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Tiwari V, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Sheoran B, Kaur S, Sharma A, Yadav M, Bhatnagar A, Garg M. Effect of dietary anthocyanins on biomarkers of type 2 diabetes and related obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7517-7534. [PMID: 36908207 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2186121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have been reported for the protective effects against type 2 diabetes and related obesity. This meta-analysis examined the benefits of anthocyanins on type 2 diabetes and obesity biomarkers in animals and humans. The study included 21 clinical trials and 27 pre-clinical studies. A systematic search was conducted using the following inclusion criteria: in vivo rodent studies; human randomized clinical trials, both aimed at assessing the fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein; and study duration of at least two weeks. Out of the 201 examined publications, 48 were shortlisted after implementation of the selection criteria. Results of clinical trials demonstrated that consumption of anthocyanin-rich food significantly reduced the FBG (p < 0.0001), HbA1c (p = 0.02), TC (p = 0.010), TG (p = 0.003), LDL (p = 0.05) and increases the HDL (p = 0.03) levels. Similarly, pre-clinical studies demonstrated the amelioration of the HbA1c (p = 0.02), FBG, TC, TG, and LDL (p < 0.00001), with non-significant changes in the HDL (p = 0.11). Sub-group analysis indicated dose-dependent effect. This compilation confirms that consuming anthocyanin-rich foods positively correlates with the reduction in the blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic and obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandita Tiwari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Apoorv Tiwari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Bhawna Sheoran
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR), Delhi, India
| | - Satveer Kaur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mona Yadav
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR), Delhi, India
| | | | - Monika Garg
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Zhang Y, Zhang XY, Shi SR, Ma CN, Lin YP, Song WG, Guo SD. Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1372055. [PMID: 38699583 PMCID: PMC11064802 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1372055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and control the expression of multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects and various side effects in atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products are structural diversity and have a good safety. Recent studies find that natural herbs and compounds exhibit attractive therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis by alleviating hyperlipidemia and inflammation through modulation of PPARs. Importantly, the preparation of natural products generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to that of synthesized chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting to discover novel PPAR modulator and develop alternative strategies for atherosclerosis therapy based on natural herbs and compounds. This article reviews recent findings, mainly from the year of 2020 to present, about the roles of natural herbs and compounds in regulation of PPARs and their therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. This article provides alternative strategies and theoretical basis for atherosclerosis therapy using natural herbs and compounds by targeting PPARs, and offers valuable information for researchers that are interested in developing novel PPAR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shan-Rui Shi
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chao-Nan Ma
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yun-Peng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Qixia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Shandong Province, Yantai, China
| | - Wen-Gang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Zhang Y, Li L, Chai T, Xu H, Du HY, Jiang Y. Mulberry leaf multi-components exert hypoglycemic effects through regulation of the PI-3K/Akt insulin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117307. [PMID: 37939911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phytochemicals have unique advantages in the treatment of diabetes due to their multi-target activity and low toxicity. Mulberry leaves, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, have been used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes for centuries. The main active ingredients in mulberry leaves with regards to the hypoglycemic effect are 1-deoxynojirimycin, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. However, the combined hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of mulberry leaf multi-components remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored the anti-diabetic effects of mulberry leaf multi-components (MMC) and the role of the PI-3K/Akt insulin signalling pathway in improving insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main chemical components of MMC were analyzed using the phenol-sulfuric acid method, aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite method, and HPLC-ultraviolet/fluorescence detection method. The T2DM rat model was created via feeding a high-fat diet and peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. T2DM rats were divided into four groups: model, model plus metformin, model plus low-dose, and model plus high-dose MMC groups (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively), and plus normal group for a total of five groups. MMC was administered by oral gavage for six weeks. Fasting blood glucose and serum lipid profiles were measured using a glucometer and an automatic biochemistry analyzer, respectively. Serum insulin and adipocytokine levels were analyzed by ELISA. Hepatic glucose metabolizing enzyme activity was evaluated by ELISA and the double antibody sandwich method. Expression of PI-3K/Akt signalling pathway proteins was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Extracted 1-deoxynojirimycin, flavonoid, and polysaccharide purity was 70.40%, 52.34%, and 32.60%, respectively. These components were then mixed at a ratio of 1:6:8 to form MMC. MMC significantly reduced serum glucose, insulin, and lipid levels. In diabetic rats, MMC enhanced insulin sensitivity and alleviated inflammatory and oxidative damage by lowing adipocytokine levels and increasing anti-oxidative enzyme activity. Insulin resistance was also mitigated. MMC regulated the activity of key downstream enzymes of hepatic glucose metabolism via activating the expression of PI-3K, Akt, PDX-1, and GLUT4 at the mRNA and protein levels, thereby correcting hepatic glucolipid metabolism disorders and exerting a hypoglycemic effect. CONCLUSION MMC ameliorated hepatic glucolipid metabolism disorders and improved insulin resistance in T2DM rats by activating the PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results highlight the multi-component, multi-target, and combined effects of MMC, and suggest it may be further developed as a hypoglycemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Food Nutrition, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Tao Chai
- Department of Food Nutrition, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Food Nutrition, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Hong-Yan Du
- Department of Food Nutrition, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Food Nutrition, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Wu K, Sun Z, Tang Z, Li X, Zhang B. Anthocyanins' effects on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12102-12125. [PMID: 35822311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is dramatically increasing every year, causing a huge global burden. Moreover, existing anti-diabetic drugs inevitably bring adverse reactions, and the application of islet transplantation is often limited by the damage caused by oxidative stress after transplantation. Thus, new approaches are needed to combat the growing burden of diabetes mellitus. Anthocyanins are of great nutritional interest and have been documented that have beneficial effects on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the health effects of anthocyanins on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that moderate intake of anthocyanins leading to a reduction in risk of diabetes mellitus. Numerous experiments both animal and clinical studies also showed positive effects of anthocyanins on prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. These effects of anthocyanins may be related to mechanisms of improving glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, damage and function of pancreatic islets after transplantation are also improved by anthocyanins. These findings suggest that daily intake of anthocyanins may not only improve nutritional metabolism in healthy individuals to prevent from diabetes, but also as a supplementary treatment of diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Thus, more evidence is needed to better understand the potential health benefits of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kangze Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Mao T, Akshit FNU, Mohan MS. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation in diet on glycemic and related cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1199815. [PMID: 37810926 PMCID: PMC10556752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1199815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis based on RCTs on the effects of anthocyanins on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the effect on T2DM-related cardiovascular disease. Methods RCTs published in English from five electronic databases were evaluated for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, model assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The quality of the studies was rated (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool) and weighted mean differences were calculated (DerSimonian-Laird model with random effects). Leave-one-out sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were conducted. The strength of the evidence was rated according to the GRADE guidelines. Results In all, 13 RCTs were analyzed out of the 239 identified studies, with a duration longer than 4 weeks (703 participants with T2DM). Our findings indicate that a median dose of 320 mg/day anthocyanins, either from fruit extracts or pure supplements, for a median intervention length of 8 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) -0.31, p = 0.00], FBG (WMD -0.63, p = 0.00), 2-h postprandial glucose (WMD -1.60, p = 0.00), TG (WMD -0.45, p = 0.01), and LDL (WMD -0.26 p = 0.02). However, the effects of anthocyanins on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in patients with T2DM were not statistically significant. Anthocyanins from fruit extracts or powder exhibited a higher reduction of HbA1c compared to pure anthocyanin supplements. Conclusion The significant improvements in glycemic parameters and lipid profile, suggest the benefits of anthocyanins, especially from fruit extract or powder, in the management of T2DM, and their ability to delay the onset of lipid disorder-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease associated with T2DM. The mechanism behind this reduction in glycemic markers could be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanins. Further research with well-designed RCTs is required to determine the optimal dosage of anthocyanins for the treatment of T2DM and to comprehend the consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maneesha S. Mohan
- Alfred Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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Neyestani TR, Yari Z, Rasekhi H, Nikooyeh B. How effective are anthocyanins on healthy modification of cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:106. [PMID: 37221605 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this meta-analysis, findings from recent studies on the preventive properties of anthocyanins (ACN) against cardiovascular disease are summarized. METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched and 2512 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria (randomized clinical trial design and sufficient data of outcomes). Studies were excluded based on the following criteria: incomplete data; obscurely reported outcomes, or lack of control groups; and animal studies. RESULTS The results showed that intervention with ACNs resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index ((MD),- 0.21; 95% CI, - 0.38, - 0.04; P < 0.001) and body fat mass (MD: - 0.3%, 95% CI - 0.42 to - 0.18%, p < 0.001). Pooled data comparing ACN with control showed statistically significant effect on fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. However, the reductions were significantly more in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and in those who used ACN as supplement/extract. The subgroup analysis test showed that there was a significant effect of ACN on triglyceride concentrations, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations in all subgroups of participants (with vs. without dyslipidemia at baseline) and intervention type (supplement/extract vs. food). However, we did not observe any significant effect on apo A and apo B concentrations. CONCLUSIONS ACN intake in the forms of natural foods and supplements can induce healthy changes in body fat mass, glycemic and lipidemic status and these effects are more prominent in the subjects with above-normal values. This meta-analysis was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero (Registration no. CRD42021286466).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Hamid Rasekhi
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Nutrition Research Department, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198161957, Iran.
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Nunes AR, Costa EC, Alves G, Silva LR. Nanoformulations for the Delivery of Dietary Anthocyanins for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050736. [PMID: 37242519 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by abnormal blood glucose levels-hyperglycemia, caused by a lack of insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or a combination of both. The incidence of DM is increasing, resulting in billions of dollars in annual healthcare costs worldwide. Current therapeutics aim to control hyperglycemia and reduce blood glucose levels to normal. However, most modern drugs have numerous side effects, some of which cause severe kidney and liver problems. On the other hand, natural compounds rich in anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin) have also been used for the prevention and treatment of DM. However, lack of standardization, poor stability, unpleasant taste, and decreased absorption leading to low bioavailability have hindered the application of anthocyanins as therapeutics. Therefore, nanotechnology has been used for more successful delivery of these bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the potential of anthocyanins for the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications, as well as the strategies and advances in the delivery of anthocyanins using nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Nunes
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete C Costa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CPIRN-UDI-IPG-Research Unit for Inland Development, Center for Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-554 Guarda, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II-Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Boscaro V, Rivoira M, Sgorbini B, Bordano V, Dadone F, Gallicchio M, Pons A, Benetti E, Rosa AC. Evidence-Based Anti-Diabetic Properties of Plant from the Occitan Valleys of the Piedmont Alps. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2371. [PMID: 36365189 PMCID: PMC9693256 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on urban and rural diabetes prevalence ratios show a significantly lower presence of diabetes in rural areas. Several bioactive compounds of plant origin are known to exert anti-diabetic properties. Interestingly, most of them naturally occur in different plants present in mountainous areas and are linked to traditions of herbal use. This review will aim to evaluate the last 10 years of evidence-based data on the potential anti-diabetic properties of 9 plants used in the Piedmont Alps (North-Western Italy) and identified through an ethnobotanical approach, based on the Occitan language minority of the Cuneo province (Sambucus nigra L., Achillea millefolium L., Cornus mas L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Fragaria vesca L., Rosa canina L., Rubus idaeus L., Rubus fruticosus/ulmifolius L., Urtica dioica L.), where there is a long history of herbal remedies. The mechanism underlying the anti-hyperglycemic effects and the clinical evidence available are discussed. Overall, this review points to the possible use of these plants as preventive or add-on therapy in treating diabetes. However, studies of a single variety grown in the geographical area, with strict standardization and titration of all the active ingredients, are warranted before applying the WHO strategy 2014-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Boscaro
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Rivoira
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, University of Turin, Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Atlante Linguistico Italiano (ALI), Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Bordano
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Dadone
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Gallicchio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Aline Pons
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, University of Turin, Via Sant’Ottavio 20, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Effects of the Treatment with Flavonoids on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Humans: A Systematic Review Focusing on Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158344. [PMID: 35955475 PMCID: PMC9369232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, have been used to mitigate metabolic syndrome (MetS). Polyphenols are a large group of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, classified into two main classes: non-flavonoids and flavonoids. Flavonoids are distributed in foods, such as fruits, vegetables, tea, red wine, and cocoa. Studies have already demonstrated the benefits of flavonoids on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as cancer cells. The present review summarizes the results of clinical studies that evaluated the effects of flavonoids on the components of the MetS and associated complications when offered as supplements over the long term. The results show that flavonoids can significantly modulate several metabolic parameters, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Only theaflavin and catechin were unable to affect metabolic parameters. Moreover, only body weight and body mass index were unaltered. Thus, the evidence presented in this systematic review offers bases in support of a flavonoid supplementation, held for at least 3 weeks, as a strategy to improve several metabolic parameters and, consequently, reduce the risk of diseases associated with MetS. This fact becomes stronger due to the rare side effects reported with flavonoids.
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Behl T, Kumar K, Singh S, Sehgal A, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Buhas C, Teodora Judea-Pusta C, Negrut N, Alexandru Munteanu M, Brisc C, Bungau S. Unveiling the role of polyphenols in diabetic retinopathy. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Janiszewska J, Ostrowska J, Szostak-Węgierek D. The Influence of Nutrition on Adiponectin-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1394. [PMID: 33919141 PMCID: PMC8143119 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which synthesizes and secretes a variety of adipokines, including adiponectin with its anti-inflammatory properties. Its expression is influenced by numerous factors such as age, sex, body weight and adipose tissue content. However, dietary factors, i.e., diet structure and the percentage of individual nutrients and products, are very important modulators. Beneficial dietary habits are the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, diet based on plant products and diet with reduced energy value. Moreover, the share of individual products and nutrients which increase the concentration of adiponectin is worth noting. This group may include monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, alcohol and milk products. Conversely, dietary ingredients which have a negative effect on the concentration of adiponectin are typical components of the Western diet: saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, monosaccharides and disaccharides, and red meat. Furthermore, a diet characterized by a high glycemic index such as a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet also seems to be unfavorable. Due to the fact that available knowledge should be systematized, this study aimed to summarize the most recent research on the influence of dietary factors on the concentration of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Ostrowska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (D.S.-W.)
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Shramko I, Ageeva E, Maliy K, Repinskaya I, Gurtovaya A. Genetic and pathophysiological substantiation of polyphenolic grape processing products’ application in the treatment of metabolic syndrome in the population of the Republic of Crimea. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213906001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue in abdominal obesity produces various cytokines, the most important of which is adiponectin (AN). Polymorphism of the AN receptor genes is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) development. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of AN genes receptors’ polymorphism with the development of MS and DM2 in the Republic of Crimea as well as the possibility of named pathology correction with polyphenolic functional foods. The study included 100 patients with confirmed diagnosis of DM2 and MS. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of patients. Gene polymorphism amplification was performed by PCR real-time. The most common genotype of the ADIPOQ gene (rs1501299) among patients with DM2 and MS was GT polymorphism G276T. The most frequent genotypes of the ADIPOR1 gene were AC (rs2275737) – 53.3% and CT (rs2275738) - 50.0%. The most frequent combinations between ADIPOR1 and ADIPOQ genes were AC (rs2275737) /CT (rs2275738) and GT (rs1501299) – 28.6%, as well as AC (rs2275737)/CT (rs2275738) and GG (rs1501299) – 19.7%. Thus, in patients with MS and DM2 in the Republic of Crimea, associations of polymorphism of the genes of the AN receptors with the development of this pathology have been established. It is known that polyphenols of red grape varieties are epigenetic modifiers. Therefore, these products can be included in individual nutrition programs in population groups genetically predisposed to MS and DM2.
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The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103169. [PMID: 33081260 PMCID: PMC7603001 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of legal blindness among adults of working age in developed countries. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus and about 60% of type II diabetics have DR. Several studies have tried to identify drugs and therapies to treat DR though little attention has been given to flavonoids, one type of polyphenols, which can be found in high levels mainly in fruits and vegetables, but also in other foods such as grains, cocoa, green tea or even in red wine. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Since it is known that diabetes induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina leading to neuronal death in the early stages of the disease, the use of these compounds can prove to be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of DR. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular effects of flavonoids in the diabetic retina.
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