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Mahmoudi G, Toolee H, Maskani R, Jokar F, Mokfi M, Hosseinzadeh A. COVID-19 and cancer risk arising from ionizing radiation exposure through CT scans: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:298. [PMID: 38443829 PMCID: PMC10916077 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surge in the utilization of CT scans for COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring during the pandemic is undeniable. This increase has brought to the forefront concerns about the potential long-term health consequences, especially radiation-induced cancer risk. This study aimed to quantify the potential cancer risk associated with CT scans performed for COVID-19 detection. METHODS In this cross-sectional study data from a total of 561 patients, who were referred to the radiology center at Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud, was collected. CT scan reports were categorized into three groups based on the radiologist's interpretation. The BEIR VII model was employed to estimate the risk of radiation-induced cancer. RESULTS Among the 561 patients, 299 (53.3%) were males and the average age of the patients was 49.61 ± 18.73 years. Of the CT scans, 408 (72.7%) were reported as normal. The average age of patients with normal, abnormal, and potentially abnormal CT scans was 47.57 ± 19.06, 54.80 ± 16.70, and 58.14 ± 16.60 years, respectively (p-value < 0.001). The average effective dose was 1.89 ± 0.21 mSv, with 1.76 ± 0.11 mSv for males and 2.05 ± 0.29 mSv for females (p-value < 0.001). The average risk of lung cancer was 3.84 ± 1.19 and 9.73 ± 3.27 cases per 100,000 patients for males and females, respectively. The average LAR for all cancer types was 10.30 ± 6.03 cases per 100,000 patients. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the critical issue of increased CT scan usage for COVID-19 diagnosis and the potential long-term consequences, especially the risk of cancer incidence. Healthcare policies should be prepared to address this potential rise in cancer incidence and the utilization of CT scans should be restricted to cases where laboratory tests are not readily available or when clinical symptoms are severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshan Mahmoudi
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Heidar Toolee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Maskani
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jokar
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Milad Mokfi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinzadeh
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Muttini S, Jona Falco J, Cuevas Cairo I, Umbrello M. A High Respiratory Drive Is Associated with Weaning Failure in Patients with COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Role of the Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1120. [PMID: 38398433 PMCID: PMC10889278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is the main supportive treatment of severe cases of COVID-19-associated ARDS (C-ARDS). Weaning failure is common and associated with worse outcomes. We investigated the role of respiratory drive, assessed by monitoring the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi), as a predictor of weaning failure. METHODS Consecutive, mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the ICU for C-ARDS with difficult weaning were enrolled. Blood gas, ventilator, and respiratory mechanic parameters, as well as EAdi, were recorded at the time of placement of EAdi catheter, and then after 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 days, and compared between patients with weaning success and weaning failure. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled: age 66 (60-69); 85% males; PaO2/FiO2 at admission 148 (126-177) mmHg. Thirteen subjects (65%) were classified as having a successful weaning. A younger age (OR(95%CI): 0.02 (0.01-0.11) per year), a higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR(95%CI): 1.10 (1.01-1.21) per mmHg), and a lower EAdi (OR(95%CI): 0.16 (0.08-0.34) per μV) were associated with weaning success. CONCLUSION In critically ill patients with moderate-severe C-ARDS and difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation, a successful weaning was associated with a lower age, a higher oxygenation, and a lower respiratory drive, as assessed at the bedside via EAdi monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Muttini
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20151 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Jacopo Jona Falco
- Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20151 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (J.J.F.)
| | - Ilmari Cuevas Cairo
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20151 Milano, Italy;
| | - Michele Umbrello
- Department of Intensive care and Anaesthesia, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, ASST Ovest Milanese, 20025 Legnano, Italy
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Ramalho ADO, Fonseca RAG, Mazócoli E, Marin A, Nogueira PC. Incidence and risk factors of pressure injuries in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76Suppl 1:e20220553. [PMID: 38055426 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze pressure injury (PI) incidence and risk factors in patients with COVID-19 admitted to an Intensive Care Unit and characterize the identified PIs. METHOD a retrospective cohort study, consisting of 668 patients, carried out between March 2020 and February 2021. Clinical/demographic and PI variables were collected from medical records and electronic database. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic regression was performed to analyze risk factors for PI. RESULTS PI incidence was 30.2% (n=202), with the majority located in the sacral region (52.9%) and in stage 1 (39%). Risk factors were age (p<0.001), Diabetes Mellitus (p=0.005), length of stay (p<0.001), immunosuppression (p=0.034), nutritional risk (p=0.015) and mechanical ventilation (p<0.001). CONCLUSION PI incidence in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was high.
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Cerfoglio S, Capodaglio P, Rossi P, Verme F, Boldini G, Cvetkova V, Ruggeri G, Galli M, Cimolin V. Tele-Rehabilitation Interventions for Motor Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:650. [PMID: 37370581 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges to global healthcare systems regarding the care of acute patients and the delivery of rehabilitation programs to post-acute or chronic patients. Patients who survive severe forms of COVID-19 often report incomplete healing and long-term symptoms. The need of these patients for rehabilitation has been recognized as a public health problem. In this context, the application of tele-rehabilitation has been explored to reduce the burden on healthcare systems. The purpose of this narrative review is to present an overview of the state of the art regarding the application of remote motor rehabilitation programs for paucisymptomatic acute and post-acute COVID-19 patients, with a focus on the motor aspects of tele-rehabilitation. Following an extensive search on PubMed, the Web of Science, and Scopus, specific studies have been reviewed and compared in terms of study objectives and participants, experimental protocols and methods for home-based interventions, functional assessment, and rehabilitation outcomes. Overall, this review suggests the feasibility and the effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation as a promising tool to complement face-to-face rehabilitation interventions. However, further improvements are needed to overcome the limitations and the current lack of knowledge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Cerfoglio
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Clinica Hildebrand, Centro di Riabilitazione Brissago, CH-6614 Brissago, Switzerland
| | - Federica Verme
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Boldini
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Viktoria Cvetkova
- Clinica Hildebrand, Centro di Riabilitazione Brissago, CH-6614 Brissago, Switzerland
| | - Graziano Ruggeri
- Clinica Hildebrand, Centro di Riabilitazione Brissago, CH-6614 Brissago, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Galli
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Veronica Cimolin
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
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Marteka D, Malik A, Faustine I, Syafhan NF. Clinical profile, treatment, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in a tertiary referral hospital in South Sumatera, Indonesia: A retrospective single-center study. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2022; 8:529-537. [PMID: 37554231 PMCID: PMC10405660 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are fewer COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, the pandemic is still ongoing. COVID-19 has a significant death rate in Indonesia, but lack of information on the effect of different clinical and demographic factors on COVID-19-related grimness and mortality in Indonesia. OBJECTIVE This study examined the clinical profile, treatment, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 at Lahat Regency Hospital in South Sumatera, Indonesia, to find relevant markers that might be utilized to predict the prognosis of these patients. METHODS This was a retrospective single-center study of all medical record files of confirmed patients with COVID-19 admitted to Lahat Hospital from September 2020 to August 2021 (n = 285). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Multiple Logistic Regression, and Cox's proportional hazards model were used for data analyses. RESULTS This study included 65 non-hospitalized and 220 hospitalized patients. Hospitalized patients were divided into dead and alive groups. The median age was lower in the non-hospitalized group without gender discrimination, and most hospitalized patients had comorbidities. Vital signs and clinical features were significantly different in hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized. The survival patients in the hospitalized group showed lower white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentages, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) but higher lymphocyte and eosinophil. Non-survival patients had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, blood glucose, and potassium. The use of Favipiravir and Remdesivir was significant between the alive and dead groups. The mean hospital stay for all patients was 9.49 ± 4.77 days, while the median duration of hospital time was 10.73 ± 4.33 days in the survival group and 5.39 ± 3.78 days in the non-survival group. Multiple logistic regression analysis determined respiration rate, WBC, and BUN as predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS Age and comorbidities are significant elements impacting the seriousness of COVID-19. Abnormal signs in laboratory markers can be used as early warning and prognostic signs to prevent severity and death. Potential biomarkers at various degrees in patients with COVID-19 may also aid healthcare professionals in providing precision medicine and nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Marteka
- Graduate Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Lahat Regional General Hospital (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Lahat), Lahat 31461, South Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Amarila Malik
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ingrid Faustine
- Graduate Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Tondo, Palu, Central Sulawesi 94148, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Farhanah Syafhan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Jl. Prof. DR. Bahder Djohan, Pondok Cina, Beji, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
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The Use of Mebendazole in COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Retrospective Single Center Study. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:3014686. [PMID: 36536779 PMCID: PMC9759380 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3014686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. An in-silico screen identified mebendazole with potential antiviral activity that could be a repurposed drug against SARS-CoV-2. Mebendazole is a well-tolerated and cheap antihelminthic agent that is readily available worldwide and thus could be a therapeutic tool in the fight against COVID-19. Methods. This is an observational retrospective study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients who received mebendazole with the intention-to-treat. The study included an inpatient cohort (157 inpatients) and an outpatient cohort (185 outpatients). Of the 157 inpatients and 185 outpatients, 68 (43.3%) and 94 (50.8%) received mebendazole, respectively. Patients who presented within the same timeframe but did not receive mebendazole were used as controls. Patients received standard-of-care treatment including remdesivir, dexamethasone, and anticoagulants as deemed necessary by the treating physician. The following clinical outcomes were evaluated: for the inpatient cohort, length of stay (LOS) at the hospital, need for ventilation (combined invasive and noninvasive), and mortality; for the outpatient cohort, time to symptom resolution, need for hospitalization, and mortality. Results. For the inpatient cohort, the median age did not differ between the treatment and control groups; 62 (56, 67) vs. 62 (56, 68),
, and there was a comparable proportion of males in both groups; 43 (63%) vs. 55 (62%),
. The hospital LOS was 3.5 days shorter in the treatment group compared to the control group (
). There were fewer patients who required invasive or noninvasive ventilation in the treatment group, 2 (2.9%) vs. 7 (7.9%), and the mortality rate is lower in the treatment group, 3 (4.4%) vs. 8 (9.0%), though the differences did not reach statistical significance. For the outpatient cohort, the median age was lower in the treatment group compared with the control group; 40 (34, 48) vs. 48 (41, 54),
. There was a comparable proportion of males between both groups; 50 (53%) vs. 52 (57%),
. Patients in the treatment group were 3.3 days closer to symptom resolution (
). There were numerically fewer patients requiring hospitalization in the treatment group compared with the control group, 3 (3.2%) vs. 6 (6.6%), though this did not reach statistical significance (
). Conclusion. In this retrospective observational study, the use of mebendazole in COVID-19 patients was associated with shorter hospitalizations in the inpatient cohort and shorter durations of symptom resolution in the outpatient cohort. The findings from this small observational study are hypothesis-generating and preclude drawing conclusions about clinical efficacy. Further studies are needed to examine the role of mebendazole in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Reis WP, Moses O, Oh J, Wilson A, Gaio J, Dos Santos H. The Association between Lifestyle Risk Factors and COVID-19 Hospitalization in a Healthcare Institution. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022:15598276221135541. [PMCID: PMC9596386 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221135541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a subtype of the coronavirus. In addition to normal levels of biometric measures, a healthy lifestyle has been considered an indispensable element in preventing complications of coronavirus infection. Demographic characteristics are also critical in determining risk levels. Aim: Investigate potential significant associations between health behaviors, biometric screenings, demographics, and COVID-19 hospitalization in Loma Linda University Health employees. Methods: Participants are employees covered under the employer-sponsored health plan at Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, who tested positive for COVID-19. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze demographics, biometric screenings, and lifestyle factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalization. In our study, 7% of participants required hospitalization. Variables independently associated with COVID-19 hospitalization included higher age (OR = 1.05 [1.01–1.08], P = .005), non-White race compared to the White race (OR = 3.2 [1.22–8.38], P = .018), higher HbA1C levels showing a marginal association (OR = 1.31 [.99–1.72], P = .057), and lower vegetable consumption (OR = 4.39 [2.06–9.40], P < .001). Lower protein consumption decreased the Odds of hospitalization (OR = .40 [.19–.87], P = .021). Our results suggest that a diet that includes more vegetables and lower protein may confer some protection against COVID-19 hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenes Pereira Reis
- Hildemar Dos Santos, Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 Circle Dr, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Hildemar Dos Santos
- Hildemar Dos Santos, Public Health, Loma Linda University, 24951 Circle Dr, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; e-mail:
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Banks DE, Paschke ME, Li X, Fentem A, Rich A, Szlyk HS, Cavazos-Rehg P. Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19: Treatment and Recovery Factors among Vulnerable Populations at the Intersection of Two U.S. Epidemics. J Psychoactive Drugs 2022; 54:300-308. [PMID: 35616267 PMCID: PMC9588537 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2079443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Social inequities made some sociodemographic groups - including those of older age, minoritized race/ethnicity, and low socioeconomic status - disproportionately vulnerable to morbidity and mortality associated with the opioid epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic. Given shared vulnerability to these public health crises, it is critical to understand how COVID-19 impacts substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and recovery among people with these characteristics. The current study examined COVID-19's perceived impact on treatment factors and psychosocial outcomes by sociodemographic vulnerability. Patients receiving SUD treatment with a history of opioid misuse were recruited. Participants completed self-report questionnaires regarding the impact of COVID-19 on treatment indicators and mood and substance use symptoms. Most participants reported that COVID-19 decreased their treatment access and quality. There were no sociodemographic differences in treatment factors. Those with high sociodemographic vulnerability reported greater pandemic-related increases in depression and demonstrated greater mood symptoms. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that unmet basic needs were significantly associated with lower treatment access and quality, greater mood symptoms, and higher substance use. Findings suggest pandemic-related stressors and barriers affected those across the sociodemographic spectrum. Treatment systems must address socioeconomic barriers to care exacerbated by the pandemic and bolster integrated treatment options for opioid use and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin E. Banks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Blvd. 325 Stadler Hall, St. Louis, MO 63121
| | - Maria E. Paschke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Blvd. 325 Stadler Hall, St. Louis, MO 63121
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Andrea Fentem
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Amanda Rich
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri – St. Louis, One University Blvd. 325 Stadler Hall, St. Louis, MO 63121
| | - Hannah S. Szlyk
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Uusküla A, Jürgenson T, Pisarev H, Kolde R, Meister T, Tisler A, Suija K, Kalda R, Piirsoo M, Fischer K. Long-term mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A national cohort study from Estonia. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 18:100394. [PMID: 35505834 PMCID: PMC9051903 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to describe 12-month mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with a reference population with no history of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Nationwide cohort study using electronic health care data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive cases (n= 66,287) and reference group subjects (n=254,969) with linkage to SARS-CoV-2 testing and death records. FINDINGS People infected with SARS-COV-2 had more than three times the risk of dying over the following year compared with those who remained uninfected (aHR 3·1, 95%CI 2·9-3·3). Short-term mortality (up to 5 weeks post-infection) was significantly higher among COVID-19 group (1623·0/10 000) than in the reference group (118/10 000). For COVID-19 cases aged 60 years or older, increased mortality persisted until the end of the first year after infection, and was related to increased risk for cardiovascular (aHR 2·1, 95%CI 1·8-2·3), cancer (aHR 1·5, 95%CI 1·2-1·9), respiratory system diseases (aHR 1·9, 95%CI 1·2-3·0), and other causes of death (aHR 1·8, 95%CI 1·4-2·2). INTERPRETATION Increased risk of death from SARS-CoV-2 is not limited to the acute illness: SARS-CoV-2 infection carries a substantially increased mortality in the following 12 months. This excess death mainly occurs in older people and is driven by broad array of causes of death. FUNDING Research was carried out with the support of Estonian Research Council (grants PRG1197, PRG198), European Regional Development Fund (RITA 1/02-120) and European Social Fund via IT Academy program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Uusküla
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Corresponding author at: Anneli Uusküla PhD, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia, +372 737 4195.
| | - Tuuli Jürgenson
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heti Pisarev
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tatjana Meister
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anna Tisler
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kadri Suija
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ruth Kalda
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marko Piirsoo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia
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Galanis P, Vraka I, Katsiroumpa A, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T, Mariolis-Sapsakos T, Kaitelidou D. Attitudes toward COVID-19 Pandemic among Fully Vaccinated Individuals: Evidence from Greece Two Years after the Pandemic. Acta Med Litu 2022; 29:245-257. [PMID: 37733398 PMCID: PMC9798998 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2022.29.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the major effects of COVID-19 pandemic on health, social, economic, and political dimensions of all countries, positive attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic are essential to control the pandemic. In our study, we investigated attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic among fully COVID-19 vaccinated individuals two years after the pandemic and we identified predictors of attitudes. Materials and Methods We conducted an on-line cross-sectional study with 815 fully COVID-19 vaccinated individuals in Greece during May 2022. A self-administered and valid questionnaire was disseminated through social media platforms. We measured socio-demographic variables and COVID-19-related variables as potential predictors of attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome variable was attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic (compliance with hygiene measures, trust in COVID-19 vaccination, fear of COVID-19, and information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination). Results We found a very high level of compliance with hygiene measures, a high level of trust and information about the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination, and a moderate level of fear of COVID-19. Also, we identified that females, participants with a higher educational level, those with a chronic disease, those with a better self-perceived physical health, and those without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis adhered more in hygiene measures. Trust in COVID-19 vaccination was higher among females, older participants, those with a higher educational level, those with a better self-perceived physical health, and those without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis. Moreover, females, older participants, those with a higher educational level, those with a chronic disease, those with a better self-perceived physical health, those that received a flu vaccine in previous season, and those without a previous COVID-19 diagnosis experienced more fear of COVID-19. Finally, level of information regarding COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination was higher for participants with a higher educational level, those without a chronic disease, those with a better self-perceived physical health, and those that received a flu vaccine in previous season. Conclusions Understanding predictors of attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic among fully vaccinated individuals is crucial for developing appropriate public health campaigns in the future. Vaccination should be accompanied by positive attitudes in order to decrease the frequency of negative outcomes of COVID-19, such as hospitalization, complications and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Galanis
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Vraka
- Department of Radiology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aglaia Katsiroumpa
- Clinical Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Siskou
- Department of Tourism Studies, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Olympia Konstantakopoulou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Katsoulas
- Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Daphne Kaitelidou
- Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Bansal D, Abdulmajeed J, Al-Shamali MHMA, Albayat SSA, Himatt SM, Cyprian FS, Chivese T, Mundodan JMA, Khogali HS, Baaboura R, Kaleeckal AH, Kandy MC, Latif AN, Al-Kuwari MG, Al-Romaihi HE, Al Khal A, Bertollini R, Al-Thani MH, Farag E, Doi SAR. Duration of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness against Severe Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071036. [PMID: 35891199 PMCID: PMC9321581 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Waning immunity following administration of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines remains a concern for many health systems. We undertook a study to determine if recent reports of waning for severe disease could have been attributed to design-related bias by conducting a study only among those detected with a first SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a matched case-control study design with the study base being all individuals with first infection with SARS-CoV-2 reported in the State of Qatar between 1 January 2021 and 20 February 2022. Cases were those detected with first SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring intensive care (hard outcome), while controls were those detected with first SARS-CoV-2 infection who recovered without the need for intensive care. Cases and controls were matched in a 1:30 ratio for the calendar month of infection and the comorbidity category. Duration and magnitude of conditional vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care and the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one more case of COVID-19 requiring intensive care was estimated for the mRNA (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273) vaccines. Conditional vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care was 59% (95% confidence interval (CI), 50 to 76) between the first and second dose, and strengthened to 89% (95% CI, 85 to 92) between the second dose and 4 months post the second dose in persons who received a primary course of the vaccine. There was no waning of vaccine effectiveness in the period from 4 to 6, 6 to 9, and 9 to 12 months after the second dose. This study demonstrates that, contrary to mainstream reports using hierarchical measures of effectiveness, conditional vaccine effectiveness against requiring intensive care remains robust till at least 12 months after the second dose of mRNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Bansal
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Al Mina Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (J.A.); (M.C.K.); (M.G.A.-K.)
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, University Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Maha H. M. A. Al-Shamali
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Soha S. A. Albayat
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Sayed M. Himatt
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Farhan S. Cyprian
- Immunology Division, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Arab League Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Tawanda Chivese
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, University Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Jesha M. A. Mundodan
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Hayat S. Khogali
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Rekayahouda Baaboura
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Anvar H. Kaleeckal
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.H.K.); (A.N.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Mujeeb C. Kandy
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Al Mina Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (J.A.); (M.C.K.); (M.G.A.-K.)
| | - Ali Nizar Latif
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.H.K.); (A.N.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- Primary Health Care Corporation, Al Mina Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (J.A.); (M.C.K.); (M.G.A.-K.)
| | - Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Abdullatif Al Khal
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.H.K.); (A.N.L.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Roberto Bertollini
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Mohamed Hamad Al-Thani
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Elmobashar Farag
- Ministry of Public Health, Ras Qertas Street, Doha 26555, Qatar; (D.B.); (M.H.M.A.A.-S.); (S.S.A.A.); (S.M.H.); (J.M.A.M.); (H.S.K.); (R.B.); (H.E.A.-R.); (R.B.); (M.H.A.-T.); (E.F.)
| | - Suhail A. R. Doi
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, University Street, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-6600-1271
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12
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Bigdelou B, Sepand MR, Najafikhoshnoo S, Negrete JAT, Sharaf M, Ho JQ, Sullivan I, Chauhan P, Etter M, Shekarian T, Liang O, Hutter G, Esfandiarpour R, Zanganeh S. COVID-19 and Preexisting Comorbidities: Risks, Synergies, and Clinical Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890517. [PMID: 35711466 PMCID: PMC9196863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated symptoms, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in the declaration of a pandemic. When several countries began enacting quarantine and lockdown policies, the pandemic as it is now known truly began. While most patients have minimal symptoms, approximately 20% of verified subjects are suffering from serious medical consequences. Co-existing diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and others, have been shown to make patients more vulnerable to severe outcomes from COVID-19 by modulating host-viral interactions and immune responses, causing severe infection and mortality. In this review, we outline the putative signaling pathways at the interface of COVID-19 and several diseases, emphasizing the clinical and molecular implications of concurring diseases in COVID-19 clinical outcomes. As evidence is limited on co-existing diseases and COVID-19, most findings are preliminary, and further research is required for optimal management of patients with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Bigdelou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Sahar Najafikhoshnoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Alfonso Tavares Negrete
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed Sharaf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jim Q Ho
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ian Sullivan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Manina Etter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tala Shekarian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olin Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahim Esfandiarpour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
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Impacto de la fragilidad en la enfermedad por COVID-19 en una cohorte de gente mayor de la ciudad de Barcelona. Aten Primaria 2022; 54:102393. [PMID: 35779366 PMCID: PMC9125044 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Describir la incidencia y mortalidad de COVID-19, durante la primera ola, en la población de personas mayores de Barcelona, según sus niveles previos de fragilidad. Diseño Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Emplazamiento y participantes Población de 65 o más años asignada a los centros de Atención Primaria de Barcelona del Institut Català de la Salut, seguidos entre marzo y junio de 2020. Mediciones principales Fragilidad calculada al inicio a partir de la historia clínica informatizada. Resultados durante el seguimiento: diagnóstico de COVID-19, posible o confirmado con PCR y mortalidad por todas las causas. Resultados Se analizaron 251788 mayores de 64 años. Un 61,3% tenían algún nivel de fragilidad, 27,8% moderada o grave. La incidencia de COVID-19 fue de 3,13 casos por 100 habitantes (N = 7883) y la mortalidad por COVID-19 fue del 21,5% (N =1 691). Tanto la incidencia como la mortalidad por COVID-19 fueron superiores a mayor edad, en hombres, a mayor privación y a mayor nivel de fragilidad. Los individuos con fragilidad leve, moderada y grave tuvieron un hazard ratio ajustado de enfermedad por COVID-19 de 1,47, 2,08 y 3,50 respectivamente. Entre los sujetos con COVID-19, aquéllos con fragilidad leve, moderada y grave tuvieron un hazard ratio ajustado de mortalidad por COVID-19 de 1,44, 1,69 y 2,47 respectivamente. Conclusiones Consideramos necesario el abordaje de la fragilidad también en situación de pandemia, dado que es una condición tratable y a su vez factor de riesgo de COVID-19 más grave, donde el papel de la Atención Primaria es primordial, por su accesibilidad y longitudinalidad.
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14
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Zhang H, Wu Y, He Y, Liu X, Liu M, Tang Y, Li X, Yang G, Liang G, Xu S, Wang M, Wang W. Age-Related Risk Factors and Complications of Patients With COVID-19: A Population-Based Retrospective Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:757459. [PMID: 35087843 PMCID: PMC8786909 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.757459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors, and complications across age-groups among the inpatients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: In this population-based retrospective study, we included all the positive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan City from December 29, 2019 to April 15, 2020, during the first pandemic wave. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for death from COVID-19. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to study the associations between comorbidities and complications. Results: There are 36,358 patients in the final cohort, of whom 2,492 (6.85%) died. Greater age (odds ration [OR] = 1.061 [95% CI 1.057-1.065], p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.726 [95% CI 1.582-1.885], p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.558 [95% CI 1.355-1.786], p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.326 [95% CI 1.055-1.652], p = 0.014), hypertension (OR = 1.175 [95% CI 1.067-1.293], p = 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.258 [95% CI 1.118-1.413], p < 0.001), cancer (OR = 1.86 [95% CI 1.507-2.279], p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.745 [95% CI 1.427-2.12], p < 0.001), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.96 [95% CI 1.323-2.846], p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for death from COVID-19. Patients aged 40-80 years make up the majority of the whole patients, and them had similar risk factors with the whole patients. For patients aged <40 years, only cancer (OR = 17.112 [95% CI 6.264-39.73], p < 0.001) and ICH (OR = 31.538 [95% CI 5.213-158.787], p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of death. For patients aged >80 years, only age (OR = 1.033 [95% CI 1.008-1.059], p = 0.01) and male gender (OR = 1.585 [95% CI 1.301-1.933], p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of death. The incidence of most complications increases with age, but arrhythmias, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis were more common in younger deceased patients with COVID-19, with only arrhythmia reaching statistical difference (p = 0.039). We found a relatively poor correlation between preexisting risk factors and complications. Conclusions: Coronavirus disease 2019 are disproportionally affected by age for its clinical manifestations, risk factors, complications, and outcomes. Prior complications have little effect on the incidence of extrapulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Mingqian Liu
- Winning Health Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Winning Health Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Winning Health Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Winning Health Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, Wuhan, China
| | - Shabei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Pizzato M, Baraldi C, Boscato Sopetto G, Finozzi D, Gentile C, Gentile MD, Marconi R, Paladino D, Raoss A, Riedmiller I, Ur Rehman H, Santini A, Succetti V, Volpini L. SARS-CoV-2 and the Host Cell: A Tale of Interactions. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2021.815388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a virus to spread between individuals, its replication capacity and the clinical course of the infection are macroscopic consequences of a multifaceted molecular interaction of viral components with the host cell. The heavy impact of COVID-19 on the world population, economics and sanitary systems calls for therapeutic and prophylactic solutions that require a deep characterization of the interactions occurring between virus and host cells. Unveiling how SARS-CoV-2 engages with host factors throughout its life cycle is therefore fundamental to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the viral infection and to design antiviral therapies and prophylactic strategies. Two years into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this review provides an overview of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell, with focus on the machinery and compartments pivotal for virus replication and the antiviral cellular response. Starting with the interaction with the cell surface, following the virus replicative cycle through the characterization of the entry pathways, the survival and replication in the cytoplasm, to the mechanisms of egress from the infected cell, this review unravels the complex network of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell, highlighting the knowledge that has the potential to set the basis for the development of innovative antiviral strategies.
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16
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Smith J, Aboumrad M, Reyes C, Satram S, Young-Xu Y. Predictors of Incident Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Positivity in a Veteran Population. Mil Med 2021; 188:e1268-e1275. [PMID: 34668962 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored factors related to testing positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to identify populations most at risk for this airborne pathogen. METHODS Data were abstracted from the medical record database of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and from public sources. Veterans testing positive were matched in a 1:4 ratio to those at a similar timepoint and local disease burden who remained negative between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for the association of each potential risk factor with a positive test result. RESULTS A total of 24,843 veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were matched with 99,324 controls. Cases and controls were similar in age, sex, ethnicity, and rurality, but cases were more likely to be Black, reside in low-income counties, and suffer from dementia. Multivariable analysis demonstrated highest risk for Black veterans, those with dementia or diabetes, and those living in nursing homes or high-poverty areas. Veterans living in counties likely to be more adherent to public health guidelines were at the lowest risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results are similar to those from studies of other populations and add to that work by accounting for several important proxies for risk. In particular, this work has implications for the value of infection control measures at the population level in helping to stem widespread outbreaks of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Smith
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Epidemiology Program, White River Jct, VT 05009, USA
| | - Maya Aboumrad
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Epidemiology Program, White River Jct, VT 05009, USA
| | - Carolina Reyes
- Division of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, VIR Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sacha Satram
- Division of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, VIR Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yinong Young-Xu
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Clinical Epidemiology Program, White River Jct, VT 05009, USA
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Speletas M, Dadouli K, Syrakouli A, Gatselis N, Germanidis G, Mouchtouri VA, Koulas I, Samakidou A, Nikolaidou A, Stefos A, Mimtsoudis I, Hatzianastasiou S, Koureas M, Anagnostopoulos L, Tseroni M, Tsinti G, Metallidis S, Dalekos G, Hadjichristodoulou C. MBL deficiency-causing B allele (rs1800450) as a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152136. [PMID: 34628288 PMCID: PMC8462051 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. The disease is characterized by a variable clinical phenotype, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to severe and/or critical disease, which bears poor prognosis and outcome because of the development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) requiring ICU hospitalization, multi-organ failure and death. Therefore, the determination of risk factors predisposing to disease phenotype is of outmost importance. The aim of our study was to evaluate which predisposing factors, including MBL2 genotyping, affected clinical phenotype in 264 COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that older age along with underlying comorbidities, primarily obesity, chronic inflammatory disorders and diabetes mellitus, represent the most important risk factors related to hospitalization, the development of pneumonia and SARS. Moreover, we found that the presence of the MBL deficiency-causing B allele (rs1800450) was significantly associated with almost 2-fold increased risk for developing pneumonia and requiring hospitalization, suggesting its usage as a molecular predictor of severe disease in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Argyro Syrakouli
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gatselis
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara A Mouchtouri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Koulas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna Samakidou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasia Nikolaidou
- First Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aggelos Stefos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Iordanis Mimtsoudis
- First Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Michalis Koureas
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Lemonia Anagnostopoulos
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimina Tsinti
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Symeon Metallidis
- First Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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Schoeman D, Fielding BC. Human Coronaviruses: Counteracting the Damage by Storm. Viruses 2021; 13:1457. [PMID: 34452323 PMCID: PMC8402835 DOI: 10.3390/v13081457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 18 years, three highly pathogenic human (h) coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused severe outbreaks, the most recent causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, being the first to cause a pandemic. Although much progress has been made since the COVID-19 pandemic started, much about SARS-CoV-2 and its disease, COVID-19, is still poorly understood. The highly pathogenic hCoVs differ in some respects, but also share some similarities in clinical presentation, the risk factors associated with severe disease, and the characteristic immunopathology associated with the progression to severe disease. This review aims to highlight these overlapping aspects of the highly pathogenic hCoVs-SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2-briefly discussing the importance of an appropriately regulated immune response; how the immune response to these highly pathogenic hCoVs might be dysregulated through interferon (IFN) inhibition, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA); and how these could link to the ensuing cytokine storm. The treatment approaches to highly pathogenic hCoV infections are discussed and it is suggested that a greater focus be placed on T-cell vaccines that elicit a cell-mediated immune response, using rapamycin as a potential agent to improve vaccine responses in the elderly and obese, and the potential of stapled peptides as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burtram C. Fielding
- Molecular Biology and Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
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Jacob L, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Tanislav C, Konrad M, van der Beck S, Kostev K. Prevalence of, and factors associated with, long-term COVID-19 sick leave in working-age patients followed in general practices in Germany. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:203-208. [PMID: 34224870 PMCID: PMC8922990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevalence of, and the factors associated with, long-term sick leave in working-age patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in general practices in Germany. Methods Patients aged 18–65 years diagnosed with COVID-19 in any of 1255 general practices in Germany between March 2020 and February 2021 were included in the study. Long-term sick leave was defined as sick leave of at least 4 weeks. The association between predefined independent variables and long-term sick leave was studied using an adjusted logistic regression model. Results This study included 30 950 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (51.7% women, mean (standard deviation) age 41.5 (±13.0) years). The prevalence of long-term sick leave was 5.8%. Female sex, older age, and several conditions (noninfective enteritis and colitis; reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders; atopic dermatitis; mononeuropathies; reflux diseases; diabetes mellitus; and hypertension) were positively and significantly associated with long-term sick leave. Conclusion Long-term sick leave was relatively rare in COVID-19 patients followed in general practices in Germany. These results should be confirmed or invalidated in other settings and countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Tanislav
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Diakonie Hospital Jung Stilling Siegen, Germany
| | - Marcel Konrad
- Health & Social, FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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