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Biochanin A in murine Schistosoma mansoni infection: effects on inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e16. [PMID: 36740983 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a multifunctional natural compound that possesses anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects. The aim of the study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of BCA on Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Fifty mice were divided into six different groups as non-infected, non-infected BCA-treated, infected untreated, early infected BCA-treated (seven days post-infection (dpi)), late infected BCA-treated 60 dpi and infected praziquantel (PZQ)-treated groups. Parasitological, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were investigated in liver sections. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene expression of S. mansoni was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A single dose of BCA significantly reduced worm burden in early (82.14%) and late infection (77.74%), mean tissue egg load in early (7.27 ± 0.495) and late BCA administration (7.63 ± 0.435) and decreased granuloma size. CYP450 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in early BCA treatment as compared to late treatment which emphasizes that early administration of BCA had more pronounced effects on worms than late administration. Both early and late BCA administration led to significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines as TGF and iNOS. Although the reduction of TGF and iNOS in BCA-treated mice was superior to PZQ, no statistically significant differences were noted. However, a significant downregulation of COX2 was noted in hepatocytes as compared to both infected control and PZQ-treated mice. BCA has schistosomicidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects and could be regarded as a potential drug in schistosomiasis treatment.
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Synthesis of New Thiadiazole-2-Oxides as Potential Antischistosomal Agents. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li G, Guo Q, Feng C, Chen H, Zhao W, Li S, Hong Y, Sun D. Synthesis of oxadiazole-2-oxide derivatives as potential drug candidates for schistosomiasis targeting SjTGR. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:225. [PMID: 33902686 PMCID: PMC8074465 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease that affects millions of people's health worldwide. Because of the increasing drug resistance to praziquantel (PZQ), which is the primary drug for schistosomiasis, developing new drugs to treat schistosomiasis is crucial. Oxadiazole-2-oxides have been identified as potential anti-schistosomiasis reagents targeting thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR). METHODS In this work, one of the oxadiazole-2-oxides derivatives furoxan was used as the lead compound to exploit a series of novel furoxan derivatives for studying inhibitory activity against both recombinant Schistosoma japonicum TGR containing selenium (rSjTGR-Sec) and soluble worm antigen protein (SWAP) containing wild-type Schistosoma japonicum TGR (wtSjTGR), in order to develop a new leading compound for schistosomiasis. Thirty-nine novel derivatives were prepared to test their activity toward both enzymes. The docking method was used to detect the binding site between the active molecule and SjTGR. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these novel furoxan derivatives was preliminarily analyzed. RESULTS It was found that several new derivatives, including compounds 6a-6d, 9ab, 9bd and 9be, demonstrated greater activity toward rSjTGR-Sec or SWAP containing wtSjTGR than did furoxan. Interestingly, all intermediates bearing hydroxy (6a-6d) showed excellent inhibitory activity against both enzymes. In particular, compound 6d with trifluoromethyl on a pyridine ring was found to have much higher inhibition toward both rSjTGR-Sec (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50,7.5nM) and SWAP containing wtSjTGR (IC50 55.8nM) than furoxan. Additionally, the docking method identified the possible matching sites between 6d and Schistosoma japonicum TGR (SjTGR), which theoretically lends support to the inhibitory activity of 6d. CONCLUSION The data obtained herein showed that 6d with trifluoromethyl on a pyridine ring could be a valuable leading compound for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongming Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Qingqing Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Chao Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Wenjiao Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Shu Li
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Yang Hong
- National Reference Laboratory of Animal Schistosomiasis, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Dequn Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
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Mordvinov VA, Ponomarev DV, Pakharukov YV, Pakharukova MY. Anthelmintic Activity of Antioxidants: In Vitro Effects on the Liver Fluke Opisthorchis felineus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030284. [PMID: 33801420 PMCID: PMC8001094 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, molecular parasitologists are searching for new agents against trematodiases. Redox metabolism is important for parasites as far as long-lived adult parasites inside a mammalian host are exposed to redox challenges. Antioxidants have been poorly studied as anthelmintic agents, in particular against the foodborne trematodes. Study of in vitro anthelmintic activity of nonenzymatic natural and synthetic antioxidants of various chemical structures was performed using standard motility and mortality assays against juvenile and adult Opisthorchis felineus worms. Promising agents have been found among both natural and synthetic compounds. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 [10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium] in motility assays was as effective (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] 0.6–1.4 μM) as praziquantel (IC50 0.47–1.4 μM), and SkQ1 was significantly more effective than praziquantel in mortality assays. Moreover, extensive tegument damage of the adult fluke was revealed after SkQ1 treatment. Flavonoids manifested potency too, with IC50 values in a micromolar range (5.1–17.4 μM). Other natural and synthetic compounds tested against helminths were significantly less effective than praziquantel. Results of our study indicate that SkQ1 and flavonoids have high anthelmintic activities against the liver flukes. We propose that structure–activity relationship research might be worthwhile based on the structures of the most effective substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.A.M.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Denis V. Ponomarev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.A.M.); (D.V.P.)
| | - Yuri V. Pakharukov
- Department of Physics, Monitoring and Diagnostic Methods, Industrial University of Tyumen, 38 Volodarskogo Str., 625000 Tyumen, Russia;
| | - Maria Y. Pakharukova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.A.M.); (D.V.P.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-913-394-6669
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Gemma S, Federico S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Butini S, Campiani G. Dealing with schistosomiasis: Current drug discovery strategies. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mäder P, Rennar GA, Ventura AMP, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Chemotherapy for Fighting Schistosomiasis: Past, Present and Future. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2374-2389. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Georg A. Rennar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Alejandra M. Peter Ventura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; Schubertstraße 81 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
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Thippakorn C, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya C, Pannengpetch S, Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya P, Schaduangrat N, Nantasenamat C, Prachayasittikul V. Oxidative responses and defense mechanism of hyperpigmented P. aeruginosa as characterized by proteomics and metabolomics. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:544-562. [PMID: 30034318 PMCID: PMC6046631 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to produce multiple types of pigment which are involved in its pathogenicity and survival in certain environments. Herein, we reported the identification of P. aeruginosa dark-brown hyperpigmented (HP) strains which have been isolated from clinical samples. In order to study the role of these dark-brown containing secretions, alterations of metabolic processes and cellular responses under microenvironment of this bacterial pathogen, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in conjunction with peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) were performed. Protein spots showing the most significant differences and high spot optical density values were selected for further characterization. Fold difference of protein expression levels among those spots were calculated. Three major groups of proteins including anti-oxidant enzyme such as catalase, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and also iron-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), transmembrane proteins as well as proteins involved in energy metabolism such as ATP synthase and pyruvate/2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were significantly decreased in P. aeruginosa HP. Whereas, malate syntase and isocitrate lyase, the key enzyme in glyoxylate cycle as well as alcohol dehydrogenase were significantly increased in P. aeruginosa HP, as compared to the reference strain ATCC 27853. Moreover, the HP exerted SOD-like activity with its IC50 equal to 0.26 mg/ml as measured by NBT assay. Corresponding to secretomic metabolome identification, elevated amounts of anti-oxidant compounds are detected in P. aeruginosa HP than those observed in ATCC 27853. Our findings indicated successful use of proteomics and metabolomics for understanding cell responses and defense mechanisms of P. aeruginosa dark-brown hyperpigmented strains upon surviving in its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadinee Thippakorn
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Supitcha Pannengpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Mariz Gomes da Silva LM, de Oliveira JF, Silva WL, da Silva AL, de Almeida Junior ASA, Barbosa dos Santos VH, Alves LC, Brayner dos Santos FA, Costa VMA, Aires ADL, de Lima MDCA, Albuquerque MCPDA. New 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives: Synthesis, evaluation of in vitro schistosomicidal activity and ultrastructural analysis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shukla R, Shukla H, Kalita P, Tripathi T. Structural insights into natural compounds as inhibitors of Fasciola gigantica thioredoxin glutathione reductase. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:3067-3080. [PMID: 29052925 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is caused by the helminth parasites of genus Fasciola. Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) is an important enzyme in parasitic helminths and plays an indispensable role in its redox biology. In the present study, we conducted a structure-based virtual screening of natural compounds against the Fasciola gigantica TGR (FgTGR). The compounds were docked against FgTGR in four sequential docking modes. The screened ligands were further assessed for Lipinski and ADMET prediction so as to evaluate drug proficiency and likeness property. After refinement, three potential inhibitors were identified that were subjected to 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation and free energy binding analyses to evaluate the dynamics of protein-ligand interaction and the stability of the complexes. Key residues involved in the interaction of the selected ligands were also determined. The results suggested that three top hits had a negative binding energy greater than GSSG (-91.479 KJ · mol-1 ), having -152.657, -141.219, and -92.931 kJ · mol-1 for compounds with IDs ZINC85878789, ZINC85879991, and ZINC36369921, respectively. Further analysis showed that the compound ZINC85878789 and ZINC85879991 displayed substantial pharmacological and structural properties to be a drug candidate. Thus, the present study might prove useful for the future design of new derivatives with higher potency and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shukla
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Harish Shukla
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Parismita Kalita
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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Abstract
Praziquantel has remained the drug of choice for schistosomiasis chemotherapy for almost 40 years. The pressing need to develop a new antischistosomal drug may necessitate exploring and filtering chemotherapeutic history to search for the most promising ones. In this context, this review attempts to summarize all progress made in schistosomiasis chemotherapy from the early 20th century (mid-1910s) to 2016. We gathered almost 100 compounds providing information on therapeutic action, specifically covering at least first in vivo studies in animal model and in vitro. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of antischistosomal agents were also described. Preclinical studies indicate a handful of promising future candidates.
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Wang WL, Song LJ, Hu BC, Miao L, Chen XY, Fan WH, Yin XR, Shen S, Ding ZF, Yu CX. Decoquinate derivatives: A new class of potent antischistosomal agents against Schistosoma japonicum. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Comparative Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Edible and Ornamental Pomegranate Ethanolic Extracts against Schistosoma mansoni. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2872708. [PMID: 27990425 PMCID: PMC5136632 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2872708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the development of praziquantel (PZQ) schistosomes resistant strains, the discovery of new antischistosomal agents is of high priority in research. This work reported the in vitro and in vivo effects of the edible and ornamental pomegranate extracts against Schistosoma mansoni. Leaves and stem bark ethanolic extracts of both dried pomegranates were prepared at 100, 300, and 500 μg/mL for in vitro and 600 and 800 mg/kg for in vivo. Adult worms Schistosoma mansoni in RPMI-1640 medium for in vitro and S. mansoni infected mice for in vivo tests were obtained from Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt. In vitro activity was manifested by significant coupled worms separation, reduction of motor activity, lethality, and ultrastructural tegumental alterations in adult worms. In vivo activity was manifested revealed by significant reduction of hepatic granulomas number and diameter, decreased number of bilharzial eggs in liver tissues, lowered liver inflammatory infiltration, decreased hepatic fibrosis, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Ethanolic stem bark extract of edible pomegranate exhibited highest antischistosomal activities both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, pomegranate showed a good potential to be used as a promising new candidate for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
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