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Hoang Phan H, Thanh Do C, Ngoc Tran L, Giang Nguyen S, Ngoc Tran D, Tien Nguyen S, Dinh Le T. Secondary Mediastinal Bleeding Caused by Parathyroid Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2023; 16:11795476231190538. [PMID: 37547485 PMCID: PMC10402283 DOI: 10.1177/11795476231190538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The clinical picture of parathyroid tumors is mainly related to hypercalcemia such as kidney stones and bone and muscle pain. However, spontaneous cervical hemorrhage due to parathyroidoma bleeding is rare with clinical manifestations of the painful swelling and bruising of the neck accompanied by dysphagia and dyspnea. Case presentation We report a case of a 71-year-old female patient who presented with acute cervical swelling and extensive bleeding spreading from the neck to the abdomen and 2 flanks. Investigation of patients revealed increased parathyroid hormone levels and hypercalcemia. The neck ultrasound showed the thyroid nodules in 2 lobes, and goiter plongeant on the right. Computed tomography scan images showed a hematoma spreading from the right side of the neck to the mediastinum. Result The patient required emergency surgery due to dyspnea and hemodynamic instability. The preoperative diagnosis was cervical bleeding with the likely cause being thyroid nodule rupture. However, during the surgery, the bleeding source was determined to be the right parathyroid tumor located deeply below the superior mediastinum. The patient's histopathological result of the tumor is parathyroid adenocarcinoma. Conclusion From our experience, the hemorrhage from parathyroid tumor should be considered as a cause of acute neck bleeding when no history of trauma or surgery is identified. Post-surgery histopathological analyses of the tumor are very important to detect parathyroid adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Hoang Phan
- Department of High-Tech Medical Treatment, Vietnam National Endocrinology Hospital, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Cong Thanh Do
- Department of High-Tech Medical Treatment, Vietnam National Endocrinology Hospital, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Luong Ngoc Tran
- Department of High-Tech Medical Treatment, Vietnam National Endocrinology Hospital, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Son Giang Nguyen
- Department of High-Tech Medical Treatment, Vietnam National Endocrinology Hospital, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Diep Ngoc Tran
- Department of High-Tech Medical Treatment, Vietnam National Endocrinology Hospital, Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Son Tien Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Vietnam Military Hospital 103, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Dinh Le
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Vietnam Military Hospital 103, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Han YZ, Zhou Y, Peng Y, Zeng J, Zhao YQ, Gao XR, Zeng H, Guo XY, Li ZQ. Difficult airway due to cervical haemorrhage caused by spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1217-1223. [PMID: 36874418 PMCID: PMC9979279 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i5.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical haemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma is a rare complication that may cause life-threatening acute airway compromise.
CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital 1 day after the onset of right neck enlargement, local tenderness, head-turning difficulty, pharyngeal pain, and mild dyspnoea. Repeat routine blood testing showed a rapid decrease in the haemoglobin concentration, indicating active bleeding. Enhanced computed tomography images showed neck haemorrhage and a ruptured right parathyroid adenoma. The plan was to perform emergency neck exploration, haemorrhage removal, and right inferior parathyroidectomy under general anaesthesia. The patient was administered 50 mg of intravenous propofol, and the glottis was successfully visualised on video laryngoscopy. However, after the administration of a muscle relaxant, the glottis was no longer visible and the patient had a difficult airway that prevented mask ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Fortunately, an experienced anaesthesiologist successfully intubated the patient under video laryngoscopy after an emergency laryngeal mask placement. Postoperative pathology showed a parathyroid adenoma with marked bleeding and cystic changes. The patient recovered well without complications.
CONCLUSION Airway management is very important in patients with cervical haemorrhage. After the administration of muscle relaxants, the loss of oropharyngeal support can cause acute airway obstruction. Therefore, muscle relaxants should be administered with caution. Anaesthesiologists should pay careful attention to airway management and have alternative airway devices and tracheotomy equipment available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zheng Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Center, Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Center, Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Center, Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Center, Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zheng-Qian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Center, Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing 100191, China
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Familiari M, Di Santo D, Galli A, Danè G, Giordano L, Mellone R, Bussi M. Spontaneous extracapsular parathyroid adenoma hemorrhage: when surgery is required? Endocrine 2022; 75:575-582. [PMID: 34554413 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous bleeding is a rare but serious complication of parathyroid adenomas and few cases were reported in the literature. Clinical manifestations and treatment may vary but sometimes an immediate surgery is required. In other cases a conservative approach can be preferred based on clinical stability and patients' conditions. The purpose of this work is to describe our case and to carry out a review of the current literature on this topic. METHODS We reported a case of a parathyroid adenoma hemorrhage in an elderly patient describing its management. Moreover, a literature review of 57 cases was carried out, with the aim of collecting data about the most involved parathyroid gland and identifying the most correct management based on clinical manifestations and chosen treatments. RESULTS The patients had an age between 29 and 81 years (mean 56.9 ± 16.4 years). Forty-four patients were females (77.2%), whereas 12 were males (21.8%). Based on clinical severity, age, comorbidities and calcemic status, three possible scenarios were identified, each with a recommended management. CONCLUSIONS In parathyroid adenoma hemorrhages a careful clinical assessment is crucial to identify emergency conditions requiring immediate intubation, tracheostomy or neck exploration. Elderlies and comorbid patients have a higher risk of perioperative complications and indication for surgery should be evaluated case by case: whenever feasible, a conservative approach should be preferred in these subjects, especially in those with a stable course and without hypercalcemia-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Familiari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Di Santo
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56 Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Danè
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Leone Giordano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Mellone
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Bussi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Scientific Institute of Hospitalization and Care San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
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Porta L, Ghezzi R, Cadonici AC, Dalino Ciaramella P, Martes C, Basile A, Bellone A. An unusual case of neck hematoma and hypercalcemia. EMERGENCY CARE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.4081/ecj.2021.9548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequent cause of hypercalcemia is primary hyperparathyroidism, which can lead to systemic involvement and life-threatening conditions. We described a rare case of a parathyroid adenoma rupture with consequent bleeding and respiratory airway compression. An 84-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining neck swelling and related dysphagia. A computer tomography of the neck revealed an extensive left lateral hematoma, and a neck ultrasonography evidenced a hemorrhagic parathyroid adenoma, later confirmed by a 99 mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. To date only 40 cases of ruptured parathyroid adenomas have been described in literature, however due to the possibility of massive bleeding and compression of the airways this diagnosis should always be ruled out. The rupture of a parathyroid adenoma is a rare, but possibly life-threatening event due to airways compression and hemodynamic instability. Testing for hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism is mandatory to obtain a correct diagnosis.
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Schmitt J, Morvan JB, Pascaud D, Meaudre E. Traumatic rupture of a cystic parathyroid adenoma resulting in malignant hypercalcaemia. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2021; 138:225-226. [PMID: 33867248 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Schmitt
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte Anne-Fédération Anesthésie Réanimation Brûlés, 2, bd Sainte-Anne, BP 20545, 83041 Toulon cedex 9, France.
| | - J-B Morvan
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte Anne-Unité Chirurgicale d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, 2, bd Sainte-Anne, BP 20545, 83041 Toulon cedex 9, France
| | - D Pascaud
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte Anne-Unité Chirurgicale d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie, 2, bd Sainte-Anne, BP 20545, 83041 Toulon cedex 9, France
| | - E Meaudre
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte Anne-Fédération Anesthésie Réanimation Brûlés, 2, bd Sainte-Anne, BP 20545, 83041 Toulon cedex 9, France
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Zammit M, Siau R, Panarese A. Importance of serum calcium in spontaneous neck haematoma. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/9/e237267. [PMID: 32895253 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an unusual case of spontaneous cervical haemorrhage secondary to extra-capsular bleeding from a parathyroid adenoma. Signs and symptoms on presentation included sore throat, dysphagia and anterior chest ecchymosis. While CT confirmed active cervical haemorrhage, elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone raised suspicion of possible parathyroid pathology. This case report and literature review highlight the diagnostic value of serum calcium in presentations of acute spontaneous neck haematoma. This should be considered especially in the acute phase, where imaging may not identify the source of haemorrhage. Initial observation and deferred surgery is the treatment of choice, with emergency operative management reserved for respiratory distress and worsening compressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zammit
- ENT, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Siau
- ENT, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Ivkić B, Košec A, Vagić D, Bedeković V. Spontaneous massive extracapsular haemorrhage in a parathyroid carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 92:77-79. [PMID: 31628876 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Ivkić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre 'Sestre milosrdnice', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andro Košec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre 'Sestre milosrdnice', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Vagić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Centre 'Sestre milosrdnice', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Bedeković
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre 'Sestre milosrdnice', Zagreb, Croatia
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Alfraidy D, Helmi H, Alamodi Alghamdi M, Bokhari A, Alsaif A. Rare cause of acute neck hematoma. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:1378-1381. [PMID: 31360492 PMCID: PMC6637329 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergencies in endocrine surgery are rare. Acute neck hematoma may result from recent surgery or spontaneous as with ruptured thyroidal cyst, thyroidal vessel, or parathyroid adenoma. We are reporting a case of acute neck hematoma caused by a ruptured of parathyroid adenoma, which required urgent surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Alfraidy
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Helmi
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alamodi Alghamdi
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Areej Bokhari
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsaif
- Department of Surgery, King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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Nontraumatic Parapharyngeal Haematoma: A Rare Lesion. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2018; 2018:7340937. [PMID: 30473899 PMCID: PMC6220395 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7340937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontraumatic haematoma of parapharyngeal space is very rare and may cause dysphagia and dyspnea. The authors present a case report of a 74-year-old woman with sudden nontraumatic neck swelling without dyspnea and with left pharyngeal bulging and endolaryngeal displacement. Parathyroid hormone elevation and imaging exams confirmed bleeding from a parathyroid adenoma. Symptoms and signs resolved after one week of conservative treatment. There are few cases of parapharyngeal haematomas caused by parathyroid adenomas. Most patients can be managed without emergent surgery, but close airway monitoring is fundamental.
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