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Steffen KD, Gos ML, Unzaga JM, Venturini MC, Arias RO, Moré G. Dynamics of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and seroconversion during pregnancy and lactation in naturally infected goats. Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102828. [PMID: 38008355 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of anti-T. gondii antibodies and seroconversion in naturally infected goats from the last third of pregnancy to 100 days of lactation and relate it to hematological and dehydration parameters. Blood samples were obtained from 56 goats in the different physiological states (pregnancy, kidding and lactation) as in different years (2019, 2021 and 2022). A total of 266 serum samples were obtained and evaluated by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to end titer. The overall T. gondii seropositivity was 80.4% (45/56), with titers ranging from 100 to 25.600. The goats older than 3 years (4967 ± 1329) had significantly higher IFAT titers than the younger goats (2705 ± 681). The highest rate of positive seroconversion 31.1% (14/45) was found between kidding and 70 days of lactation; and of negative seroconversion 28.9% (13/45) between late pregnancy and kidding. The highest proportion of slightly dehydrated animals was found in the last third of pregnancy (14/25) and kidding (9/28). The correlation between seroconversion and T. gondii antibody titers was negative to the established dehydration index. These data suggest that in all physiological states and at different ages of goats, there is seroconversion which is not related to hydration status. Pregnancy, kidding and peak of lactation are stressful physiological periods, facilitating the reactivation of chronic T. gondii infections which are expressed by higher antibodies titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Steffen
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science-La Plata National University, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1425FQB), Argentina; Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences-La Plata National University, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Gos
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science-La Plata National University, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1425FQB), Argentina
| | - J M Unzaga
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science-La Plata National University, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Venturini
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science-La Plata National University, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R O Arias
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences-La Plata National University, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Moré
- Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science-La Plata National University, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1425FQB), Argentina; Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
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2
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Duriez O, Sassi Y, Le Gall-Ladevèze C, Giraud L, Straughan R, Dauverné L, Terras A, Boulinier T, Choquet R, Van De Wiele A, Hirschinger J, Guérin JL, Le Loc'h G. Highly pathogenic avian influenza affects vultures' movements and breeding output. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3766-3774.e3. [PMID: 37597520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
An exceptional highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak due to H5N1 virus genotypes belonging to clade 2.3.4.4.b has been affecting birds worldwide since autumn 2021.1,2,3 Mortality caused by viral infection has been well documented in poultry and more recently in wild birds, especially in seabird-breeding colonies.4,5,6 However, there is a critical lack of knowledge about how terrestrial birds deal with HPAI virus infections in terms of behavior and space use, especially during the breeding season.7,8,9 Understanding how birds move when they are infected could help evaluate the risk of spreading the virus at a distance among other populations of wild or domestic birds, this latter risk being especially important for commensal bird species. Through long-term GPS tracking, we described the changes in daily movement patterns of 31 adult griffon vultures Gyps fulvus in two French sites in 2022 compared with 3 previous years. In spring 2022, 21 vultures at both sites showed periods of immobility at the nest, during 5.6 days on average. Positive serological status of 2 individuals confirmed that they had been infected by HPAI viruses. Death was recorded for 3 of the 31 tracked individuals, whereas all others recovered and returned quickly to their foraging routine, although at least 9 birds failed breeding. Such immobility patterns and death rates were never observed in previous years and were not related to weather conditions. The high immobility behavior of infected birds could reduce the risks of transmission. The observed vulnerability to HPAI viruses questions the resistance of endangered vulture species worldwide if infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duriez
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France.
| | - Yohan Sassi
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Le Gall-Ladevèze
- IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Léa Giraud
- LPO France - site Grands Causses, Le Bourg, 12720 Peyreleau, France
| | - Robert Straughan
- LPO France - site Grands Causses, Le Bourg, 12720 Peyreleau, France
| | - Lise Dauverné
- LPO Occitanie DT Aude, Ecluse de Mandirac, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Anna Terras
- LPO Occitanie DT Aude, Ecluse de Mandirac, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Thierry Boulinier
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Rémi Choquet
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Julien Hirschinger
- IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Luc Guérin
- IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Guillaume Le Loc'h
- IHAP, ENVT, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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3
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Zhu S, VanWormer E, Shapiro K. More people, more cats, more parasites: Human population density and temperature variation predict prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst shedding in free-ranging domestic and wild felids. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286808. [PMID: 37343040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite that can infect warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. Felids, the definitive hosts, drive T. gondii infections by shedding the environmentally resistant stage of the parasite (oocysts) in their feces. Few studies characterize the role of climate and anthropogenic factors in oocyst shedding among free-ranging felids, which are responsible for the majority of environmental contamination. We determined how climate and anthropogenic factors influence oocyst shedding in free-ranging domestic cats and wild felids using generalized linear mixed models. T. gondii oocyst shedding data from 47 studies were systematically reviewed and compiled for domestic cats and six wild felid species, encompassing 256 positives out of 9,635 total fecal samples. Shedding prevalence in domestic cats and wild felids was positively associated with human population density at the sampling location. Larger mean diurnal temperature range was associated with more shedding among domestic cats and warmer temperature in the driest quarter was associated with lower oocyst shedding in wild felids. Increasing human population density and temperature fluctuation can exacerbate environmental contamination with the protozoan parasite T. gondii. Management of free-ranging domestic cats could lower the burden of environmental oocysts due to their large population sizes and affinity with human settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth VanWormer
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Karen Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Okada S, Shoshi Y, Takashima Y, Sanjoba C, Watari Y, Miyashita T. Role of landscape context in Toxoplasma gondii infection of invasive definitive and intermediate hosts on a World Heritage Island. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 19:96-104. [PMID: 36105679 PMCID: PMC9465111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Free-ranging cats are invasive species threatening biodiversity worldwide. They may also impose an environmental risk to humans and livestock through the transmission of zoonotic diseases. We investigated antibody levels against Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging cats and black rats (definitive and representative intermediate hosts) by ELISA and determined their relationships with landscape environmental factors on Tokunoshima Island, Japan, the Natural World Heritage site. We found a higher seroprevalence (>70%) in both cats and black rats in landscapes where the cattle barn density was high. This was consistent with higher density of rats revealed in our trapping survey. The spatial scale of landscape factors affecting infection was broader in cats (1 km buffer radius) than in black rats (100 m buffer radius). Both cats and rats showed an increasing trend in optical density (OD) values with increasing body weight and landscape cattle barn density, suggesting that the antibody concentration increases as the chance of exposure to T. gondii in the environment increases. Thus, management actions to stop humans from feeding cats and to control rat populations without using cats are both necessary to reduce the human health risk as well as to conserve endangered species on the island. High seroprevalence of T. gondii was found in cats and black rats on an island. Seroprevalence was high (>70%) in landscapes where there were many cattle barns. Antibody level in cats was lower in forests and higher around residential areas. Spatial scale of environmental factors affecting infection was broader in cats.
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Sultana S, González-Parra G, Arenas AJ. Dynamics of toxoplasmosis in the cat's population with an exposed stage and a time delay. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:12655-12676. [PMID: 36654016 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new mathematical model to investigate the effect of the introduction of an exposed stage for the cats who become infected with the T. gondii parasite, but that are not still able to produce oocysts in the environment. The model considers a time delay in order to represent the duration of the exposed stage. Besides the cat population the model also includes the oocysts related to the T. gondii in the environment. The model includes the cats since they are the only definitive host and the oocysts, since they are relevant to the dynamics of toxoplasmosis. The model considers lifelong immunity for the recovered cats and vaccinated cats. In addition, the model considers that cats can get infected through an effective contact with the oocysts in the environment. We find conditions such that the toxoplasmosis disease becomes extinct. We analyze the consequences of considering the exposed stage and the time delay on the stability of the equilibrium points. We numerically solve the constructed model and corroborated the theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Mathematics, New Mexico Tech, New Mexico, 87801, USA
| | | | - Abraham J Arenas
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
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6
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Athanasiou LV, Katsogiannou EG, Tsokana CN, Dedousi A, Boutsini S, Papakonstantinou G, Papatsiros VG. Detection of Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in Filter Paper-Dried Blood Dot Spots Compared with Serum in Pigs and Assessment of Variation Associated with Packed Cell Volume. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:394-399. [PMID: 35443790 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody detection in serum and filter paper (FP) blood spots using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) and to evaluate the potential impact of the packed cell volume (PCV) on antibody detection in FPs. A pair of a serum and an FP sample was collected from 96 sows at various farms in Greece, with previously identified high seropositivity and/or risk factors associated with high seropositivity against T. gondii. The PCV value was determined using the microhematocrit method. IFA was used for the detection of antibodies against T. gondii. T. gondii-specific antibodies were detected in 45.8% serum samples and 41.6% FP samples showing almost perfect agreement. Detection in FP samples presented high sensitivity (87.1-92.8%) and excellent specificity (100%) when compared with detection in serum, regardless of the PCV values. The findings of this study support the reliability of FPs for the evaluation of the serological status of swine against T. gondii. FPs could be a good alternative sample type compared with serum for large-scale epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labrini V Athanasiou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eleni G Katsogiannou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Constantina N Tsokana
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Anna Dedousi
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Boutsini
- Parasitology - Parasitic Diseases, Entomology, and Bee Health Department, Veterinary Center of Athens/General Directorate of Veterinary Services, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Vasileios G Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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Mathematical Modeling of Toxoplasmosis Considering a Time Delay in the Infectivity of Oocysts. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the effect of the introduction of a time delay on the dynamics of toxoplasmosis. This time delay is the elapsed time from when oocysts become present in the environment and when they become infectious. We construct a mathematical model that includes cats and oocysts in the environment. We include the effect of oocysts, since they are crucial for the dynamics of toxoplasmosis. The likelihood of the acquisition of Toxoplasma gondii infection depends on the environmental load of the parasite. Furthermore, the model considers the possibility of vaccination of the feline host. In the mathematical model, we consider directly the infection of cats through the oocysts shed by other cats. We prove that the basic reproduction number R0 is a secondary parameter that determines the global dynamics of toxoplasmosis in cat populations. We study the effect of the time delay on the stability of the steady states. We find that the time delay cannot change the stability of the endemic state, which is an important result from the biological point of view. Numerical simulations are performed to support the theoretical results and obtain further insight into understanding toxoplasmosis dynamics in cat populations.
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Wehbe K, Pencole L, Lhuaire M, Sibiude J, Mandelbrot L, Villena I, Picone O. Hygiene measures as primary prevention of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A systematic review. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51:102300. [PMID: 34979320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hygiene measures are recommended to prevent toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, although screening for seroconversion in pregnant women currently are debated and practices vary among countries. Objectives The purpose of this systematic literature review was to assess the effectiveness of hygiene measures during pregnancy to prevent toxoplasmosis infection. Search Strategy We followed the standard MOOSE and PRISMA criteria when conducting this systematic review and reporting the results. Selection criteria A systematic literature search was conducted for studies focused on congenital toxoplasmosis prevention, toxoplasmosis prevention during pregnancy, toxoplasmosis prevention and hygiene measures, which were published between 1970 and August 2020, using the databases of PubMed, Scope Med, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. Data collection and analysis Our literature search identified 3964 articles, 3757 were excluded after review of title or abstract and 67 studies were considered relevant to the subject. We reviewed risk factors for toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy and for congenital toxoplasmosis, preventive measures for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, including: dietary recommendations, pet care measures, environmental measures, knowledge of risk factors and ways to control toxoplasmosis infection, knowledge of risk factors for infection by health professionals, knowledge of primary prevention measures by pregnant women. Conclusion: Hygiene measures are effective and applicable primary prevention to reduce toxoplasmosis and avoid congenital toxoplasmosis and its consequences. Funding No.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Wehbe
- Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Institut Mère Enfant Alix de Champagne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Reims 51092, France
| | - Lucille Pencole
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Inserm IAME-U1137, FHU PREMA, Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Université de Paris, 178 rue des renouillets, Paris, Colombes 92700, France
| | - Martin Lhuaire
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Organogenesis and Anatomy, URDIA, EA4465, UFR Biomedical des Saints-Pères, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Sibiude
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Inserm IAME-U1137, FHU PREMA, Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Université de Paris, 178 rue des renouillets, Paris, Colombes 92700, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Inserm IAME-U1137, FHU PREMA, Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Université de Paris, 178 rue des renouillets, Paris, Colombes 92700, France
| | - Isabelle Villena
- EA7510 et Centre National de Référence de la Toxoplasmose, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Toxoplasma, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Picone
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Inserm IAME-U1137, FHU PREMA, Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Université de Paris, 178 rue des renouillets, Paris, Colombes 92700, France.
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Simon JA, Aubert D, Geers R, Villena I, Poulle ML. Validation of the Use of Dried Blood Samples for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Cats ( Felis s. catus). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070864. [PMID: 34358014 PMCID: PMC8308602 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
If validated beforehand, the analysis of dried blood on blotting paper (BP samples) is very useful for monitoring free-ranging animals. We aimed to validate this method for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats. We used the modified agglutination test (MAT) in 199 sample pairs of sera and BP samples from 54, 39, 56, and 50 cats trapped during four periods in five dairy farms. Screening was at 1:6, 1:12, and 1:24 dilutions. The cut-off value was at MAT titre ≥ 24, but MAT titre ≥ 12 was also considered for BP samples that often have a higher dilution level. Depending on the period, sample type, and cut-off value, sensitivity of the analysis of the BP sample vs. serum varied from 87.1% to 100% and specificity ranged from 72.22% to 100%. The concordance values and Kappa coefficient showed a substantial to excellent agreement between the results of the two methods, whatever the cut-off value. These findings quantifiably validate the use of MAT on BP samples for the detection of antibodies to T. gondii in stray cats, but we recommend expressing results from BP samples with several cut-off values as the MAT titres tend to be lower than those of sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Alice Simon
- Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (J.A.S.); (D.A.); (R.G.); (I.V.)
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie (CERFE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
| | - Dominique Aubert
- Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (J.A.S.); (D.A.); (R.G.); (I.V.)
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Référence de la Toxoplasmose, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Toxoplasma, CHU Reims, CEDEX, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Régine Geers
- Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (J.A.S.); (D.A.); (R.G.); (I.V.)
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Référence de la Toxoplasmose, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Toxoplasma, CHU Reims, CEDEX, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Isabelle Villena
- Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (J.A.S.); (D.A.); (R.G.); (I.V.)
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre National de Référence de la Toxoplasmose, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Toxoplasma, CHU Reims, CEDEX, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Marie-Lazarine Poulle
- Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CEDEX, 51095 Reims, France; (J.A.S.); (D.A.); (R.G.); (I.V.)
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie (CERFE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
- Correspondence:
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Huertas-López A, Sukhumavasi W, Álvarez-García G, Martínez-Subiela S, Cano-Terriza D, Almería S, Dubey JP, García-Bocanegra I, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Carrasco C. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in outdoor dogs and cats in Bangkok, Thailand. Parasitology 2021; 148:843-849. [PMID: 33750492 PMCID: PMC11010059 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii exposure in dogs and cats from Bangkok, Thailand. Blood samples from 318 dogs and 321 cats were tested for T. gondii antibodies by modified agglutination test (cut-off 1:25). Additionally, 18 dogs and 20 cats were longitudinally sampled for T. gondii antibodies during the same study period, between June and July 2019. The overall seroprevalence in dogs and cats was 7.9% (25/318; 95% CI 4.9–10.8%) and 18.7% (95% CI 14.4–23.0%), respectively. For dogs, risk factors identified were being a mixed-breed animal and living totally outdoors, while increasing age was shown to be a risk factor for cats. Seroconversion was not detected and titres from positive animals remained constant over longitudinal study. The present study indicates that there is a prominent presence of T. gondii in urban and peri-urban areas of Bangkok, suggesting that outdoor dogs and cats should be considered as a possible risk factor for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Huertas-López
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30100Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Woraporn Sukhumavasi
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330Bangkok, Thailand
- Feline Infectious Disease and Health for Excellence Research Unit, Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, 10330Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30100Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, 14014Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sonia Almería
- Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition (CFSAN), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Division of Virulence Assessment, Laurel, USA
| | - Jitender P. Dubey
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland20705-2350, USA
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Animal Health and Zoonosis Research Group (GISAZ), Department of Animal Health, University of Córdoba, 14014Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30100Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Hatam-Nahavandi K, Calero-Bernal R, Rahimi MT, Pagheh AS, Zarean M, Dezhkam A, Ahmadpour E. Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic and wild felids as public health concerns: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9509. [PMID: 33947922 PMCID: PMC8097069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Felidae as definitive hosts for Toxoplasma gondii play a major role in transmission to all warm-blooded animals trough oocysts dissemination. Therefore the current comprehensive study was performed to determine the global status of T. gondii infection in domestic and wild felids aiming to provide comprehensive data of interest for further intervention approaching the One Health perspective. Different databases were searched by utilizing particular key words for publications related to T. gondii infecting domestic and wild feline host species, worldwide, from 1970 to 2020. The review of 337 reports showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii in domestic cats and wild felids was estimated in 37.5% (95% CI 34.7-40.3) (I2 = 98.3%, P < 0.001) and 64% (95% CI 60-67.9) (I2 = 88%, P < 0.0001), respectively. The global pooled prevalence of oocysts in the fecal examined specimens from domestic cats was estimated in 2.6% (95% CI 1.9-3.3) (I2 = 96.1%, P < 0.0001), and that in fecal samples from wild felids was estimated in 2.4% (95% CI 1.1-4.2) (I2 = 86.4%, P < 0.0001). In addition, from 13,252 examined soil samples in 14 reviewed studies, the pooled occurrence of T. gondii oocysts was determined in 16.2% (95% CI 7.66-27.03%). The observed high rates of anti-T. gondii antibodies seroprevalence levels and oocyst excretion frequency in the felids, along with soil (environmental) contamination with oocysts may constitute a potential threat to animal and public health, and data will result of interest in further prophylaxis programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Taghi Rahimi
- grid.444858.10000 0004 0384 8816Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- grid.411701.20000 0004 0417 4622Infectious Diseases Research Canter, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarean
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Dezhkam
- School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Wei XY, Gong QL, Zeng A, Wang W, Wang Q, Zhang XX. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats in China from 2010 to 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2021; 186:105230. [PMID: 33348304 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed protozoan parasite that can infect a variety of warm-blooded animals including humans and goats. This is the first meta-analysis to assess the overall seroprevalence and potential risk factors of T. gondii infection among goats in China. Databases including the VIP Chinese Journal Databases (VIP), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, WanFang, ScienceDirect, and PubMed were searched comprehensively for relevant studies published from 2010 to date. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled seroprevalence estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) and data were analyzed from 13 provinces in China. The pooled T. gondii seroprevalence in goats was estimated as 9.9 %. Goats T. gondii had the highest seroprevalence in Southwestern China (13.3 %) and the lowest in Northeastern China (7.3 %). The seroprevalence in the sub-group before 2012 (8.0 %) was lower than that in 2012-2015 (15.2 %) and 2016 or later (9.2 %). Goats aged > 12-months had a higher seroprevalence (11.7 %) than ≤ 12-months (10.7 %). The seroprevalence in female goats was 12.5 % and 12.2 % in male goats. In season subgroups, the seroprevalence was lowest in autumn (6.1 %). Naturally grazed goats had a seroprevalence of 8.1 % of infection and 7.8 % in intensively fed goats. We also evaluated the effects of geographical and climate variables on the pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii in goats in China. The results indicated that toxoplasmosis is widely distributed in goats in China. In the context of ensuring animal welfare, we suggest the continued promotion of the transition from natural grazing to intensive agriculture to strengthen disease prevention. Prevention would be better carried out in areas suitable for the survival and reproduction of T. gondii. Breeders need to regularly disinfect the feeding areas and pens or other areas of goat activity thoroughly to reduce the impact of environmental factors responses on the infection of goats to T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, PR China.
| | - Qing-Long Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, PR China.
| | - Ao Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, 163319, PR China.
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, PR China.
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13
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Modelling pest dynamics under uncertainty in pest detection: the case of the red palm weevil. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Wit LA, Kilpatrick AM, VanWormer E, Croll DA, Tershy BR, Kim M, Shapiro K. Seasonal and spatial variation in
Toxoplasma gondii
contamination in soil in urban public spaces in California, United States. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 67:70-78. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luz A. Wit
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - A. Marm Kilpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Elizabeth VanWormer
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska
| | - Donald A. Croll
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Bernie R. Tershy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California
| | - Karen Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California
- One Health Institute School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis Davis California
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15
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Simon JA, Chancel E, Hubert P, Aubert D, Villena I, Gilot-Fromont E, Poulle ML. Pattern of latrine use by domestic cats on dairy farms and the implications for Toxoplasma gondii transmission. Vet Parasitol 2019; 273:112-121. [PMID: 31476666 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, a highly prevalent zoonosis that affects humans and warm-blooded animals. Faeces of infected cats can contain millions of T. gondii oocysts, which remain infectious in the environment for months. Sites repeatedly used by cats for defecation ('latrines') are recognised as hotspots of T. gondii soil contamination, but this contamination varies from one latrine to another. To understand this spatial heterogeneity, camera traps were deployed in 39 cat latrines on three dairy farms with high-density cat populations and programmed to record visits during sixteen 10-day sessions, rotating between three farms over a period of a year. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to test the effects of cat sexual maturity, latrine location and season on the number of cat faeces deposited and on the number of cats defecating per latrine, as determined from the analysis of 41,282 video recordings. Sexually immature cats defecated 6.60-fold (95% CI = [2.87-15.25]) more often in latrines located close to a feeding site than in other latrines. This pattern was also observed for mature males (odds ratio [OR] = 9.42, 95% CI = [3.29-26.91]), especially during winter, but not for mature females (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = [0.80-3.94]). The number of defecating cats was also 2.67-fold (95% CI = [1.66-4.30], P < 0.001) higher in latrines located close to a feeding point than in those located far from it, regardless of cat category and season. Visits by intermediate T. gondii hosts (micromammals, birds and others) were also recorded. Out of the 39 latrines, 30 (76.92%) were visited by at least one intermediate host during the study period, and some latrines were highly frequented (up to 8.74 visits/day on average). These results provide evidence that the location of food resources in dairy farms influences the latrine use pattern by cats. Highly frequented latrines can be of high risk of T. gondii infection for definitive and intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Alice Simon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Médecine, SFR Cap Santé, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay 51095, Reims cedex, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CERFE, 5 rue de La Héronnière, 08240, Boult-aux-Bois, France.
| | - Eva Chancel
- VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Pauline Hubert
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CERFE, 5 rue de La Héronnière, 08240, Boult-aux-Bois, France; Faune Action, 6 rue du jardin gascon, 08240, Boult aux Bois, France.
| | - Dominique Aubert
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Médecine, SFR Cap Santé, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay 51095, Reims cedex, France.
| | - Isabelle Villena
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Médecine, SFR Cap Santé, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay 51095, Reims cedex, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France; UMR CNRS 5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Marie-Lazarine Poulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Médecine, SFR Cap Santé, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay 51095, Reims cedex, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CERFE, 5 rue de La Héronnière, 08240, Boult-aux-Bois, France.
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16
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Bastien M, Vaniscotte A, Combes B, Umhang G, Raton V, Germain E, Villena I, Aubert D, Boué F, Poulle ML. Identifying drivers of fox and cat faecal deposits in kitchen gardens in order to evaluate measures for reducing contamination of fresh fruit and vegetables. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2018; 14:e00034. [PMID: 32095604 PMCID: PMC7034018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2018.e00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing foodborne pathogen contamination of raw fruit and vegetables in the field is critically important for public health. Specifically, it involves preventing faecal deposit by wildlife or domestic animals in fields of crops and kitchen gardens. The present study aims to identify the drivers of fox, dog and cat faecal deposits in kitchen gardens in order to mitigate the risk of contamination of raw produce with parasites shed in carnivore faeces. The focus was on Echinococcus multilocularis, ranked highest in the importance of foodborne parasites in Europe, but attention was also paid to other parasites of major concern - Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. During the winters of 2014 to 2016, faecal samples were collected from 192 kitchen gardens located in north-eastern France. From these samples, 77% contained scat of carnivores. Molecular analyses revealed that 59% of the 1016 faeces collected were from cats, 31% from foxes, and 10% from dogs. The ease of accessibility to kitchen gardens, the presence of food in the vicinity, and the composition of the surrounding vegetation were used to explain the distribution of fox and cat faeces. Generalized Linear Mixed Effects modelling showed that: i) fencing was not efficient in reducing cat faecal deposits, but drastically decreases those of foxes; ii) the abundance of Microtus sp. indicates a reason for the presence of both fox and cat faecal deposits, iii) the abundance of Arvicola terrestris, the proximity of fruit trees or farms and the predominance of forest and grassland around the village are all drivers of fox faecal deposits. These results point to the importance of fencing around kitchen gardens located in E. multilocularis endemic areas, particularly those surrounded by forest and grassland or close to fruit trees or farms. 192 kitchen gardens sampled 6 times over 2 winters, 1016 carnivore faeces collected. Fencing, food and vegetation cover tested as explanatory factors for faeces location. Numerous cat faeces, even in enclosed gardens. Microtus sp. drives their deposit. Garden accessibility, food and vegetation cover drive the faecal deposits of foxes. Fencing off kitchen gardens should be encouraged in E. multilocularis endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bastien
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
- Corresponding author at: University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
| | | | - B. Combes
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - G. Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - V. Raton
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - E. Germain
- CROC, Carnivore Research and Observation Center, 57590 Lucy, France
| | - I. Villena
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Toxoplasma, 51092 Reims cedex, France
| | - D. Aubert
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Toxoplasma, 51092 Reims cedex, France
| | - F. Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - M.-L. Poulle
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
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