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Hubner FCL, Telles RW, Giatti L, Machado LAC, Griep RH, Viana MC, Barreto SM, Camelo LV. Job stress and chronic low back pain: incidence, number of episodes, and severity in a 4-year follow-up of the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00610. [PMID: 38787636 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We investigated the association between job stress, as assessed by the effort-reward imbalance model, and the incidence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) over a 4-year period. A total of 1733 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort, who were free from LBP at baseline (2012-2014), were included. Episodes of LBP in the past 30 days, intensity, and the presence of disability were investigated in annual telephone follow-ups (2015-2018). Chronic LBP was defined as episodes of LBP lasting >3 months with at least moderate intensity. We analyzed the incidence of at least one episode of CLBP (yes/no), the number of CLBP episodes (0, 1, ≥2), and CLBP severity/disability (absent, nondisabling, severe/disabling). The association between these outcomes and tertiles of the effort-to-reward ratio, as well as each dimension of the effort-reward imbalance model, was investigated using multinomial logistic and Poisson regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational variables. The cumulative incidence of CLBP over 4 years was 24.8%. High effort-reward imbalance increased the chances of experiencing multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.47) and 70% (95% CI: 1.14-2.53), respectively. High overcommitment increased the incidence of CLBP by 23% (95% CI: 1.01-1.50) and the chances of multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% CI: 1.11-2.50) and 57% (95% CI: 1.05-2.34), respectively. These results indicate that exposure to job stress is associated with a higher incidence, a greater number of episodes, and increased severity of CLBP over a 4-year period. If this association is causal, measures aimed at reducing exposure to job stress are likely to alleviate the burden of CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Corsino Lima Hubner
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa Weiss Telles
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana Giatti
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana A C Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Science Integrity Alliance, Sunrise, FL, United States
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lidyane V Camelo
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina and Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Gritzka S, Angerer P, Erschens R, Diebig M. [The Relationship of Work Stress and Somatic Symptoms Among Early Childhood Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2023; 73:378-387. [PMID: 37160164 DOI: 10.1055/a-2055-1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world of work. Due to additional occupational health and safety measures early childhood professionals were faced with an increased workload, which may lead to an increased risk for their individual health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to obtain updated prevalences of psychosocial work stress (effort-reward imbalance, ERI), overcommitment as well as somatic symptoms and their association during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early childhood professionals from a large city in North Rhine-Westphalia (N=1009) participated in the survey between June 2020 and May 2021. The Effort-Reward Imbalance at work questionnaire (16 items version) was used to assess work stress, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) was used to assess somatic symptoms. A multiple logistic regression tested the association between work stress and somatic health. In total, 72.3% of the sample showed an effort-reward imbalance, 25.0% showed a high overcommitment. The overall prevalence of somatization at a moderate to high level was 45.2%. Effort-reward imbalance and high overcommitment increased the odds of severe symptom presence by a factor of 4.12 and 5.20, respectively. This study shows the high number of effort-reward imbalances, the high overcommitment and the above-average prevalence of somatic complaints among early childhood professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. In view of these high prevalences and their relationships, there is still a strong need for action and research to reduce work-related stress in this occupational group as well as to investigate the persistence of and the management of somatic symptoms in order to develop long-term preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Gritzka
- Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
| | - Rebecca Erschens
- Innere Medizin VI, Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Mathias Diebig
- Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Centre for Health and Society (chs), Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
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Shi X, Aoshima M, Iida T, Hiruta S, Ono Y, Ota A. Psychosocial work characteristics and low back pain in daycare (nursery) workers in Japan: a prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1055. [PMID: 36463146 PMCID: PMC9719192 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-06009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems affecting daycare (nursery) workers. We aimed to identify the psychosocial factors influencing LBP in daycare workers. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study with a one-year observation period. The baseline sample was a convenience sample of 444 daycare workers from 34 daycare facilities in Nagoya, Japan, and its suburbs. All the data were collected through a questionnaire survey. The question "Where are you currently feeling LBP?" was used to determine whether the subjects suffered from LBP. We examined the prospective relationships of the psychosocial work characteristics, i.e., high job strain, low social support, effort-reward imbalance, and overcommitment, at baseline and LBP after one year. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to calculate the odds ratios of psychosocial work characteristics for the persistence and onset of LBP, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, employment status, occupation, and working schedule. RESULTS At baseline, 270 (60.8%) subjects suffered from LBP. Of 208 who also gave information on LBP one year later, 176 (84.6%) suffered from the persistence of LBP. Low social support at baseline was significantly related to persistent LBP one year later. The incidence of persistent LBP was 89.9% and 80.0% among those with and without low social support at baseline, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of low social support at baseline for the persistence of LBP was 2.43 (1.01-5.87). Of 150 who were without LBP at baseline and provided information on LBP one year later, 45 (30.0%) suffered from the onset of LBP. None of the psychosocial work characteristics showed significant relationships with the onset of LBP one year later. CONCLUSION Low social support was related to the persistence, but not to the onset of LBP in a prospective cohort analysis among daycare workers in Japan. High job strain, ERI, or overcommitment did not show a significant prospective effect on LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Shi
- Department of Public Health, Fujita University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Megumi Aoshima
- Department of Public Health, Fujita University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Tadayuki Iida
- grid.412155.60000 0001 0726 4429Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Mihara, Hiroshima, 723-0053 Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiruta
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XResearch Center of Health, Physical Fitness, and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa- ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ono
- Department of Public Health, Fujita University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
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Gritzka S, Angerer P, Pietrowsky R, Diebig M. The Impact of the Implementation of Preventive Measures Due to COVID-19 on Work Design and Early Childhood Professionals' Well-Being-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1739. [PMID: 35162762 PMCID: PMC8834838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The reopening of child-care programs during COVID-19 demanded comprehensive preventive measures. Research to date has overlooked this reopening process as well as early childhood professionals' (ECPs) implementation efforts and resulting changes in their work practices and well-being. As a result, this study sought insights into (1) the practical implementation of measures, (2) perceptions and evaluations of measures, (3) changes in work characteristics, and (4) its impact on well-being. Qualitative interviews were conducted with German child-care managers (N = 27) between June and August 2020. The semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and content-analyzed using MAXQDA. ECPs, through a combination of high effort and engagement, ensured the feasibility of most preventive measures. This included practices which were perceived to be unreasonable or ones which were stricter than practices required for the public. This exacerbated the critical work characteristics (e.g., high workload, overtime, and multitasking) from pre-pandemic scenarios and led to new work demands (e.g., changes in work content and social interactions). ECPs maintained intensive work demands and consequently suffered from broad strain outcomes (e.g., worry, exhaustion, anger, fear of infection, and reduced psychological sense of community). This study highlights the adverse psychosocial work environment of ECPs despite the necessity of ensuring health and safety at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Gritzka
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine (IASUM), Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University (HHU) Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine (IASUM), Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University (HHU) Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Reinhard Pietrowsky
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University (HHU) Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Mathias Diebig
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine (IASUM), Centre for Health and Society (CHS), Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University (HHU) Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.A.); (M.D.)
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Matsuo M, Tanaka G, Tokunaga A, Higashi T, Honda S, Shirabe S, Yoshida Y, Imamura A, Ishikawa I, Iwanaga R. Factors associated with kindergarten teachers' willingness to continue working. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27102. [PMID: 34477148 PMCID: PMC8415944 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The turnover rate among kindergarten teachers in advanced countries is extremely high. As such, there is an urgent need to determine the reasons for this turnover and to identify ways to prevent it. The current study investigates the individual and environmental factors that impact kindergarten teachers' willingness to continue working.A total of 600 kindergarten teachers in Japan participated in this study. Participants responded to questionnaires regarding their willingness to continue working, mental health, work engagement, and the availability of social support. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze participants' data, with willingness to continue working for 5 or more years as the dependent variable. Additionally, Spearman rank correlation was used to examine the correlations between factors associated with willingness to continue working.Factors such as older age, living with a spouse, caring for younger children (up to 2 years old) at work, good mental health, and higher work engagement were significantly associated with teachers' higher willingness to continue working. Factors such as marriage, health and family problems, overtime work, issues with workplace childcare, and education policy, working time/day problems, human relations, and difficulties taking care of children were correlated with teachers' lack of willingness to continue working.The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that welfare benefits and individual support systems could be key elements to encourage kindergarten teachers to continue working and could lead to their improved job satisfaction and mental health. Balanced work conditions and workers' high agreement with their workplace's overall childcare or educational policies may lead to lower turnover. Some programs - such as relationship counselling - could have a positive impact on teachers' mental health and job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemi Matsuo
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishi Kyushu University, 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga, Japan
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akiko Tokunaga
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Honda
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Shirabe
- Organization of Rural Medicine and Resident Education, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Yoshida
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Imamura
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Unit of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Ishikawa
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Iwanaga
- Unit of Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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Useche SA, Alonso F, Cendales B, Montoro L, Llamazares J. Measuring job stress in transportation workers: psychometric properties, convergent validity and reliability of the ERI and JCQ among professional drivers. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1594. [PMID: 34454472 PMCID: PMC8399823 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulated evidence has shown how professional drivers are, in psychosocial terms, among the most vulnerable workforces, and how their crashes (some of them preceded by stressful working conditions) constitute both an occupational and public health concern. However, there is a clear lack of validated tools for measuring stress and other key hazardous issues affecting transport workers, and most of the existing ones, frequently generic, do not fully consider the specific features that properly describe the work environment of professional driving. This study assessed the psychometric properties, convergent validity and consistency of two measures used for researching occupational stress among professional drivers: the Siegrist's ERI (Effort-Reward Imbalance Inventory) and Karasek's JCQ (Job Content Questionnaire). METHODS We examined the data collected from 726 Spanish professional drivers. Analyses were performed using Structural Equation Models, thus obtaining basic psychometric properties of both measures and an optimized structure for the instruments, in addition to testing their convergent validity. RESULTS The results suggest that the abbreviated versions of ERI (10 items) and JCQ (20 items) have clear dimensional structures, high factorial weights, internal consistency and an improved fit to the task's dynamics and hazards, commonly faced by of professional drivers; a short set of items with low psychometrical adjustment was excluded, and the root structure of the questionnaires was kept. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the value and reliability of ERI-10 and JCQ-20 for measuring job stress among professional drivers. Also, there is a high consistency between both measures of stress, even though they belong to different theoretical conceptions of the phenomenon. In practical settings, these instruments can be useful for occupational researchers and practitioners studying stress-related issues from the perspective of human factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Useche
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Boris Cendales
- Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Montoro
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,FACTHUM. Lab (Human Factor and Road Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Llamazares
- Department of Technology, ESIC Business and Marketing School, Madrid, Spain
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Bauwens R, Denissen M, Van Beurden J, Coun M. Can Leaders Prevent Technology From Backfiring? Empowering Leadership as a Double-Edged Sword for Technostress in Care. Front Psychol 2021; 12:702648. [PMID: 34248805 PMCID: PMC8260968 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies have called for more contextual studies of technostress and the role leaders can have in this experience. While technostress is an increasingly prevalent and severe phenomenon in care professions, limited studies have addressed its potential negative consequences for employee well-being and quality of care delivered in this sector or, more importantly, examined how the adverse consequences of technostress could be mitigated. Therefore, the present study addresses this gap by investigating how technostress in childcare affects quality of care delivered via emotional exhaustion and what influence empowering leadership plays in this relationship. Design/methodology approach: Incorporating the views of 339 Dutch childcare workers, this study tests a model in which technostress influences quality of care delivered, mediated by emotional exhaustion and moderated by empowering leadership. Findings: Results confirm that techno-invasion and techno-overload predict higher emotional exhaustion and lower quality of care delivered among childcare workers. Empowering leadership reduced the influence of techno-invasion on emotional exhaustion but strengthened the influence of techno-overload. Originality/value: Our results provide childcare organizations with relevant information on the increasing use of ICT that influences both childcare workers' well-being and quality of care they deliver. Important implications are suggested for leadership geared at stimulating employees' responsibility and accountability for different dimensions of technostress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bauwens
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Marith Denissen
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Jeske Van Beurden
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Martine Coun
- Faculty of Management Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Investigation of psychosocial factors on upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and the prevalence of its musculoskeletal disorders among nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1113-1136. [PMID: 33569697 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational problems especially among nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in upper limbs and its associated psychosocial factors in the workplace. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching the Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI/web of knowledge and Google Scholar databases. The authors classified studies into categories of psychological work stressors and musculoskeletal problems. The statistical analysis was performed using Stata software. RESULTS We found 1742 articles in our initial search. After reviewing the titles, abstracts and full texts, 66 articles were finally analyzed. Psychosocial factors affecting the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders among nurses were identified which included boring work, inadequate staffing, job demands, insufficient support, time pressure, decision latitude, job dissatisfaction, and job stress. There was a significant relationship between these factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the wrists, shoulders, neck and shoulders, and wrists and hands. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results of this study provide strong evidence of some psychosocial factors affecting the prevalence of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. Thus, organizational interventions to minimize these stressors may be promising in reducing one risk factor for the development of nurses' musculoskeletal disorders. These interventions should not only consider the factors of physical ergonomics but also seek to improve the organizational aspects of the workplace.
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Leineweber C, Bernhard‐Oettel C, Eib C, Peristera P, Li J. The mediating effect of exhaustion in the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and turnover intentions: A 4-year longitudinal study from Sweden. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12203. [PMID: 33543549 PMCID: PMC7862986 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earlier studies suggest that imbalance between effort and reward at work associates with exhaustion. Others have found that exhaustion increases turnover intentions; an important precursor of actual turnover that also associates with counterproductive work behaviors. Few, however, have studied the associations between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and employees' intentions to leave their current employment, and whether exhaustion is underpinning that relationship. Here, we investigate the mediating role of exhaustion in the effort-reward imbalance - turnover intentions relationship. METHODS Data from three waves covering a time span of four years from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) were analysed using structural equation modeling. Cross-lagged mediation analyses were conducted to estimate if associations from ERI to subsequent turnover intentions were mediated by exhaustion. Other causal directions (direct and reversed direct effects, reversed mediation) were also examined. RESULTS A direct path from ERI T1 to turnover intentions T2 was found, but not from ERI T2 to turnover intentions T3. Additionally, results showed that ERI at time points T1/T2 associated significantly with exhaustion two years later (T2/T3). Also, exhaustion at T1 showed a small but statistically significant direct association with turnover intentions at T2 (no association was found between exhaustion T2 and turnover intentions T3). A small, but statistically significant indirect effect from ERI to turnover intentions was found (estimate 0.005; 95% CI 0.002-0.010). CONCLUSIONS Providing a good balance between effort and reward for workers is essential to protect employee health and help retain employees in the organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Constanze Eib
- Department of PsychologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesFielding School of Public HealthSchool of NursingUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles (UCLA)CAUSA
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10
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Feaster M, Arah OA, Krause N. Effort-reward imbalance and ambulatory blood pressure among female Las Vegas hotel room cleaners. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:523-534. [PMID: 31044447 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) was hypothesized to be associated with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and pulse pressure (PP) among female hotel room cleaners. METHODS ERI, ABP, and PP were assessed among 419 cleaners from five hotels during 18 waking hours. Adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations of ERI with ABP and PP during 18-hours, work hours, and after work hours. RESULTS There was a pattern of higher ERI being associated with higher 18-hour systolic ABP and 18-hour PP although the results were imprecise. An increase of ERI by half its range was associated with a 1.6 mmHg (95% CI, -1.6-4.7) increase in 18-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 0.7 mmHg (95% CI, -1.1-2.5) increase in 18-hour PP. An increase in rewards by half its range was associated with a 2 mmHg decrease in after-hours SBP (-2.2, 95% CI, -5.4-1.0) and after-hours PP (-1.9, 95% CI, -3.8-0.0). Among females 45 years or older, ERI was associated with 2.1 and 2.2 mmHg increase in 18-hour and work hours diastolic ABP, respectively, compared to a 0 mmHg change in 18-hour and work hours diastolic ABP in younger women. The number of dependents at home attenuated the association. CONCLUSIONS ERI was positively associated with ABP, particularly SBP, and the association was modified by age and the number dependents at home, although the estimates were imprecise. Workplace interventions that integrate stress management and active ABP surveillance appear warranted. However, larger studies with Latina women need to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Feaster
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles California
| | - Onyebuchi A. Arah
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles California
- Center for Social StatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles California
| | - Niklas Krause
- Department of EpidemiologyFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles California
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesFielding School of Public Health, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles California
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Solis-Soto MT, Schön A, Parra M, Radon K. Associations between effort-reward imbalance and health indicators among school teachers in Chuquisaca, Bolivia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025121. [PMID: 30852543 PMCID: PMC6430029 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and health indicators among Bolivian school teachers. DESIGN School-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Sixty randomly selected schools from rural (33) and urban (27) schools in Chuquisaca, Bolivia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1062 school teachers were invited to participate, of which 597 answered the questionnaire (response 56.2%). EXPOSURE MEASURE Psychosocial factors at work were explored through the short version of the Effort-Reward Questionnaire. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Health outcomes included self-rated overall health, mental distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire ≥5) and the 7-day prevalence of low back pain (LBP) as well as neck or shoulder pain (Nordic Questionnaire). Crude and adjusted ORs and their 95% CIs for each health outcome were calculated using logistic regression models. RESULTS The median value for the effort-reward ratio was 0.91 (range: 0.3-2.3) with higher values for teachers from rural versus urban schools. Overall, about 43% of the teachers reported their overall health as fair or poor; 45% suffered mental distress, 17% reported LBP and 29% neck or shoulder pain. Prevalences were higher for teachers employed at rural schools compared with those at urban schools. After adjusting for potential confounders and school location, ERI was statistically significantly associated with fair/poor self-rated health (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.9); mental distress (1.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and LBP (2.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.1). CONCLUSION Our results indicate the urgent need to improve psychosocial working conditions among Bolivian school teachers, in order to promote their health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Solis-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Doctoral Academic Committee, Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Anabel Schön
- CIHLMU@Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Munich, Bayern, Germany
| | - Manuel Parra
- CIHLMU@Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Munich, Bayern, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- CIHLMU@Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Munich, Bayern, Germany
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Awosoga O, Hazzan AA, McIntosh S, Dabravolskaj J, Sajobi TT, Doan J. Factors associated with the health status of childcare workers in southern Alberta, Canada. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:4. [PMID: 30606268 PMCID: PMC6318857 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-4039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is growing evidence that the well-being of childcare workers has important implications for the care provided to children attending childcare centers. To add to the growing body of research in this area and to lay the groundwork for further research, we report the results of a pilot study examining factors that are associated with the health status of childcare workers in southern Alberta, Canada. The factors examined include: health control, employer’s interest in the childcare worker’s wellbeing, and actions that childcare workers are taking to improve their own health. Results A total of 260 “Workplace Health and Risks Survey 2008” questionnaires were sent to 13 licensed daycare centers in southern Alberta, Canada. Of these, a total of 110 questionnaires were completed by childcare workers at these centers and returned. Regression analysis results show that control over one’s health (Standardized Beta = .504, p < .001), employers’ knowledge of negative effects of stress (Standardized Beta = − .328, p = .017), employers’ interest in employees’ well-being (Standardized Beta = .366, p = .008), and actions that are planned to be taken to improve or maintain health in the future (Standardized Beta = .231, p = .005) are all significant predictors of health status among childcare workers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-4039-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwagbohunmi Awosoga
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Afeez Abiola Hazzan
- Department of Healthcare Studies, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, 350 New Campus Drive, Brockport, NY, 14420, USA.
| | - Suzanne McIntosh
- Wellness & Recognition, Human Resources, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Julia Dabravolskaj
- Edmonton Oliver Primary Care Network, 130, 11910 111 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T5G 0E5, Canada
| | - Tolulope T Sajobi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jon Doan
- Kinesiology & Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
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Tayama J, Yoshida Y, Iwanaga R, Tokunaga A, Tanaka G, Imamura A, Shimazu A, Shirabe S. Factors associated with preschool workers' willingness to continue working. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13530. [PMID: 30544456 PMCID: PMC6310558 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In industrialized countries, the turnover rate of preschool workers is extremely high and now represents a social problem. Consequently, it has become important to promote stable early care and educational environments for this population. Several factors related to working environments are known to affect turnover intention; however, the specific factors related to turnover intention among preschool workers have not yet been identified. Considering this, the objective of the present study was to determine factors associated with preschool workers' willingness to continue working.The participants of this study were 1137 preschool workers based in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the participants' data, with willingness to continue working for 5 years or more set as the dependent variable.Analysis of the results for all subjects clearly showed that male sex, older age, good mental health, high number of social supports, and good work engagement have a positive effect on willingness to continue working. Further, stratifying the participants in terms of age revealed that for preschool workers under 39 years, male sex, good mental health, high number of social supports, and good work engagement act positively in regard to willingness to continue working. Meanwhile, for those over 40 years, it was found that permanent employment and good work engagement act positively in this regard. Thus, work engagement was the only common factor between preschool workers under 39 and over 40.The findings of this cross-sectional study demonstrate that the factors associated with willingness to continue working among preschool workers differ between younger and older professionals. These findings underline the importance of considering age categories when attempting to maximize such professionals' willingness to continue working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tayama
- Graduate School of Education
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education
| | - Yuri Yoshida
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education
- Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University
| | - Ryoichiro Iwanaga
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Akiko Tokunaga
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education
- Department of Occupational Therapy
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Akira Imamura
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
| | | | - Susumu Shirabe
- Center for Child Mental Health Care and Education
- Organization of Rural Medicine and Resident Education, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan
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Backhaus O, Hampel P, Dadaczynski K. Effort-Reward Imbalance and Burnout in German Kindergarten Educators. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment are increasingly identified as work-related risk factors for burnout and somatic symptoms. In order to explore the situation in German kindergarten educators, a cross-sectional study based on questionnaire responses from N = 1,933 was carried out. Burnout was found in 24.4% and somatic symptoms in 47.3% of the study participants. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify effort-reward imbalance (OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.85–4.95) and overcommitment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34–1.47) as independent predictors for burnout. Results confirm the high relevance of the effort-reward imbalance concept for the health status of kindergarten educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Backhaus
- Faculty of Social Work and Health, Kiel University of Applied Sciences, Germany
| | - Petra Hampel
- Institute of Health, Nutrition, and Sport Sciences, Europa-Universität, Flensburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Dadaczynski
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Germany
- Center for Applied Health Sciences, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany
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