1
|
Zanini G, Bertani G, Di Tinco R, Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Selleri V, Generali L, Marconi A, Mattioli AV, Pinti M, Carnevale G, Nasi M. Dental Pulp Stem Cells Modulate Inflammasome Pathway and Collagen Deposition of Dermal Fibroblasts. Cells 2024; 13:836. [PMID: 38786058 PMCID: PMC11120068 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological condition consisting of a delayed deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. This deregulation is mostly triggered by a chronic stimulus mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1, which activate fibroblasts. Due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive potential, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could affect fibrotic processes. This study aims to clarify if DPSCs can affect fibroblast activation and modulate collagen deposition. We set up a transwell co-culture system, where DPSCs were seeded above the monolayer of fibroblasts and stimulated with LPS or a combination of TNF-α and IL-1β and quantified a set of genes involved in inflammasome activation or ECM deposition. Cytokines-stimulated co-cultured fibroblasts, compared to unstimulated ones, showed a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, NAIP, AIM2, CASP1, FN1, and TGF-β genes. At the protein level, IL-1β and IL-6 release as well as FN1 were increased in stimulated, co-cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, we found a significant increase of MMP-9 production, suggesting a role of DPSCs in ECM remodeling. Our data seem to suggest a crosstalk between cultured fibroblasts and DPSCs, which seems to modulate genes involved in inflammasome activation, ECM deposition, wound healing, and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.)
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.)
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research—INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research—INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.C.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pignatti E, Maccaferri M, Pisciotta A, Carnevale G, Salvarani C. A comprehensive review on the role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:463-484. [PMID: 38163928 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2299729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations. Although the success of immune modulatory drug therapy is considerable, about 40% of patients do not respond to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on RA disease and on pre-clinical and clinical studies using MSCs from bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and dental pulp, to regulate the immune response. Moreover, the clinical use, safety, limitations, and future perspective of MSCs in RA are discussed. Using the PubMed database and ClincalTrials.gov, peer-reviewed full-text papers, abstracts and clinical trials were identified from 1985 through to April 2023. EXPERT OPINION MSCs demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and potential for clinical efficacy. However, it is mandatory to deepen the investigations on how MSCs affect the proinflammatory deregulated RA patients' cells. MSCs are potentially good candidates for severe RA patients not responding to conventional therapies but a long-term follow-up after stem cells treatment and standardized protocols are needed. Future research should focus on well-designed multicenter randomized clinical trials with adequate sample sizes and properly selected patients satisfying RA criteria for a valid efficacy evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Khorramdelazad H, Rajaei S, Hashemi SM. Therapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and immune checkpoints related molecules. Biomark Res 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 38515166 PMCID: PMC10958918 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are used in many studies due to their therapeutic potential, including their differentiative ability and immunomodulatory properties. These cells perform their therapeutic functions by using various mechanisms, such as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, direct cell-to-cell contact, extracellular vesicles (EVs) production, and mitochondrial transfer. However, mechanisms related to immune checkpoints (ICPs) and their effect on the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs are less discussed. The main function of ICPs is to prevent the initiation of unwanted responses and to regulate the immune system responses to maintain the homeostasis of these responses. ICPs are produced by various types of immune system regulatory cells, and defects in their expression and function may be associated with excessive responses that can ultimately lead to autoimmunity. Also, by expressing different types of ICPs and their ligands (ICPLs), tumor cells prevent the formation and durability of immune responses, which leads to tumors' immune escape. ICPs and ICPLs can be produced by MSCs and affect immune cell responses both through their secretion into the microenvironment or direct cell-to-cell interaction. Pre-treatment of MSCs in inflammatory conditions leads to an increase in their therapeutic potential. In addition to the effect that inflammatory environments have on the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by MSCs, they can increase the expression of various types of ICPLs. In this review, we discuss different types of ICPLs and ICPs expressed by MSCs and their effect on their immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Samira Rajaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tagliaferri N, Pisciotta A, Orlandi G, Bertani G, Di Tinco R, Bertoni L, Sena P, Lunghi A, Bianchi M, Veneri F, Bellini P, Bertacchini J, Conserva E, Consolo U, Carnevale G. Zirconia Hybrid Dental Implants Influence the Biological Properties of Neural Crest-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38470723 PMCID: PMC10934982 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Dental implants are regularly employed in tooth replacement, the good clinical outcome of which is strictly correlated to the choice of an appropriate implant biomaterial. Titanium-based implants are considered the gold standard for rehabilitation of edentulous spaces. However, the insurgence of allergic reactions, cellular sensitization and low integration with dental and gingival tissues lead to poor osseointegration, affecting the implant stability in the bone and favoring infections and inflammatory processes in the peri-implant space. These failures pave the way to develop and improve new biocompatible implant materials. CERID dental implants are made of a titanium core embedded in a zirconium dioxide ceramic layer, ensuring absence of corrosion, a higher biological compatibility and a better bone deposition compared to titanium ones. We investigated hDPSCs' biological behavior, i.e., cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology and osteogenic potential, when seeded on both CERID and titanium implants, before and after cleansing with two different procedures. SEM and AFM analysis of the surfaces showed that while CERID disks were not significantly affected by the cleansing system, titanium ones exhibited well-visible modifications after brush treatment, altering cell morphology. The proliferation rate of DPSCs was increased for titanium, while it remained unaltered for CERID. Both materials hold an intrinsic potential to promote osteogenic commitment of neuro-ectomesenchymal stromal cells. Interestingly, the CERID surface mitigated the immune response by inducing an upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on activated PBMCs when a pro-inflammatory microenvironment was established. Our in vitro results pave the way to further investigations aiming to corroborate the potential of CERID implants as suitable biomaterials for dental implant applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Tagliaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Alice Lunghi
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Veneri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Pierantonio Bellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Enrico Conserva
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (N.T.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (R.D.T.); (L.B.); (P.S.); (F.V.); (P.B.); (J.B.); (E.C.); (U.C.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cehakova M, Ivanisova D, Strecanska M, Plava J, Varchulova Novakova Z, Nicodemou A, Harsanyi S, Culenova M, Bernatova S, Danisovic L. Rheumatoid Synovial Fluid and Acidic Extracellular pH Modulate the Immunomodulatory Activity of Urine-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15856. [PMID: 37958839 PMCID: PMC10648750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine-derived stem cells (UdSCs) possess a remarkable anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activity. However, the clinical significance of UdSCs in autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is yet to be explored. Hence, we tested the UdSCs response to an articular RA microenvironment. To simulate the inflamed RA joint more authentically in vitro, we treated cells with rheumatoid synovial fluids (RASFs) collected from RA patients, serum deprivation, acidosis (pH 7.0 and 6.5), and their combinations. Firstly, the RASFs pro-inflammatory status was assessed by cytokine quantification. Then, UdSCs were exposed to the RA environmental factors for 48 h and cell proliferation, gene expression and secretion of immunomodulatory factors were evaluated. The immunosuppressive potential of pre-conditioned UdSCs was also assessed via co-cultivation with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In all experimental conditions, UdSCs' proliferation was not affected. Conversely, extracellular acidosis considerably impaired the viability/proliferation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ATSCs). In the majority of cases, exposure to RA components led to the upregulated expression of IL-6, TSG6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and PD-L1, all involved in immunomodulation. Upon RASFs and acidic stimulation, UdSCs secreted higher levels of immunomodulatory cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES, GM-CSF, and IL-4. Furthermore, RASFs and combined pretreatment with RASFs and acidosis promoted the UdSCs-mediated immunosuppression and the proliferation of activated PBMCs was significantly inhibited. Altogether, our data indicate that the RA microenvironment certainly has the capacity to enhance UdSCs' immunomodulatory function. For potential preclinical/clinical applications, the intra-articular injection might be a reasonable approach to maximize UdSCs' therapeutic efficiency in the RA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Cehakova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.S.); (Z.V.N.); (A.N.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (L.D.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Dana Ivanisova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Magdalena Strecanska
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.S.); (Z.V.N.); (A.N.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (L.D.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Jana Plava
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Varchulova Novakova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.S.); (Z.V.N.); (A.N.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (L.D.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Andreas Nicodemou
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.S.); (Z.V.N.); (A.N.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (L.D.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefan Harsanyi
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.S.); (Z.V.N.); (A.N.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (L.D.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Martina Culenova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.S.); (Z.V.N.); (A.N.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (L.D.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Sona Bernatova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia; (M.S.); (Z.V.N.); (A.N.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (L.D.)
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.I.); (J.P.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardinale V, Lanthier N, Baptista PM, Carpino G, Carnevale G, Orlando G, Angelico R, Manzia TM, Schuppan D, Pinzani M, Alvaro D, Ciccocioppo R, Uygun BE. Cell transplantation-based regenerative medicine in liver diseases. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1555-1572. [PMID: 37557073 PMCID: PMC10444572 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the current preclinical state of liver bioengineering, the clinical context for liver cell therapies, the cell sources, the delivery routes, and the results of clinical trials for end-stage liver disease. Different clinical settings, such as inborn errors of metabolism, acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and acute-on-chronic liver failure, as well as multiple cellular sources were analyzed; namely, hepatocytes, hepatic progenitor cells, biliary tree stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and macrophages. The highly heterogeneous clinical scenario of liver disease and the availability of multiple cellular sources endowed with different biological properties make this a multidisciplinary translational research challenge. Data on each individual liver disease and more accurate endpoints are urgently needed, together with a characterization of the regenerative pathways leading to potential therapeutic benefit. Here, we critically review these topics and identify related research needs and perspectives in preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Roberta Angelico
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Maria Manzia
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.O.U.I. Policlinico G.B. Rossi & University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Basak E Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Q, Zhuang Z, Bai R, Deng J, Xin T, Zhang Y, Li Q, Han B. Lysine 68 Methylation-Dependent SOX9 Stability Control Modulates Chondrogenic Differentiation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206757. [PMID: 37386801 PMCID: PMC10460901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), characterized by easy availability, multi-lineage differentiation ability, and high proliferation ability, are ideal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying chondrogenesis in DPSCs remains elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that KDM3A and G9A, an antagonistic pair of histone-modifying enzymes, bidirectionally regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by controlling SOX9 (sex-determining region Y-type high-mobility group box protein 9) degradation through lysine methylation. Transcriptomics analysis reveals that KDM3A is significantly upregulated during the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In vitro and in vivo functional analyses further indicate that KDM3A promotes chondrogenesis in DPSCs by boosting the SOX9 protein level, while G9A hinders the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by reducing the SOX9 protein level. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicate that KDM3A attenuates the ubiquitination of SOX9 by demethylating lysine (K) 68 residue, which in turn enhances SOX9 stability. Reciprocally, G9A facilitates SOX9 degradation by methylating K68 residue to increase the ubiquitination of SOX9. Meanwhile, BIX-01294 as a highly specific G9A inhibitor significantly induces the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. These findings provide a theoretical basis to ameliorate the clinical use of DPSCs in cartilage tissue-engineering therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Sun
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Zimeng Zhuang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Rushui Bai
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Tianyi Xin
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijing100081China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim HB, Kang MH, Baik KY, Kim JE, Park SB, Choung PH, Chung JH. Integration of blue light with near-infrared irradiation accelerates the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 245:112752. [PMID: 37451155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Blue light is used less in photobiomodulation than red or near-infrared light because of concerns about its high energy. However, some reports have suggested that blue light releases NO from nitrosated proteins, affects cell signal regulation, and promotes stem cell differentiation. Because blue and red lights could have different mechanisms of action, their combination is expected to have new consequences. In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were sequentially exposed to blue and near-infrared light to study their effects on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and immunomodulation. We found that NIR irradiation applied after blue light can reduce blue light toxicity improving the cell viabiltiy. Delayed luminescence and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that this combination excited hDPSCs and activated mitochondrial biogenesis. Those modulations accelerated hDPSC differentiation, as shown by an increase of about 1.3-fold in alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro and an about 1.5-fold increase in the osteocalcin-positive regions in cells implanted in nude mice compared with mice exposed to near-infrared alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ku Youn Baik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Min Q, Yang L, Tian H, Tang L, Xiao Z, Shen J. Immunomodulatory Mechanism and Potential Application of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells in Immune-Mediated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098068. [PMID: 37175774 PMCID: PMC10178746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental pulp tissue, which have high self-renewal ability and multi-lineage differentiation potential. With the discovery of the immunoregulatory ability of stem cells, DPSCs have attracted much attention because they have similar or even better immunomodulatory effects than MSCs from other sources. DPSCs and their exosomes can exert an immunomodulatory ability by acting on target immune cells to regulate cytokines. DPSCs can also migrate to the lesion site to differentiate into target cells to repair the injured tissue, and play an important role in tissue regeneration. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanism and target cells of the immunomodulatory effects of DPSCs, and the latest advances in preclinical research in the treatment of various immune-mediated diseases, providing new reflections for their clinical application. DPSCs may be a promising source of stem cells for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Min
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liqiong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Cell Therapy and Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giacomini C, Granéli C, Hicks R, Dazzi F. The critical role of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutics and implications in homeostasis and normal tissue repair. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:570-582. [PMID: 37185486 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively tested for the treatment of numerous clinical conditions and have demonstrated good safety but mixed efficacy. Although this outcome can be attributed in part to the heterogeneity of cell preparations, the lack of mechanistic understanding and tools to establish cell pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the poorly defined criteria for patient stratification, have hampered the design of informative clinical trials. We and others have demonstrated that MSCs can rapidly undergo apoptosis after their infusion. Apoptotic MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages that are then reprogrammed to become anti-inflammatory cells. MSC apoptosis occurs when the cells are injected into patients who harbor activated cytotoxic T or NK cells. Therefore, the activation state of cytotoxic T or NK cells can be used as a biomarker to predict clinical responses to MSC treatment. Building on a large body of preexisting data, an alternative view on the mechanism of MSCs is that an inflammation-dependent MSC secretome is largely responsible for their immunomodulatory activity. We will discuss how these different mechanisms can coexist and are instructed by two different types of MSC "licensing": one that is cell-contact dependent and the second that is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. The varied and complex mechanisms by which MSCs can orchestrate inflammatory responses and how this function is specifically driven by inflammation support a physiological role for tissue stroma in tissue homeostasis, and it acts as a sensor of damage and initiator of tissue repair by reprogramming the inflammatory environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Cecilia Granéli
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bertani G, Di Tinco R, Bertoni L, Orlandi G, Pisciotta A, Rosa R, Rigamonti L, Signore M, Bertacchini J, Sena P, De Biasi S, Villa E, Carnevale G. Flow-dependent shear stress affects the biological properties of pericyte-like cells isolated from human dental pulp. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 36805780 PMCID: PMC9938980 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dental pulp stem cells represent a mesenchymal stem cell niche localized in the perivascular area of dental pulp and are characterized by low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties. Pericytes, mural cells surrounding the endothelium of small vessels, regulate numerous functions including vessel growth, stabilization and permeability. It is well established that pericytes have a tight cross talk with endothelial cells in neoangiogenesis and vessel stabilization, which are regulated by different factors, i.e., microenvironment and flow-dependent shear stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pulsatile unidirectional flow in the presence or not of an inflammatory microenvironment on the biological properties of pericyte-like cells isolated from human dental pulp (hDPSCs). METHODS Human DPSCs were cultured under both static and dynamic conditions with or without pre-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Pulsatile unidirectional flow shear stress was generated by using a specific peristaltic pump. The angiogenic potential and inflammatory properties of hDPSCs were evaluated through reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPA), confocal immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. RESULTS Our data showed that hDPSCs expressed the typical endothelial markers, which were up-regulated after endothelial induction, and were able to form tube-like structures. RPPA analyses revealed that these properties were modulated when a pulsatile unidirectional flow shear stress was applied to hDPSCs. Stem cells also revealed a downregulation of the immune-modulatory molecule PD-L1, in parallel with an up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory molecule NF-kB. Immune-modulatory properties of hDPSCs were also reduced after culture under flow-dependent shear stress and exposure to an inflammatory microenvironment. This evidence was strengthened by the detection of up-regulated levels of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the application of a pulsatile unidirectional flow shear stress induced a modulation of immunomodulatory/inflammatory properties of dental pulp pericyte-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bertani
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosa
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Engineering Sciences and Methods, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Signore
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856RPPA Unit, Proteomics Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- grid.7548.e0000000121697570Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Interest in Transplant, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pisciotta A, Di Tinco R, Bertani G, Orlandi G, Bertoni L, Pignatti E, Orciani M, Sena P, Bertacchini J, Salvarani C, Carnevale G. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) promote the lipofibroblast transition in the early stage of a fibro-inflammatory process. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1196023. [PMID: 37206922 PMCID: PMC10189147 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1196023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In autoimmune diseases, particularly in systemic sclerosis and chronic periaortitis, a strict correlation between chronic inflammation and fibrosis exists. Since the currently used drugs prove mostly effective in suppressing inflammation, a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms exerted by cell types implicated in fibro-inflammation is needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are being matter of deep investigation to unveil their role in the evolution of fibrogenetic process. Several findings pointed out the controversial implication of MSCs in these events, with reports lining at a beneficial effect exerted by external MSCs and others highlighting a direct contribution of resident MSCs in fibrosis progression. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have demonstrated to hold promise as potential therapeutic tools due to their immunomodulatory properties, which strongly support their contribution to tissue regeneration. Methods: Our present study evaluated hDPSCs response to a fibro-inflammatory microenvironment, mimicked in vitro by a transwell co-culture system with human dermal fibroblasts, at early and late culture passages, in presence of TGF-β1, a master promoter of fibrogenesis. Results and Discussion: We observed that hDPSCs, exposed to acute fibro-inflammatory stimuli, promote a myofibroblast-to-lipofibroblast transition, likely based on BMP2 dependent pathways. Conversely, when a chronic fibro-inflammatory microenvironment is generated, hDPSCs reduce their anti-fibrotic effect and acquire a pro-fibrotic phenotype. These data provide the basis for further investigations on the response of hDPSCs to varying fibro-inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Pisciotta,
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Z, Wang S, Huo N, Yang S, Shi Q, Xu J. Extracellular vesicles: A potential future strategy for dental and maxillofacial tissue repair and regeneration. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012241. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized bilayer membrane structures containing lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, play key roles in intercellular communication. Compared to stem cells, EVs have lower tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, are easier to manage and cause fewer ethic problems. In recent years, EVs have emerged as a potential solution for tissue regeneration in stomatology through cell-free therapies. The present review focuses on the role of EVs in dental and maxillofacial tissue repair and regeneration, including in dental and periodontal tissue, maxilla and mandible bone, temporomandibular joint cartilage, peripheral nerve and soft tissue. We also make a brief overview on the mechanism of EVs performing functions. However, limitations and challenges in clinical application of EVs still exist and should be addressed in future researches.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pisciotta A, Lunghi A, Bertani G, Di Tinco R, Bertoni L, Orlandi G, Biscarini F, Bianchi M, Carnevale G. PEDOT: PSS promotes neurogenic commitment of neural crest-derived stem cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:930804. [PMID: 36060701 PMCID: PMC9428488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.930804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) polystyrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the workhorse of organic bioelectronics and is steadily gaining interest also in tissue engineering due to the opportunity to endow traditional biomaterials for scaffolds with conductive properties. Biomaterials capable of promoting neural stem cell differentiation by application of suitable electrical stimulation protocols are highly desirable in neural tissue engineering. In this study, we evaluated the adhesion, proliferation, maintenance of neural crest stemness markers and neurogenic commitment of neural crest-derived human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured on PEDOT:PSS nanostructured thin films deposited either by spin coating (SC-PEDOT) or by electropolymerization (ED-PEDOT). In addition, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of hDPSCs on PEDOT:PSS by investigating the expression and maintenance of the Fas ligand (FasL). We found that both SC-PEDOT and ED-PEDOT thin films supported hDPSCs adhesion and proliferation; however, the number of cells on the ED-PEDOT after 1 week of culture was significantly higher than that on SC-PEDOT. To be noted, both PEDOT:PSS films did not affect the stemness phenotype of hDPSCs, as indicated by the maintenance of the neural crest markers Nestin and SOX10. Interestingly, neurogenic induction was clearly promoted on ED-PEDOT, as indicated by the strong expression of MAP-2 and β—Tubulin-III as well as evident cytoskeletal reorganisation and appreciable morphology shift towards a neuronal-like shape. In addition, strong FasL expression was detected on both undifferentiated or undergoing neurogenic commitment hDPSCs, suggesting that ED-PEDOT supports the expression and maintenance of FasL under both expansion and differentiation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alice Lunghi
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
- Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Bianchi
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Bianchi,
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Di Tinco R, Consolo U, Pisciotta A, Orlandi G, Bertani G, Nasi M, Bertacchini J, Carnevale G. Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Response to Bone Substitutes Biomaterials in Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112223. [PMID: 35683895 PMCID: PMC9182880 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone substitute biomaterials (BSBs) represent a promising alternative to bone autografts, due to their biocompatibility, osteoconduction, slow resorption rates, and the ability to define and maintain volume for bone gain in dentistry. Many biomaterials are tailored to provide structural and biological support for bone regeneration, and allow the migration of bone-forming cells into the bone defect. Neural crest-derived stem cells isolated from human dental pulp (hDPSCs) represent a suitable stem cell source to study the biological effects of BSBs on osteoprogenitor cells involved in the physiological bone regenerative processes. This study aimed to evaluate how three different BSBs affect the stem cell properties, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory properties of hDPSCs. Our data highlight that BSBs do not alter cell proliferation and stemness markers expression, nor induce any inflammatory responses. Bone metabolism data show that hDPSCs exposed to the three BSBs distinctively secrete the factors supporting osteoblast activity and osteoclast activity. Our data indicate that (i) hDPSCs are a suitable stem cell source to study the effects of BSBs, and that (ii) the formulation of BSBs may condition the biological properties of stem cells, suggesting their versatile suitability to different dentistry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
- Operative Unit of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department Integrated Activity-Specialist Surgeries, University-Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Giulia Orlandi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (U.C.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (G.B.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0594-224-852
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tokuda K, Ikemoto T, Yamashita S, Miyazaki K, Okikawa S, Yamada S, Saito Y, Morine Y, Shimada M. Syngeneically transplanted insulin producing cells differentiated from adipose derived stem cells undergo delayed damage by autoimmune responses in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5852. [PMID: 35393479 PMCID: PMC8991208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) generated by our established protocol have reached the non-clinical ‘proof of concept’ stage. Our strategy for their clinical application is the autotransplantation of IPCs into patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this context, the autoimmunity that characterized T1DM is important, rather than allorejection. We aimed to determine how these IPCs respond to T1DM autoimmunity. IPCs were generated from the subcutaneous fat tissue of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice using our protocol. IPCs derived from NOD mice were transplanted under the kidney capsules of NOD mice at the onset of diabetes and the subsequent changes in blood glucose concentration were characterized. Blood glucose decreased within 30 days of transplantation, but increased again after 40–60 days in three of four recipient NOD mice. In tissue samples, the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher 60 days after transplantation than 30 days after transplantation. In conclusion, IPCs significantly ameliorate the diabetes of mice in the short term, but are damaged by autoimmunity in the longer term, as evidenced by local T cells accumulation. This study provides new insights into potential stem cell therapies for T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Tokuda
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Shoko Yamashita
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuki Miyazaki
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shohei Okikawa
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Digestive and Transplant Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sonoda S, Yamaza T. A New Target of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cell-Based Therapy on Recipient Bone Marrow Niche in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073479. [PMID: 35408840 PMCID: PMC8998830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) research have led us to consider the feasibility of MSC-based therapy for various diseases. Human dental pulp-derived MSCs (hDPSCs) have been identified in the dental pulp tissue of deciduous and permanent teeth, and they exhibit properties with self-renewal and in vitro multipotency. Interestingly, hDPSCs exhibit superior immunosuppressive functions toward immune cells, especially T lymphocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, hDPSCs have been shown to have potent immunomodulatory functions in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the SLE MRL/lpr mouse model. However, the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive efficacy of hDPSCs remain unknown. This review aims to introduce a new target of hDPSC-based therapy on the recipient niche function in SLE.
Collapse
|
19
|
Alvites R, Branquinho M, Sousa AC, Lopes B, Sousa P, Maurício AC. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Paracrine Activity-Immunomodulation Mechanisms and How to Influence the Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:381. [PMID: 35214113 PMCID: PMC8875256 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With high clinical interest to be applied in regenerative medicine, Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells have been widely studied due to their multipotency, wide distribution, and relative ease of isolation and expansion in vitro. Their remarkable biological characteristics and high immunomodulatory influence have opened doors to the application of MSCs in many clinical settings. The therapeutic influence of these cells and the interaction with the immune system seems to occur both directly and through a paracrine route, with the production and secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. The complex mechanisms through which this influence takes place is not fully understood, but several functional manipulation techniques, such as cell engineering, priming, and preconditioning, have been developed. In this review, the knowledge about the immunoregulatory and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs and their secretion products is revisited, with a special focus on the phenomena of migration and homing, direct cell action and paracrine activity. The techniques for homing improvement, cell modulation and conditioning prior to the application of paracrine factors were also explored. Finally, multiple assays where different approaches were applied with varying success were used as examples to justify their exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.); (M.B.); (A.C.S.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|