1
|
Yong KSM, Anderson DE, Zheng AKE, Liu M, Tan SY, Tan WWS, Chen Q, Wang LF. Comparison of infection and human immune responses of two SARS-CoV-2 strains in a humanized hACE2 NIKO mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12484. [PMID: 37528224 PMCID: PMC10394059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has sickened millions, cost lives and has devastated the global economy. Various animal models for experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2 have played a key role in many aspects of COVID-19 research. Here, we describe a humanized hACE2 (adenovirus expressing hACE2) NOD-SCID IL2Rγ-/- (NIKO) mouse model and compare infection with ancestral and mutant (SARS-CoV-2-∆382) strains of SARS-CoV-2. Immune cell infiltration, inflammation, lung damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was observed in humanized hACE2 NIKO mice. Humanized hACE2 NIKO mice infected with the ancestral and mutant SARS-CoV-2 strain had lung inflammation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This model can aid in examining the pathological basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human immune environment and evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Su Mei Yong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Danielle E Anderson
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Kang Eng Zheng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wei Sheng Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A C57BL/6 Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Recapitulates Age- and Sex-Based Differences in Human COVID-19 Disease and Recovery. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010047. [PMID: 36679892 PMCID: PMC9860616 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery using wild type C57BL/6 mice and a mouse-adapted virus, and we demonstrate that this is an ideal model of infection and recovery that phenocopies acute human disease arising from the ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity and infection kinetics are age- and sex-dependent, as has been reported for humans, with older mice and males in particular exhibiting decreased viral clearance and increased mortality. We identified key parallels with human pathology, including intense virus positivity in bronchial epithelial cells, wide-spread alveolar involvement, recruitment of immune cells to the infected lungs, and acute bronchial epithelial cell death. Moreover, older animals experienced increased virus persistence, delayed dispersal of immune cells into lung parenchyma, and morphologic evidence of tissue damage and inflammation. Parallel analysis of SCID mice revealed that the adaptive immune response was not required for recovery from COVID disease symptoms nor early phase clearance of virus but was required for efficient clearance of virus at later stages of infection. Finally, transcriptional analyses indicated that induction and duration of key innate immune gene programs may explain differences in age-dependent disease severity. Importantly, these data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2-mediated disease in C57BL/6 mice phenocopies human disease across ages and establishes a platform for future therapeutic and genetic screens for not just SARS-CoV-2 but also novel coronaviruses that have yet to emerge.
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi D, Khan N, Montermini L, Tawil N, Meehan B, Kim D, Roth FP, Divangahi M, Rak J. Quantitative proteomics and biological activity of extracellular vesicles engineered to express SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e58. [PMID: 36710959 PMCID: PMC9874654 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 viral infection led to the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, where illness stemmed from interactions between virions and recipient host cells resulting in multi-layered pathological consequences. The role of the infection portal is now understood to be the cellular angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which binds to viral spike (S) protein initiating virion internalisation process. Since SARS-CoV-2 virions bear some resemblance to endogenously produced small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) we reasoned that EVs engineered to express S protein (viral mimics) may interfere with viral infection. Here, we report generation of HEK293T cells producing sEVs enriched for transmembrane S-protein tagged with green fluorescent protein (S/GFP). Strikingly, S protein drove the GFP tag to the membrane of sEVs, while GFP alone was not efficiently included in the sEV cargo. High-throughput quantitative proteomics revealed that S/GFP sEVs contained over 1000 proteins including canonical components of the exosomal pathway such as ALIX, syntenin-1, and tetraspanins (CD81, CD9), but depleted for calnexin and cytochrome c. We found that 84 sEV proteins were significantly altered by the presence of S/GFP. S protein expressing EVs efficiently adhered to target cells in an ACE2-dependent manner, but they were poorly internalised. Importantly, prolonged administration of S/GFP EV to K18-hACE2 mice provided a significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the generation of sEV containing S protein can be considered as a novel therapeutic approach in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsic Choi
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of MedicineSoonchunhyang UniversityCheonanChungcheongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Nargis Khan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreGlen SiteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Snyder institute of Chronic DiseasesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Laura Montermini
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreGlen SiteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Nadim Tawil
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreGlen SiteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Brian Meehan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreGlen SiteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Dae‐Kyum Kim
- Department of Cancer Genetics and GenomicsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Frederick P. Roth
- Donnelly Centre and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Computer ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteSinai Health SystemTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreGlen SiteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health CentreGlen SiteMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kinetic of the Antibody Response Following AddaVax-Adjuvanted Immunization with Recombinant Influenza Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081315. [PMID: 36016202 PMCID: PMC9415944 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, influenza virus infection still represents a global health concern in terms of hospitalizations and possible pandemic threats. The objective of next-generation influenza vaccines is not only to increase the breadth of response but also to improve the elicitation of an effective and robust immune response, especially in high-risk populations. To achieve this second objective, the administration of adjuvanted influenza vaccines has been considered. In this regard, the monitoring and characterization of the antibody response associated with the administration of adjuvanted vaccines has been evaluated in this study in order to shed light on the kinetic, magnitude and subclass usage of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) as well as of circulating antigen-specific serum antibodies. Specifically, we utilized the DBA/2J mouse model to assess the kinetic, magnitude and IgG subclass usage of the antibody response following an intramuscular (IM) or intraperitoneal (IP) immunization regimen with AddaVax-adjuvanted bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) influenza recombinant hemagglutinins (rHAs). While the serological evaluation revealed a homogeneous kinetic of the antibody response, the detection of the ASCs through a FluoroSpot platform revealed a different magnitude, subclass usage and kinetic of the antigen-specific IgG secreting cells peaking at day 5 and day 9 following the IP and IM immunization, respectively.
Collapse
|