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Wang L, Qu F, Yu X, Yang S, Zhao B, Chen Y, Li P, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Han X, Wei D. Cortical lipid metabolic pathway alteration of early Alzheimer's disease and candidate drugs screen. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:199. [PMID: 38528586 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism changes occur in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Yet little is known about metabolic gene changes in early AD cortex. METHODS The lipid metabolic genes selected from two datasets (GSE39420 and GSE118553) were analyzed with enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction network construction and correlation analyses were used to screen core genes. Literature analysis and molecular docking were applied to explore potential therapeutic drugs. RESULTS 60 lipid metabolic genes differentially expressed in early AD patients' cortex were screened. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that up-regulated genes were mainly focused on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mediating the activation of long-chain fatty acids, phosphoproteins, and cholesterol metabolism. Down-regulated genes were mainly focused on lipid transport, carboxylic acid metabolic process, and neuron apoptotic process. Literature reviews and molecular docking results indicated that ACSL1, ACSBG2, ACAA2, FABP3, ALDH5A1, and FFAR4 were core targets for lipid metabolism disorder and had a high binding affinity with compounds including adenosine phosphate, oxidized Photinus luciferin, BMS-488043, and candidate therapeutic drugs especially bisphenol A, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinyl estradiol. CONCLUSIONS AD cortical lipid metabolism disorder was associated with the dysregulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, ferroptosis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty acid elongation. Candidate drugs including bisphenol A, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinyl estradiol, and active compounds including adenosine phosphate, oxidized Photinus luciferin, and BMS-488043 have potential therapeutic effects on cortical lipid metabolism disorder of early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshuang Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fengxue Qu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueyun Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Sixia Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Institute of Gerontology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Pengbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Xuejie Han
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dongfeng Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Walker JM, Orr ME, Orr TC, Thorn EL, Christie TD, Yokoda RT, Vij M, Ehrenberg AJ, Marx GA, McKenzie AT, Kauffman J, Selmanovic E, Wisniewski T, Drummond E, White CL, Crary JF, Farrell K, Kautz TF, Daoud EV, Richardson TE. Spatial proteomics of hippocampal subfield-specific pathology in Alzheimer's disease and primary age-related tauopathy. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:783-797. [PMID: 37777848 PMCID: PMC10916977 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary age-related tauopathy (PART) both harbor 3R/4R hyperphosphorylated-tau (p-tau)-positive neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) but differ in the spatial p-tau development in the hippocampus. METHODS Using Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling, we compared protein expression within hippocampal subregions in NFT-bearing and non-NFT-bearing neurons in AD (n = 7) and PART (n = 7) subjects. RESULTS Proteomic measures of synaptic health were inversely correlated with the subregional p-tau burden in AD and PART, and there were numerous differences in proteins involved in proteostasis, amyloid beta (Aβ) processing, inflammation, microglia, oxidative stress, and neuronal/synaptic health between AD and PART and between definite PART and possible PART. DISCUSSION These results suggest subfield-specific proteome differences that may explain some of the differences in Aβ and p-tau distribution and apparent pathogenicity. In addition, hippocampal neurons in possible PART may have more in common with AD than with definite PART, highlighting the importance of Aβ in the pathologic process. HIGHLIGHTS Synaptic health is inversely correlated with local p-tau burden. The proteome of NFT- and non-NFT-bearing neurons is influenced by the presence of Aβ in the hippocampus. Neurons in possible PART cases share more proteomic similarities with neurons in ADNC than they do with neurons in definite PART cases.
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3
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Yu M, Xi Y, Han G, Jin Y, Wang G, Sun X, Zhou J, Ding Y. Nasal delivery of polymeric nanoDisc mobilizes a synergy of central and peripheral amyloid-β clearance to treat Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304213120. [PMID: 38085773 PMCID: PMC10743360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304213120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The disequilibrium of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) between the central and peripheral pools has been claimed as an initiating event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we employ discoidal high-density lipoproteins (HDL-Disc) mimicking Aβ antibody for directional flux of Aβ from central to peripheral catabolism, with desirable safety and translation potential. Structurally, HDL-Disc assembly (polyDisc) is prepared with aid of chitosan derivative polymerization. After intranasal administration and response to slightly acidic nasal microenvironment, polyDisc depolymerizes into carrier-free HDL-Disc with chitosan derivatives that adhere to the mucosal layer to reversibly open tight junctions, helping HDL-Disc penetrate the olfactory pathway into brain. Thereafter, HDL-Disc captures Aβ into microglia for central clearance or ferries Aβ out of the brain for liver-mediated compensatory catabolism. For synergy therapy, intranasal administration of polyDisc can effectively reduce intracerebral Aβ burden by 97.3% and vascular Aβ burden by 73.5%, ameliorate neurologic damage, and rescue memory deficits in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic AD mice with improved safety, especially vascular safety. Collectively, this design provides a proof of concept for developing Aβ antibody mimics to mobilize a synergy of central and peripheral Aβ clearance for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Guochen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Yi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Xinzhu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang550014, China
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4
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Chen K, Wang M, Long D, Zou D, Li X, Wang R, Wang Y, Yang L. Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Profiles in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3879-3892. [PMID: 37966014 PMCID: PMC10696610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanism of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to seek the hub proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which display significant changes between the PHN and nonpainful patients (Control). First, the proteomic results showed that compared with the Control-CSF, there were 100 upregulated and 50 downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the PHN-CSF. Besides, functional analyses including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that biological processes and pathways including complement activation, infection, coagulation, and lipid metabolism were activated, while synaptic organization was suppressed. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that increased PLG, F2, APOA1, APOA2, SERPINC1, and KNG1 and reduced APOE, which were all enriched in the top pathways according to the KEGG analysis, were defined as hub proteins. Finally, three of the hub proteins, such as PLG, APOA1, and APOE, were reconfirmed in a larger cohort using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting methods. Above all, the results indicated that PLG, APOA1, and APOE and their involved processes such as infection, inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and coagulation shall be potential therapeutic approaches. (The raw mass spectrometry proteome data and search results have been deposited to the iProx-integrated Proteome Resources (http://www.iprox.cn) with the data set identifier IPX0007372000.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dongju Long
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dingquan Zou
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns
Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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5
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Nassar A, Kodi T, Satarker S, Chowdari Gurram P, Upadhya D, SM F, Mudgal J, Nampoothiri M. Astrocytic MicroRNAs and Transcription Factors in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244111. [PMID: 36552875 PMCID: PMC9776935 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are important for maintaining cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and neurotransmission. Indeed, inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration contribute to the altered morphology, gene expression, and function of astrocytes. Astrocytes, in collaboration with numerous microRNAs, regulate brain cholesterol levels as well as glutamatergic and inflammatory signaling, all of which contribute to general brain homeostasis. Neural electrical activity, synaptic plasticity processes, learning, and memory are dependent on the astrocyte-neuron crosstalk. Here, we review the involvement of astrocytic microRNAs that potentially regulate cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction between astrocytic microRNAs and long non-coding RNA and transcription factors specific to astrocytes also contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, astrocytic microRNAs arise as a promising target, as AD conditions are a worldwide public health problem. This review examines novel therapeutic strategies to target astrocyte dysfunction in AD, such as lipid nanodiscs, engineered G protein-coupled receptors, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Triveni Kodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sairaj Satarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasada Chowdari Gurram
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Fayaz SM
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence:
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Nasseri GG, Matin N, Wild AR, Tosefsky K, Flibotte S, Stacey RG, Hollman RB, Foster LJ, Bamji SX. Synaptic activity-dependent changes in the hippocampal palmitoylome. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eadd2519. [PMID: 36473050 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic protein S-palmitoylation is critical for neuronal function, development, and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity-dependent changes in palmitoylation have been reported for a small number of proteins. Here, we characterized the palmitoylome in the hippocampi of male mice before and after context-dependent fear conditioning. Of the 121 differentially palmitoylated proteins identified, just over half were synaptic proteins, whereas others were associated with metabolic functions, cytoskeletal organization, and signal transduction. The synapse-associated proteins generally exhibited increased palmitoylation after fear conditioning. In contrast, most of the proteins that exhibited decreased palmitoylation were associated with metabolic processes. Similar results were seen in cultured rat hippocampal neurons in response to chemically induced long-term potentiation. Furthermore, we found that the palmitoylation of one of the synaptic proteins, plasticity-related gene-1 (PRG-1), also known as lipid phosphate phosphatase-related protein type 4 (LPPR4), was important for synaptic activity-induced insertion of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) into the postsynaptic membrane. The findings identify proteins whose dynamic palmitoylation may regulate their role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glory G Nasseri
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nusrat Matin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela R Wild
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kira Tosefsky
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - R Greg Stacey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rocio B Hollman
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Gong J, Harris K, Peters SA, Woodward M. Serum lipid traits and the risk of dementia: A cohort study of 254,575 women and 214,891 men in the UK Biobank. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 54:101695. [PMID: 36247924 PMCID: PMC9561731 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum lipid traits are associated with cardiovascular disease, but uncertainty remains regarding their associations with dementia. Methods From 2006 to 2010, 254,575 women and 214,891 men were included from the UK Biobank. Cox regression estimated overall and sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for apolipoprotein A (ApoA), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein A, and various lipid ratios, by quarters and standard deviation (SD) higher, associated with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Subgroup analyses by age and social deprivation were conducted. Findings Over 11·8 years (median), 3734 all-cause dementia (1,716 women), 1231 AD and 929 VaD were recorded. Compared to respective lowest quarters, highest quarter of ApoA was associated with lower dementia risk (HR, [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]: 0·77 [0·69, 0·86]) while the highest quarter of ApoB was associated with greater risk (HR, 1·12 [1·01, 1·24]). Higher HDL/ApoA and ApoB/ApoA, were associated with greater risk of dementia (HR, 1·12 [1·00, 1·25], per standard deviation (SD), 1.23 [1·11, 1·37], per SD, respectively), LDL/ApoB was inversely associated (HR, 0·85 [0·76, 0·94], per SD. Higher triglycerides was associated with higher dementia risk in <60 years, but the inverse was observed for ≥60 years. Similar associations were observed for VaD and AD. Interpretation Apolipoproteins, and their ratios, were associated with the risk of dementia. It may be prudent to consider apolipoproteins, along with circulating cholesterol, when assessing dementia risk. Funding University of New South Wales, UK Medical Research Council, and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gong
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Katie Harris
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Sanne A.E. Peters
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Central Working - Fourth Floor, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College London, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 5, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Central Working - Fourth Floor, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College London, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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8
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Vanherle S, Jorissen W, Dierckx T, Loix M, Grajchen E, Mingneau F, Guns J, Gervois P, Lambrichts I, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Mulder MT, Remaley AT, Haidar M, Hendriks JJ, Bogie JJ. The ApoA-I mimetic peptide 5A enhances remyelination by promoting clearance and degradation of myelin debris. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Scarfò G, Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Franzoni F, Martini C. Exploring the Role of Lipid-Binding Proteins and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on the Neuroprotective Effects of Nutraceutical Supplementation and Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2116. [PMID: 36358488 PMCID: PMC9686611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is primarily composed of lipids, and their homeostasis is crucial to carry on normal neuronal functions. In order to provide an adequate amount of lipid transport in and out of the central nervous system, organisms need a set of proteins able to bind them. Therefore, alterations in the structure or function of lipid-binding proteins negatively affect brain homeostasis, as well as increase inflammation and oxidative stress with the consequent risk of neurodegeneration. In this regard, lifestyle changes seem to be protective against neurodegenerative processes. Nutraceutical supplementation with antioxidant molecules has proven to be useful in proving cognitive functions. Additionally, regular physical activity seems to protect neuronal vitality and increases antioxidant defenses. The aim of the present review was to investigate mechanisms that link lipid-binding protein dysfunction and oxidative stress to cognitive decline, also underlining the neuroprotective effects of diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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O’Donnell MJ, McQueen M, Sniderman A, Pare G, Wang X, Hankey GJ, Rangarajan S, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, Ferguson J, Xavier D, Lisheng L, Zhang H, Pais P, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Damasceno A, Langhorne P, Rosengren A, Dans AL, Elsayed A, Avezum A, Mondo C, Judge C, Diener HC, Ryglewicz D, Czlonkowska A, Pogosova N, Weimar C, Iqbal R, Diaz R, Yusoff K, Yusufali A, Oguz A, Penaherrera E, Lanas F, Ogah OS, Ogunniyi A, Iversen HK, Malaga G, Rumboldt Z, Oveisgharan S, Al Hussain F, Nilanont Y, Yusuf S. Association of Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins with Stroke Subtypes in an International Case Control Study (INTERSTROKE). J Stroke 2022; 24:224-235. [PMID: 35677977 PMCID: PMC9194539 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2021.02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The association of dyslipidemia with stroke has been inconsistent, which may be due to differing associations within etiological stroke subtypes. We sought to determine the association of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins within stroke subtypes.Methods Standardized incident case-control STROKE study in 32 countries. Cases were patients with acute hospitalized first stroke, and matched by age, sex and site to controls. Concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and apoB were measured. Non-HDL-C was calculated. We estimated multivariable odds ratio (OR) and population attributable risk percentage (PAR%). Outcome measures were all stroke, ischemic stroke (and subtypes), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Results Our analysis included 11,898 matched case-control pairs; 77.3% with ischemic stroke and 22.7% with ICH. Increasing apoB (OR, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.14 per standard deviation [SD]) and LDL-C (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10 per SD) were associated with an increase in risk of ischemic stroke, but a reduced risk of ICH. Increased apoB was significantly associated with large vessel stroke (PAR 13.4%; 95% CI, 5.6 to 28.4) and stroke of undetermined cause. Higher HDL-C (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.78 per SD) and apoA1 (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.66 per SD) were associated with ischemic stroke (and subtypes). While increasing HDL-C was associated with an increased risk of ICH (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.27 per SD), apoA1 was associated with a reduced risk (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.85 per SD). ApoB/A1 (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.44 per SD) had a stronger magnitude of association than the ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.31 per SD) with ischemic stroke (<i>P</i><0.0001). Conclusions The pattern and magnitude of association of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins with stroke varies by etiological stroke subtype. While the directions of association for LDL, HDL, and apoB were opposing for ischemic stroke and ICH, apoA1 was associated with a reduction in both ischemic stroke and ICH. The ratio of apoB/A1 was the best lipid predictor of ischemic stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. O’Donnell
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, HRB-Clinical Research Facility, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: Martin J. O’Donnell Department of Medicine, HRB-Clinical Research Facility, NUI Galway, Newcastle Rd., Galway, Ireland Tel: +353-91-494-098 Fax: +353-905-297-3781 E-mail:
| | - Matthew McQueen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allan Sniderman
- Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xingyu Wang
- National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Siu Lim Chin
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Purnima Rao-Melacini
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, HRB-Clinical Research Facility, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Denis Xavier
- St John’s Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Liu Lisheng
- National Center of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongye Zhang
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Prem Pais
- St John’s Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander-Clinica Carlos Ardila Lulle (FOSCAL), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Peter Langhorne
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio L. Dans
- College of Medicine, University of Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ahmed Elsayed
- Department of Surgery, Al Shaab Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alvaro Avezum
- International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mondo
- Department of Cardiology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Conor Judge
- Department of Medicine, HRB-Clinical Research Facility, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hans-Christoph Diener
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Anna Czlonkowska
- Department of Neurology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nana Pogosova
- National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Weimar
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Romana Iqbal
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rafael Diaz
- Estudios Clínicos Latino America (ECLA), Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (ICR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Khalid Yusoff
- University College Sedaya International (UCSI) University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Afzalhussein Yusufali
- Department of Medicine, Hatta Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aytekin Oguz
- Department of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Fernando Lanas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Okechukwu S. Ogah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongchai Nilanont
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Tong JH, Gong SQ, Zhang YS, Dong JR, Zhong X, Wei MJ, Liu MY. Association of Circulating Apolipoprotein AI Levels in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:899175. [PMID: 35663584 PMCID: PMC9157647 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.899175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of medicine, our research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been further deepened, but the mechanism of its occurrence and development has not been fully revealed, and there is currently no effective treatment method. Several studies have shown that apolipoprotein AI (ApoA-I) can affect the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease by binding to amyloid β (Aβ). However, the association between circulating levels of ApoA-I and AD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies published between 1992 and 2017 to determine whether the ApoA-I levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are abnormal in AD. Literatures were searched in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases without language limitations. A pooled subject sample including 1,077 AD patients and 1,271 healthy controls (HCs) was available to assess circulating ApoA-I levels; 747 AD patients and 680 HCs were included for ApoA-I levels in serum; 246 AD patients and 456 HCs were included for ApoA-I levels in plasma; 201 AD patients and 447 HCs were included for ApoA-I levels in CSF. It was found that serum and plasma levels of ApoA-I were significantly reduced in AD patients compared with HCs {[standardized mean difference (SMD) = −1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.72, −0.59); P = 0.000] and [SMD = −1.13; 95% CI (−2.05, −0.21); P = 0.016]}. Patients with AD showed a tendency toward higher CSF ApoA-I levels compared with HCs, although this difference was non-significant [SMD = 0.20; 95% CI (−0.16, 0.56); P = 0.273]. In addition, when we analyzed the ApoA-I levels of serum and plasma together, the circulating ApoA-I levels in AD patients was significantly lower [SMD = −1.15; 95% CI (−1.63, −0.66); P = 0.000]. These results indicate that ApoA-I deficiency may be a risk factor of AD, and ApoA-I has the potential to serve as a biomarker for AD and provide experimental evidence for diagnosis of AD. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: 325961.
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12
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Identification of Potential Targets Linked to the Cardiovascular/Alzheimer’s Axis through Bioinformatics Approaches. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020389. [PMID: 35203598 PMCID: PMC8962298 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of common targets in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in recent years makes the study of the CVD/AD axis a research topic of great interest. Besides aging, other links between CVD and AD have been described, suggesting the existence of common molecular mechanisms. Our study aimed to identify common targets in the CVD/AD axis. For this purpose, genomic data from calcified and healthy femoral artery samples were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were used to generate a protein–protein interaction network, where a module related to AD was identified. This module was enriched with the functionally closest proteins and analyzed using different centrality algorithms to determine the main targets in the CVD/AD axis. Validation was performed by proteomic and data mining analyses. The proteins identified with an important role in both pathologies were apolipoprotein E and haptoglobin as DEGs, with a fold change about +2 and −2, in calcified femoral artery vs healthy artery, respectively, and clusterin and alpha-2-macroglobulin as close interactors that matched in our proteomic analysis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the specific role of these proteins, and to evaluate its function as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Endres K. Apolipoprotein A1, the neglected relative of Apolipoprotein E and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2141-2148. [PMID: 33818485 PMCID: PMC8354123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are multi-molecule assemblies with the primary function of transportation and processing of lipophilic substances within aqueous bodily fluids (blood, cerebrospinal fluid). Nevertheless, they also exert other physiological functions such as immune regulation. In particular, neurons are both sensitive to uncontrolled responses of the immune system and highly dependent on a controlled and sufficient supply of lipids. For this reason, the role of certain lipoproteins and their protein-component (apolipoproteins, Apo's) in neurological diseases is perceivable. ApoE, for example, is well-accepted as one of the major risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer's disease with a protective allele variant (ε2) and a risk-causing allele variant (ε4). ApoA1, the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins, is responsible for transportation of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. The protein is synthesized in the liver and intestine but also can enter the brain via the choroid plexus and thereby might have an impact on brain lipid homeostasis. This review focuses on the role of ApoA1 in Alzheimer's disease and discusses whether its role within this neurodegenerative disorder is specific or represents a general neuroprotective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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14
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Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175311. [PMID: 34500744 PMCID: PMC8434053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use has been growing recently and it is legally consumed in many countries. Cannabis has a variety of phytochemicals including cannabinoids, which might impair the peripheral systems responses affecting inflammatory and immunological pathways. However, the exact signaling pathways that induce these effects need further understanding. The objective of this study is to investigate the serum proteomic profiling in patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) as compared with healthy control subjects. The novelty of our study is to highlight the differentially changes proteins in the serum of CUD patients. Certain proteins can be targeted in the future to attenuate the toxicological effects of cannabis. Blood samples were collected from 20 male individuals: 10 healthy controls and 10 CUD patients. An untargeted proteomic technique employing two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed in this study to assess the differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis identified a total of 121 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression between CUD patients (experimental group) and healthy individuals (control group). For instance, the serum expression of inactive tyrosine protein kinase PEAK1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 were increased in CUD group. In contrast, the serum expression of transthyretin and serotransferrin were reduced in CUD group. Among these proteins, 55 proteins were significantly upregulated and 66 proteins significantly downregulated in CUD patients as compared with healthy control group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) found that these differentially expressed proteins are linked to p38MAPK, interleukin 12 complex, nuclear factor-κB, and other signaling pathways. Our work indicates that the differentially expressed serum proteins between CUD and control groups are correlated to liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (RXR), farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation, and acute phase response signaling.
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15
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Kim JH, Lim DK, Suh YH, Chang KA. Long-Term Treatment of Cuban Policosanol Attenuates Abnormal Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response via Amyloid Plaques Reduction in 5xFAD Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081321. [PMID: 34439569 PMCID: PMC8389325 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in cognitive decline or dementia, the number of patients with AD is continuously increasing. Although a lot of great progress has been made in research and development of AD therapeutics, there is no fundamental cure for this disease yet. This study demonstrated the memory-improving effects of Cuban policosanol (PCO) in 5xFAD mice, which is an animal model of AD. Following 4-months of treatment with PCO in 5xFAD mice, we found that the number of amyloid plaques decreased in the brain compared to the vehicle-treated 5xFAD mice. Long-term PCO treatment in 5xFAD mice resulted in the reduction of gliosis and abnormal inflammatory cytokines level (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in the cortex and hippocampus. Levels of lipid peroxide (4-hydroxynonenal [4-HNE]) and superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) levels were also recoverd in the brains of PCO-treated 5xFAD mice. Notably, PCO administration reduced memory deficits in the passive avoidance test, as well as synaptic loss (PSD-95, synaptophysin) in 5xFAD mice. Collectively, we identified the potential effects of PCO as a useful supplement to delay or prevent AD progression by inhibiting the formation of Aβ plaques in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Insiue for Healh Sciences & Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Dong-Kyun Lim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Yoo-Hun Suh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (Y.-H.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Insiue for Healh Sciences & Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (D.-K.L.); (Y.-H.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-899-6411
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Jin Y, Chifodya K, Han G, Jiang W, Chen Y, Shi Y, Xu Q, Xi Y, Wang J, Zhou J, Zhang H, Ding Y. High-density lipoprotein in Alzheimer's disease: From potential biomarkers to therapeutics. J Control Release 2021; 338:56-70. [PMID: 34391838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in vivo and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become an inspiration for HDL-inspired AD therapy, including plain HDL and various intelligent HDL-based drug delivery systems. In this review, we will focus on the two endogenous HDL subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS), apolipoprotein E-based HDL (apoE-HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I-based HDL (apoA-I-HDL), especially their influence on AD pathophysiology to reveal HDL's potential as biomarkers for risk prediction, and summarize the relevant therapeutic mechanisms to propose possible treatment strategies. We will emphasize the latest advances of HDL as therapeutics (plain HDL and HDL-based drug delivery systems) to discuss the potential for AD therapy and review innovative techniques in the preparation of HDL-based nanoplatforms to provide a basis for the rational design and future development of anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kudzai Chifodya
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guochen Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Smit T, Deshayes NAC, Borchelt DR, Kamphuis W, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Reactive astrocytes as treatment targets in Alzheimer's disease-Systematic review of studies using the APPswePS1dE9 mouse model. Glia 2021; 69:1852-1881. [PMID: 33634529 PMCID: PMC8247905 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate synaptic communication and are essential for proper brain functioning. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) astrocytes become reactive, which is characterized by an increased expression of intermediate filament proteins and cellular hypertrophy. Reactive astrocytes are found in close association with amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits. Synaptic communication and neuronal network function could be directly modulated by reactive astrocytes, potentially contributing to cognitive decline in AD. In this review, we focus on reactive astrocytes as treatment targets in AD in the APPswePS1dE9 AD mouse model, a widely used model to study amyloidosis and gliosis. We first give an overview of the model; that is, how it was generated, which cells express the transgenes, and the effect of its genetic background on Aβ pathology. Subsequently, to determine whether modifying reactive astrocytes in AD could influence pathogenesis and cognition, we review studies using this mouse model in which interventions were directly targeted at reactive astrocytes or had an indirect effect on reactive astrocytes. Overall, studies specifically targeting astrocytes to reduce astrogliosis showed beneficial effects on cognition, which indicates that targeting astrocytes should be included in developing novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Smit
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Natasja A. C. Deshayes
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - David R. Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Willem Kamphuis
- Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of ImmunobiologyBiomedical Primate Research CentreRijswijkThe Netherlands
| | - Elly M. Hol
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Li M, Ke J, Deng Y, Chen C, Huang Y, Bian Y, Guo S, Wu Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Han Y. The Protective Effect of Liquiritin in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Disruption on Blood Brain Barrier. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671783. [PMID: 34295249 PMCID: PMC8290897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in human life health, but current treatment strategies are limited to thrombolytic therapy, and because of the tight time window, many contraindications, and only a very small number of people can benefit from it, new therapeutic strategies are needed to solve this problem. As a physical barrier between the central nervous system and blood, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Maintaining the integrity of the BBB may emerge as a new therapeutic strategy. Liquiritin (LQ) is a flavonoid isolated from the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. (Fabaceae), and this study aims to investigate the protective effects of LQ on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), to provide a new therapeutic strategy for stroke treatment, and also to provide research ideas for the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods: The protective effects of LQ on HBMECs under the treatment of hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) were investigated from different aspects by establishing a model of H/R injury to mimic ischemia-reperfusion in vivo while administrating different concentrations of LQ, which includes: cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, mitochondrial membrane potential as well as apoptosis. Meanwhile, the mechanism of LQ to protect the integrity of BBB by antioxidation and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was also investigated. Finally, to search for possible targets of LQ, a proteomic analysis approach was employed. Results: LQ can promote cell proliferation, migration as well as angiogenesis and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential damage and apoptosis. Meanwhile, LQ can also reduce the expression of related adhesion molecules, and decrease the production of reactive oxygen species. In terms of mechanism study, we demonstrated that LQ could activate Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, inhibit ER stress, and maintain the integrity of BBB. Through differential protein analysis, 5 disease associated proteins were found. Conclusions: Studies have shown that LQ can promote cell proliferation, migration as well as angiogenesis, and reduce cell apoptosis, which may be related to its inhibition of oxidative and ER stress, and then maintain the integrity of BBB. Given that five differential proteins were found by protein analysis, future studies will revolve around the five differential proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Deng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefeng Bian
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufen Guo
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Development of a novel, sensitive translational immunoassay to detect plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after murine traumatic brain injury. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:58. [PMID: 33678186 PMCID: PMC7938597 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has emerged as a promising fluid biomarker for several neurological indications including traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In humans, serum or plasma GFAP levels can predict brain abnormalities including hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, assays to quantify plasma or serum GFAP in preclinical models are not yet available. Methods We developed and validated a novel sensitive GFAP immunoassay assay for mouse plasma on the Meso Scale Discovery immunoassay platform and validated assay performance for robustness, precision, limits of quantification, dilutional linearity, parallelism, recovery, stability, selectivity, and pre-analytical factors. To provide proof-of-concept data for this assay as a translational research tool for TBI and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), plasma GFAP was measured in mice exposed to TBI using the Closed Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA) model and in APP/PS1 mice with normal or reduced levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Results We performed a partial validation of our novel assay and found its performance by the parameters studied was similar to assays used to quantify human GFAP in clinical neurotrauma blood specimens and to assays used to measure murine GFAP in tissues. Specifically, we demonstrated an intra-assay CV of 5.0%, an inter-assay CV of 7.2%, a lower limit of detection (LLOD) of 9.0 pg/mL, a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 24.8 pg/mL, an upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) of at least 16,533.9 pg/mL, dilution linearity of calibrators from 20 to 200,000 pg/mL with 90–123% recovery, dilution linearity of plasma specimens up to 32-fold with 96–112% recovery, spike recovery of 67–100%, and excellent analyte stability in specimens exposed to up to 7 freeze-thaw cycles, 168 h at 4 °C, 24 h at room temperature (RT), or 30 days at − 20 °C. We also observed elevated plasma GFAP in mice 6 h after TBI and in aged APP/PS1 mice with plasma HDL deficiency. This assay also detects GFAP in serum. Conclusions This novel assay is a valuable translational tool that may help to provide insights into the mechanistic pathophysiology of TBI and AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00793-9.
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. APOA1: a Protein with Multiple Therapeutic Functions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 33591433 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Apolipoprotein (APO) A1, the main apolipoprotein of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), has several well documented cardioprotective functions. A number of additional potentially beneficial functions of APOA1 have recently been identified. This review is concerned with the therapeutic potential of all of these functions in multiple disease states. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge of the beneficial functions of APOA1 in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders is increasing exponentially. These insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and APOA1-containing, synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) preparations that mimic the functions of full-length APOA1. APOA1 is a multifunctional apolipoprotein that has therapeutic potential in several diseases. Translation of this knowledge into the clinic is likely to be dependent on the efficacy and bioavailability of small peptides and synthetic rHDL preparations that are currently under investigation, or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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21
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Long QH, Wu YG, He LL, Ding L, Tan AH, Shi HY, Wang P. Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction ameliorates synaptic plasticity through inhibition of the Aβ deposition and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in AD model of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Chin Med 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 33478552 PMCID: PMC7818567 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction (SZRD) has been widely used to treat neurological illnesses, including dementia, insomnia and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying SZRD’s improvement in cognitive function remain unclear. In this study, we examined SZRD’s effect on APP/PS1 transgenic mice and mechanisms associated with SZRD’s action in alleviating neuroinflammation and improving synaptic plasticity. Methods
The APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of SZRD (12.96 and 25.92 g/kg/day, in L-SZRD and H-SZRD groups, respectively) for 4 weeks. Morris water maze was conducted to determine changes in behaviors of the mice after the treatment. Meanwhile, in the samples of the hippocampus, Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to detect synaptic plasticity. ELISA was applied to assess the expression levels of Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 in the hippocampus of mice. Western blot (WB) was employed to test the protein expression level of Aβ1−42, APP, ADAM10, BACE1, PS1, IDE, IBA1, GFAP, PSD95 and SYN, as well as the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and their phosphorylation patterns to detect the involvement of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Besides, we examined the serum and hippocampal contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α through ELISA. Results Compared to the APP/PS1 mice without any treatment, SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment of the APP/PS1 mice with decreases in the loss of neurons and Aβ plaque deposition as well as improvement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Also, SZRD, in particular, the L-SZRD markedly inhibited the serum and hippocampal concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, while reducing the expression of p-JAK2-Tyr1007 and p-STAT3-Tyr705 in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 mice (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, may improve the cognitive impairment and ameliorate the neural degeneration in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through inhibiting Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Ling He
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Ai-Hua Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - He-Yuan Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
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22
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Marsillach J, Adorni MP, Zimetti F, Papotti B, Zuliani G, Cervellati C. HDL Proteome and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence of a Link. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1224. [PMID: 33287338 PMCID: PMC7761753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of epidemiological evidence link increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This observed relationship might reflect the beneficial effects of HDL on the cardiovascular system, likely due to the implication of vascular dysregulation in AD development. The atheroprotective properties of this lipoprotein are mostly due to its proteome. In particular, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, E, and J and the antioxidant accessory protein paraoxonase 1 (PON1), are the main determinants of the biological function of HDL. Intriguingly, these HDL constituent proteins are also present in the brain, either from in situ expression, or derived from the periphery. Growing preclinical evidence suggests that these HDL proteins may prevent the aberrant changes in the brain that characterize AD pathogenesis. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on the role of these atheroprotective HDL-associated proteins in AD pathogenesis and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.Z.); (C.C.)
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23
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Tsujita M, Vaisman B, Chengyu L, Vickers KC, Okuhira KI, Braesch-Andersen S, Remaley AT. Apolipoprotein A-I in mouse cerebrospinal fluid derives from the liver and intestine via plasma high-density lipoproteins assembled by ABCA1 and LCAT. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:773-788. [PMID: 33020907 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the major structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is present in human and mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite its lack of expression in brain cells. To identify the origin of apoA-I in CSF, we generated intestine-specific and liver-specific Apoa1 knockout mice (Apoa1ΔInt and Apoa1Δliv mice, respectively). Lipoprotein profiles of Apoa1ΔInt and Apoa1ΔLiv mice resembled those of control littermates, whereas knockout of Apoa1 in both intestine and liver (Apoa1ΔIntΔLiv ) resulted in a 60-percent decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels, thus strongly mimicking the Apoa1-/- mice. Immunoassays revealed that mouse apoA-I was not present in the CSF of the Apoa1ΔIntΔLiv mice. Furthermore, apoA-I levels in CSF were highly correlated with plasma spherical HDL levels, which were regulated by ABCA1 and LCAT. Collectively, these results suggest that apoA-I protein in CSF originates in liver and small intestine and is taken up from the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Boris Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liu Chengyu
- Transgenic Core facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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24
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Diniz Pereira J, Gomes Fraga V, Morais Santos AL, Carvalho MDG, Caramelli P, Braga Gomes K. Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of proteomic studies. J Neurochem 2020; 156:753-776. [PMID: 32909269 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Similar to dementia, the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases with age, and T2DM also increases the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although T2DM is primarily a peripheral disorder and AD is a central nervous system disease, both share some common features as they are chronic and complex diseases, and both show involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in their progression. These characteristics suggest that T2DM may be associated with AD, which gave rise to a new term, type 3 diabetes (T3DM). In this study, we searched for matching peripheral proteomic biomarkers of AD and T2DM based in a systematic review of the available literature. We identified 17 common biomarkers that were differentially expressed in both patients with AD or T2DM when compared with healthy controls. These biomarkers could provide a useful workflow for screening T2DM patients at risk to develop AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Diniz Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gomes Fraga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Morais Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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25
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The Role of HDL and HDL Mimetic Peptides as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091276. [PMID: 32899606 PMCID: PMC7563116 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the cardiovascular system has been extensively studied and the cardioprotective effects of HDL are well established. As HDL particles are formed both in the systemic circulation and in the central nervous system, the role of HDL and its associated apolipoproteins in the brain has attracted much research interest in recent years. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, for which there currently exists no approved disease modifying treatment. Multiple lines of evidence, including a number of large-scale human clinical studies, have shown a robust connection between HDL levels and AD. Low levels of HDL are associated with increased risk and severity of AD, whereas high levels of HDL are correlated with superior cognitive function. Although the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDL in the brain are not fully understood, many of the functions of HDL, including reverse lipid/cholesterol transport, anti-inflammation/immune modulation, anti-oxidation, microvessel endothelial protection, and proteopathy modification, are thought to be critical for its beneficial effects. This review describes the current evidence for the role of HDL in AD and the potential of using small peptides mimicking HDL or its associated apolipoproteins (HDL-mimetic peptides) as therapeutics to treat AD.
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26
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Cable J, Holtzman DM, Hyman BT, Tansey MG, Colonna M, Kellis M, Brinton RD, Albert M, Wellington CL, Sisodia SS, Tanzi RE. Alternatives to amyloid for Alzheimer's disease therapies-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1475:3-14. [PMID: 32472577 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For decades, Alzheimer's disease research has focused on amyloid as the primary pathogenic agent. This focus has driven the development of numerous amyloid-targeting therapies; however, with one possible exception, none of these therapies have been effective in preventing or delaying cognitive decline in patients, and there are no approved disease-modifying agents. It is becoming more apparent that alternative drug targets are needed to address this complex disease. An increased understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathology has highlighted the need to target the appropriate disease pathology at the appropriate time in the disease course. Preclinical and early clinical studies have focused on targets, including inflammation, tau, vascular health, and the microbiome. This report summarizes the presentations from a New York Academy of Sciences' one-day symposium entitled "Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics: Alternatives to Amyloid," held on November 20, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Manolis Kellis
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sangram S Sisodia
- Department of Neurobiology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,The Microbiome Center, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Romani A, Trentini A, van der Flier WM, Bellini T, Zuliani G, Cervellati C, Teunissen CE. Arylesterase Activity of Paraoxonase-1 in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050456. [PMID: 32466344 PMCID: PMC7278748 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that circulating Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), which closely interacts with the antioxidant enzyme, could be implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) development. This study aimed to evaluate PON1 changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as evidence for its association with AD or VaD. METHODS Serum PON-arylesterase activity was measured in patients with AD, VaD, and CONTROLS distributed in two cohorts: Ferrara cohort (FC: n = 503, age = 74 years) and Amsterdam Dementia cohort (ADC: n = 71, age = 65 years). In the last cohort, CSF PON-arylesterase, CSF β-amyloid1-42, p-tau and t-tau, and imaging biomarkers were also measured. RESULTS AD and VaD patients of FC showed significantly lower levels of serum PON-arylesterase compared to CONTROLS, but this outcome was driven by older subjects (>71 years, p < 0.0001). In the younger ADC, a similar decreasing (but not significant) trend was observed in serum and CSF. Intriguingly, PON-arylesterase per APOA1 correlated with t-tau in AD group (r = -0.485, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION These results suggest that decreased peripheral PON-arylesterase might be a specific feature of older AD/VaD patients. Moreover, we showed that PON-arylesterase/APOA1 is inversely related to neurodegeneration in AD patients, suggesting a prognostic usefulness of this composite parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Romani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-053-2455-322
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.M.v.d.F.); (C.E.T.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.R.); (G.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.M.v.d.F.); (C.E.T.)
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28
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Gatti L, Tinelli F, Scelzo E, Arioli F, Di Fede G, Obici L, Pantoni L, Giaccone G, Caroppo P, Parati EA, Bersano A. Understanding the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103435. [PMID: 32414028 PMCID: PMC7279405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), one of the main types of cerebral small vessel disease, is a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and an important contributor to cognitive decline in elderly patients. Despite the number of experimental in vitro studies and animal models, the pathophysiology of CAA is still largely unknown. Although several pathogenic mechanisms including an unbalance between production and clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein as well as ‘the prion hypothesis’ have been invoked as possible disease triggers, they do not explain completely the disease pathogenesis. This incomplete disease knowledge limits the implementation of treatments able to prevent or halt the clinical progression. The continuous increase of CAA patients makes imperative the development of suitable experimental in vitro or animal models to identify disease biomarkers and new pharmacological treatments that could be administered in the early disease stages to prevent irreversible changes and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Tinelli
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Emma Scelzo
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Eugenio Agostino Parati
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0223943310
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29
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Robert J, Button EB, Martin EM, McAlary L, Gidden Z, Gilmour M, Boyce G, Caffrey TM, Agbay A, Clark A, Silverman JM, Cashman NR, Wellington CL. Cerebrovascular amyloid Angiopathy in bioengineered vessels is reduced by high-density lipoprotein particles enriched in Apolipoprotein E. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:23. [PMID: 32213187 PMCID: PMC7093966 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several lines of evidence suggest that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) reduces Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk by decreasing vascular beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and inflammation, however, the mechanisms by which HDL improve cerebrovascular functions relevant to AD remain poorly understood. Methods Here we use a human bioengineered model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) to define several mechanisms by which HDL reduces Aβ deposition within the vasculature and attenuates endothelial inflammation as measured by monocyte binding. Results We demonstrate that HDL reduces vascular Aβ accumulation independently of its principal binding protein, scavenger receptor (SR)-BI, in contrast to the SR-BI-dependent mechanism by which HDL prevents Aβ-induced vascular inflammation. We describe multiple novel mechanisms by which HDL acts to reduce CAA, namely: i) altering Aβ binding to collagen-I, ii) forming a complex with Aβ that maintains its solubility, iii) lowering collagen-I protein levels produced by smooth-muscle cells (SMC), and iv) attenuating Aβ uptake into SMC that associates with reduced low density lipoprotein related protein 1 (LRP1) levels. Furthermore, we show that HDL particles enriched in apolipoprotein (apo)E appear to be the major drivers of these effects, providing new insights into the peripheral role of apoE in AD, in particular, the fraction of HDL that contains apoE. Conclusion The findings in this study identify new mechanisms by which circulating HDL, particularly HDL particles enriched in apoE, may provide vascular resilience to Aβ and shed new light on a potential role of peripherally-acting apoE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Present address: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8000, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Emily B Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emma M Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Luke McAlary
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zoe Gidden
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Megan Gilmour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guilaine Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tara M Caffrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andrew Agbay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Amanda Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Judith M Silverman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Extracorporeal apheresis therapy for Alzheimer disease-targeting lipids, stress, and inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:275-282. [PMID: 31595035 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer disease (AD) remain disappointing and, hence, there is an urgent need for effective treatments. Here, we provide a perspective review on the emerging role of "metabolic inflammation" and stress as a key factor in the pathogenesis of AD and propose a novel rationale for correction of metabolic inflammation, increase resilience and potentially slow-down or halt the progression of the neurodegenerative process. Based on recent evidence and observations of an early pilot trial, we posit a potential use of extracorporeal apheresis in the prevention and treatment of AD. Apolipoprotein E, lipoprotein(a), oxidized LDL (low density lipoprotein)'s and large LDL particles, as well as other proinflammatory lipids and stress hormones such as cortisol, have been recognized as key factors in amyloid plaque formation and aggravation of AD. Extracorporeal lipoprotein apheresis systems employ well-established, powerful methods to provide an acute, reliable 60-80% reduction in the circulating concentration of these lipid classes and reduce acute cortisol levels. Following a double-membrane extracorporeal apheresis in patients with AD, there was a significant reduction of proinflammatory lipids, circulating cytokines, immune complexes, proinflammatory metals and toxic chaperones in patients with AD. On the basis of the above, we suggest designing clinical trials to assess the promising potential of such "cerebropheresis" treatment in patients with AD and, possibly, other neurodegenerative diseases.
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31
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The Amyloid-Tau-Neuroinflammation Axis in the Context of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246319. [PMID: 31847365 PMCID: PMC6941131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is typified by the cerebrovascular deposition of amyloid. Currently, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the contribution of CAA to neurodegeneration. Despite the fact that CAA is highly associated with the accumulation of Aβ, other types of amyloids have been shown to associate with the vasculature. Interestingly, in many cases, vascular amyloidosis has been associated with an active immune response and perivascular deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau. Despite the fact that in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) a major focus of research has been the understanding of the connection between parenchymal amyloid plaques, tau aggregates in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and immune activation, the contribution of tau and neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration associated with CAA remains understudied. In this review, we discussed the existing evidence regarding the amyloid diversity in CAA and its relation to tau pathology and immune response, as well as the possible contribution of molecular and cellular mechanisms, previously associated with parenchymal amyloid in AD and AD-related dementias, to the pathogenesis of CAA. The detailed understanding of the “amyloid-tau-neuroinflammation” axis in the context of CAA could open the opportunity to develop therapeutic interventions for dementias associated with CAA that are currently being proposed for AD and AD-related dementias.
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32
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Corraliza-Gomez M, Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. Lipid-Binding Proteins in Brain Health and Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1152. [PMID: 31787919 PMCID: PMC6854030 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A proper lipid management is paramount for a healthy brain. Lipid homeostasis alterations are known to be causative or risk factors for many neurodegenerative diseases, or key elements in the recovery from nervous system injuries of different etiology. In addition to lipid biogenesis and catabolism, non-enzymatic lipid-binding proteins play an important role in brain function and maintenance through aging. Among these types of lipoproteins, apolipoprotein E has received much attention due to the relationship of particular alleles of its gene with the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, other lipid-binding proteins whose role in lipid homeostasis and control are less known need to be brought to the attention of both researchers and clinicians. The aim of this review is to cover the knowledge of lipid-managing proteins in the brain, with particular attention to new candidates to be relevant for brain function and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Corraliza-Gomez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Diego Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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