid B. Bull
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haogao Gu
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fionn N. L. Ma
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liyanage P. Perera
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1374, USA
| | - Leo L. M. Poon
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Paudyal B, McNee A, Rijal P, Carr BV, Nunez A, McCauley J, Daniels RS, Townsend AR, Hammond JA, Tchilian E. Low Dose Pig Anti-Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies Reduce Lung Pathology but Do Not Prevent Virus Shedding. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790918. [PMID: 34975888 PMCID: PMC8716435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study we demonstrated that prophylactic intravenous administration of 15 mg/kg of porcine mAb pb18, against the K160-163 site of the hemagglutinin, significantly reduced lung pathology and nasal virus shedding and eliminated virus from the lung of pigs following H1N1pdm09 challenge. When given at 1 mg/kg, pb18 significantly reduced lung pathology and lung and BAL virus loads, but not nasal shedding. Similarly, when pb18 was given in combination with pb27, which recognized the K130 site, at 1 mg/kg each, lung virus load and pathology were reduced, although without an apparent additive or synergistic effect. No evidence for mAb driven virus evolution was detected. These data indicate that intravenous administration of high doses was required to reduce nasal virus shedding, although this was inconsistent and seldom complete. In contrast, the effect on lung pathology and lung virus load is consistent and is also seen at a one log lower dose, strongly indicating that a lower dose might be sufficient to reduce severity of disease, but for prevention of transmission other measures would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudev Paudyal
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Adam McNee
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research and Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B Veronica Carr
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney S Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain R Townsend
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research and Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hammond
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Tchilian
- Host Responses, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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Wang F, Wan Z, Wang Y, Wu J, Fu H, Gao W, Shao H, Qian K, Ye J, Qin A. Identification of Hemagglutinin Mutations Caused by Neuraminidase Antibody Pressure. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0143921. [PMID: 34937172 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01439-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance in the functions of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) plays an important role in influenza virus genesis. However, whether and how N2 neuraminidase-specific antibodies may affect the attributes of HA remains to be investigated. In this study, we examined the presence of amino acid mutations in the HA of mutants selected by incubation with N2-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and compared the HA properties to those of the wild-type (WT) A/Chicken/Jiangsu/XXM/1999 (XXM) H9N2 virus. The higher NA inhibition (NI) ability of N2-specific MAbs was found to result in greater proportions of mutations in the HA head. The HA mutations affected the thermal stability, switched the binding preferences from α2,6-linked sialic acid receptor to α2,3-linked sialic acid receptor, and promoted viral growth in mouse lungs. These mutations also caused significant HA antigenic drift as they decreased hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. The evolutionary analysis also proved that some HA mutations were highly correlated with NA antibody pressure. Our data demonstrate that HA mutations caused by NA-specific antibodies affect HA properties and may contribute to HA evolution. IMPORTANCE HA binds with the sialic acid receptor on the host cell and initiates the infection mode of influenza virus. NA cleaves the connection between receptor and HA of newborn virus at the end of viral production. The HA-NA functional balance is crucial for viral production and interspecies transmission. Here, we identified mutations in the HA head of H9N2 virus caused by NA antibody pressure. These HA mutations changed the thermal stability and switched the receptor-binding preference of the mutant virus. The HI results indicated that these mutations resulted in significant antigenic drift in mutant HA. The evolutionary analysis also shows that some mutations in HA of H9N2 virus may be caused by NA antibody pressure and may correlate with the increase in H9N2 infections in humans. Our results provide new evidence for HA-NA balance and an effect of NA antibody pressure on HA evolution.
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Zolotarova O, Fesenko A, Holubka O, Radchenko L, Bortz E, Budzanivska I, Mironenko A. Genotypic Variants of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Ukraine during the 2015/16 Influenza Season. Viruses 2021; 13:2125. [PMID: 34834932 PMCID: PMC8619959 DOI: 10.3390/v13112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human type A influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09 have caused seasonal epidemics of influenza since the 2009-2010 pandemic. A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses had a leading role in the severe epidemic season of 2015/16 in the Northern Hemisphere and caused a high incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Ukraine. Serious complications of influenza-associated severe ARI (SARI) were observed in the very young and individuals at increased risk, and 391 fatal cases occurred in the 2015/16 epidemic season. We analyzed the genetic changes in the genomes of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses isolated from SARI cases in Ukraine during the 2015/16 season. The viral hemagglutinin (HA) fell in H1 group 6B.1 for all but four isolates, with known mutations affecting glycosylation, the Sa antigenic site (S162N in all 6B.1 isolates), or virulence (D222G/N in two isolates). Other mutations occurred in antigenic site Ca (A141P and S236P), and a subgroup of four strains were in group 6B.2, with potential alterations to antigenicity in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in 2015/16 in Ukraine. A cluster of Ukrainian isolates exhibited novel D2E and N48S mutations in the RNA binding domain, and E125D in the effector domain, of immune evasion nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). The diverse spectrum of amino-acid substitutions in HA, NS1, and other viral proteins including nucleoprotein (NP) and the polymerase complex suggested the concurrent circulation of multiple lineages of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses in the human population in Ukraine, a country with low vaccination coverage, complicating public health measures against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Zolotarova
- Educational Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Anna Fesenko
- Gromashevsky L.V. Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.H.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Olga Holubka
- Gromashevsky L.V. Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.H.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Larysa Radchenko
- Gromashevsky L.V. Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.H.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Eric Bortz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;
| | - Iryna Budzanivska
- Educational Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Alla Mironenko
- Gromashevsky L.V. Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.F.); (O.H.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
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10
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Bull MB, Cohen CA, Leung NH, Valkenburg SA. Universally Immune: How Infection Permissive Next Generation Influenza Vaccines May Affect Population Immunity and Viral Spread. Viruses 2021; 13:1779. [PMID: 34578360 PMCID: PMC8472936 DOI: 10.3390/v13091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation influenza vaccines that target conserved epitopes are becoming a clinical reality but still have challenges to overcome. Universal next generation vaccines are considered a vital tool to combat future pandemic viruses and have the potential to vastly improve long-term protection against seasonal influenza viruses. Key vaccine strategies include HA-stem and T cell activating vaccines; however, they could have unintended effects for virus adaptation as they recognise the virus after cell entry and do not directly block infection. This may lead to immune pressure on residual viruses. The potential for immune escape is already evident, for both the HA stem and T cell epitopes, and mosaic approaches for pre-emptive immune priming may be needed to circumvent key variants. Live attenuated influenza vaccines have not been immunogenic enough to boost T cells in adults with established prior immunity. Therefore, viral vectors or peptide approaches are key to harnessing T cell responses. A plethora of viral vector vaccines and routes of administration may be needed for next generation vaccine strategies that require repeated long-term administration to overcome vector immunity and increase our arsenal against diverse influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maireid B. Bull
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Carolyn A. Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Nancy H.L. Leung
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (M.B.B.); (C.A.C.)
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11
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zou P, Wang M, Fu W, She J, Song Z, Xu J, Huang J, Wu F. Self-Assembly M2e-Based Peptide Nanovaccine Confers Broad Protection Against Influenza Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1961. [PMID: 32922379 PMCID: PMC7457018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular domain of influenza M2 protein (M2e) is highly conserved and is a promising target for development of universal influenza vaccines. Here, we synthesized a peptide vaccine consisting of M2e epitope linked to a fibrillizing peptide, which could self-assemble into nanoparticle in physiological salt solutions. When administrated into mice without additional adjuvant, the influenza A M2e epitope-bearing nanoparticles induced antibodies against M2e of different influenza subtypes. Comparing with other M2e-based vaccine, these M2e nanoparticles did not induce immune response against the fibrillizing peptide, demonstrating minimal immunogenicity of vaccine carrier. Furthermore, vaccination with M2e-based nanoparticles did not only protect mice against homologous challenge of influenza PR8 H1N1 virus, but also provide protection against heterologous challenge of highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus. These results indicated that M2e-based self-assembled nanoparticle vaccine is safe and can elicit cross-protection, therefore is a promising candidate of universal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihui Fu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialei She
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Tang J, Zhang SX, Zhang J, Li XY, Zhou JF, Zou SM, Bo H, Xin L, Yang L, Liu J, Huang WJ, Dong J, Wang DY. Profile and generation of reduced neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility in highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 virus from human cases in Mainland of China, 2016-2019. Virology 2020; 549:77-84. [PMID: 32853849 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus were detected in late 2016. We examined the drug resistance profile of 30 HPAI H7N9 isolates from Mainland of China (2016-2019). Altogether, 23% (7/30) carried neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) - resistance mutations, and 13% (4/30) displayed reduced susceptibility to NAIs in neuraminidase (NA) inhibition test. An HPAI H7N9 reassortment virus we prepared was passaged with NAIs for 10 passages. Passage with zanamivir induced an E119G substitution in NA, whereas passage with oseltamivir induced R292K and E119V substitutions that simulated that seen in oseltamivir -treated HPAI H7N9 cases, indicating that the high frequency of resistant strains in the HPAI H7N9 isolates is related to NAIs use. In presence of NAIs, R238I, A146E, G151E and G234T substitutions were found in HA1 region of HA. No amino acid mutations were found in the internal genes of the recombinant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Xia Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Yan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Fang Zhou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Mei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Juan Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Yan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China.
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13
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Bialy D, Shelton H. Functional neuraminidase inhibitor resistance motifs in avian influenza A(H5Nx) viruses. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104886. [PMID: 32750468 PMCID: PMC7534037 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are antiviral agents recommended worldwide to treat or prevent influenza virus infections in humans. Past influenza virus pandemics seeded by zoonotic infection by avian influenza viruses (AIV) as well as the increasing number of human infections with AIV have shown the importance of having information about resistance to NAIs by avian NAs that could cross the species barrier. In this study we introduced four NAI resistance-associated mutations (N2 numbering) previously found in human infections into the NA of three current AIV subtypes of the H5Nx genotype that threaten the poultry industry and human health: highly pathogenic H5N8, H5N6 and H5N2. Using the established MUNANA assay we showed that a R292K substitution in H5N6 and H5N2 viruses significantly reduced susceptibility to three licenced NAIs: oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir. In contrast the mutations E119V, H274Y and N294S had more variable effects with NAI susceptibility being drug- and strain-specific. We measured the replicative fitness of NAI resistant H5N6 viruses and found that they replicated to comparable or significantly higher titres in primary chicken cells and in embryonated hens' eggs as compared to wild type - despite the NA activity of the viral neuraminidase proteins being reduced. The R292K and N294S drug resistant H5N6 viruses had single amino acid substitutions in their haemagglutinin (HA): Y98F and A189T, respectively (H3 numbering) which reduced receptor binding properties possibly balancing the reduced NA activity seen. Our results demonstrate that the H5Nx viruses can support drug resistance mutations that confer reduced susceptibility to licenced NAIs and that these H5N6 viruses did not show diminished replicative fitness in avian cell cultures. Our results support the requirement for on-going surveillance of these strains in bird populations to include motifs associated with human drug resistance.
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14
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Adams SE, Lugovtsev VY, Kan A, Bovin NV, Donnelly RP, Ilyushina NA. Laninamivir-Interferon Lambda 1 Combination Treatment Promotes Resistance by Influenza A Virus More Rapidly than Laninamivir Alone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00301-20. [PMID: 32393488 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00301-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, 5% to 20% of the population of the United States becomes infected with influenza A virus. Combination therapy with two or more antiviral agents has been considered a potential treatment option for influenza virus infection. However, the clinical results derived from combination treatment with two or more antiviral drugs have been variable. We examined the effectiveness of cotreatment with two distinct classes of anti-influenza drugs, i.e., neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, laninamivir, and interferon lambda 1 (IFN-λ1), against the emergence of drug-resistant virus variants in vitro We serially passaged pandemic A/California/04/09 [A(H1N1)pdm09] influenza virus in a human lung epithelial cell line (Calu-3) in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of laninamivir or laninamivir plus IFN-λ1. Surprisingly, laninamivir used in combination with IFN-λ1 promoted the emergence of the E119G NA mutation five passages earlier than laninamivir alone (passage 2 versus passage 7, respectively). Acquisition of this mutation resulted in significantly reduced sensitivity to the NA inhibitors laninamivir (∼284-fold) and zanamivir (∼1,024-fold) and decreased NA enzyme catalytic activity (∼5-fold) compared to the parental virus. Moreover, the E119G NA mutation emerged together with concomitant hemagglutinin (HA) mutations (T197A and D222G), which were selected more rapidly by combination treatment with laninamivir plus IFN-λ1 (passages 2 and 3, respectively) than by laninamivir alone (passage 10). Our results show that treatment with laninamivir alone or in combination with IFN-λ1 can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus variants. The addition of IFN-λ1 in combination with laninamivir may promote acquisition of drug resistance more rapidly than treatment with laninamivir alone.
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15
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Jiang C, Yao X, Zhao Y, Wu J, Huang P, Pan C, Liu S, Pan C. Comparative review of respiratory diseases caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses during epidemic season. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:236-244. [PMID: 32405236 PMCID: PMC7217786 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to sweep the world, causing infection of millions and death of hundreds of thousands. The respiratory disease that it caused, COVID-19 (stands for coronavirus disease in 2019), has similar clinical symptoms with other two CoV diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (SARS and MERS), of which causative viruses are SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively. These three CoVs resulting diseases also share many clinical symptoms with other respiratory diseases caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs). Since both CoVs and IAVs are general pathogens responsible for seasonal cold, in the next few months, during the changing of seasons, clinicians and public heath may have to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other kinds of viral pneumonia. This is a discussion and comparison of the virus structures, transmission characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, pathological changes, treatment and prevention of the two kinds of viruses, CoVs and IAVs. It hopes to provide information for practitioners in the medical field during the epidemic season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Technology Innovation Center, Haid Research Institute, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, China; School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Xingang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Technology Innovation Center, Haid Research Institute, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Technology Innovation Center, Haid Research Institute, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Technology Innovation Center, Haid Research Institute, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Chunhua Pan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Shuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chungen Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Technology Innovation Center, Haid Research Institute, Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
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