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Yanbin F, Yilin T, Yaomin M, Deshuang X, Junhong Z, Gaofeng Z, Shaohui Z. Unveiling the potential of Butylphthalide: inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and preventing bone loss. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1347241. [PMID: 38464734 PMCID: PMC10922197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1347241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, resulting from overactive osteoclasts and leading to elevated fracture risk, has emerged as a global public health concern due to the aging population. Therefore, inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption function represents a crucial approach for preventing and treating osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and molecular mechanisms of Butylphthalide (NBP) on the differentiation and function of osteoclasts induced by RANKL. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed through TRAP staining and bone slice assay. An animal model that underwent ovariectomy, simulating postmenopausal women's physiological characteristics, was established to investigate the impact of Butylphthalide on ovariectomy-induced bone loss. To delve deeper into the specific mechanisms, we employed Western blot, PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of proteins that are associated with the osteoclast signaling pathway. In this study, we found that Butylphthalide not only suppressed osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro but also significantly decreased TRAcP-positive osteoclasts and prevented bone loss in vivo. Further mechanistic experiments revealed that Butylphthalide reduces intracellular ROS in osteoclasts, inhibits the MAPK and NFATc1 signaling pathways, and downregulates the key genes and proteins of osteoclasts. This inhibits osteoclast formation and function. The reduction in ROS in osteoclasts is intricately linked to the activity of Butylphthalide-modulated antioxidant enzymes. Overall, NBP may offer a alternative treatment option with fewer side effects for skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yanbin
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Spine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Teng Yilin
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mo Yaomin
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi Deshuang
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhou Junhong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zeng Gaofeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Hygiene of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zong Shaohui
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Spine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Ji H, Pan Q, Cao R, Li Y, Yang Y, Chen S, Gu Y, Qian D, Guo Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Xiao L. Garcinone C attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25601. [PMID: 38333852 PMCID: PMC10850749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the result of osteoclast formation exceeding osteoblast production, and current osteoporosis treatments targeting excessive osteoclast bone resorption have serious adverse effects. There is a need to fully understand the mechanisms of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, identify new drug targets, and find better drugs to treat osteoporosis. Gar C (Gar C) is a major naturally occurring phytochemical isolated from mangosteen, and is a derivative of the naturally occurring phenolic antioxidant lutein. We used an OP mouse model established by ovariectomy (OVX). We found that treatment with Gar C significantly increased bone mineral density and significantly decreased the expression of TRAP, NFATC1 and CTSK relative to untreated OP mice. We found that Garcinone C could disrupt osteoclast activation and resorption functions by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation as well as inhibiting the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts. Immunoblotting showed that Gar C downregulated the expression of osteoclast-related proteins. In addition, Gar C significantly inhibited RANKL-induced ROS production and affected NF-κB activity by inhibiting phosphorylation Formylation of P65 and phosphorylation and degradation of ikba. These data suggest that Gar C significantly reduced OVX-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and oxidative stress in bone tissue. Mechanistically, this effect was associated with inhibition of the ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Ji
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Qian Pan
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Ruihong Cao
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yunshang Yang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Daoyi Qian
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
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Yuan J, Yang L, Li M, Bai J, Cheng Y, Feng Y, Zhao J, Lu K. Protocol of the development of a core outcome set for stroke in multidimensional value assessment of traditional Chinese medicine. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079492. [PMID: 38238171 PMCID: PMC10806626 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is the most common cause of death in China. In Chinese clinical practise, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and integrative medicine have been widely used as adjuvant therapies for the treatment of stroke. However, their clinical effectiveness, particularly their clinical value, has been inconsistent in the literature mainly because various outcome measures have been used and reported in clinical research. Hence, obtaining a comprehensive list of outcomes for TCM value assessment is crucial for a multidimensional value assessment. Therefore, the main objective of this protocol was to develop an outcome set used in health technology assessment (HTA) decision-making for TCM treatment of stroke. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The outcome set will be developed in four phases: (1) we will perform a systematic literature review to identify candidate outcomes that have been previously measured in published studies; (2) we will develop a comprehensive list of outcome measures by conducting a multistakeholder semistructured interview; (3) we will conduct two-round Delphi surveys to prioritise outcomes for each HTA domain; and (4) we will finalise the outcome sets by holding a ratification meeting with multiple stakeholder groups. The developed outcome set should be measured and reported as the minimum set of outcomes for HTA assessment for the TCM treatment of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Minhang Hospital of Fudan University. Our findings will be shared at academic conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Minhang Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jingwen Bai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjie Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Drug Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kevin Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcome Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Yu X, Hu J, Yang X, Xu Q, Chen H, Zhan P, Zhang B. Sesamin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates LPS-induced osteolysis via suppression of ERK and NF-κB signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18056. [PMID: 37988238 PMCID: PMC10828734 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by bacterial products in the implant and endotoxin introduced by wear particles activate immune cells, enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and ultimately promote osteoclast recruitment and activity. These factors are known to play an important role in osteolysis as well as potential targets for the treatment of osteolysis. Sesamin has been shown to have a variety of biological functions, such as inhibiting inflammation, anti-tumour and involvement in the regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. However, the therapeutic effect of sesamin on osteolysis and its mechanism remain unclear. Present studies shown that in the condition of in vitro, sesamin could inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, as well as suppressing the expression of osteoclast-specific genes. Further studies on the mechanism suggest that the effect of sesamin on human osteoclasts was mediated by blocking the ERK and NF-κB signalling pathways. Besides, sesamin was found to be effective in treating LPS-induced osteolysis by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in vivo. Sesamin was non-toxic to heart, liver, kidney, lung and spleen. Therefore, sesamin is a promising phytochemical agent for the therapy of osteolysis-related diseases caused by inflammation and excessive osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research CenterNanchangChina
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research CenterNanchangChina
| | - Xinming Yang
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research CenterNanchangChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research CenterNanchangChina
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research CenterNanchangChina
| | - Ping Zhan
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research CenterNanchangChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Orthopedics DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research CenterNanchangChina
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Zhongheng DU, Wenjie C, Kejing T, Qiqi Z, Zhiwei S, Yong C, Su Y, Chunwu Z, Tianshen YE. Electroacupuncture stimulating Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6) in mice with collagen-induced arthritis leads to adenosine A2A receptor-mediated alteration of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:1103-1109. [PMID: 37946472 PMCID: PMC10623259 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulating Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6) on inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and the role of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and the p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in mediating this effect. METHODS Mice with collagen induced arthritis (CIA) received different treatments. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to determine the levels of multiple signaling molecules in these joints [receptor activator of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), p38α, NF-κB, and nuclear factor of activated T cells C1 (NFATc1)]. Osteoclasts were identified using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS The immunohistochemistry results indicated upregulation of p38α, NF-κB, and NFATc1 in the CIA-control and CIA-EA-SCH58261 groups, but reduced levels in the CIA-EA group. Western blotting indicated upregulation of RANKL, RANK, TRAF6, p38α, NF-κB, and NFATc1 in the CIA-control and CIA-EA-SCH58261 groups, but reduced expression in the CIA-EA group. Osteoclasts were more abundant in the CIA-control and CIA-EA-SCH58261 groups than in the CIA-EA group. CONCLUSIONS EA treatment enhanced the A2AR activity and inhibited osteoclast formation by inhibition of RANKL, RANK, TRAF6, p38α, NF-κB, and NFATc1. SCH58261 reversed the effect of EA. These results suggest that EA regulated p38α-MAPK signaling by increasing A2AR activity, which inhibited osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D U Zhongheng
- Department of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Cong Wenjie
- Department of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Tang Kejing
- Department of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zheng Qiqi
- Department of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Song Zhiwei
- Department of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen Yong
- Department of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhang Chunwu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics & Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Y E Tianshen
- Department of Acupuncture, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Xu Y, Song D, Lin X, Peng H, Su Y, Liang J, Hai N, Zhao J, Liu Q. Corylifol A protects against ovariectomized-induced bone loss and attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via ROS reduction, ERK inhibition, and NFATc1 activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 196:121-132. [PMID: 36649902 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation and function are critical targets for anti-osteoporosis treatment. Oxidative stress also plays an important regulatory role in the differentiation of osteoclasts. Corylifol A (CA) is a flavonoid extracted from the Psoralea fruit. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties despite its unknown effect on osteoporosis. This study found that CA prevented estrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss and suppressed osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In vivo, CA effectively prevented trabecular bone loss and reduced osteoclasts' number on the bone surface in OVX mice, as demonstrated in micro-CT, osteometry, and immunohistochemical data. However, CA did not affect cortical bone. In vitro, CA inhibited RANKL-induced podosome belt formation, osteoclastogenesis, and bone resorption functions. CA suppressed RANKL-induced ROS by boosting antioxidant enzymes (Catalase and NQO1) and NFATc1 signaling pathway related protein expression, including integrin αvβ3, NFATc1 and CTSK. Moreover, CA inhibited osteoclast-specific genes, including Ctsk, Acp5, and Mmp9. CA also attenuated the MAPK/ERK pathway, but did not affect the NF-κB signaling pathway. In terms of osteogenesis, CA did not inhibit or promote osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in vitro. These results reveal that CA could be a new replacement therapy for treating estrogen-deficiency osteoporosis via suppressing osteoclastogenesis and intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dezhi Song
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Orthopaedic, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuangang Su
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Na Hai
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Trauma Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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METTL3 Regulates Osteoclast Biological Behaviors via iNOS/NO-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021403. [PMID: 36674918 PMCID: PMC9862541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive differentiation of osteoclasts contributes to the disruption of bone homeostasis in inflammatory bone diseases. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), the core methyltransferase that installs an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on RNA, has been reported to participate in bone pathophysiology. However, whether METTL3-mediated m6A affects osteoclast differentiation in inflammatory conditions remains unelucidated. In this study, we observed that the total m6A content and METTL3 expression decreased during LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. After knocking down METTL3, we found reduced levels of the number of osteoclasts, osteoclast-related gene expression and bone resorption area. A METTL3 deficiency increased osteoclast apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein expression. RNA sequencing analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in METTL3-deficient cells were mainly associated with the mitochondrial function. The expression of the mitochondrial function-related genes, ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased after METTL3 knockdown. Moreover, the most obviously upregulated gene in RNA-Seq was Nos2, which encoded the iNOS protein to induce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. METTL3 knockdown increased the levels of Nos2 mRNA, iNOS protein and NO content. NOS inhibitor L-NAME rescued the inhibited mitochondrial function and osteoclast formation while suppressing osteoclast apoptosis in METTL3-silenced cells. Mechanistically, a METTL3 deficiency promoted the stability and expression of Nos2 mRNA, and similar results were observed after m6A-binding protein YTHDF1 knockdown. Further in vivo evidence revealed that METTL3 knockdown attenuated the inflammatory osteolysis of the murine calvaria and suppressed osteoclast formation. In conclusion, these data suggested that METTL3 knockdown exacerbated iNOS/NO-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting a Nos2 mRNA stability in a YTHDF1-dependent manner and further inhibited osteoclast differentiation and increased osteoclast apoptosis in inflammatory conditions.
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Bi C, Xu H, Yu J, Ding Z, Liu Z. Botanical characteristics, chemical components, biological activity, and potential applications of mangosteen. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15329. [PMID: 37187523 PMCID: PMC10178281 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana L. (Mangosteen), a functional food, belongs to the Garcinaceae family and has various pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. Mangosteen has abundant chemical constituents with powerful pharmacological effects. After searching scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Web of Science, VIP, Wanfang, and CNKI, we summarized the traditional applications, botanical features, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects of mangosteen. Further, we revealed the mechanism by which it improves health and treats disease. These findings provide a theoretical basis for mangosteen's future clinical use and will aid doctors and researchers who investigate the biological activity and functions of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jingru Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhinan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China
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