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Jennings C, Wynn J, Miguel C, Levinson E, Florido ME, White M, Sands CB, Schwartz LA, Daly M, O'Toole K, Buys SS, Glendon G, Hanna D, Andrulis IL, Terry MB, Chung WK, Bradbury A. Mother and Daughter Perspectives on Genetic Counseling and Testing of Adolescents for Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk. J Pediatr 2022; 251:113-119.e7. [PMID: 35777474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risks, benefits, and utility of testing for adult-onset hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in adolescents and young adults. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated interest in genetic testing of adolescents for adult-onset HBOC genes through semistructured interviews with mothers and adolescents who had previously participated in breast cancer research or had pursued (mothers) clinical testing for HBOC. RESULTS The majority of mothers (73%) and daughters (75%) were interested in the daughter having genetic testing and were motivated by the future medical utility and current social utility of relieving anxiety and allowing them to prepare. Mothers and daughters both reported that approximately 3 years in the future was the best time to test the daughter regardless of the current age of the daughter. Overall, both mothers and daughters expressed the importance of the involvement of the mother to provide educational and emotional support but ultimately it was the daughter's decision to test. Balancing the independence and maturity of the daughter while reinforcing communication and support within the dyad was a prominent theme throughout the interviews. CONCLUSIONS There is interest among some high-risk adolescents and young adults to engage in genetic counseling and undergo testing. Providing pretest and posttest genetic counseling, assessing preferences for parent involvement, and offering psychosocial support may be important if genetic testing for HBOC is offered to adolescents and young adults before age 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jennings
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Cecilia Miguel
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Elana Levinson
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Michelle E Florido
- Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Melissa White
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Colleen Burke Sands
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lisa A Schwartz
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen O'Toole
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gordon Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Hanna
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Angela Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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Cheng TS, Ong KK, Biro FM. Adverse Effects of Early Puberty Timing in Girls and Potential Solutions. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:532-535. [PMID: 35644513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the global secular declining trends of the age at puberty and its relevant mechanisms, as illustrated in the first part of this series, the present part will discuss the public health implications of early puberty and potential clinical and public health measures. Although the major effect of earlier maturation impacts adolescents' mental health and likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors, there are also effects in adulthood on cardiometabolic health, especially type 2 diabetes, and an increased risk of certain cancers, especially hormone-related cancers such as breast cancer. The paper ends with recommendations for clinical management, especially for girls who should receive further evaluation, as well as recommendations for the patient and her family and public health considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuck Seng Cheng
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frank M Biro
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
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3
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Prenatal Environmental Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Reproductive Hormone Profile and Pubertal Development in Dutch Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159423. [PMID: 35954780 PMCID: PMC9367960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), may interfere with hormonal processes. Knowledge about the effects of prenatal exposure to PCBs and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) on pubertal development is limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether prenatal environmental PCB and OH-PCB exposure are associated with reproductive hormone levels and pubertal characteristics in 13- to 15-year-old children. In this Dutch observational cohort study, 194 mother–infant pairs were included (1998–2002). Maternal pregnancy serum levels of PCBs, OH-PCBs, and other POPs were measured. At follow-up (2014–2016), we measured serum or plasma levels of reproductive hormones in their children. We assessed Tanner stages and testicular volume (by clinician or standardized self-assessment), and participants completed questionnaires on pubertal onset. In total, 101 adolescents (14.4 ± 0.8 years; 53.7% of invited) participated, and 55 were boys. In boys, higher prenatal PCB levels were associated with higher testosterone levels, higher pubic hair stage, larger testicular volume, and younger age at onset of growth spurt and voice break. In girls, higher prenatal PCB levels were associated with higher stages for breast development. In conclusion, higher prenatal PCB exposure could be associated with more advanced pubertal development in 13- to 15-year-old children.
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Goldberg M, McDonald JA, Houghton LC, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Bradbury AR, Schwartz LA, Buys SS, Frost CJ, Daly MB, John EM, Keegan THM, Chung WK, Wei Y, Terry MB. Maternal and prenatal factors and age at thelarche in the LEGACY Girls Study cohort: implications for breast cancer risk. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 52:272-283. [PMID: 35613015 PMCID: PMC9908055 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier onset of breast development (thelarche) is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Identifying modifiable factors associated with earlier thelarche may provide an opportunity for breast cancer risk reduction starting early in life, which could especially benefit girls with a greater absolute risk of breast cancer due to family history. METHODS We assessed associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), physical activity during pregnancy, gestational weight gain and daughters' weight and length at birth with age at thelarche using longitudinal Weibull models in 1031 girls in the Lessons in Epidemiology and Genetics of Adult Cancer from Youth (LEGACY) Girls Study-a prospective cohort of girls, half of whom have a breast cancer family history (BCFH). RESULTS Girls whose mothers had a pre-pregnancy BMI of ≥25 and gained ≥30 lbs were 57% more likely to experience earlier thelarche than girls whose mothers had a pre-pregnancy BMI of <25 and gained <30 lbs [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.12]. This association was not mediated by childhood BMI and was similar in girls with and without a BCFH (BCFH: HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.87, 2.27; No BCFH: HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.40). Daughters of women who reported no recreational physical activity during pregnancy were more likely to experience earlier thelarche compared with daughters of physically active women. Birthweight and birth length were not associated with thelarche. CONCLUSION Earlier thelarche, a breast cancer risk factor, was associated with three potentially modifiable maternal risk factors-pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and physical inactivity-in a cohort of girls enriched for BCFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Goldberg
- Corresponding author. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27709, USA. E-mail:
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren C Houghton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa A Schwartz
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Caren J Frost
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theresa H M Keegan
- Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT), Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Nguyen K, Pitiranggon M, Wu HC, John EM, Santella RM, Terry MB, Yan B. Improvement on recovery and reproducibility for quantifying urinary mono-hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1192:123113. [PMID: 35114472 PMCID: PMC8884719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and reproducible measurements of multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in urinary samples are required to evaluate the complex health effects of PAH exposure. Here, we demonstrate a highly practical, automated off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) of deconjugated hydroxylated PAHs followed by LC-MS/MS to simultaneously measure eight mono-hydroxylated PAH compounds: 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2&3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene. Initially, we observed low recovery rates (e.g., 16% for 1-hydroxypyrene) when using previously published methods. We optimized the procedure by choosing polymeric absorbent-based cartridges, automating the sample loading step by diluting samples with 15% methanol/sodium acetate, and most importantly, replacing acetonitrile with methanol as the eluting solvent. Optimized sample preparation has improved the recovery rates to more than 69% for analytes of interest. This improvement led to higher method sensitivity and detection frequency, especially for 1-hydroxypyrene, in all of 100 urine samples collected in the New York City site of the Legacy Girls Study. The limits of detection ranged from 7.6 pg/mL to 20.3 pg/mL using 1 mL of urine, compared to the 2 mL required in CDC, method 09-OD. The average coefficients of variance of quality control samples (n = 60) ranged between 7 and 21%; variance of repeated measurements (n = 45) was less than 10%. This efficient and reliable method for measuring PAH metabolites will greatly benefit epidemiology studies and biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khue Nguyen
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Masha Pitiranggon
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
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6
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Goldberg M, D'Aloisio AA, O'Brien KM, Zhao S, Sandler DP. Early-life exposures and age at thelarche in the Sister Study cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:111. [PMID: 34895281 PMCID: PMC8666031 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early age at breast development (thelarche) has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Average age at thelarche has declined over time, but there are few established risk factors for early thelarche. We examined associations between pre- and postnatal exposures and age at thelarche in a US cohort of women born between 1928 and 1974. METHODS Breast cancer-free women ages 35-74 years who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003 to 2009 (N = 50,884). At enrollment, participants reported information on early-life exposures and age at thelarche, which we categorized as early (≤ 10 years), average (11-13 years), and late (≥ 14 years). For each exposure, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for early and late thelarche using polytomous logistic regression, adjusted for birth cohort, race/ethnicity and family income level in childhood. RESULTS Early thelarche was associated with multiple prenatal exposures: gestational hypertensive disorder (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.43), diethylstilbestrol use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.45), smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13-1.27), young maternal age (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.47 for < 20 vs. 25-29 years), and being firstborn (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.17-1.33). Birthweight < 2500 g and soy formula use in infancy were positively associated with both early and late thelarche. CONCLUSIONS Associations between pre- and postnatal exposures and age at thelarche suggest that the early-life environment influences breast development and therefore may also affect breast cancer risk by altering the timing of pubertal breast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Goldberg
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | | | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Abstract
Onset of puberty, as defined by breast stage 2, appears to be starting at younger ages since the 1940s. There is an ongoing controversy regarding what is normative, as well as what is normal, and the evaluation that is deemed necessary for girls maturing before 8 years of age. There are potential implications of earlier pubertal timing, including psychosocial consequences during adolescence, as well as longer term risks, such as breast cancer and cardiometabolic risks. There are additional consequences derived from slower pubertal tempo, for age of menarche has not decreased as much as age of breast development; these include longer interval between sexual initiation and intentional childbearing, as well as a broadened window of susceptibility to endocrine-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby E Smith
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Frank M Biro
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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8
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McDonald JA, Cherubin S, Goldberg M, Wei Y, Chung WK, Schwartz LA, Knight JA, Schooling CM, Santella RM, Bradbury AR, Buys SS, Andrulis IL, John EM, Daly MB, Terry MB. Common Childhood Viruses and Pubertal Timing: The LEGACY Girls Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:766-778. [PMID: 33128063 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier pubertal development is only partially explained by childhood body mass index; the role of other factors, such as childhood infections, is less understood. Using data from the LEGACY Girls Study (North America, 2011-2016), we prospectively examined the associations between childhood viral infections (cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1, HSV2) and pubertal timing. We measured exposures based on seropositivity in premenarcheal girls (n = 490). Breast and pubic hair development were classified based on mother-reported Tanner Stage (TS) (TS2+ compared with TS1), adjusting for age, body mass index, and sociodemographic factors. The average age at first blood draw was 9.8 years (standard deviation, 1.9 years). The prevalences were 31% CMV+, 37% EBV+, 14% HSV1+, 0.4% HSV2+, and 16% for both CMV+/EBV+ coinfection. CMV+ infection without coinfection was associated with developing breasts an average of 7 months earlier (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 3.40). CMV infection without coinfection and HSV1 and/or HSV2 infection were associated with developing pubic hair 9 months later (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.71, and HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.81, respectively). Infection was not associated with menarche. If replicated in larger cohorts with blood collection prior to any breast development, this study supports the hypothesis that childhood infections might play a role in altering pubertal timing.
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9
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Knight JA, Kehm RD, Schwartz L, Frost CJ, Chung WK, Colonna S, Keegan THM, Goldberg M, Houghton LC, Hanna D, Glendon G, Daly MB, Buys SS, Andrulis IL, John EM, Bradbury AR, Terry MB. Prepubertal Internalizing Symptoms and Timing of Puberty Onset in Girls. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:431-438. [PMID: 33057572 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful environments have been associated with earlier menarche. We hypothesized that anxiety, and possibly other internalizing symptoms, are also associated with earlier puberty in girls. The Lessons in Epidemiology and Genetics of Adult Cancer From Youth (LEGACY) Girls Study (2011-2016) included 1,040 girls aged 6-13 years at recruitment whose growth and development were assessed every 6 months. Prepubertal maternal reports of daughter's internalizing symptoms were available for breast onset (n = 447), pubic hair onset (n = 456), and menarche (n = 681). Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated prospective hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between 1 standard deviation of the percentiles of prepubertal anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms and the timing of each pubertal outcome. Multivariable models included age, race/ethnicity, study center, maternal education, body mass index percentile, and family history of breast cancer. Additional models included maternal self-reported anxiety. A 1-standard deviation increase in maternally reported anxiety in girls at baseline was associated with earlier subsequent onset of breast (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.36) and pubic hair (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.30) development, but not menarche (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.07). The association of anxiety with earlier breast development persisted after adjustment for maternal anxiety. Increased anxiety in young girls may indicate risk for earlier pubertal onset.
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10
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Goldberg M, D'Aloisio AA, O'Brien KM, Zhao S, Sandler DP. Pubertal timing and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:112. [PMID: 33109223 PMCID: PMC7590599 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier age at menarche is an established risk factor for breast cancer. While age at menarche has been fairly stable over the past half-century, age at breast development (thelarche) has continued to decrease. Recently, earlier age at thelarche and a longer time between thelarche and menarche (pubertal tempo) were shown to be associated with increased breast cancer risk. Our objective was to examine how breast cancer risk was associated with pubertal timing and tempo in a prospective US cohort. Methods Women ages 35–74 years without a history of breast cancer, but who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer, were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003 to 2009 (N = 50,884). At enrollment, participants reported their ages at thelarche and menarche. Pubertal tempo was age at menarche minus age at thelarche. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each pubertal milestone and risk of breast cancer (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ) using Cox proportional hazards regression. We examined whether associations between age at thelarche and breast cancer risk were modified by birth cohort, race/ethnicity, weight at age 10, and extent of breast cancer family history, as characterized by a Bayesian score based on first-degree family structure. Results During follow-up (mean = 9.3 years), 3295 eligible women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Early ages at thelarche (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.46 for < 10 vs. 12–13 years) and menarche (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20 for < 12 vs. 12–13 years) were positively associated with breast cancer risk. Pubertal tempo was not associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.02 per 1-year longer tempo). When considering early thelarche (< 10 years) and early menarche (< 12 years) jointly, women with both had a 30% greater risk of breast cancer compared with women with neither risk factor (95% CI 1.07–1.57). The association between age at thelarche and breast cancer risk did not significantly vary by birth cohort, race/ethnicity, childhood weight, or Bayesian family history score. Conclusions Earlier ages at thelarche and menarche may enhance susceptibility to breast carcinogenesis. Age at thelarche is an important risk factor to consider given secular trends towards earlier development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Goldberg
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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11
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Acheampong T, Kehm RD, Terry MB, Argov EL, Tehranifar P. Incidence Trends of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes by Age and Race/Ethnicity in the US From 2010 to 2016. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2013226. [PMID: 32804214 PMCID: PMC7431997 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Breast cancer incidence trends by age and race/ethnicity have been documented; it is less clear whether incidence trends of breast cancer molecular subtypes, which differ in risk factors and prognosis, also vary by age and race/ethnicity. OBJECTIVE To estimate annual percentage changes and trends in breast cancer molecular subtype-specific incidence rates by age at diagnosis and race/ethnicity in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cross-sectional study included data from 18 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, capturing 27.8% of the US population. Hispanic and non-Hispanic White, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander women aged 25 to 84 years who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 2010 to 2016 were included. Data were analyzed from September 2019 to February 2020. EXPOSURES Age and racial/ethnic groups. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Annual percentage change (APC) and 95% CIs for age-standardized breast cancer incidence rates stratified by 15-year age groups at diagnosis and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Of 320 124 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2010 to 2016, 232 558 (72.6%) had luminal A, 35 869 (11.2%) had luminal B, 15 472 (4.8%) had ERBB2-enriched, and 36 225 (11.3%) had triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Luminal A breast cancer incidence rates increased in non-Hispanic White (APC from 2010-2014, 2.3%; 95% CI, 0.3% to 4.2%) and non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander (APC from 2010-2016, 2.5%; 95% CI, 0.6% to 4.5%) women aged 40 to 54 years, and in non-Hispanic Black women aged 55 to 69 years women (APC from 2010-2012, 4.9%; 95% CI, 4.0% to 5.7%). Luminal B breast cancer incidence rates increased in all age groups for non-Hispanic White women (age 25-39 years: APC, 4.3%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 7.%2; age 40-54 years: APC, 3.5%; 95% CI, 1.4% to 5.6%; age 55-69 years: APC, 3.3%; 95% CI, 1.6% to 5.0%; age 70-84 years: APC, 3.9%; 95% CI, 1.9% to 6.0%) and Hispanic women (age 25-39 years: APC, 8.4%; 95% CI, 5.8% to 11.2%; age 40-54 years: APC, 6.1%; 95% CI, 4.2% to 8.0%; age 55-69 years: APC, 5.1%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 8.8%; age 70-84 years: APC, 7.1%; 95% CI, 4.6% to 9.6%) and in non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander women aged 55 to 69 years (APC, 6.1%; 95% CI, 3.2% to 9.0%). ERBB2-enriched breast cancer incidence rates increased in non-Hispanic White women aged 25 to 39 years (APC, 4.7%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 8.0%). Triple-negative breast cancer incidence rates decreased in non-Hispanic White women aged 40 to 54 years (APC, -2.3%; 95% CI, -3.8% to -0.7%) and 55 to 69 years (APC, -3.6%; 95% CI, -5.1% to -2.1%) and in non-Hispanic Black women aged 55 to 69 years (APC, -1.4%; 95% CI, -2.2% to -0.7%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that between 2010 and 2016, luminal A and luminal B breast cancer incidence rates increased for many racial/ethnic and age groups, with the largest increases observed for luminal B breast cancer. ERBB2-enriched breast cancer incidence rates increased for young non-Hispanic White women, while triple-negative breast cancer incidence rates decreased for midlife non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black women. These trends may suggest changes in breast cancer risk factor profiles across age and racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofilia Acheampong
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca D. Kehm
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Erica Lee Argov
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Parisa Tehranifar
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Wu HC, Brennan LA, Goldberg M, Chung WK, Wei Y, Santella RM, Terry MB. Influence of pubertal development on urinary oxidative stress biomarkers in adolescent girls in the New York LEGACY cohort. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:431-441. [PMID: 32686531 PMCID: PMC7731215 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1798001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a time of intense growth and differentiation of breast tissue and a window of susceptibility (WOS) for breast cancer. Although oxidative stress markers have been associated with breast cancer risk, it is unclear whether oxidative stress levels are different during the pubertal WOS, and if so, whether these differences are related to breast cancer susceptibility. We measured urinary biomarkers of whole body oxidative stress (urinary F2-Isoprostanes and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)) in 158 girls (ages 6-13 years), 71 with and 87 without a breast cancer family history (BCFH) from a cohort of adolescent girls from the New York site of the LEGACY cohort (Lessons in Epidemiology and Genetics in Adults Cancer from Youth). We compared levels of urinary oxidative stress biomarkers (F2-Isoprostanes and 8-oxodG) across the pubertal window, defined by Tanner Stage (TS) of breast development, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally within girls over an 18-month follow up period. Urinary oxidative stress biomarkers were unrelated to pubertal stages in cross-sectional analyses after considering adjustments for body mass index (BMI) and BCFH. In our longitudinal analysis, we found that urinary 8-oxodG levels, but not F2-Isoprostane levels, increased with age in BCFH + girls (β = 6.12, 95% CI = 0.08-12.16) compared to BCFH-girls. Higher BMI was associated with higher level of F2-Isoprostane in both cross-sectional (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.0004-0.05) and longitudinal analysis (β = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.0002-0.05). These findings support that higher BMI increases oxidative stress biomarkers over the pubertal window and that there are changes in 8-oxodG oxidative stress biomarkers in girls with a BCFH compared to girls without a BCFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A. Brennan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics; Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Berghuis SA, Roze E. Prenatal exposure to PCBs and neurological and sexual/pubertal development from birth to adolescence. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2019; 49:133-159. [PMID: 31147261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several chemical compounds are resistant to degradation and end up in the food chain. One group of these chemicals is polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which are used as flame retardants and plasticizers. Although PCBs were banned several decades ago, PCBs are still found in environmental media, including in the body of humans. PCBs are transferred from mother to fetus via the placenta during pregnancy. Considering that the prenatal period is a sensitive period during which essential developmental processes take place, exposure to environmental chemicals might have considerable and permanent consequences for outcomes in later life. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the latest insights on the effects of prenatal exposure to PCBs on neurological, sexual and pubertal development in children. We give an overview of recent literature, and discuss it in the light of the findings in a unique Dutch birth cohort, with data on both neurological and pubertal development into adolescence. The findings in the studies included in this review, together with the findings in the Dutch cohort, demonstrate that prenatal exposure to PCBs can interfere with normal child development, not only during the perinatal period, but up to and including adolescence. Higher prenatal exposure to PCBs was found to be both negatively and positively associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Regarding pubertal development, higher prenatal PCB exposure was found to be associated with more advanced pubertal development, also in the Dutch cohort, whereas other studies also found delayed pubertal development. These findings raise concern regarding the effects of man-made chemical compounds on child development. They further contribute to the awareness of how environmental chemical compounds can interfere with child development and negatively influence healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske Annette Berghuis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elise Roze
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Houghton LC, Knight JA, Wei Y, Romeo RD, Goldberg M, Andrulis IL, Bradbury AR, Buys SS, Daly MB, John EM, Chung WK, Santella RM, Stanczyk FZ, Terry MB. Association of Prepubertal and Adolescent Androgen Concentrations With Timing of Breast Development and Family History of Breast Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e190083. [PMID: 30794303 PMCID: PMC6484611 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Early breast development is a risk factor for breast cancer, and girls with a breast cancer family history (BCFH) experience breast development earlier than girls without a BCFH. OBJECTIVES To assess whether prepubertal androgen concentrations are associated with timing of breast development (analysis 1) and to compare serum androgen concentrations in girls with and without a BCFH (analysis 2). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study of 104 girls aged 6 to 13 years at baseline using data collected between August 16, 2011, and March 24, 2016, from the Lessons in Epidemiology and Genetics of Adult Cancer From Youth (LEGACY) Girls Study, New York site. EXPOSURES Analysis 1 included serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and testosterone (free and total) measured before breast development and divided at the median into high and low categories. Analysis 2 included the degree of BCFH: first-degree was defined as having a mother with breast cancer and second-degree was defined as having a grandmother or aunt with breast cancer. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Analysis 1 included age at onset of breast development measured using the Pubertal Development Scale (scores range from 1-4; scores ≥2 indicate breast development), and analysis 2 included serum androgen concentrations. We also assessed breast cancer-specific distress using the 8-item Child Impact of Events Scale. RESULTS Our analyses included 36 girls for the prospective model, 92 girls for the cross-sectional model, and 104 girls for the longitudinal model. Of the 104 girls, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 10.3 (2.5) years, and 41 (39.4%) were non-Hispanic white, 41 (39.4%) were Hispanic, 13 (12.5%) were non-Hispanic black, and 9 (8.7%) were other race/ethnicity. Forty-two girls (40.4%) had a positive BCFH. Girls with prepubertal androstenedione concentrations above the median began breast development 1.5 years earlier than girls with concentrations below the median (Weibull survival model-estimated median age, 9.4 [95% CI, 9.0-9.8] years vs 10.9 [95% CI, 10.4-11.5] years; P = .001). Similar patterns were observed for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (1.1 years earlier: age, 9.6 [95% CI, 9.1-10.1] years vs 10.7 [95% CI, 10.2-11.3] years; P = .009), total testosterone (1.4 years earlier: age, 9.5 [95% CI, 9.1-9.9] years vs 10.9 [95% CI, 10.4-11.5] years; P = .001), and free testosterone (1.1 years earlier: age, 9.7 [95% CI, 9.2-10.1] years vs 10.8 [95% CI, 10.2-11.4] years; P = .01). Compared with girls without BCFH, girls with a first-degree BCFH, but not a second-degree BCFH, had 240% higher androstenedione concentrations (geometric means: no BCFH, 0.49 ng/mL vs first-degree BCFH, 1.8 ng/mL vs second-degree, 1.6 ng/mL; P = .01), 10% higher total testosterone concentrations (12.7 ng/dL vs 14.0 ng/dL vs 13.7 ng/dL; P = .01), and 92% higher free testosterone concentrations (1.3 pg/mL vs 2.5 pg/mL vs 0.3 pg/mL; P = .14). The dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentration did not differ between BCFH-positive and BCFH-negative girls but was elevated in girls with breast cancer-specific distress. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that androgen concentrations may differ between girls with and without a BCFH and that elevated hormone concentrations during adolescence may be another factor to help explain the familial clustering of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Houghton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld–Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Russell D. Romeo
- Psychology and the Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mandy Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld–Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela R. Bradbury
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Saundra S. Buys
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City
| | - Mary B. Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Esther M. John
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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15
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Houghton LC, Knight JA, De Souza MJ, Goldberg M, White ML, O'Toole K, Chung WK, Bradbury AR, Daly MB, Andrulis IL, John EM, Buys SS, Terry MB. Comparison of methods to assess onset of breast development in the LEGACY Girls Study: methodological considerations for studies of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:33. [PMID: 29669587 PMCID: PMC5907380 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Younger age at onset of breast development, which has been declining in recent decades, is associated with increased breast cancer risk independent of age at menarche. Given the need to study the drivers of these trends, it is essential to validate methods to assess breast onset that can be used in large-scale studies when direct clinical assessment of breast onset is not feasible. Methods Breast development is usually measured by Tanner stages (TSs), assessed either by physical examination or by mother’s report using a picture-based Sexual Maturation Scale (SMS). As an alternative, a mother-reported Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) without pictures has been used in some studies. We compared agreement of SMS and PDS with each other (n = 1022) and the accuracy of PDS with clinical TS as a gold standard for the subset of girls with this measure (n = 282) using the LEGACY cohort. We further compared prediction of breast onset using ROC curves and tested whether adding urinary estrone 1-glucuronide (E1G) improved the AUC. Results The agreement of PDS with SMS was high (kappa = 0.80). The sensitivity of PDS vs clinical TS was 86.6%. The AUCs for PDS alone and SMS alone were 0.88 and 0.79, respectively. Including E1G concentrations improved the AUC for both methods (0.91 and 0.86 for PDS and SMS, respectively). Conclusions The PDS without pictures is a highly accurate, sensitive, and specific method for assessing breast onset, especially in settings where clinical TS is not feasible. In addition, it is comparable to SMS methods with pictures and thus easier to implement in large-scale studies, particularly phone-based interviews where pictures may not be available. Urinary E1G can improve accuracy over than PDS or SMS alone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-0943-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Houghton
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Julia A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Kinesiology and Physiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mandy Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Melissa L White
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Karen O'Toole
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Wu HC, Do C, Andrulis IL, John EM, Daly MB, Buys SS, Chung WK, Knight JA, Bradbury AR, Keegan THM, Schwartz L, Krupska I, Miller RL, Santella RM, Tycko B, Terry MB. Breast cancer family history and allele-specific DNA methylation in the legacy girls study. Epigenetics 2018; 13:240-250. [PMID: 29436922 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1435243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Family history, a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, can have both genetic and environmental contributions. Shared environment in families as well as epigenetic changes that also may be influenced by shared genetics and environment may also explain familial clustering of cancers. Epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, can change the activity of a DNA segment without a change in the sequence; environmental exposures experienced across the life course can induce such changes. However, genetic-epigenetic interactions, detected as methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs; a.k.a. meQTLs) and haplotype-dependent allele-specific methylation (hap-ASM), can also contribute to inter-individual differences in DNA methylation patterns. To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with breast cancer susceptibility, we examined differences in white blood cell DNA methylation in 29 candidate genes in 426 girls (ages 6-13 years) from the LEGACY Girls Study, 239 with and 187 without a breast cancer family history (BCFH). We measured methylation by targeted massively parallel bisulfite sequencing (bis-seq) and observed BCFH DMRs in two genes: ESR1 (Δ4.9%, P = 0.003) and SEC16B (Δ3.6%, P = 0.026), each of which has been previously implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and pubertal development. These DMRs showed high inter-individual variability in methylation, suggesting the presence of mQTLs/hap-ASM. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms data in the bis-seq amplicon, we found strong hap-ASM in SEC16B (with allele specific-differences ranging from 42% to 74%). These findings suggest that differential methylation in genes relevant to breast cancer susceptibility may be present early in life, and that inherited genetic factors underlie some of these epigenetic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- a Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY.,b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University , New York , NY
| | - Catherine Do
- c John Theurer Cancer Center , Hackensack University Medical Center , Hackensack NJ
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- d Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Sinai Health System , Toronto , Ontario.,e Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Esther M John
- f Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont CA.,g Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology) , and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA
| | - Mary B Daly
- h Department of Clinical Genetics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- i Department of Medicine and , Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , UT
| | - Wendy K Chung
- j Departments of Pediatrics ; Department of Medicine , Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York , NY
| | - Julia A Knight
- d Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute , Sinai Health System , Toronto , Ontario.,k Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto
| | - Angela R Bradbury
- l Departments of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA
| | - Theresa H M Keegan
- m Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT).,n Division of Hematology and Oncology , University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento , CA
| | - Lisa Schwartz
- o Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA.,p The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA
| | - Izabela Krupska
- a Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY
| | - Rachel L Miller
- a Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY.,j Departments of Pediatrics ; Department of Medicine , Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York , NY
| | - Regina M Santella
- a Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY.,b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University , New York , NY
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- c John Theurer Cancer Center , Hackensack University Medical Center , Hackensack NJ.,q Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center , Georgetown University , Washington , DC
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- a Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY.,b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University , New York , NY.,r Imprints Center , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY.,s Department of Epidemiology , Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University , New York , NY
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