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Yu MV, Abdulcarim AB, Baligod MIN, Dela Cruz FSE, Ordoñez CJV, Garcia-Bertuso A. Bioefficacy of the ethanolic crude extract of the wild leek, Allium ampeloprasum L. (Amaryllidaceae), against the third and fourth larval stages of Aedes aegypti L. (Culicidae). Acta Trop 2024; 249:107067. [PMID: 37984549 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is a threat to vector control worldwide. In the Philippines, dengue burden remains significant, thus prioritizing the need to develop eco-friendly control strategies and tools against mosquito vectors. Various Allium species have been found to possess larvicidal activity against dengue-carrying mosquitoes. In this study, the larvicidal activity of the crude extract of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae) was studied in concentrations ranging from 1 to 10,000 mg/L against the third (L3) and fourth (L4) larval instars of Aedes aegypti L. Larval mortality at 48 h were subjected to probit analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test to estimate lethal concentrations and to determine significant means among the groups, respectively. Results show that the crude extract of A. ampeloprasum L. demonstrated larvicidal activity against the L3 and L4 Ae. aegypti L. Concentrations corresponding to 50% mortality (Lethal Concentration 50 [LC50]) among L3 and L4 larvae were estimated at 2,829.16 and 13,014.06 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, 90% mortality (LC90) in the L3 and L4 larvae were estimated at 9,749.75 and 57,836.58 mg/L, respectively. Only 1,000 and 10,000 mg/L for L3, and the 10,000 mg/L for L4, had comparable larvicidal action to the commercial larvicide used as a positive control. The results support the presence of bioactive compounds with larvicidal properties, thus suggesting A. ampeloprasum L. as a potential source of active ingredients for the development of a plant-based larvicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Villaseñor Yu
- College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
| | | | | | | | | | - Arlene Garcia-Bertuso
- Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
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Abdel-Haleem DR, Badr EE, Samy AM, Baker SA. Larvicidal evaluation of two novel cationic gemini surfactants against the potential vector of West Nile virus Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae). MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:483-490. [PMID: 36799890 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of insecticide resistance is a serious consequence of the widespread applications of synthetic insecticides. Recent studies have provided alternatives to currently available insecticides. Here, novel cationic gemini surfactants were synthesized to assess their insecticidal activities using laboratory and field strains larvae of Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae). The efficacy of these surfactants was compared to that of clove oil and spinosad. The two surfactants G1 and G2 showed good insecticidal activities in laboratory strain with LC50 0.013 and 0.054 ppm, respectively, relative to spinosad with LC50 0.027 ppm, 48 h posttreatment. Although spinosad showed high efficiency against lab strain, it exhibited a high resistance ratio (RR) of 15.111 and 13.111 toward the field strain at 24 and 48 h posttreatment, respectively. The two gemini surfactants have a good safety profile and low RR (RR <5), which is close to clove oil; however, G1 and G2 presented high activities with 11,043.230 and 2658.648 folds, respectively, compared to clove oil. The treated Cx. pipiens larvae showed severe morphological malformations after treatment with gemini surfactants. The results of this study are promising in terms of developing novel, effective, affordable, and safe approaches for mosquito control strategies to reduce the risk of arbovirus transmission, which remains a global public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa R Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Entsar E Badr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Girls Branch, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M Samy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sharbat A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Girls Branch, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao J, Xu Z, Gao P, Liu X. Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitory Effects of the Acetylcholinesterase of Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. Essential Oil. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1089. [PMID: 37509125 PMCID: PMC10377283 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the essential oil composition of Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl., grown in China, and to determine its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compounds were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. We used 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing assay power (FRAP) to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the essential oil was also examined. Sixty-seven compounds were identified, representing 98.50 % of the total essential oil, which was shown to be rich in methyl (9E,11E)-octadeca-9,11-dienoate (31.69%), n-hexadecanoic acid (15.08%), isopropyl palmitate (12.44%), propyl tetradecanoate (7.20%), tetradecanoic acid (4.01%), 17-octadecynoic acid (3.71%), and pentacosane (2.24%). Its antioxidant ability was analyzed via ABTS (IC50 = 721.95 ± 9.93 μg/mL), DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50 > 10,000 μg/mL), and the FRAP method (Trolox equivalent antioxidant concentration 39.64 ± 3.38 μM/g). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition effects were evaluated and had an IC50 value of 51.96 ± 14.26 μg/mL. The results show that this essential oil has interesting biological potential, encouraging further investigations, especially regarding the mechanisms of action of its antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. This is the first time that the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effects of essential oil from L. nervosa have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ziyue Xu
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Peizhong Gao
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
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Lim H, Lee SY, Ho LY, Sit NW. Mosquito Larvicidal Activity and Cytotoxicity of the Extracts of Aromatic Plants from Malaysia. INSECTS 2023; 14:512. [PMID: 37367328 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing control efforts, the mosquito population and diseases vectored by them continue to thrive worldwide, causing major health concerns. There has been growing interest in the use of botanicals as alternatives to insecticides due to their widespread insecticidal properties, biodegradability, and adaptability to ecological conditions. In this study, we investigated the larvicidal activity and cytotoxicity effects of solvent extracts from three aromatic plants-Curcuma longa (turmeric), Ocimum americanum (hoary basil), and Petroselinum crispum (parsley)-against Aedes albopictus. Subsequently, we examined the phytochemical composition of the extracts through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results revealed that the hexane extracts of O. americanum and P. crispum exhibited the greatest larvicidal activity with the lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) values (<30 µg/mL) at 24 h post-treatment, with the former found to be significantly less toxic towards African monkey kidney (Vero) cells. The GC-MS analysis of the said extract indicated the presence of different classes of metabolites, including phenylpropanoids, very long-chain alkanes, fatty acids and their derivatives, and terpenes, with the most abundant component being methyl eugenol (55.28%), most of which, have been documented for their larvicidal activities. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential use and development of bioinsecticides, particularly from O. americanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Lim
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Lee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yee Ho
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
| | - Nam Weng Sit
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia
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Casanova LM, Macrae A, de Souza JE, Neves Junior A, Vermelho AB. The Potential of Allelochemicals from Microalgae for Biopesticides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091896. [PMID: 37176954 PMCID: PMC10181251 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in agricultural productivity are required to meet the demand of a growing world population. Phytopathogens, weeds, and insects are challenges to agricultural production. The toxicity and widespread application of persistent synthetic pesticides poses a major threat to human and ecosystem health. Therefore, sustainable strategies to control pests are essential for agricultural systems to enhance productivity within a green paradigm. Allelochemicals are a less persistent, safer, and friendly alternative to efficient pest management, as they tend to be less toxic to non-target organisms and more easily degradable. Microalgae produce a great variety of allelopathic substances whose biocontrol potential against weeds, insects, and phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria has received much attention. This review provides up-to-date information and a critical perspective on allelochemicals from microalgae and their potential as biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Marques Casanova
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Sustainable Biotechnology and Microbial Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Elis de Souza
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Athayde Neves Junior
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Biotechnology Center-Bioinovar, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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Chinnasamy R, Govindasamy B, Venkatesh M, Magudeeswaran S, Dhanarajan A, Devarajan N, Willie P, Perumal V, Mekchay S, Krutmuang P. Bio-efficacy of insecticidal molecule emodin against dengue, filariasis, and malaria vectors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61842-61862. [PMID: 36934179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Emodin, a compound isolated from Aspergillus terreus, was studied using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and compound purity (96%) was assessed by TLC. Furthermore, high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti-AeA (LC50 6.156 and LC90 12.450 mg/L), Culex quinquefasciatus-CuQ (8.216 and 14.816 mg/L), and Anopheles stephensi-AnS larvae (6.895 and 15.24 mg/L) was recorded. The first isolated fraction (emodin) showed higher pupicidal activity against AeA (15.449 and 20.752 mg/L). Most emodin-treated larvae (ETL) showed variations in acetylcholine esterase, α and β-carboxylesterases, and phosphatase activities in the 4th instar, indicating the intrinsic differences in their biochemical changes. ETL had numerous altered tissues, including muscle, gastric caeca, hindgut, midgut, nerve ganglia, and midgut epithelium. Acute toxicity of emodin on brine shrimp Artemia nauplii (54.0 and 84.5 mg/L) and the zebrafish Danio rerio (less toxicity observed) was recorded. In docking studies, Emodin interacted well with odorant-binding-proteins of AeA, AnS, and CuQ with docking scores of - 8.89, - 6.53, and - 8.09 kcal mol-1, respectively. Therefore, A. terreus is likely to be effective against mosquito larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragavendran Chinnasamy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Balasubramani Govindasamy
- Department of Research & Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sivanandam Magudeeswaran
- Department of Physics, Centre for Research and Development, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arulbalachandran Dhanarajan
- Molecular and Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Devarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peijnenburg Willie
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vivekanandhan Perumal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 77, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Supamit Mekchay
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Ribeiro Neto JA, Alves SN, Lima LARDS. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained from edible vegetable oils: Larvicidal activity and melanization process in Aedes aegypti larvae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Hong TK, Lee SH, Shin JS, Jang KH, Na ES, Park CS, Kim CH, Kim JR, Balusamy SR, Perumalsamy H. Toxicological and molecular adverse effect of Illicium verum fruit constituents toward Bradysia procera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1131-1139. [PMID: 36358028 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradysia procera, a ginseng stem fungus gnat, is one of the most serious insect pests of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), causing significant damage to plant growth. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of phenylpropanoids (trans-anethole and estragole) isolated from the methanol extract and hydrodistillate of Illicium verum fruit against third-instar larvae and eggs of Bradysia procera. RESULTS The filter-paper mortality bioassay revealed that estragole [median lethal concentration (LC50 ) = 4.68 g/cm2 ] has a significant fumigant effect, followed by trans-anethole (LC50 = 43.92 g/cm2 ). However, estragole had the lowest toxic effect when compared to commercially available insecticides. After 7 days, estragole and trans-anethole at 75 g/cm2 inhibited egg hatchability up to 97% and 93%, respectively. At 0.09 g/cm2 , insecticides had an inhibitory effect on egg-hatching ability ranging from 88% to 94%. Furthermore, in both closed and open containers, these active constituents were able to consistently induce vapor-phased toxicity. Both estragole and trans-anethole have the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is involved in neurotransmitter function. However, the active constituent estragole from I. verum fruit acted as a potent AChE inhibitor and had a slightly lower effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) than octopamine alone. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that estragole may influence Bradysia procera neurotransmitter function via both the AChE and octopaminergic receptors. More research is needed to demonstrate the potential applications of I. verum fruit-derived products as potential larvicides and ovicides for Bradysia procera population control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Hong
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seop Shin
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Jang
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of efficacy, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Shik Na
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol-Soo Park
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ran Kim
- Plant Qurantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Qurantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | | | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tsounidi D, Soulis D, Manoli F, Klinakis A, Tsekenis G. AChE-based electrochemical biosensor for pesticide detection in vegetable oils: matrix effects and synergistic inhibition of the immobilized enzyme. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:615-625. [PMID: 36445454 PMCID: PMC9839810 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors have been widely deployed for the detection of a range of contaminants in different food products due to their significant advantages over other (bio)sensing techniques. Nevertheless, their performance is greatly affected by the sample matrix itself or by the matrix they are presented with in pretreated samples, both of which can impact the accuracy as well as the sensitivity of the measurements. Therefore, and in order to acquire reliable and accurate measurements, matrix effects and their influence on sensor performance should be taken into consideration. Herein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-modified electrochemical sensors were employed for the detection of pesticides in vegetable oils. Sensor interrogation with pretreated oil samples, spiked with carbofuran, revealed the inhibitory potential of the extracted matrix varies between different types of vegetable oil and their fatty acid content. In addition, synergies between the extracted matrix from different types of vegetable oils and the carbamate pesticide, carbofuran, were observed, which led to significant deviations of the sensor's performance from its anticipated behavior in buffered solution. Taking the aforementioned into consideration, appropriate calibration curves for each type of vegetable oil were drafted, which allowed for the highly reproducible determination of different pesticide concentrations in pretreated real samples. Collectively, a better understanding of AChE inhibition by single or multiple contaminants present in vegetable oils was gained, which can find many applications in numerous fields, ranging from sensor development to the design of new pesticides and medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Tsounidi
- grid.417975.90000 0004 0620 8857Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Soulis
- grid.417975.90000 0004 0620 8857Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotini Manoli
- Minerva SA Edible Oils & Food Enterprises, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Klinakis
- grid.417975.90000 0004 0620 8857Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Tsekenis
- grid.417975.90000 0004 0620 8857Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Leandro CS, Azevedo FR, Cândido EL, Alencar CH. Phytochemical prospection and larvicidal bioactivity of the janaguba (Himatanthus drasticus) Mart. Plumel (Apocynaceae) latex against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270143. [PMID: 37075427 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical prospecting and evaluate the larvicidal activity of Himatanthus drasticus latex extracts against Aedes aegypti. The extracts were obtained by maceration from 5 g of latex powder concentrated separately in 100 mL of methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane solvents. The concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm of each extract were tested in triplicate with a solution of pyriproxyfen as the positive control and distilled water and dimethylsulfoxide as the negative control. The phytochemical prospection of the methanolic extract showed the presence of phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, catechins, chalcones, aurones, leucoanthocyanidins, and condensed tannins. The insecticidal bioactivity was most significant for the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract lethal concentrations (LC) of 50 and 90% were 190.76 and 464.74 ppm, respectively. After 48 hours of exposure, the extracts using methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane at their highest concentrations (500 ppm) caused larval mortality of 100, 73.33, and 66.67%, respectively. These extracts also promoted changes in the external morphology of the larvae, such as damage to the anal papillae, darkening of the body, and reduction in the number of bristles. The methanolic extract showed greater expressivity for morphological changes. The latex of H. drasticus has larvicidal activity against third-stade larvae of A. aegypti and it is more significant when obtained through maceration in methanol. The methanolic extract of H. drasticus latex contains phenolic compounds with insecticidal activity against A. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Leandro
- Universidade Federal do Cariri, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - F R Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Cariri, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - E L Cândido
- Universidade Federal do Cariri, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - C H Alencar
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Biocontrol efficacy of apigenin isolated from Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) and its in silico studies. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Lee MW, Lee DH, Nam I, Lee JW, Huh MJ, Roh GH, Park IK. Acaricidal Activities of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae) Extract and its Constituents Against the Two-spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1921-1929. [PMID: 36287632 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The acaricidal activities of 86 plant extracts were investigated under laboratory conditions. The ethanol extract of Dioscorea japonica Thunb. root showed the strongest acaricidal activity, with 89.3% mortality against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch adults at a 2 mg/ml concentration. Bioassay-guided isolation of D. japonica root extract using silica gel open column chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified palmitic acid as the primary active compound. The acaricidal activities of palmitic acid against T. urticae were 91.2% and 69.7% at concentrations of 1 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. Among nine saturated fatty acids with carbon chains ranging from C8 to C26, the most vigorous acaricidal activity was observed with octanoic acid, followed by palmitic acid, and decanoic acid at a 1 mg/ml concentration. The acaricidal activity of the other fatty acids was less than 40% mortality at a 1 mg/ml concentration. These results indicate that a suitable carbon length is essential for fatty acids to exhibit acaricidal activity. The acaricidal efficacy of Eungjinssag (EJSG), an organic agricultural material authorized for the management of mites in the Republic of Korea, was compared to D. japonica root extract. At concentrations above 1 mg/ml, the acaricidal activity of D. japonica root extract was stronger than that of EJSG. The results of this study show that D. japonica root extract and palmitic acid are promising candidates as new environmentally-friendly control agents against two-spotted spider mite, which is one of the most severely damaging agricultural arthropod pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Woo Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Nam
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Huh
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hyun Roh
- Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Doll KM, Muturi EJ, Flor-Weiler LB. Combining TEMPO and methyl undecenoate to produce an effective anti-mosquito compound with convenient spin-labeling. Exp Parasitol 2022; 244:108440. [PMID: 36495953 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A general method to spin-label a fatty acid was demonstrated as well as an assay of the effectiveness of methyl 10-undecenoate and the spin-labeled version, against the larvae of Aedes aegypti. The LC50s were 66 and 58 μL/120 mL (55 and 48 ppm) respectively, and the LC90s were 108 and 90 μL/120 mL (113 and 90) ppm. This shows that the spin-label has very little effect on the larvicidal activity of the compound. This opens the possibility of the use of spin-labeling as a tool to determine mechanisms of larvicidal effectiveness, as it can be employed without altering the system under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Doll
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bio-Oils Research Unit, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
| | - Ephantus J Muturi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Lina B Flor-Weiler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
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14
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Mossa ATH, Mohamed RI, Mohafrash SM. Development of a ‘green’ nanoformulation of neem oil-based nanoemulsion for controlling mosquitoes in the sustainable ecosystem. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Marinho VH, Neves FB, Jimenez DE, Oliveira FR, Santos AVT, Ferreira RM, Souto RN, Carvalho JC, Yoshioka SA, Ferreira IM. Development of an environmentally friendly formulation of silk fibroin combined with fatty acid from Astrocaryum murumuru Mart. effective against Aedes aegypti larvae. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Ramadan GRM, Zhu KY, Phillips TW. Synergism of deltamethrin with a mixture of short chain fatty acids for toxicity against pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible strains of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105132. [PMID: 35715070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds used in stored product protection to control a wide range of pests. However, the development of resistance to deltamethrin in many pest species has been reported and useful research to overcome this problem is required. The present study investigated the possible synergistic effect of a commercial formulation of a mixture of the short chain fatty acids, octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acid, in a formulation called "C8910" on the lethal activity of deltamethrin against susceptible (Lab-S) and relatively pyrethroid-resistant (Pyr-R) strains of T. castaneum. The possible mechanisms of synergism were studied by investigating the inhibitory effect of C8910 on the activity of detoxification enzymes including cytochrome P450s, esterases, and glutathione S-transferases (GST). In addition, the possible role of C8910 in enhancement of cuticular penetration of deltamethrin through insect cuticle was studied using GC analysis. The results showed that C8910 enhanced the toxicity of deltamethrin at mixing ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 against the Lab-S strain after 24 and 48 h of exposure, and synergistic factors (SF) ranged between 5.69 and 13.59. C8910 also showed greater synergism on the deltamethrin toxicity against the resistant strain than the susceptible one after 24 and 48 h of treatment at 1:5 and 1:10 ratios with SF values ranging from 22.82 and 47.16. C8910 showed strong inhibition of cytochrome P450 of rat microsomal fraction with IC50 value of 6.24 mM. Meanwhile, C8910 inhibited the activity of general esterases in Lab-S and Pyr-R strains with IC50 values of 26.22 and 51.73 mM, respectively. However, weak inhibition of GST activity was observed with inhibition of 52.0 and 22.6% at concentration of 100 mM of C8910 for Lab-S and Pyr-R, respectively. In addition, the results showed no significant difference between the unpenetrated amounts of deltamethrin when insects were treated with deltamethrin alone or with deltamethrin+C8910 (1:20) through the insect cuticle. Results suggested that the synergism between C8910 and deltamethrin could be related to the ability of C8910 to inhibit the detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and esterases. Therefore, C8910 could be a promising synergist to enhance deltamethrin toxicity and to be a possible natural alternative for conventional synergists such as piperonyl butoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomaa R M Ramadan
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 6506, USA; Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 6506, USA
| | - Thomas W Phillips
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 6506, USA.
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17
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Patel DK, Patel K. Therapeutic importance and pharmacological activities of karanjin in the medicine for the treatment of Human disorders: A review through scientific data analysis. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220307113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds:
Plant and derived herbal drugs have been used in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various forms of human health complications since a very early age. Commercial products prepared from natural herbs have been always valuable for the society in the form of health supplement to medicament. In the ancient time, herbal products were mainly prepared from plants and their derived phytochemical. Plants contain a rich source of pure phytochemical called secondary metabolite and examples are flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and terpenoids etc. Plants and their parts including fruits, flowers, vegetables etc. are the best source of Flavonoid class phytochemicals.
Methods:
Present work summarized the scientific information of karanjin for their health beneficial aspects and pharmacological activities including its analytical aspects. In the present investigation, scientific data of karanjin have been collected from various scientific databases such as Google, Goggle Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed and analyzed to know the health beneficial aspects of karanjin in the medicine. Further pharmacological activity data has been collected and analyzed in the present work to know their biological potential in the medicine. Analytical methods used for the separation, isolation, and identification of karanjin for the standardization of different natural products have been also discussed in the present work.
Results:
Scientific data analysis signified the biological importance of Flavonoid class phytochemicals in the medicine as they are well known for their anti-ischemic, vasodilatory, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and anti-cancer activities. Scientific data analysis revealed the presences of karanjin in numerous medicinal plants such as Fordia cauliflora, Lonchocarpus latifolius, Millettia pinnata, Millettia pubinervis, Pongamia pinnata, and Tephrosia purpurea. Pharmacological activity data revealed the biological potential of karanjin against cancerous disorders, glucose metabolism abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, inflammatory disorders, colitis, psoriasis and brain related disorders. However, analytical data signified the importance of RP-HPLC, TLC, HPTLC, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HSCCC techniques in the medicine for the quantification of karanjin in different samples.
Conclusion:
Presented information about karanjin in this review paper will be beneficial to the scientific peoples of the world to know the health beneficial aspects of karanjin in the medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Densovirus Oil Suspension Significantly Improves the Efficacy and Duration of Larvicidal Activity against Aedes albopictus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030475. [PMID: 35336882 PMCID: PMC8954509 DOI: 10.3390/v14030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is the sole vector for various mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Ecofriendly biological agents are required to reduce the spread of these mosquito-borne infections. Mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) are entomopathogenic mosquito-specific viruses, which can reduce the capacity of isolated vectors and decrease mosquito-borne viral disease transmission. However, their variable pathogenicity restricts their commercial use. In the present study, we developed a series of novel larvicide oil suspensions (denoted Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) oil, Ae. albopictus densovirus (AalDV-5) oil, and a mixture of AalDV-5+Bti oil), which were tested against Ae. albopictus larvae under experimental semi-field and open-field conditions. The effect of AalDV-5 on non-target species was also evaluated. The combined effect of AalDV-5+Bti was greater than that of individual toxins and was longer lasting and more persistent compared with the laboratory AalDV-5 virus strain. The virus was quantified on a weekly basis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and was persistently detected in rearing water as well as in dead larvae. Wildtype densovirus is not pathogenic to non-target organisms. The present findings confirm the improved effect of a mixed microbial suspension (AalDV-5+Bti oil) larvicide against Ae. albopictus. The development and testing of these products will enable better control of the vector mosquitoes.
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19
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Molecular action of larvicidal flavonoids on ecdysteroidogenic glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo in Aedes aegypti. BMC Biol 2022; 20:43. [PMID: 35172816 PMCID: PMC8851771 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito control is a crucial global issue for protecting the human community from mosquito-borne diseases. There is an urgent need for the development of selective and safe reagents for mosquito control. Flavonoids, a group of chemical substances with variable phenolic structures, such as daidzein, have been suggested as potential mosquito larvicides with less risk to the environment. However, the mode of mosquito larvicidal action of flavonoids has not been elucidated. Results Here, we report that several flavonoids, including daidzein, inhibit the activity of glutathione S-transferase Noppera-bo (Nobo), an enzyme used for the biosynthesis of the insect steroid hormone ecdysone, in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. The crystal structure of the Nobo protein of Ae. aegypti (AeNobo) complexed with the flavonoids and its molecular dynamics simulation revealed that Glu113 forms a hydrogen bond with the flavonoid inhibitors. Consistent with this observation, substitution of Glu113 with Ala drastically reduced the inhibitory activity of the flavonoids against AeNobo. Among the identified flavonoid-type inhibitors, desmethylglycitein (4′,6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity in vitro. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of the flavonoids correlated with the larvicidal activity, as desmethylglycitein suppressed Ae. aegypti larval development more efficiently than daidzein. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the mode of action of flavonoids on the Ae. aegypti Nobo protein at the atomic, enzymatic, and organismal levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01233-2.
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20
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Sugauara EYY, Sugauara E, Sugauara RR, Bortolucci WDC, Fernandez CMM, Gonçalves JE, Colauto NB, Gazim ZC, Linde GA. Larvicidal activity of Brunfelsia uniflora extracts on Aedes aegypti larvae. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:1031-1037. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1844685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - ElisângelaYumi Sugauara
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Rumi Sugauara
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Graduate Programs in Clean Technologies, UniCesumar, Maringá, Maringá,Brazil
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation – ICET, UniCesumar, UniCesumar, Maringá, Maringá,Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Brazil
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21
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Plant-Based Bioinsecticides for Mosquito Control: Impact on Insecticide Resistance and Disease Transmission. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020162. [PMID: 35206735 PMCID: PMC8878986 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mosquito-borne diseases cause millions of deaths each year. There has been an increase in the use of insecticides to combat disease transmission caused by mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides have been effectively used to protect humans from mosquito bites through insecticide-treated mosquito nets, fabrics, and indoor sprays. Despite the considerable progress made in reducing mosquito borne diseases, extensive usage of insecticides has caused serious health problems to humans and animals, insecticide resistance or insensitivity in mosquitoes, and environmental damage. A success in the fight with mosquito disease transmission can only be accomplished by adequate and effective implementation of insecticide resistance monitoring and management programs globally. For this purpose, extensive research focuses on exploring insecticide resistance mechanisms in mosquitoes and how they get resistant to chemical applications over time. The search also focuses on novel compounds that are more effective, safer, and eco-friendly for improved management of mosquito vectors. In this review, we provide the current literature on the synthetic insecticides and how mosquitoes develop resistance to them, with further emphasis on bioinsecticides that could replace conventional synthetic insecticides. In this context, plant-based compounds are explained in detail with their potential applications to control mosquitoes. Abstract The use of synthetic insecticides has been a solution to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission for decades. Currently, no single intervention is sufficient to reduce the global disease burden caused by mosquitoes. Problems associated with extensive usage of synthetic compounds have increased substantially which makes mosquito-borne disease elimination and prevention more difficult over the years. Thus, it is crucial that much safer and effective mosquito control strategies are developed. Natural compounds from plants have been efficiently used to fight insect pests for a long time. Plant-based bioinsecticides are now considered a much safer and less toxic alternative to synthetic compounds. Here, we discuss candidate plant-based compounds that show larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. Our discussion also includes their mode of action and potential impact in mosquito disease transmission and circumvention of resistance. This review improves our knowledge on plant-based bioinsecticides and the potential for the development of state-of-the-art mosquito control strategies.
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22
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Marques SDG, Fernandes DA, Teles YCF, Menezes RPB, Maia MS, Scotti MT, Agra MF, Silva TMS, de Souza MDFV. Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell (Malvaceae): A Promising Source of Bioactive Sulfated Flavonoids Against Aedes aegypti L. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:760156. [PMID: 35069194 PMCID: PMC8782119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti L. is known as the most relevant vector mosquito for viruses such as yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika, especially in places with unplanned urbanization, and erratic water supply. Plants used in folk medicine have become a useful source of active compounds with the potential to control the dissemination of Ae. aegypti. Compounds isolated from Malvaceae sensu lato have been previously reported as larvicides, repellents, and insecticides. Recent studies have demonstrated the anti Ae. aegypti activity of sulfated flavonoids, an uncommon type of flavonoid derivatives. This research reports the phytochemical investigation of Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell, a Malvaceae species with the potential against Ae. aegypti. Chromatographic procedures resulted in the isolation of the compounds: stearic acid (1), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (2), acacetin (3), apigenin (4), tiliroside (5), along with the sulfated flavonoids: wissadulin (6), 7,4'-di-O-methyl-8-O-sulfate flavone (7), yannin (8), beltraonin (9a), 7-O-sulfate isoscutellarein (paniculatumin) (9b), and condadin (10). This is the first report of compound 7-O-sulfate isoscutellarein (9b). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (NMR, LC-HRMS and FT-IR). The sulfated flavonoids identified were submitted to a ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening against two targets: 1YIY (from adult Ae. aegypti) and 1PZ4 (from Ae. aegypti larvae). The results indicated that when the O-sulfate group is bearing the position 7, the structures are potentially active in 1PZ4 protein. On the other hand, flavonoids with the O-sulfate group bearing position 8 were showed to be more likely to bind to the 1YIY protein. Our findings indicated that S. paniculatum is a promising source of sulfated flavonoids with potential against Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sany D G Marques
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phytochemistry Prof. Dr. Raimundo Braz Filho, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Diégina A Fernandes
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phytochemistry Prof. Dr. Raimundo Braz Filho, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Yanna C F Teles
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Brazil
| | - Renata P B Menezes
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Maia
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcus T Scotti
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Exact and Nature Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Maria F Agra
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tania M S Silva
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Vanderlei de Souza
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Laboratory of Phytochemistry Prof. Dr. Raimundo Braz Filho, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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23
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Sharma S, Loach N, Gupta S, Mohan L. Evaluation of larval toxicity, mode of action and chemical composition of citrus essential oils against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Bharathithasan M, Ravindran DR, Rajendran D, Chun SK, Abbas SA, Sugathan S, Yahaya ZS, Said AR, Oh WD, Kotra V, Mathews A, Mohd Amin MF, Ishak IH, Ravi R. Analysis of chemical compositions and larvicidal activity of nut extracts from Areca catechu Linn against Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260281. [PMID: 34843539 PMCID: PMC8629262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing need to use green alternative larvicidal control for Aedes larvae compared to chemical insecticides. Substantial reliance on chemical insecticides caused insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Thus, research for alternate chemical compounds from natural products is necessary to control Aedes larvae. This study explores the analysis of chemical compositions from Areca catechu nut as a potential larvicide for Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae). Methods The Areca catechu nut collected from Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia was grounded into powder and used for Soxhlet extraction. The chemical analysis of the extracts and their structures were identified using the GCMS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu) system. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Chemistry WebBook, Standard Reference Database 69 (https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/) and PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), the two databases used to retrieve the synonyms, molecular formula, molecular weight, and 2-dimensional (2D) structure of chemical compounds. Next, following WHO procedures for larval bioassays, the extracts were used to asses larvicidal activity against early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Results The larvicidal activities were observed against early 4th stage larvae with different concentrations in the range from 200 mg/L to 1600 mg/L. The LC50 and LC95 of Aedes aegypti were 621 mg/L and 2264 mg/L respectively; whereas the LC50 and LC95 of Aedes albopictus were 636 mg/L and 2268 mg/L respectively. Mortality was not observed in the non-target organism test. The analysis using gas chromatography and mass spectrometer recovered several chemical compounds such as Arecaidine, Dodecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, Tetradecanoic acid <n->, and n-Hexadecanoic acid bioactive components. These chemical constituents were used as additive formulations in pesticides, pest control, insect repellent, and insecticidal agents. Conclusions Our study showed significant outcomes from the extract of Areca catechu nut and it deserves further investigation in relation to chemical components and larvicidal actions between different species of Aedes mosquitoes. Even though all these findings are fundamental, it may have some interesting potentials to be developed as natural bio-larvicidal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Bharathithasan
- School of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Integrated Life Science, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Dinesh Rajendran
- Insecticide Resistance Research Group (IRRG), School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sim Ka Chun
- School of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Integrated Life Science, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - S. A. Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sandheep Sugathan
- Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zary Shariman Yahaya
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abd Rahman Said
- Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Da Oh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vijay Kotra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Allan Mathews
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Intan H. Ishak
- Insecticide Resistance Research Group (IRRG), School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
- Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (IHI); (RR)
| | - Rajiv Ravi
- School of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Integrated Life Science, Quest International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (IHI); (RR)
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Muema JM, Bargul JL, Mutunga JM, Obonyo MA, Asudi GO, Njeru SN. Neurotoxic Zanthoxylum chalybeum root constituents invoke mosquito larval growth retardation through ecdysteroidogenic CYP450s transcriptional perturbations. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104912. [PMID: 34446188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular effects exerted by phytochemicals eliciting insect growth-retarding responses during vector control intervention remain largely underexplored. We studied the effects of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. (Rutaceae) (ZCE) root derivatives against malaria (Anopheles gambiae) and arbovirus vector (Aedes aegypti) larvae to decipher possible molecular targets. We report dose-dependent biphasic effects on larval response, with transient exposure to ZCE and its bioactive fraction (ZCFr.5) inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, inducing larval lethality and growth retardation at sublethal doses. Half-maximal lethal concentrations (LC50) for ZCE against An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti larvae after 24-h exposure were 9.00 ppm and 12.26 ppm, respectively. The active fraction ZCFr.5 exerted LC50 of 1.58 ppm and 3.21 ppm for An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti larvae, respectively. Inhibition of AChE was potentially linked to larval toxicity afforded by 2-tridecanone, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid), sesamin, β-caryophyllene among other compounds identified in the bioactive fraction. In addition, the phenotypic larval retardation induced by ZCE root constituents was exerted through transcriptional modulation of ecdysteroidogenic CYP450 genes. Collectively, these findings provide an explorative avenue for developing potential mosquito control agents from Z. chalybeum root constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya; Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology & Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Entomology, U.S Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Kenya (USAMRD-A/K), Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Joel L Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya; Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology & Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James M Mutunga
- Department of Entomology, U.S Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Kenya (USAMRD-A/K), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Meshack A Obonyo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - George O Asudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sospeter N Njeru
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research (CTMDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.
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Jahan S, Mahmud MH, Khan Z, Alam A, Khalil AA, Rauf A, Tareq AM, Nainu F, Tareq SM, Emran TB, Khan M, Khan IN, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Health promoting benefits of pongamol: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112109. [PMID: 34470730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived chemicals are a source of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Throughout the human civilization, these novel chemicals have led to the discovery of new pharmacological active agents. Research on herbal medicine is of great importance, as most of the active agents used for treating numerous diseases are from natural sources, while other agents are either semisynthetic or synthetic. Pongamol, a flavonoid, which is the main constituent of Pongamia pinnata, is one such active agents, which exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. Various in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that pongamol is a potentially active agent, as it exerts anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to give an up-to-date overview on the chemistry, isolation, bioavailability, pharmacological activity, and health benefits of pongamol. This review focuses on the medicinal and health promoting activities of pongamol, along with possible mechanisms of action. For this purpose, this review summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to pongamol as a therapeutic agent against several diseases. In addition, the review covers information related to the toxicological assessment and safety of this phytochemical, and highlights the medicinal and folk values of this compound against various diseases and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Hasan Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
| | - Syed Mohammed Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Muneeb Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Matiadis D, Liggri PGV, Kritsi E, Tzioumaki N, Zoumpoulakis P, Papachristos DP, Balatsos G, Sagnou M, Michaelakis A. Curcumin Derivatives as Potential Mosquito Larvicidal Agents against Two Mosquito Vectors, Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8915. [PMID: 34445622 PMCID: PMC8396198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases have appeared or re-emerged in many Southern Europe countries making the transmission of infectious diseases by mosquitoes (vectors) one of the greatest worldwide health threats. Larvicides have been used extensively for the control of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in urban and semi-urban environments, causing the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to commercial insecticides. In this study, 27 curcuminoids and monocarbonyl curcumin derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as potential larvicidal agents against Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus. Most of the compounds were more effective against larvae of both mosquito species. Four of the tested compounds, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin-BF2 complex and a monocarbonyl tetramethoxy curcumin derivative exhibited high activity against both species. In Cx. pipiens the recorded LC50 values were 6.0, 9.4, 5.0 and 32.5 ppm, respectively, whereas in Ae. albopictus they exhibited LC50 values of 9.2, 36.0, 5.5 and 23.6 ppm, respectively. No conclusive structure activity relationship was evident from the results and the variety of descriptors values generated in silico provided some insight to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Matiadis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiota G. V. Liggri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (P.G.V.L.); (N.T.)
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece; (D.P.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Niki Tzioumaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (P.G.V.L.); (N.T.)
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece; (D.P.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Papachristos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece; (D.P.P.); (G.B.)
| | - George Balatsos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece; (D.P.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Marina Sagnou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, 14561 Kifissia, Greece; (D.P.P.); (G.B.)
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Reegan AD, Kumar PS, Asharaja AC, Devi C, Jameela S, Balakrishna K, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal and ovicidal activities of phenyl acetic acid isolated from Streptomyces collinus against Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp Parasitol 2021; 226-227:108120. [PMID: 34089701 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bio-efficacy of crude ethyl acetate extract, fractions and a compound phenyl acetic acid from the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces collinus was evaluated on Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). The larvae were exposed to concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ppm for fractions and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm for compound. After 24 h, the larval mortality was assessed and the LC₅₀ and LC90 values were calculated. Similarly, per cent ovicidal activity was calculated for eggs after 120 h post treatment for phenyl acetic acid. Among the eleven fractions screened, fraction 7 from the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces collinus exhibited good larvicidal activity against both mosquito species. The LC50 and LC90 values of fraction 7 were 4.42, 6.23 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae and 5.13, 14.51 ppm against Ae. aegypti larvae, respectively. Further, the isolated compound, phenyl acetic acid from fraction 7 recorded 100% larvicidal activity at 2 ppm concentration with LC50 and LC90 values of 2.07, 4.87 ppm on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae and 3.81, 9.87 ppm on Ae. aegypti larvae, respectively. Phenyl acetic acid presented 50.3% and 42.0% ovicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti eggs at 2 ppm concentration after 120 h post treatment. The compound, phenyl acetic acid could be used in mosquito control programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appadurai Daniel Reegan
- National Centre for Disease Control, NTI Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 003, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pachaiyappan Saravana Kumar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510 301, Guangdong, China.
| | - Antony Cruz Asharaja
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar College, Melaneelithanallur, Tenkasi, 627 953, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Devi
- Department of Zoology, Sadakathullah Appa College (Autonomous), Rahmath Nagar, Tirunelveli, 627 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sithi Jameela
- Department of Zoology, Sadakathullah Appa College (Autonomous), Rahmath Nagar, Tirunelveli, 627 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kedike Balakrishna
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
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Singh A, Bhatt G, Gujre N, Mitra S, Swaminathan R, Limaye AM, Rangan L. Karanjin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112641. [PMID: 33421890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Karanjin [IUPAC: 3-methoxy-2-phenylfuro-(2,3-h-chrome-4-ol)], a bioactive furanoflavonoid and a potent biomolecule, was first isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L.). The crude extracts from root, leaf and seed having active constituent karanjin is highly valued in both traditional and modern knowledge systems. This review highlights, critically assesses, and presents the probable biosynthetic pathways of karanjin and its isolation methodologies with a view to actualizing its full potential. Karanjin exhibits multiple health benefits and applications, with evident anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-colitis, anti-ulcer, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Consequently, the physiochemical properties and biological effects of karanjin have been detailed and analyzed. The efficacy of karanjin has been attenuated by toxicological studies that have proven karanjin to be non-toxic at physiological conditions as substantiated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the multiple insect repellent/insecticidal properties of karanjin and its availability as an acaricide/bio-insecticide have been reviewed. This review article underscores and endorses the immense potential for novel drug leads in various medicinal and industrial applications, suggesting a deeper insight into its metabolic fate, bioavailability, and cellular effects that await further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - G Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - N Gujre
- Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - S Mitra
- Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - R Swaminathan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - A M Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - L Rangan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India; Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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30
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Hamed ANE, Abdelaty NA, Attia EZ, Amin MN, Ali TFS, Afifi AH, Abdelmohsen UR, Desoukey SY. Antiproliferative potential of moluccella laevis L. aerial parts family lamiaceae (labiatae), supported by phytochemical investigation and molecular docking study. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1391-1395. [PMID: 33487065 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1876046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current biologically guided study aimed the in vitro investigation of cytotoxic activity, identification of the phytochemical content of Moluccella laevis L. aerial parts and supporting this activity by a molecular docking study. Aqueous fraction demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic effect against CACO-2 with IC50 = 0.067 ± 0.01 μg/mL. Furthermore, EtOAc fraction showed a remarkable cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 = 0.35 ± 0.02 μg/mL. Consequently, total ethanolic extract (TEE) and its fractions were subjected to LC-HR-ESI-MS metabolic profiling to discover the constituents that possibly underlie their cytotoxicity. Twenty compounds were tentatively identified from metabolic analysis. Furthermore, eight compounds were isolated. In silico docking study revealed that stachydrine is more likely to account for the antiproliferative activity of both EtOAc and aqueous fractions, probably via its moderate inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N E Hamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nousiba A Abdelaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Eman Z Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Afifi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Usama R Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | - Samar Y Desoukey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Single Cell Oil (SCO)-Based Bioactive Compounds: I-Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amides Using SCOs as Acyl Group Donors and Their Biological Activities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:822-845. [PMID: 33191449 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are of great interest due to their broad industrial applications. They can be synthesized enzymatically with many advantages over chemical synthesis. In this study, the fatty acid moieties of lipids of Cunninghamella echinulata ATHUM 4411, Umbelopsis isabellina ATHUM 2935, Nannochloropsis gaditana CCAP 849/5, olive oil, and an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate were converted into their fatty acid methyl esters and used in the FAA (i.e., ethylene diamine amides) enzymatic synthesis, using lipases as biocatalysts. The FAA synthesis, monitored using in situ NMR, FT-IR, and thin-layer chromatography, was catalyzed efficiently by the immobilized Candida rugosa lipase. The synthesized FAAs exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity, especially those containing oleic acid in high proportions (i.e., derived from olive oil and U. isabellina oil), against several human pathogenic microorganisms, insecticidal activity against yellow fever mosquito, especially those of C. echinulata containing gamma-linolenic acid, and anticancer properties against SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line, especially those containing EPA in their structures (i.e., EPA concentrate and N. gaditana oil). We conclude that FAAs can be efficiently synthesized using microbial oils of different fatty acid composition and used in specific biological applications.
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32
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Ali F, Chorsiya A, Anjum V, Khasimbi S, Ali A. A systematic review on phytochemicals for the treatment of dengue. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1782-1816. [PMID: 33118251 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is prevalent in subtopic regions, producing mortality and morbidity worldwide, which have been of major concern to different governments and World Health Organization. The search of new anti-dengue agents from phytochemicals was assumed to be highly emergent in past. The phytochemicals have been used in wide distribution of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand of the phytochemicals is based on the medicines which are mostly considered to be safer, less harmful than synthetic drugs and nontoxic. This review mentions majorly about the phytochemicals potentially inhibiting dengue fever around the world. The phytochemicals have been isolated from different species, have potential for the treatment of dengue. Different crude extracts and essential oils obtained from different species showed a broad activity against different phytochemicals. The current studies showed that natural products represent a rich source of medicines toward the dengue fever. Furthermore, ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigation established identified natural plants species in the development of drug discovery to control the dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraat Ali
- Department of Inspection and Licensing, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anushma Chorsiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Karthi S, Uthirarajan K, Manohar V, Venkatesan M, Chinnaperumal K, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Krutmuang P. Larvicidal Enzyme Inhibition and Repellent Activity of Red Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata (Lam.) Leaf Extracts and Their Biomolecules Against Three Medically Challenging Arthropod Vectors. Molecules 2020; 25:E3844. [PMID: 32847069 PMCID: PMC7504580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The larvicidal potential of crude leaf extracts of Rhizophora mucronata, the red mangrove, using diverse solvent extracts of the plant against the early fourth instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors was analyzed. The acetone extract of R. mucronata showed the greatest efficacy: for Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 0.13 mg/mL; LC90 = 2.84 mg/mL), An. stephensi (LC50 = 0.34 mg/mL; LC90 = 6.03 mg/mL), and Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 0.11 mg/mL; LC90 = 1.35 mg/mL). The acetone extract was further fractionated into four fractions and tested for its larvicidal activity. Fraction 3 showed stronger larvicidal activity against all the three mosquito larvae. Chemical characterization of the acetone extract displayed the existence of several identifiable compounds like phytol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane, eicosanoic acid etc. Enzyme assay displayed that R. mucronata active F3-fractions exert divergent effects on all three mosquitos' biochemical defensive mechanisms. The plant fractions displayed significant repellent activity against all the three mosquito vectors up to the maximum repellent time of 210 min. Thus, the bioactive molecules in the acetone extract of R. murconata leaves showed significant larvicidal and enzyme inhibitory activity and displayed novel eco-friendly tool for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengodan Karthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tiruchengode Tamil Nadu 637 215, India; (S.K.); (K.U.); (V.M.)
| | - Karthic Uthirarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tiruchengode Tamil Nadu 637 215, India; (S.K.); (K.U.); (V.M.)
| | - Vinothkumar Manohar
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tiruchengode Tamil Nadu 637 215, India; (S.K.); (K.U.); (V.M.)
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai Tamil Nadu 603 103, India
| | | | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai Tamil Nadu 600 054, India;
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Liu J, Fernandez D, Gao Y, Silvie P, Gao Y, Dai G. Enzymology, Histological and Ultrastructural Effects of Ar-Turmerone on Culex pipiens pallens Larvae. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060336. [PMID: 32486189 PMCID: PMC7349101 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our previous article demonstrated that ar-turmerone ((6S)-2-methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)-2-hepten-4-one) extracted from Curcuma longa L. has a significant larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens. To reveal the effects of ar-turmerone on C. pipiens pallens larvae, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the histological and ultrastructure changes in muscle and digestive tissues of fourth instar larvae. It was also revealed by detecting the activity of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and three detoxifying enzymes, including carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Cytochrome P450 monooxidases (P450). The observation under the light microscope showed that the larvae displayed a disruption of myofibril in ventral muscle cells, the disappearance of nucleolus in the malpighian tubule cells, and the exfoliation of the brush border in midgut epithelial cells, 24 h after treatment. The observation under the transmission electron microscope displayed disorganized Z-lines in the ventral muscle cells, and dissolved membrane of mitochondria, nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum in abdominal cells. The enzymatic activity results showed that ar-turmerone significantly increased the level of detoxifying enzymes, while the activity of AChE was not obviously affected. All the results suggest that the larvicidal mechanism of ar-turmerone is estimated to be stomach poison and the active sites might be the muscle and digestive tissues, and the mode of action of ar-turmerone may be unrelated to AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Health and Natural Products, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Diana Fernandez
- IRD, Cirad, University of Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Yanjin Gao
- Laboratory of Plant Health and Natural Products, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Pierre Silvie
- IRD, UMR IPME, 34AA001 Montpellier, France;
- AIDA, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CEDEX, BP 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Yongdong Gao
- Shanghai Agriculture Extension and Service Center, Shanghai 201103, China;
| | - Guanghui Dai
- Laboratory of Plant Health and Natural Products, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (J.L.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Yilmaz‐Oral D, Onder A, Gur S, Carbonell‐Barrachina ÁA, Kaya‐Sezginer E, Oztekin CV, Zor M. The beneficial effect of clove essential oil and its major component, eugenol, on erectile function in diabetic rats. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13606. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Yilmaz‐Oral
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Alev Onder
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ángel A. Carbonell‐Barrachina
- Department of Agro‐Food Technology Research Group ‘Food Quality and Safety’Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Ecem Kaya‐Sezginer
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Cetin Volkan Oztekin
- Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Kyrenia Girne‐TRNC, Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Murat Zor
- Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Lokman Hekim University Ankara Turkey
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Wang Z, Yang R, Li P, Yang Z, Ling R, Shen T, Peng W, Yang Q, Yan J. A homoisoflavonoid and a fatty acid in common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) synergistically inhibit growth of Spodoptera litura larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1513-1522. [PMID: 31677235 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portulaca oleracea L., common purslane, is an insecticidal plant that has been documented as a 'Chinese indigenous pesticide', and it is seldom visited by insects in the field. However, identification of anti-insect compounds and mechanisms of action are still unclear. RESULTS Interplanting purslane with Chinese cabbage demonstrated that purslane may contain secondary compounds that S. litura avoids eating. Four compounds were isolated from P. oleracea by directed anti-insect activity, and their chemical structures were identified by NMR spectra as (9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid (1), portulacanone A (2), portulacanone D (3), and a new natural product 2,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxychalcone (4). A combination of compound 1 and 2 possessed stronger activity than other combinations (compounds 1 + 3; 1 + 4; 2 + 3; 2 + 4; 3 + 4). Both active compounds were detected in all samples from 23 regions in China, and concentrations in samples collected from 17 regions were generally above 500 μg/kg. Concentrations of compounds 1 and 2 fluctuated greatly from April to November, and reached maximum concentrations of 45 951.44 μg/kg for compound 1 and 3739.09 μg/kg for compound 2 in November. The combination of these compounds (1 + 2) caused mid-gut structural deformation and tissue decay as determined by mid-gut histopathology of S. litura. CONCLUSION In general, these active compounds coexisting contributed to partly protect purslane from insects. This research also provides new insights into the use of purslane as important ingredient of botanical pesticide alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruimei Ling
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tunkai Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/Comprehensive Experimental Station of Guangzhou, Chinese Material Medica, China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21-16)/Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice & Comprehensive Agricultural Development Engineering Technology of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/Comprehensive Experimental Station of Guangzhou, Chinese Material Medica, China Agriculture Research System (CARS-21-16)/Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials/School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Gaspar MC, de Sousa HC, Seabra IJ, Braga ME. Environmentally-safe scCO2 P. pinaster branches extracts: Composition and properties. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mohankumara PB, Thakare SP, Guna V, Arpitha GR. Millettia pinnata: a study on the extraction of fibers and reinforced composites. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this work, the potential for using Millettia pinnata stalk for extracting cellulosic natural fibers and its subsequent use in reinforced composites was studied. The extracted fibers were characterized for its composition, mechanical, thermal stability and morphological properties. Compositional analysis showed that the fibers possessed 54% cellulose, 12% hemicellulose, 15% lignin and 11% ash. The tensile strength of the fiber was 310 MPa, which is comparable to cotton and linen. The tensile strength of the M. pinnata fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites was 17.96 MPa which was similar to other natural fiber-based composites. M. pinnata fibers appear promising for a wide range of applications including textiles and other typical composites applications.
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Suresh M, Jeevanandam J, Chan YS, Danquah MK, Kalaiarasi JMV. Opportunities for Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as a Potential Mosquitocide. BIONANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Boniface PK, Ferreira EI. Flavonoids as efficient scaffolds: Recent trends for malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2473-2517. [PMID: 31441148 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endemic in 149 tropical and subtropical countries, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than 1 billion people annually with over 500,000 deaths. Among the NTDs, some of the most severe consist of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue. The impact of the combined NTDs closely rivals that of malaria. According to the World Health Organization, 216 million cases of malaria were reported in 2016 with 445,000 deaths. Current treatment options are associated with various limitations including widespread drug resistance, severe adverse effects, lengthy treatment duration, unfavorable toxicity profiles, and complicated drug administration procedures. Flavonoids are a class of compounds that has been the subject of considerable scientific interest. New developments of flavonoids have made promising advances for the potential treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue, with less toxicity, high efficacy, and improved bioavailability. This review summarizes the current standings of the use of flavonoids to treat malaria and neglected diseases such as leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue. Natural and synthetic flavonoids are leading compounds that can be used for developing antiprotozoal and antiviral agents. However, detailed studies on toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of action of these compounds are required to confirm the in vitro pharmacological claims of flavonoids for pharmaceutical applications. HIGHLIGHTS: In the current review, we have tried to compile recent discoveries on natural and synthetic flavonoids as well as their implication in the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and dengue. A total of 373 (220 natural and 153 synthetic) flavonoids have been evaluated for antimalarial, antileishmanial, antichagasic, and antidengue activities. Most of these flavonoids showed promising results against the above diseases. Reports on molecular modeling of flavonoid compounds to the disease target indicated encouraging results. Flavonoids can be prospected as potential leads for drug development; however, more rigorously designed studies on toxicity and pharmacokinetics, as well as the quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of these compounds, need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pone Kamdem Boniface
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Igne Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Osanloo M, Sedaghat MM, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Amani A. Plant-Derived Essential Oils; Their Larvicidal Properties and Potential Application for Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1532. [PMID: 34466524 PMCID: PMC8344124 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are currently considered as important threats to human health in subtropical and tropical regions. Resistance to synthetic larvicides in different species of mosquitoes, as well as environmental pollution, are the most common adverse effects of excessive use of such agents. Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) with various chemical entities have a lower chance of developing resistance. So far, no proper classification based on lethal concentration at 50% (LC50) has been made for the larvicidal activity of EOs against different species of Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. To better understand the problem, a summary of the most common mosquito-borne diseases have been made. Related articles were gathered, and required information such as scientific name, used part(s) of plant, target species and LC50 values were extracted. 411 LC50 values were found about the larvicidal activity of EOs against different species of mosquitoes. Depending on the obtained results in each species, LC50 values were summarized as follows: 24 EOs with LC50 < 10 µg/mL, 149 EOs with LC50 in range of 10- 50 µg/mL, 143 EOs having LC50 within 50- 100 µg/mL and 95 EOs showing LC50 > 100 µg/mL. EOs of Callitris glaucophylla and Piper betle against Ae. aegypti, Tagetes minuta against An. gambiae, and Cananga odorata against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. dirus having LC50 of ~ 1 µg/mL were potentially comparable to synthetic larvicides. It appears that these plants could be considered as candidates for botanical larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Amir Amani, Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Telephone Number: 00982143052130 Email Address:
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de Souza Wuillda ACJ, Campos Martins RC, Costa FDN. Larvicidal Activity of Secondary Plant Metabolites inAedes aegyptiControl: An Overview of the Previous 6 Years. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19862893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the main transmitter of several arboviruses, mainly dengue. It occurs, recently, in more than 100 countries and majority of the world population lives in areas of mosquito incidence, marking its control relevant and necessary. Presently, the main form of vector control is the use of synthetic insecticides; however, its continuous application has led to inefficiency due to resistance development. Based on this fact, the insecticides from natural sources appear as a friendly alternative for man and the environment. This study provides an overview of the larvicidal compounds isolated from plant extracts while controlling A. aegypti, in the previous 6 years (2013-2018), and aims to impart more knowledge regarding the described metabolites and to encourage the search for new bioactive compounds. In addition, the proposals for mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships that may justify the larvicidal potential are also discussed.
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Santhosh S, Manivannan N, Ragavendran C, Mathivanan N, Natarajan D, Hemalatha N, Dhandapani R. Growth optimization, free radical scavenging and antibacterial potential of
Chlorella
sp. SRD3 extracts against clinical isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:481-494. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Santhosh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences Periyar University Salem Tamil Nadu India
| | - N. Manivannan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - C. Ragavendran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences Periyar University Salem Tamil Nadu India
| | - N. Mathivanan
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences Periyar University Salem Tamil Nadu India
| | - N. Hemalatha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences Periyar University Salem Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Dhandapani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences Periyar University Salem Tamil Nadu India
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Njoroge TM, Berenbaum MR. Laboratory Evaluation of Larvicidal and Oviposition Deterrent Properties of Edible Plant Oils for Potential Management of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Drinking Water Containers. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1055-1063. [PMID: 30855084 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) transmits several devastating arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus, making development of inexpensive and eco-friendly strategies for its control an urgent priority. We evaluated the lethality of 13 commonly used plant-derived edible oils against late-third instar Ae. aegypti and then tested the three most lethal oils for stage-specific differences in lethality. We also examined the effects of the most lethal (hempseed), moderately lethal (sunflower and peanut), and least lethal (olive) oils on survival to adulthood and oviposition behavior of gravid females. We hypothesized that the insecticidal activity of edible oils is a function of the content of their linoleic acid, a key fatty acid component with film-forming properties. Among the 13 oils tested, hempseed oil was the most lethal, with an LC50 of 348.25 ppm, followed by sesame (670.44 ppm) and pumpkinseed (826.91 ppm) oils. Oils with higher linoleic acid content were more lethal to larvae than those with low linoleic acid content. Furthermore, pure concentrated linoleic acid was more lethal to larvae compared to any edible oil. In comparison to early instars, late instars were more susceptible to hempseed, sunflower, peanut, and olive oils; these oils also acted as oviposition deterrents, with effective repellency ≥63%. The proportion of larvae surviving to adulthood was significantly reduced in hempseed, sunflower, peanut, and olive oil treatments relative to controls. Our results suggest that some edible plant oils have potential as effective, eco-friendly larvicides, and oviposition deterrents for controlling container-dwelling mosquitoes, especially in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia M Njoroge
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - May R Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Larvicidal Compounds Extracted from Helicteres velutina K. Schum (Sterculiaceae) Evaluated against Aedes aegypti L. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122315. [PMID: 31234501 PMCID: PMC6631904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicteres velutina K. Schum (Sterculiaceae), a member of Malvaceae sensu lato, is a Brazilian endemic plant that has been used by the indigenous tribe Pankarare as an insect repellent. A previous study has reported the isolation of terpenoids, flavonoids and pheophytins, in addition to the larvicidal activity of crude H. velutina extracts derived from the aerial components (leaves, branches/twigs, and flowers). The present study reports the biomonitoring of the effects of fractions and isolated compounds derived from H. velutina against A. aegypti fourth instar larvae. A crude ethanol extract was submitted to liquid–liquid extraction with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain their respective fractions. Larvicidal evaluations of the fractions were performed, and the hexane and dichloromethane fractions exhibited greater activities than the other fractions, with LC50 (50% lethal concentration) values of 3.88 and 5.80 mg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical study of these fractions resulted in the isolation and identification of 17 compounds. The molecules were subjected to a virtual screening protocol, and five molecules presented potential larvicidal activity after analyses of their applicability domains. When molecular docking was analysed, only three of these compounds showed an ability to bind with sterol carrier protein-2 (1PZ4), a protein found in the larval intestine. The compounds tiliroside and 7,4′-di-O-methyl-8-O-sulphate flavone showed in vitro larvicidal activity, with LC50 values of 0.275 mg/mL after 72 h and 0.182 mg/mL after 24 h of exposure, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate the larvicidal activity of sulphated flavonoids against A. aegypti. Our results showed that the presence of the OSO3H group attached to C-8 of the flavonoid was crucial to the larvicidal activity. This research supports the traditional use of H. velutina as an alternative insecticide for the control of A. aegypti, which is a vector for severe arboviruses, such as dengue and chikungunya.
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Piplani M, Bhagwat DP, Singhvi G, Sankaranarayanan M, Balana-Fouce R, Vats T, Chander S. Plant-based larvicidal agents: An overview from 2000 to 2018. Exp Parasitol 2019; 199:92-103. [PMID: 30836055 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current review aims to systematically segregate, analyze and arrange the key findings of the scientific reports published on larvicidal plants including larvicidal formulations. The investigation was carried out by analyzing the published literature in various scientific databases, subsequently, the key findings of the selective scientific reports having larvicidal potency (LC50) of extract or isolated oil<100 μg/mL were tabulated to provide the concise and crucial information. Special emphasis was given on reports in which LC50 of extract or isolated oil was reported to be < 10 μg/mL, genus or species documented in multiple independent studies, advancement in larvicidal formulations and activity of isolated phytoconstituents. Extensive analysis of published literature revealed that the larvicidal potency of herbal resources varied from sub-microgram/ml to practically insignificant. Overall, this unprecedented summarized and arranged information can be utilized for design, development and optimization of herbal based formulation having potential larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Piplani
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Deepak P Bhagwat
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rafael Balana-Fouce
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, 24071, Spain
| | - Tarini Vats
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Subhash Chander
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
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Wang Z, Perumalsamy H, Wang X, Ahn YJ. Toxicity and possible mechanisms of action of honokiol from Magnolia denudata seeds against four mosquito species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:411. [PMID: 30674912 PMCID: PMC6344527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the toxicity and possible mechanism of the larvicidal action of honokiol, extracted from Magnolia denudata seeds, and its 10 related compounds against third-instar larvae of insecticide-susceptible Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes aegypti, and Aedes albopictus and Anopheles sinensis resistant to deltamethrin and temephos. Honokiol (LC50, 6.13–7.37 mg/L) was highly effective against larvae of all of the four mosquito species, although the toxicity of the compound was lower than that of the synthetic larvicide temephos. Structure–activity relationship analyses indicated that electron donor and/or bulky groups at the ortho or para positions of the phenol were required for toxicity. Honokiol moderately inhibited acetylcholinesterase and caused a considerable increase in cyclic AMP levels, indicating that it might act on both acetylcholinesterase and octopaminergic receptors. Microscopy analysis clearly indicated that honokiol was mainly targeted to the midgut epithelium and anal gills, resulting in variably dramatic degenerative responses of the midgut through sequential epithelial disorganization. Honokiol did not affect the AeCS1 mRNA expression level in Ae. aegypti larvae, but did enhance expression of the genes encoding vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and aquaporin 4, indicating that it may disturb the Na+, Cl− and K+ co-transport systems. These results demonstrate that honokiol merits further study as a potential larvicide, with a specific target site, and as a lead molecule for the control of mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqian Wang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Young-Joon Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Osanloo M, Sedaghat MM, Esmaeili F, Amani A. Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) in Comparison with Its Major Constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2018; 12:361-369. [PMID: 30918905 PMCID: PMC6423450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, larvicidal activity of clove essential oil (EO), as a green and relatively potent larvicide, was compared with its main constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the amount of eugenol, major constituent of clove EO. In addition, larvicidal activity of clove EO and eugenol was evaluated against An. stephensi. RESULTS The amount of eugenol in clove EO was determined as 67% using HPLC analysis. LC50 and LC90 of clove EO (57.49 and 93.14ppm, respectively) were significantly lower than those of eugenol (86.96 and 128.18 ppm, respectively). CONCLUSION EO showed more effective than its major component. Considering the lower cost of the essential oil and lower risk in occurrence of resistance in larvae, use of clove EO is preferred as larvicide in comparison with eugenol, against An. stephensi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Osanloo
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Amir Amani, E-mail:
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Pessoa LZDS, Duarte JL, Ferreira RMDA, Oliveira AEMDFM, Cruz RAS, Faustino SMM, Carvalho JCT, Fernandes CP, Souto RNP, Araújo RS. Nanosuspension of quercetin: preparation, characterization and effects against Aedes aegypti larvae. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Walia M, Kumar P, Singh B, Agnihotri VK. UPLC-DAD quantification of chemical constituents of Potentilla atrosanguinea roots and their antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:4337-4345. [PMID: 30228433 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Potentilla atrosanguinea, native to Himalayan region, is well known for its curative effects in traditional medicinal system. An ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method for the quantification of constituents of root part of P. atrosanguinea has been developed along with antioxidant activity evaluation. A simple and sensitive quantification method developed for seven compounds however only four compounds; p-coumaric acid (4), rutin (7), tiliroside (14) and kaempferol (16) were quantified as others were in lesser amount. Syringic acid and quercetin were found in trace amount whereas chlorogenic acid was absent in the ethanol extract of roots of P. atrosanguinea. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents were determined to be 21.75 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 8.57 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dry plant material, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extract was assessed using three assays; 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The IC50 values; 35.75 μg/ml and 30.35 μg/ml by DPPH and ABTS assays for ethanolic extract showed excellent free radical scavenging potential of its root part. The ferric reducing ability (FRAP) value, 26.67 mg of ascorbic acid per gram also indicated its higher antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanka Walia
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- 2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Bikram Singh
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Vijai K Agnihotri
- 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India.,2Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
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