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Integrated Serum Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Interventional Effects of Quzhi Decoction against Osteoarthritis Pain. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:9116175. [PMID: 35992559 PMCID: PMC9391123 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9116175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic pain, the main symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA), remains the primary reason for decreased functional capacity. Quzhi decoction, a TCM prescription, is effective in treating chronic pain in OA, but the potential mechanisms require further exploration. Methods An anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat model was established, and pain-like behavior was evaluated. Metabolomics analysis of serum samples was performed to identify differential metabolites, and network pharmacology was used to identify potential targets of Quzhi decoction for the treatment of OA. Finally, we constructed a comprehensive network of serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. At the same time, the obtained key targets were verified by molecular docking. Results Quzhi decoction was shown to attenuate pain-like behavior and joint inflammation in OA rats. Through serum metabolomics, thirty potentially significant metabolites were found to be involved in the therapeutic effects of Quzhi decoction against OA pain. According to network pharmacology, 107 active drug components were matched with 115 disease targets, which was partly consistent with the metabolomics findings. Further analysis focused on 6 key targets, including CYP3A4, PLA2G4A, PTGS1, PTGS2, TYR, and ALOX5, and their associated core metabolites and pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the related targets had high affinity with the active pharmaceutical ingredients in Quzhi decoction. Conclusion The effect of Quzhi decoction on OA pain may be related to the inhibition of joint inflammation, mainly through disturbing arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and leukotriene metabolism. Further systematic molecular biology experiments are needed to verify the accurate mechanism.
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Liang Y, Sun L, Rong F, Han X, Ma X, Deng X, Cheng M, Shan J, Li W, Fu T. Inhalation of tetrandrine liposomes for the treatment of bleomycin induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang Y, Qin S, Song Y, Yuan J, Hu S, Chen M, Li L. Alginate Oligosaccharide Alleviated Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Oxidative Stress via Lactobacillus Genus-FAHFAs-Nrf2 Axis in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857242. [PMID: 35432359 PMCID: PMC9010505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharide is the depolymerized product of alginate, a natural extract of brown algae, which is associated with beneficial health effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism via which alginate oligosaccharides improve kidney oxidative damage and liver inflammation induced by cisplatin chemotherapy via the gut microbiota. C57BL/6J mice were treated with cisplatin were administered alginate oligosaccharide via gavage for 3 weeks. Compared to that observed in the cisplatin chemotherapy group without intragastric administration of alginate oligosaccharide, liver inflammation improved in the alginate oligosaccharide group, indicated by reduction in lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. This was accompanied by improvement in the oxidative stress of mice kidneys, indicated by the increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and nuclear NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in renal tissue, and reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissue and serum creatinine (Cr) to the levels of the normal control group. Alginate oligosaccharide intervention increased the concentration of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). Alginate oligosaccharide regulated the composition of the intestinal microbial community and promoted Lactobacillus stains, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri. Spearman analysis showed that 5 members of FAHFAs concentrations were positively correlated with Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri abundance. We observed that alginate oligosaccharide increased FAHFAs producing-related bacterial abundance and FAHFAs levels, enhanced the levels of SOD and CAT in kidney tissue, and reduced the levels of MDA via activating Nrf2, thereby ameliorating the renal redox injury caused by cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yipeng Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Jingyi Yuan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanliang Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lili Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Li,
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Sanse Powder Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Negatively Regulates TRPA1 by AMPK/mTOR Signaling in Synovitis: Knee Osteoarthritis Rat Model and Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Isolates. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:4736670. [PMID: 34876884 PMCID: PMC8645395 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4736670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovitis is the primary driving factor for the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and plays a crucial role during this process. Our previous works revealed that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channels mediate the amplification of KOA synovitis. In recent years, essential oils have been proved to have blocking effect on transient receptor potential channels. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effect of Sanse Powder on KOA synovitis has been confirmed in clinical trials and basic studies; although, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, Sanse Powder essential oil nanoemulsion (SP-NEs) was prepared, and then chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and stability were investigated. Besides, both in MIA-induced KOA rats and in LPS-stimulated FLSs, we investigated whether SP-NES could alleviate KOA synovitis by interfering with AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an energy sensing pathway proved to negatively regulate the TRPA1. Our research shows that the top three substances in SP-NEs were tumerone, delta-cadinene, and Ar-tumerone, which accounted for 51.62% of the total, and should be considered as the main pharmacodynamic ingredient. Less inflammatory cell infiltration and type I collagen deposition were found in the synovial tissue of KOA rats treated with SP-NEs, as well as the downregulated expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and TRPA1. Besides, SP-NEs increased the phosphorylation level of AMPK and decreased the phosphorylation level of mTOR in the KOA model, and SP-NEs also upregulated expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator-1α and downstream signaling molecules of AMPK-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. To conclude, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine for external use which is effective in treating synovitis of KOA was extracted and prepared into essential oil nanoemulsion with stable properties in the present study. It may alleviate synovitis in experimental KOA through the negative regulation of TRPA1 by AMPK-mTOR signaling.
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Zhang H, Ding L, Shi X, Mei W, Huang Z, Zhang L, Li X, Xu B, Zhang L, Wang P. Imperatorin alleviated NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome cascade-induced synovial fibrosis and synovitis in rats with knee osteoarthritis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12954-12964. [PMID: 34847824 PMCID: PMC8809955 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the therapeutic effects of imperatorin (IMP) on knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Thirty 3-month-old SD male rats were randomly divided into Normal, monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and MIA+IMP groups. Their synovial tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis. Primary synovial fibroblasts obtained from additional normal rats were treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then IMP. The mRNA and protein expressions of factors related to synovitis and synovial fibrosis were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The concentrations of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. IMP reduced HIF-1α, NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome expression and IL-1β, IL-18 production in synovial fibroblasts induced by LPS. IMP also downregulated synovial fibrosis markers. In vitro study revealed that MIA-induced synovitis and synovial fibrosis were relieved by IMP. IMP relieves the inflammation associated with synovitis and synovial fibrosis. It reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and inhibits TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and VEGF expressions that promote synovial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhenjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, ZhenjiangJiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
| | - Peimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, NanjingJiangsu Province, China
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Agnuside Alleviates Synovitis and Fibrosis in Knee Osteoarthritis through the Inhibition of HIF-1 α and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5534614. [PMID: 33814979 PMCID: PMC7987448 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5534614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in chronic aseptic inflammation and is related to tissue fibrosis. Our last study also revealed the vital role of NLRP3 inflammasome, highly associated with tissue hypoxia, in the onset and development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this study, we tried to find a possible benign intervention for that pathological process. Agnuside (AGN), a nontoxic, natural small molecule isolated from the extract of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae), has been demonstrated to have antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, and many other properties as an iridoid glycoside, although its specific target is still unclear. Therefore, we established MIA-induced KOA model rats and investigated the effects of AGN oral gavage on oxygen-containing state, NLRP3 inflammasome, synovitis, and fibrosis in KOA. Pimonidazole staining and HIF-1α immunohistochemical assay both showed that AGN at the oral dose of 6.25 mg/kg can effectively relieve local hypoxia in synovial tissue. Besides, we observed a decrease of HIF-1α, caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3 after AGN intervention, both in the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, rats treated with the AGN showed less inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, not only in the expression of NLRP3, inflammasome downstream factors IL-1β and IL-18, and fibrosis markers TGF-β, TIMP1, and VEGF but also in the observation of HE staining, anatomical characteristics, Sirius Red staining, and type I collagen immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, we established LPS-induced models of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) mimicking the inflammatory environment of KOA and activating NLRP3 inflammasome. FLSs treated with AGN (3 μM) resulted in a downregulation of HIF-1α and the components required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, the content of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 in FLS supernatant was also reduced by AGN. In addition, both mRNA and protein levels of the fibrotic markers were significantly decreased after AGN management. To conclude, this study demonstrates that AGN alleviates synovitis and fibrosis in experimental KOA through the inhibition of HIF-1α accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, not only does it reveal some novel targets for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of AGN but also announces its potential value in treating KOA in humans.
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Ma Z, Huang Z, Zhang L, Li X, Xu B, Xiao Y, Shi X, Zhang H, Liao T, Wang P. Vanillic Acid Reduces Pain-Related Behavior in Knee Osteoarthritis Rats Through the Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Synovitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599022. [PMID: 33658936 PMCID: PMC7917290 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Synovitis plays an important role in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. The activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) promotes KOA development. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether vanillic acid (VA), a monomer derived from Chinese herbal medicines, could target NLRP3 inflammasome-related synovitis to reduce pain. Methods: Rats in the KOA and KOA + VA groups were injected with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the knee to induce KOA. From day 14, the KOA + VA group was given VA at 30 mg/kg every day via gastric intubation. FLSs were collected from the synovial tissues. We examined both the protein and gene expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), NLRP3, components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in vivo and in vitro. Results: The upregulation of caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3 in the KOA model were reduced by VA. VA also lowered the level of IL-1β and IL-18 in the KOA model. In addition, VA relieved pain-related behavior of KOA model rats and downregulated the pain mediators CGRP, NGF, and TrkA in FLSs. Interestingly, we also observed reduced synovial fibrosis in the animal experiments. Conclusion: Our research showed that VA reduces synovitis and pain-related behaviors in a rat model of KOA, which provides the basis for further investigations into the potential therapeutic impact of VA in KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengquan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yancheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haosheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Taiyang Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Potential physio-pathological effects of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids. Biochimie 2021; 182:13-22. [PMID: 33412159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Branched Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs) are a new endogenous lipid class with recently uncovered interesting biological effects and which have been detected in food of plant and animal origins. Some FAHFAs can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin secretion, and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Other beneficial health effects have also been suggested, in particular against some cancers. FAHFAs could therefore be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of numerous metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers. Their recent discovery has generated a great interest in the field of human health. This short review aims at bringing together the information available to date in the literature concerning their chemical synthesis, biosynthesis and degradation pathways as well as their potential physio-pathological beneficial effects.
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Brejchova K, Balas L, Paluchova V, Brezinova M, Durand T, Kuda O. Understanding FAHFAs: From structure to metabolic regulation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101053. [PMID: 32735891 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) in humans draw attention of many researches to their biological effects. Although FAHFAs were originally discovered in insects and plants, their introduction into the mammalian realm opened new horizons in bioactive lipid research. Hundreds of isomers from different families have been identified so far and their role in (patho) physiological processes is currently being explored. The family of palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), especially 5-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA regioisomers, stands out in the crowd of other FAHFAs for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Beneficial effects of PAHSAs have been linked to metabolic disorders such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, colitis, and chronic inflammation. Besides PAHSAs, a growing family of polyunsaturated FAHFAs exerts mainly immunomodulatory effects and biological roles of many other FAHFAs remain currently unknown. Therefore, FAHFAs represent unique lipid messengers capable of affecting many immunometabolic processes. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge concerning the diversity of FAHFAs, nomenclature, and their analysis and detection. Special attention is paid to the total syntheses of FAHFAs, optimal strategies, and to the formation of the stereocenter required for optically active molecules. Biosynthetic pathways of saturated and polyunsaturated FAHFAs in mammals and plants are reviewed together with their metabolism and degradation. Moreover, an overview of biological effects of branched FAHFAs is provided and many unanswered questions regarding FAHFAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Brejchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Veronika Paluchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Brezinova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Liao T, Ding L, Wu P, Zhang L, Li X, Xu B, Zhang H, Ma Z, Xiao Y, Wang P. Chrysin Attenuates the NLRP3 Inflammasome Cascade to Reduce Synovitis and Pain in KOA Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3015-3027. [PMID: 32801641 PMCID: PMC7396814 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s261216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Our recent reports have revealed that inhibiting NLRP3 activation reduces synovial inflammation and fibrosis in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Synovial inflammation is involved the entire process of KOA and promotes the progression of KOA. Natural flavonoid Chrysin from Scutellariae Radix, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits multifarious biological activities and potentially has protective activity against osteoarthritis. However, the mechanism of Chrysin in the treatment of synovial inflammation remains elusive. The purpose of our research was to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of Chrysin on KOA, which was induced by monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) in rats by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in the hopes of identifying an effective drug to treat KOA. Methods The MIA-induced KOA model was used to evaluate the cold pain threshold and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of joints after MIA (40 mg/mL) injection into the knee joints. Microscopically, we used LPS (5 ug/mL) and ATP (4 mmol/L) to stimulate fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) to explore the underlying mechanisms and effects of Chrysin. Two staining methods, H&E and Sirius Red, were applied to assess histopathological changes in synovial membranes. Cellular signal transduction was determined by qRT-PCR and WB. Cytokine expression (inflammatory cytokines and pain-related cytokines) was detected by ELISA. The degree of chronic inflammatory pain was evaluated by c-Fos immunofluorescence. Results The results showed that Chrysin not only attenuated synovial inflammation but also reduced the secretion of pain-related factors and increased the PWT and cold pain threshold in rats. Chrysin also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased IL-1β levels to alleviate the synovitis. Conclusion Chrysin can relieve knee synovial inflammation and improve pain behavior in KOA rats, which may be related to the ability of Chrysin to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, Chrysin may be developed as a new drug for the treatment of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyang Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haosheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yancheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
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