1
|
Kopecky BJ, Lavine KJ. Cardiac macrophage metabolism in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:249-262. [PMID: 37993313 PMCID: PMC10949041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac macrophages are essential mediators of cardiac development, tissue homeostasis, and response to injury. Cell-intrinsic shifts in metabolism and availability of metabolites regulate macrophage function. The human and mouse heart contain a heterogeneous compilation of cardiac macrophages that are derived from at least two distinct lineages. In this review, we detail the unique functional roles and metabolic profiles of tissue-resident and monocyte-derived cardiac macrophages during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis and in response to pathologic and physiologic stressors. We discuss the metabolic preferences of each macrophage lineage and how metabolism influences monocyte fate specification. Finally, we highlight the contribution of cardiac macrophages and derived metabolites on cell-cell communication, metabolic health, and disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Kopecky
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cardiac-Specific Expression of Cre Recombinase Leads to Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Tumor-like Growth of Atrial Cardiomyocyte and Ventricular Fibrosis and Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043094. [PMID: 36834504 PMCID: PMC9962429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic expression of Cre recombinase driven by a specific promoter is normally used to conditionally knockout a gene in a tissue- or cell-type-specific manner. In αMHC-Cre transgenic mouse model, expression of Cre recombinase is controlled by the myocardial-specific α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC) promoter, which is commonly used to edit myocardial-specific genes. Toxic effects of Cre expression have been reported, including intro-chromosome rearrangements, micronuclei formation and other forms of DNA damage, and cardiomyopathy was observed in cardiac-specific Cre transgenic mice. However, mechanisms associated with Cardiotoxicity of Cre remain poorly understood. In our study, our data unveiled that αMHC-Cre mice developed arrhythmias and died after six months progressively, and none of them survived more than one year. Histopathological examination showed that αMHC-Cre mice had aberrant proliferation of tumor-like tissue in the atrial chamber extended from and vacuolation of ventricular myocytes. Furthermore, the αMHC-Cre mice developed severe cardiac interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, accompanied by significant increase of expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cardiac atrium and ventricular. Moreover, cardiac-specific expression of Cre led to disintegration of the intercalated disc, along with altered proteins expression of the disc and calcium-handling abnormality. Comprehensively, we identified that the ferroptosis signaling pathway is involved in heart failure caused by cardiac-specific expression of Cre, on which oxidative stress results in cytoplasmic vacuole accumulation of lipid peroxidation on the myocardial cell membrane. Taken together, these results revealed that cardiac-specific expression of Cre recombinase can lead to atrial mesenchymal tumor-like growth in the mice, which causes cardiac dysfunction, including cardiac fibrosis, reduction of the intercalated disc and cardiomyocytes ferroptosis at the age older than six months in mice. Our study suggests that αMHC-Cre mouse models are effective in young mice, but not in old mice. Researchers need to be particularly careful when using αMHC-Cre mouse model to interpret those phenotypic impacts of gene responses. As the Cre-associated cardiac pathology matched mostly to that of the patients, the model could also be employed for investigating age-related cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
|
3
|
The Prognostic Significance of FKBP1A and Its Related Immune Infiltration in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112797. [PMID: 36361587 PMCID: PMC9659304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains a global health challenge with poor prognosis and high mortality. FKBP1A was first discovered as a receptor for the immunosuppressant drug FK506 in immune cells and is critical for various tumors and cancers. However, the relationships between FKBP1A expression, cellular distribution, tumor immunity, and prognosis in LIHC remain unclear. Here, we investigated the expression level of FKBP1A and its prognostic value in LIHC via multiple datasets including ONCOMINE, TIMER, GEPIA, UALCAN, HCCDB, Kaplan–Meier plotter, LinkedOmics, and STRING. Human liver tissue microarray was employed to analyze the characteristics of FKBP1A protein including the expression level and pathological alteration in cellular distribution. FKBP1A expression was significantly higher in LIHC and correlated with tumor stage, grade and metastasis. The expression level of the FKBP1A protein was also increased in LIHC patients along with its accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). High FKBP1A expression was correlated with a poor survival rate in LIHC patients. The analysis of gene co-expression and the regulatory pathway network suggested that FKBP1A is mainly involved in protein synthesis, metabolism and the immune-related pathway. FKBP1A expression had a significantly positive association with the infiltration of hematopoietic immune cells including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Moreover, M2 macrophage infiltration was especially associated with a poor survival prognosis in LIHC. Furthermore, FKBP1A expression was significantly positively correlated with the expression of markers of M2 macrophages and immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG3 and HAVCR2. Our study demonstrated that FKBP1A could be a potential prognostic target involved in tumor immune cell infiltration in LIHC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mehari FT, Miller M, Pick R, Bader A, Pekayvaz K, Napoli M, Uhl B, Reichel CA, Sperandio M, Walzog B, Schulz C, Massberg S, Stark K. Intravital calcium imaging in myeloid leukocytes identifies calcium frequency spectra as indicators of functional states. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabe6909. [PMID: 35881691 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of leukocyte activation in vivo is mainly based on surrogate parameters, such as cell shape changes and migration patterns. Consequently, additional parameters are required to dissect the complex spatiotemporal activation of leukocytes during inflammation. Here, we showed that intravital microscopy of myeloid leukocyte Ca2+ signals with Ca2+ reporter mouse strains combined with bioinformatic signal analysis provided a tool to assess their activation in vivo. We demonstrated by two-photon microscopy that tissue-resident macrophages reacted to sterile inflammation in the cremaster muscle with Ca2+ transients in a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. Moreover, through high-resolution, intravital spinning disk confocal microscopy, we identified the intracellular Ca2+ signaling patterns of neutrophils during the migration cascade in vivo. These patterns were modulated by the Ca2+ channel Orai1 and Gαi-coupled GPCRs, whose effects were evident through analysis of the range of frequencies of the Ca2+ signal (frequency spectra), which provided insights into the complex patterns of leukocyte Ca2+ oscillations. Together, these findings establish Ca2+ frequency spectra as an additional dimension to assess leukocyte activation and migration during inflammation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fitsumbirhan T Mehari
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Meike Miller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Pick
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Almke Bader
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Matteo Napoli
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is a closely linked to cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension and aging. The extent of vascular calcification is closely correlate with adverse clinical events and cardiovascular all-cause mortality. The role of autophagy in vascular calcification is complex with many mechanistic unknowns.
Methods In this review, we analyze the current known mechanisms of autophagy in vascular calcification and discuss the theoretical advantages of targeting autophagy as an intervention against vascular calcification. Results Here we summarize the functional link between vascular calcification and autophagy in both animal models of and human cardiovascular disease. Firstly, autophagy can reduce calcification by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs related to ANCR, ERα, β-catenin, HIF-1a/PDK4, p62, miR-30b, BECN1, mTOR, SOX9, GHSR/ERK, and AMPK signaling. Conversely, autophagy can induce osteoblast differentiation and calcification as mediated by CREB, degradation of elastin, and lncRNA H19 and DUSP5 mediated ERK signaling. Secondly, autophagy also links apoptosis and vascular calcification through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, Wnt/β-catenin and GAS6/AXL synthesis, as apoptotic cells become the nidus for calcium-phosphate crystal deposition. The failure of mitophagy can activate Drp1, BNIP3, and NR4A1/DNA‑PKcs/p53 mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which have been closely linked to the formation of vascular calcification. Additionally, autophagy also plays a role in osteogenesis by regulating vascular calcification, which in turn regulates expression of proteins related to bone development, such as osteocalcin, osteonectin, etc. and regulated by mTOR, EphrinB2 and RhoA. Furthermore, autophagy also promotes vitamin K2-induced MC3T3 E1 osteoblast differentiation and FGFR4/FGF18- and JNK/complex VPS34–beclin-1-related bone mineralization via vascular calcification. Conclusion The interaction between autophagy and vascular calcification are complicated, with their interaction affected by the disease process, anatomical location, and the surrounding microenvironment. Autophagy activation in existent cellular damage is considered protective, while defective autophagy in normal cells result in apoptotic activation. Identifying and maintaining cells at the delicate line between these two states may hold the key to reducing vascular calcification, in which autophagy associated clinical strategy could be developed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiu X, Dong K, Sun R. STIM1 Regulates Endothelial Calcium Overload and Cytokine Upregulation During Sepsis. J Surg Res 2021; 263:236-244. [PMID: 33713955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is now recognized as the main mechanism of the majority of nonexcitable cell calcium influx. Calcium overload is a primary mechanism of endothelial cell injury during systemic inflammatory response and sepsis. Whether STIM1-mediated SOCE plays a role in calcium overload in vascular endothelial cell injury remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS To explore the role of STIM1-gated SOCE in vascular endothelial cell calcium overload and inflammation, we established a human septic serum or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) experimental system and derived ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi)-mediated STIM1, ORAI1 (orai gene [HGNC: 25896 Entrez Gene: 84876] coding protein, ORAI Calcium Release-Activated Calcium Modulator 1), and transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) (core components of store-operated Ca2+[SOC]) downregulated HUVECs, as well as STIM1 overinduced HUVECs. RESULTS Our results show that sepsis serum or LPS stimulation increased STIM1 in HUVECs and increased all cytokines except for VEGF and the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelin-1 in a time-dependent manner. RNAi-mediated knockdown of STIM1 significantly inhibited serum or LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression, and STIM1 overexpression in HUVECs promoted LPS-mediated induction of these cytokines. Meanwhile, similar to the blocking effect of the specific SOC inhibitors Gd3+ and La3+ on LPS-induced calcium influx, RNAi-mediated depletion of STIM1 or the SOC proteins TRPC1 and ORAI1 could significantly inhibit serum or LPS-induced extracellular calcium influx, as well as the expression of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelin-1. Simultaneous downregulation of the SOCE core units TRPC1 and ORAI1 inhibited LPS-induced calcium influx and cytokine expression, which could not be restored by inducing STIM1. Forced expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in HUVECs significantly induced STIM1 expression, whereas RNAi-mediated depletion of NF-κB significantly inhibited STIM1 mRNA levels and significantly reduced the thapsigargin-mediated SOCE calcium influx, which was similar to results with the NF-κB inhibitor wogonin. CONCLUSIONS Septic serum stimulates the expression of STIM1, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators in HUVECs. STIM1-mediated SOCE is required for Ca2+ influx induced by LPS or septic serum and contributes cytokines and inflammatory mediators in septic serum-stimulated HUVECs. In addition, STIM1-mediated SOCE on Ca2+ influx by septic serum or LPS involves NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA(People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaisheng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA(People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China; Postgraduate Department of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Rongju Sun
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA(People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Entin-Meer M, Keren G. Potential roles in cardiac physiology and pathology of the cation channel TRPV2 expressed in cardiac cells and cardiac macrophages: a mini-review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H181-H188. [PMID: 31809212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00491.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TRPV2 is a well-conserved channel protein expressed in almost all tissues. Cardiomyocyte TRPV2 is expressed in the intercalated disks of the cardiac sarcomeres, where it is involved in maintaining the proper mechanoelectric coupling and structure. It is also abundantly expressed in the intracellular pools, mainly the endoplasmic reticulum. Under pathological conditions, TRPV2 is translocated to the sarcolemma, where it mediates an abnormal [Ca]2+ entry that may contribute to disease progression. In addition, an intracellularly diffused TRPV2 expression is present in resident cardiac macrophages. Upon infection or inflammation, TRPV2 is engaged in early phagosomes and is, therefore, potentially involved in protecting the cardiac tissue. Following acute myocardial infarction, a profound elevated expression of TRPV2 is observed on the cell membrane of the peri-infarct macrophages. The macrophage TRPV2 may harbor a detrimental effect in cardiac recovery by increasing unfavorable migration and phagocytosis processes in the injured heart. Most reports suggest that while cardiac TRPV2 activation may be beneficial under specific physiological conditions, both cardiac- and macrophage-related TRPV2 blocking can significantly ameliorate disease progression in various pathological states. To verify this possibility, the time frame of TRPV2 overexpression and its mediated signaling need to be fully characterized in both cardiomyocyte and cardiac macrophage populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Entin-Meer
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gad Keren
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou X, Xu M, Bryant JL, Ma J, Xu X. Exercise-induced myokine FNDC5/irisin functions in cardiovascular protection and intracerebral retrieval of synaptic plasticity. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:32. [PMID: 30984367 PMCID: PMC6446275 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is well known to benefit human health at every age. However, the exact mechanism through which physical exercise improves health remains unknown. Recent studies into exercise-induced myokine FNDC5/irisin, a newly discovered hormone, have begun to shed light on this mystery. Exercise-induced myokine FNDC5/irisin have been shown to be protective against cardiovascular damage post ischemic event, improve function in the neurons of Alzheimer’s disease patients, and have been implicated in macrophage and adipocyte regulation. Elegantly designed experiments have shown FNDC5/irisin to promote Nkx2.5+ cardiac progenitor cell dependent cardiac regeneration, neovascularization, and reduce cardiac fibrosis. It has also been shown to improve macrophage function, which may protect against injuries to the cardiac conduction system. Similarly, FNDC5/irisin knockout mice have been shown to have reduced memory performance, while peripheral overexpression of FNDC5/irisin has been shown to improve memory impairment in a murine Alzheimer’s disease model. Finally, FNDC5/irisin has been linked to regulation of osteocytes and adipocytes by signaling through the cytoplasmic membrane integrated protein aV/b5 integrin, the first known receptor for this newly discovered hormone. Although these recent discoveries have cemented the importance of FNDC5/irisin, many details regarding how FNDC5/irisin fits into the physiology of exercise benefits remain unknown and are deserving of future inquiry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - MengMeng Xu
- 3Medical-Scientist Training Program and Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Joseph L Bryant
- 4University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- 2Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Xuehong Xu
- 1Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng R, Zhou X, Zhang W, Pu T, Sun Y, Yang R, Wang D, Zhang X, Gao Y, Cai Z, Liang Y, Yu Q, Wu Y, Lei X, Liang Z, Jones O, Wang L, Xu M, Sun Y, Isaacs WB, Ma J, Xu X. Dynamics expression of DmFKBP12/Calstabin during embryonic early development of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:8. [PMID: 30637096 PMCID: PMC6325743 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium signaling are conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates and plays critical roles in many molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis and postnatal development. As a critical component of the signaling pathway, the RyR medicated calcium-induced calcium release signaling system, has been well studied along with their regulator FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12/Calstabin). Lack of FKBP12 is known to result in lethal cardiac dysfunction in mouse. However, precisely how FKBP12 is regulated and effects calcium signaling in Drosophila melanogaster remains largely unknown. Results In this study, we identified both temporal and localization changes in expression of DmFKBP12, a translational and transcriptional regulator of Drosophila RyR (DmRyR) and FKBP12, through embryonic development. DmFKBP12 is first expressed at the syncytial blastoderm stage and undergoes increased expression during the cellular blastoderm and early gastrulation stages. At late gastrulation, DmFKBP12 expression begins to decline until it reaches homeostasis, which it then maintains throughout the rest of development. Throughout these described changes in expression, DmFKBP12 mRNA remain stable, which indicates that protein dynamics are attributed to regulation at the mRNA to protein translation level. In addition to temporal changes in expression, dynamic expression profiles during Drosophila development also revealed DmFKBP12 localization. Although DmFKBP12 is distributed evenly between the anterior to posterior poles of the blastoderm egg, the protein is expressed more strongly in the cortex of the early Drosophila gastrula with the highest concentration found in the basement membrane of the cellular blastoderm. Fertilized egg, through the profile as under-membrane cortex distribution concentering onto basement at cellular blastoderm, to the profile as three-gem layer localization in primitive neuronal and digestion architecture of early Drosophila gastrula. By late gastrulation, DmFKBP12 is no longer identified in the yolk or lumen of duct structures and has relocated to the future brain (suboesophageal and supraesophageal ganglions), ventral nervous system, and muscular system. Throughout these changes in distribution, in situ DmFKBP12 mRNA monitoring detected equal distribution of DmFKBP12 mRNA, once again indicating that regulation of DmFKBP12 occurs at the translational level in Drosophila development. Conclusion As a critical regulator of the DmRyR-FKBP complex, DmFKBP12 expression in Drosophila fluctuates temporally and geographically with the formation of organ systems. These finding indicate that DmFKBP12 and RyR associated calcium signaling plays an essential role in the successful development of Drosophila melanogaster. Further study on the differences between mammalian RyR-FKBP12 and Drosophila DmRyR-FKBP12 can be exploited to develop safe pesticides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-019-0270-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China.,2Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Tao Pu
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Yuting Sun
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Rong Yang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Dan Wang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Yingfeng Gao
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Zhenlu Cai
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Yu Liang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Yajun Wu
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Xinjuan Lei
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Zhijia Liang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Odell Jones
- 4University of Pennsylvania ULAR, Philadelphia, PA 19144 USA
| | - Liyang Wang
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- 5Medical-Scientist Training Program, Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Yanping Sun
- 6College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | | | - Jianjie Ma
- 2Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Xuehong Xu
- 1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng R, Wang L, Li Z, Yang R, Liang Y, Sun Y, Yu Q, Ghartey-Kwansah G, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhou X, Xu M, Bryant J, Yan G, Isaacs W, Ma J, Xu X. A systematic comparison of exercise training protocols on animal models of cardiovascular capacity. Life Sci 2018; 217:128-140. [PMID: 30517851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global cause of mortality, which has prompted numerous studies seeking to reduce the risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. While regular physical activity is known to improve CVD associated morbidity and mortality, the optimal duration, frequency, and intensity of exercise remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, various animal models have been used to study the cardioprotective effects of exercise and related molecular mechanism such as the mice training models significantly decrease size of myocardial infarct by affecting Kir6.1, VSMC sarc-KATP channels, and pulmonary eNOS. Although these findings cement the importance of animal models in studying exercise induced cardioprotection, the vast assortment of exercise protocols makes comparison across studies difficult. To address this issue, we review and break down the existent exercise models into categories based on exercise modality, intensity, frequency, and duration. The timing of sample collection is also compared and sorted into four distinct phases: pre-exercise (Phase I), mid-exercise (Phase II), exercise recovery (Phase III), and post-exercise (Phase IV). Finally, because the life-span of animals so are limited, small changes in animal exercise duration can corresponded to untenable amounts of human exercise. To address this limitation, we introduce the Life-Span Relative Exercise Time (RETlife span) as a method of accurately defining short-term, medium-term and long-term exercise relative to the animal's life expectancy. Systematic organization of existent protocols and this new system of defining exercise duration will allow for a more solid framework from which researchers can extrapolate animal model data to clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhonguang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rong Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - George Ghartey-Kwansah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yanping Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yajun Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China; Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Bryant
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Guifang Yan
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - William Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuehong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu X, Balk SP, Isaacs WB, Ma J. Calcium signaling: an underlying link between cardiac disease and carcinogenesis. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:39. [PMID: 29930797 PMCID: PMC5992721 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Xu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi’an, 710062 China
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | | | - Jianjie Ma
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| |
Collapse
|