1
|
Abateneh G, Gizaw Z, Gebrehiwot M, Worede EA. Prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and associated factors among woodwork workers in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia; a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:3. [PMID: 38166969 PMCID: PMC10759701 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to wood dust can cause respiratory symptoms, like cough, phlegm, breathlessness, and chest pain, reduce lung function. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among woodwork workers in Bahir-Dar city, Ethiopia. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was employed among 229 exposed and 228 unexposed groups. Participants for the study were selected using simple random sampling technique. The chronic respiratory symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire adopted from the American Thoracic Society. The data was entered using Epi-Data version 4.6 and export to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Poisson regression, Multivariate linear regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with woodworkers, general population and in pooled analysis. RESULT The prevalence of having at least one chronic respiratory symptom was higher among exposed group (59.4%) than unexposed group (18.0%) with PR = 3.03(95%CI: 2.45, 4.45). In woodworker; Not taking health and safety training(5.15,95%(CI:1.93-13.76),primary educational(3.85,95%,CI:(1.1,13.47), not using Mask(6.38, 95%CI:(2.69-15.76) & number of families(3.05,95%,CI:1.04-9.028), In general population; Number of family members(2.75, 95%CI:1.1-7.19)& lower monthly income (3.3, 95%CI: (1.49-7.4), and In pooled analysis; wood dust exposure status 14.36 95%, CI:(7.6-27.00),primary education(2.93,95%CI:1.24-6.92), number of families(3.46,95%CI:1.8-6.64), lower monthly income(2.13,95%CI:1.19-3.81), & smoking (6.65, 95%CI:1.19-36.9) were associated with respiratory symptom. CONCLUSION Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher among exposed group than unexposed group. Reduced wood dust exposure status, Provision of occupational safety and health training, use of respiratory protective devices is recommended to reduce respiratory symptoms among woodwork workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girmaw Abateneh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Abera Worede
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Araújo ALS, Cavalcante CO, Lavorante AF, Silva WE, Belian MF. Fluorimetric determination of aqueous formaldehyde employing heating and ultrasound-assisted approach through its derivatization with a ß-diketone-nickel(2+) complex immobilized in a PMMA flow cell. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 310:123792. [PMID: 38244431 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly toxic substance present in many matrices, including freshwater as well as found in natural mechanisms such as rainfall and combustion of organic matter. Consumption of water contaminated with high levels of FA can cause severe short-term or long-term health problems. Due to these health risks, procedures are necessary to determine and quantify FA in aqua sources This paper reports on a study of fluorimetric determination of FA using a nickel(2 + )-diketonate coordination compound immobilized as a solid precursor. The compound was characterized by electronic absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), optical microscopy (OM), and scanner electron microscopy (SEM). The methodology was based on the reaction of the synthesized compound with an ammoniacal buffer generating a selective reagent for formaldehyde: fluoral-P. The product of the reaction generates 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), which is responsible for the fluorescence of the system. Several parameters such as temperature, duration of heating time, and dilution effect with the best effects were studied to carry out FA determination. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear response ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L FA (R = 0.997 and n = 10), and a detection (3σ criterion) and quantification (10 σ criterion) limit estimated at 0.129 and 0.389 mg/L, respectively were achieved. The FA analysis was able to be conducted in 05 min with a relative standard deviation estimated at 1.10 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L S de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Caroliny O Cavalcante
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André F Lavorante
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Wagner E Silva
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Belian
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thanasilungkoon B, Niempoog S, Sriyakul K, Tungsukruthai P, Kamalashiran C, Kietinun S. The Efficacy of Ruesi Dadton and Yoga on Reducing Neck and Shoulder Pain in Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:1113-1130. [PMID: 38287934 PMCID: PMC10824298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders can cause neck and shoulder pain in office workers. The research objective was to investigate the efficacy of Ruesi Dadton exercise (RD) and Yoga exercise (YE) compared with Stretching exercise (SE) on reducing neck and shoulder pain in office workers. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted at Thai Traditional Health Promotion Center, Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine Hospital. A total number of 80 participants, equally divided into three groups: two intervention groups of RD (n=26), YE (n=28), and a control group of stretching exercise (SE) (n=26) who completed the 4-week intervention program. The primary outcomes were pain relief assessed by Visual Analog Scale, Pressure Pain Threshold, muscle flexibility by Cervical Range of Motion. The secondary outcome was World Health Organization's Quality of Life test. ANOVA, paired t-tests and repeated ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the comparison of all three groups before and after the exercises revealed a decrease in pain, better tolerance to pain and more flexibility of the neck muscles with statistical significance (p< 0.05). With respect to the quality of World Health Organization's Quality of Life, the comparison of all four domains in all three groups before and after the exercises indicated a statistically significant improvement in quality of life (p< 0.05). However, there were no differences in pain, neck muscle flexibility and quality of life between groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunyarn Niempoog
- Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| | - Kusuma Sriyakul
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| | - Parunkul Tungsukruthai
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| | - Chuntida Kamalashiran
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| | - Somboon Kietinun
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, THAILAND
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ebrahimi V, Yarahmadi R, Salehi M, Ashtarinezhad A. Exposure assessment to BTEX in the air of nail salons in Tehran city, Iran. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18195. [PMID: 37519745 PMCID: PMC10375791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nail salon industry has grown considerably, but there are serious concerns about the health risks associated with working in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the exposure of nail technicians to BTEX. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 49 salons, and NIOSH Method 1501 was used to measure the concentration of BTEX in the breathing zone of technicians. The EPA method was used to assess health risks. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The mean concentrations of toluene were (82.65 ± 198.84µg/m3)µg/m3, followed by benzene (10.58 ± 9.62µg/m3), p-xylenes (20.77 ± 37.79µg/m3), o-xylene (13.79 ± 25.70µg/m3), and ethylbenzene (29.35 ± 58.26µg/m3) , that lower than the permissible exposure limits suggested by NIOSH. Among the BTEX, toluene (82.65 ± 198.84µg/m3) has the most concentration in the nail salons. It was also discovered through multiple linear regression analysis that humidity had a significant effect on increasing the concentration of toluene (Beta = 0.50, P-value = 0.001) and ethylbenzene (Beta = 0.16, P = 0.049), while there was a considerable association between the number of services performed and benzene concentration (Beta = 0.34, P = 0.010). The average inhalation lifetime cancer risk for benzene (4.9 × 10 -5±4.5 × 10-5) was higher than the recommended value set by the US EPA. Although the concentrations of BTEX were lower than the maximum permissible limits, the results of the cancer risk assessment for benzene showed that working in nail salons with poor ventilation is hazardous. Therefore, exposure can be minimized by ensuring appropriate ventilation in the workplace and using safe products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Ebrahimi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yarahmadi
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ashtarinezhad
- Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan M, Muhmood K, Noureen S, Mahmood HZ, Amir-Ud-Din R. Epidemiology of respiratory diseases and associated factors among female textile workers in Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2022; 28:184-198. [PMID: 32602797 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1751973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of byssinosis and other respiratory symptoms among women textile workers and the associated risk factors in 18 spinning mills of Faisalabad and Lahore districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Method. In this case-control study of 1054 female workers, we used the dose-response function to measure the association between dust level and respiratory disorders in cotton textile workers. Results. Working overtime and long working hours per week are significantly associated with self-reported symptoms of byssinosis. Women's age, marital status and wages were significantly associated with mitigating actions (seeing the doctor), while the education of the women was significantly associated with averting action (use of a mask). Conclusion. Regulating working hours and ensuring employees' compliance with the safety standards are expected to mitigate the health problems of female workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Muhmood
- Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biagiotti M, Bassani GA, Chiarini A, Vincoli VT, Dal Prà I, Cosentino C, Alessandrino A, Taddei P, Freddi G. Electrospun Silk Fibroin Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration: Chemical, Structural, and Toxicological Implications of the Formic Acid-Silk Fibroin Interaction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:833157. [PMID: 35155396 PMCID: PMC8829063 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.833157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissolution of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) films in formic acid (FA) for the preparation of electrospinning dopes is widely exploited to produce electrospun SF scaffolds. The SILKBridge® nerve conduit is an example of medical device having in its wall structure an electrospun component produced from an FA spinning dope. Though highly volatile, residual FA remains trapped into the bulk of the SF nanofibers. The purpose of this work is to investigate the type and strength of the interaction between FA and SF in electrospun mats, to quantify its amount and to evaluate its possible toxicological impact on human health. The presence of residual FA in SF mats was detected by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (new carbonyl peak at about 1,725 cm−1) and by solid state NMR, which revealed a new carbonyl signal at about 164.3 ppm, attributed to FA by isotopic 13C substitution. Changes occurred also in the spectral ranges of hydroxylated amino acids (Ser and Thr), demonstrating that FA interacted with SF by forming formyl esters. The total amount of FA was determined by HS-GC/MS analysis and accounted for 247 ± 20 μmol/g. The greatest part was present as formyl ester, a small part (about 3%) as free FA. Approximately 17% of the 1,500 μmol/g of hydroxy amino acids (Ser and Thr) theoretically available were involved in the formation of formyl esters. Treatment with alkali (Na2CO3) succeeded to remove the greatest part of FA, but not all. Alkali-treated electrospun SF mats underwent morphological, physical, and mechanical changes. The average diameter of the fibers increased from about 440 nm to about 480 nm, the mat shrunk, became stiffer (the modulus increased from about 5.5 MPa to about 7 MPa), and lost elasticity (the strain decreased from about 1 mm/mm to about 0.8 mm/mm). Biocompatibility studies with human adult dermal fibroblasts did not show significant difference in cell proliferation (313 ± 18 and 309 ± 23 cells/mm2 for untreated and alkali-treated SF mat, respectively) and metabolic activity. An in-depth evaluation of the possible toxicological impact of residual FA was made using the SILKBridge® nerve conduit as case study, following the provisions of the ISO 10993-1 standard. The Potential Patient Daily Intake, calculated from the total amount of FA determined by HS-GC/MS, was 2.4 mg/day and the Tolerable Exposure level was set to 35.4 mg/day. This allowed to obtain a value of the Margin of Safety of 15, indicating that the amount of FA left on SF mats after electrospinning does not raise concerns for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Chiarini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Human Histology and Embryology Unit, Medical School, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Human Histology and Embryology Unit, Medical School, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Taddei
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Freddi
- Silk Biomaterials S.r.l, Lomazzo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuliano Freddi,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sha MS, Maurya MR, Geetha M, Kumar B, Abdullah AM, Sadasivuni KK. A Smart Colorimetric Platform for Detection of Methanol, Ethanol and Formic Acid. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:618. [PMID: 35062579 PMCID: PMC8780487 DOI: 10.3390/s22020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and scientists are working on converting it to useful products, thereby reducing its quantity in the atmosphere. For converting CO2, different approaches are used, and among them, electrochemistry is found to be the most common and more efficient technique. Current methods for detecting the products of electrochemical CO2 conversion are time-consuming and complex. To combat this, a simple, cost-effective colorimetric method has been developed to detect methanol, ethanol, and formic acid, which are formed electrochemically from CO2. In the present work, the highly efficient sensitive dyes were successfully established to detect these three compounds under optimized conditions. These dyes demonstrated excellent selectivity and showed no cross-reaction with other products generated in the CO2 conversion system. In the analysis using these three compounds, this strategy shows good specificity and limit of detection (LOD, ~0.03-0.06 ppm). A cost-effective and sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) colorimetric sensor prototype was developed to implement these dyes systems for practical and real-time application. Employing the dyes as sensing elements, the prototype exhibits unique red, green, and blue (RGB) values upon exposure to test solutions with a short response time of 2 s. Detection of these compounds via this new approach has been proven effective by comparing them with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This novel approach can replace heavy-duty instruments such as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (G.C.), and NMR due to its extraordinary selectivity and rapidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizaj Shabil Sha
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.S.S.); (M.R.M.); (M.G.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Muni Raj Maurya
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.S.S.); (M.R.M.); (M.G.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mithra Geetha
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.S.S.); (M.R.M.); (M.G.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Bijandra Kumar
- Department of Technology, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA;
| | - Aboubakr M. Abdullah
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.S.S.); (M.R.M.); (M.G.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.S.S.); (M.R.M.); (M.G.); (A.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tian M, He H, Liu Y, Li R, Zhu B, Cao Z. Fatal methanol poisoning with different clinical and autopsy findings: Case report and literature review. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 54:101995. [PMID: 34844153 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methanol poisoning is responsible for high morbidity and mortality, and the elevated concentration of methanol in the body is the major criteria for forensic diagnosis of methanol poisoning. However, in cases with lower methanol concentrations, diagnosis is mainly dependent on highly variable postmortem manifestations.Herein, we report a fatal methanol poisoning cases that two subjects ingested the same amount of methanol simultaneously, yet the subject one presented only non-specific gastrointestinal and mild central nervous system symptoms, while the other subject exhibited typical toxic manifestations with the exception of visual compromise. In autopsy, subject number 1 did not show typical pathological changes caused by methanol poisoning, except for the elevated levels of methanol in body fluids. On the contrary, bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage and necrosis caused by methanol-induced brain lesion was observed in case number 2. Due to the complex and multifactorial process of methanol intoxication, many factors, including comprehensive autopsy, quantitative detection of methanol and formic acid, and genotype analysis, participate in its metabolism and toxicity, and can impact the clinical symptoms, prognosis and postmortem manifestations. Therefore, a combination of multiple diagnosis methods may more accurately contribute to the forensic diagnosis of methanol poisoning and should be tailored on an individual basis. This case report also reviews forensic diagnosis literature on methanol poisoning to provide a reference for forensic pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Tian
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Hongyu He
- The Department of Pathology, the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.83 Wenhua road, Shenhe Area, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Forensic Science Service of the Yingkou Public Security Bureau, No.12 Riyue Road, Bayuquan District, Yingkou 115007, PR China
| | - Rubo Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
DNA and RhoB-functionalized metal–organic frameworks for the sensitive fluorescent detection of liquid alcohols. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
da Costa BRB, El Haddad LP, Piva Bigão VLC, De Martinis BS. Quantifying ethanol in ethanol-based hand sanitizers by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC/FID). J AOAC Int 2021; 105:11-18. [PMID: 34546367 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic sharply increased the demand for ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers, leading to a shortage of these products. Consequently, regulatory health agencies worldwide have altered their regulatory guidelines, on ethanol quality, to meet this high demand, raising concern about the products quality. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify ethanol content and to qualitatively assess common impurities in ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC/FID). METHODS To quantify the ethanol content, 0.10 g of the sample was weighed in a 20 mL headspace vial and 5 mL of deionized water was added. Regarding the qualitative approach, 0.25 g of the sample was weighed and 4 mL of deionized water and was added. The samples were incubated, and then 400 µL of the headspace was injected into the GC/FID. Forty-eight products purchased in Brazil were analyzed. RESULTS Thirteen products presented at least one nonconformity regarding the ethanol quantity. Two samples presented an average ethanol concentration below the lower limit considered effective. Twelve samples presented acetaldehyde or ethyl acetate. CONCLUSION The huge demand for ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers may have impacted their quality. Because concern with proper hand hygiene tends to remain an issue for a long period, more studies about quality control of hand sanitizers will be needed. HIGHLIGHTS A simple and fast HS-GC/FID method to quantify ethanol in ethanol-based gel hand sanitizers was developed, validated and applied to commercial samples in Brazil. The regulatory authorities must be more vigilant to ensure that the commercially available products meet the recommended specifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n° Ribeirão Preto-, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Pereira El Haddad
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-, SP, 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Vítor Luiz Caleffo Piva Bigão
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n° Ribeirão Preto-, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-, SP, 14040-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen NXA, Viet Hai L, Nguyen TKN, Pham TN, Nguyen TT, Huynh LTN, Pham VV, Nguyen TTT, Thai Hoang N, Dai Lam T. Efficient nickel or copper oxides decorated graphene-polyaniline interface for application in selective methanol sensing. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28573-28580. [PMID: 35478552 PMCID: PMC9038141 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene sheets decorated with nickel or copper oxides that were anchored on polyaniline (denoted as PANI-graphene/NiO and PANI-graphene/CuO) were prepared by a simple, easy to-control electrochemical method and applied as novel materials for sensitive and selective methanol sensing. The fabricated sensors exhibited good electrocatalytic activity, appropriate dynamic linear range (20-1300 mM), sensitivity (0.2-1.5 μA mM-1 cm-2) and excellent selectivity towards methanol. It should be highlighted from the selectivity tests that no significant interference was observed from ethanol and other alcohols. To our best knowledge, using inexpensive but efficient transition metals like Ni, Cu instead of Pt, Pd and their composites with PANI, graphene would be scientifically novel and practically feasible approach for sensor fabrication that could be potentially used to identify methanol adulteration in counterfeit alcoholic beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Xuan An Nguyen
- HCM City University of Science, Vietnam National University HCM City 227 Nguyen Van Cu HCM City Vietnam
| | - Le Viet Hai
- HCM City University of Science, Vietnam National University HCM City 227 Nguyen Van Cu HCM City Vietnam
| | - Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen
- HCM City University of Science, Vietnam National University HCM City 227 Nguyen Van Cu HCM City Vietnam
| | - Thi Nam Pham
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Thom Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh
- HCM City University of Science, Vietnam National University HCM City 227 Nguyen Van Cu HCM City Vietnam
| | - Van Viet Pham
- HCM City University of Science, Vietnam National University HCM City 227 Nguyen Van Cu HCM City Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Trang Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thai Hoang
- HCM City University of Science, Vietnam National University HCM City 227 Nguyen Van Cu HCM City Vietnam
| | - Tran Dai Lam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam .,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kosecki PA, Autret A, Abbott L, Keller-Brooke K. Isobutylene contamination of blood collected in 10-ml evacuated blood collection tubes with gray conventional rubber stoppers. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:2484-2492. [PMID: 34250598 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dual-column headspace gas chromatographic analysis with two flame-ionization detectors is a commonly used analytical technique for forensic blood ethanol quantitation. This technique is also applicable to the identification and quantitation of other volatile organic compounds such as methanol in biological samples. Compound identification by retention time is limited to those compounds with known retention times programmed into the instrument method. Historically, an early-eluting peak from an unidentified compound has been observed in both chromatograms from antemortem blood samples analyzed for ethanol concentration with this technique. The unidentified compound's retention time matches that of methanol on one column but not on the second column. This previously unidentified compound has been identified as isobutylene. The proposed source of the isobutylene contamination historically observed in antemortem blood samples collected in 10-ml gray-top blood collection tubes is the conventional rubber stopper. Isobutylene was detected in deionized water stored in each of the seven lots of 10-ml blood tubes tested; the expiration dates of the tubes tested spanned the years 2002-2022. Misidentification of isobutylene as methanol is possible when using a single-column gas chromatographic system. The presence of isobutylene in blood collected in a gray-top collection tube does not represent laboratory contamination, is not an interferent with blood ethanol quantitation, and does not affect the ethanol concentration in the blood. A 0.150 g/dl aqueous ethanol standard was stored in a gray-top tube to evaluate the potential impact of isobutylene on ethanol quantitation. The solution's average ethanol concentration measured after storage was 0.150 g/dl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Autret
- Tucson Police Department Crime Laboratory, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lori Abbott
- Scottsdale Police Department Crime Laboratory, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Comparative Study of Ethanol Concentration in Costal Cartilage in Relation to Blood and Urine. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is not always available in forensic autopsies, therefore, the search for alternative sampling materials is needed. This study aimed at examining if ethanol can be detected in costal cartilage and to investigate if different forms of costal cartilage can give accurate information about ethanol concentration in the blood or urine of human cadavers (n = 50). Ethanol concentration in samples of unground costal cartilage (UCC), ground costal cartilage (GCC), femoral venous blood, and urine was analyzed using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Due to Polish law, we used two different cut-off points: the blood alcohol concentration >0.2 mg/mL defined as the ‘after use’ condition, and the blood alcohol concentration >0.5 mg/mL defined as the ‘state of insobriety’. Based on the constructed receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, the optimal cut-off point for ethanol content as the ‘after use’ condition was 0.273 mg/g for the UCC method and 0.069 mg/g for the GCC method. Analysis of the Areas under a ROC Curve (AUC) showed that both methods present excellent diagnostic accuracy (AUCUCC = 0.903; AUCGCC = 0.984). We demonstrated that it is possible to detect ethanol in the costal cartilage and showed that ethanol concentrations are determined in GCC samples with greater accuracy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Prediction Model of Alcohol Intoxication from Facial Temperature Dynamics Based on K-Means Clustering Driven by Evolutionary Computing. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intoxication is a significant phenomenon, affecting many social areas, including work procedures or car driving. Alcohol causes certain side effects including changing the facial thermal distribution, which may enable the contactless identification and classification of alcohol-intoxicated people. We adopted a multiregional segmentation procedure to identify and classify symmetrical facial features, which reliably reflects the facial-temperature variations while subjects are drinking alcohol. Such a model can objectively track alcohol intoxication in the form of a facial temperature map. In our paper, we propose the segmentation model based on the clustering algorithm, which is driven by the modified version of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) evolutionary optimization with the goal of facial temperature features extraction from the IR (infrared radiation) images. This model allows for a definition of symmetric clusters, identifying facial temperature structures corresponding with intoxication. The ABC algorithm serves as an optimization process for an optimal cluster’s distribution to the clustering method the best approximate individual areas linked with gradual alcohol intoxication. In our analysis, we analyzed a set of twenty volunteers, who had IR images taken to reflect the process of alcohol intoxication. The proposed method was represented by multiregional segmentation, allowing for classification of the individual spatial temperature areas into segmentation classes. The proposed method, besides single IR image modelling, allows for dynamical tracking of the alcohol-temperature features within a process of intoxication, from the sober state up to the maximum observed intoxication level.
Collapse
|