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Masroni MSB, Lee KW, Lee VKM, Ng SB, Law CT, Poon KS, Lee BTK, Liu Z, Tan YP, Chng WL, Tucker S, Ngo LSM, Yip GWC, Nga ME, Hue SSS, Putti TC, Bay BH, Lin Q, Zhou L, Hartman M, Loh TP, Lakshmanan M, Lee SY, Tergaonkar V, Chua H, Lee AVH, Yeo EYM, Li MH, Chang CF, Kee Z, Tan KML, Tan SY, Koay ESC, Archetti M, Leong SM. Dynamic altruistic cooperation within breast tumors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:206. [PMID: 38093346 PMCID: PMC10720132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social behaviors such as altruism, where one self-sacrifices for collective benefits, critically influence an organism's survival and responses to the environment. Such behaviors are widely exemplified in nature but have been underexplored in cancer cells which are conventionally seen as selfish competitive players. This multidisciplinary study explores altruism and its mechanism in breast cancer cells and its contribution to chemoresistance. METHODS MicroRNA profiling was performed on circulating tumor cells collected from the blood of treated breast cancer patients. Cancer cell lines ectopically expressing candidate miRNA were used in co-culture experiments and treated with docetaxel. Ecological parameters like relative survival and relative fitness were assessed using flow cytometry. Functional studies and characterization performed in vitro and in vivo include proliferation, iTRAQ-mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing, inhibition by small molecules and antibodies, siRNA knockdown, CRISPR/dCas9 inhibition and fluorescence imaging of promoter reporter-expressing cells. Mathematical modeling based on evolutionary game theory was performed to simulate spatial organization of cancer cells. RESULTS Opposing cancer processes underlie altruism: an oncogenic process involving secretion of IGFBP2 and CCL28 by the altruists to induce survival benefits in neighboring cells under taxane exposure, and a self-sacrificial tumor suppressive process impeding proliferation of altruists via cell cycle arrest. Both processes are regulated concurrently in the altruists by miR-125b, via differential NF-κB signaling specifically through IKKβ. Altruistic cells persist in the tumor despite their self-sacrifice, as they can regenerate epigenetically from non-altruists via a KLF2/PCAF-mediated mechanism. The altruists maintain a sparse spatial organization by inhibiting surrounding cells from adopting the altruistic fate via a lateral inhibition mechanism involving a GAB1-PI3K-AKT-miR-125b signaling circuit. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal molecular mechanisms underlying manifestation, persistence and spatial spread of cancer cell altruism. A minor population behave altruistically at a cost to itself producing a collective benefit for the tumor, suggesting tumors to be dynamic social systems governed by the same rules of cooperation in social organisms. Understanding cancer cell altruism may lead to more holistic models of tumor evolution and drug response, as well as therapeutic paradigms that account for social interactions. Cancer cells constitute tractable experimental models for fields beyond oncology, like evolutionary ecology and game theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Bin Masroni
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kee Wah Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Victor Kwan Min Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Siok Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chao Teng Law
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kok Siong Poon
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck-Kwong Lee
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, NTU Main Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Level 4, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Zhehao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Yuen Peng Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Wee Ling Chng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Steven Tucker
- Tucker Medical Pte Ltd, Novena Specialist Centre, 8 Sinaran Drive #04-03, Singapore, 307470, Singapore
| | - Lynette Su-Mien Ngo
- Raffles Cancer Centre, Raffles Hospital, 585 North Bridge Road, Singapore, 188770, Singapore
- Current address: Curie Oncology Pte Ltd, Mount Elizabeth Novena Specialist Centre, 38 Irrawaddy Road, Level 8, #08-29/30, Singapore, 329563, Singapore
| | - George Wai Cheong Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Min En Nga
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Susan Swee Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Thomas Choudary Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD10, 4 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lihan Zhou
- MiRXES Pte Ltd, JTC MedTech Hub, 2 Tukang Innovation Grove #08-01, Singapore, 618305, Singapore
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Manikandan Lakshmanan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Sook Yee Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Huiwen Chua
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Adeline Voon Hui Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Eric Yew Meng Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Mo-Huang Li
- CellSievo Pte Ltd, Block 289A, Bukit Batok Street 25, #15-218, Singapore, 650289, Singapore
| | - Chan Fong Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Zizheng Kee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Karen Mei-Ling Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute For Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Evelyn Siew-Chuan Koay
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Marco Archetti
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, W210 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Sai Mun Leong
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 3 NUH Main Building, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Chen S, Li D, Yang J, Zhao X, Qin M, Guo M, Chen C, He Z, Zhou Y, Xu L. Let-7 as a Promising Target in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: A Promise or a Pledge. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1070. [PMID: 36008964 PMCID: PMC9406090 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal regulation and expression of microRNA (miRNA) are closely related to the aging process and the occurrence and development of aging-related diseases. Lethal-7 (let-7) was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and plays an important role in development by regulating cell fate regulators. Accumulating evidence has shown that let-7 is elevated in aging tissues and participates in multiple pathways that regulate the aging process, including affecting tissue stem cell function, body metabolism, and various aging-related diseases (ARDs). Moreover, recent studies have found that let-7 plays an important role in the senescence of B cells, suggesting that let-7 may also participate in the aging process by regulating immune function. Therefore, these studies show the diversity and complexity of let-7 expression and regulatory functions during aging. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of let-7 expression regulation as well as its role in different tissue aging and aging-related diseases, which may provide new ideas for enriching the complex expression regulation mechanism and pathobiological function of let-7 in aging and related diseases and ultimately provide help for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China;
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Role of the Mediator Complex and MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Etiology. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020234. [PMID: 35205279 PMCID: PMC8871970 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivators play a key role in RNA polymerase II transcription and gene regulation. One of the most important transcriptional coactivators is the Mediator (MED) complex, which is an evolutionary conserved large multiprotein complex. MED transduces the signal between DNA-bound transcriptional activators (gene-specific transcription factors) to the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery to activate transcription. It is known that MED plays an essential role in ER-mediated gene expression mainly through the MED1 subunit, since estrogen receptor (ER) can interact with MED1 by specific protein–protein interactions; therefore, MED1 plays a fundamental role in ER-positive breast cancer (BC) etiology. Additionally, other MED subunits also play a role in BC etiology. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNAs, which can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding in a sequence-specific fashion at the 3′ UTR of the messenger RNA. The miRNAs are also important factors that influence oncogenic signaling in BC by acting as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Moreover, miRNAs are involved in endocrine therapy resistance of BC, specifically to tamoxifen, a drug that is used to target ER signaling. In metazoans, very little is known about the transcriptional regulation of miRNA by the MED complex and less about the transcriptional regulation of miRNAs involved in BC initiation and progression. Recently, it has been shown that MED1 is able to regulate the transcription of the ER-dependent miR-191/425 cluster promoting BC cell proliferation and migration. In this review, we will discuss the role of MED1 transcriptional coactivator in the etiology of BC and in endocrine therapy-resistance of BC and also the contribution of other MED subunits to BC development, progression and metastasis. Lastly, we identified miRNAs that potentially can regulate the expression of MED subunits.
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Epi-miRNAs: Regulators of the Histone Modification Machinery in Human Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4889807. [PMID: 35087589 PMCID: PMC8789461 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4889807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Epigenetic deregulation is one of the most critical mechanisms in carcinogenesis and can be classified into effects on DNA methylation and histone modification. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in fine-tuning their target genes after transcription. Various microRNAs control the expression of histone modifiers and are involved in a variety of cancers. Therefore, overexpression or downregulation of microRNAs can alter cell fate and cause malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of microRNAs in regulating the histone modification machinery in various cancers, with a focus on the histone-modifying enzymes such as acetylases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, demethylases, kinases, phosphatases, desumoylases, ubiquitinases, and deubiquitinases. Understanding of microRNA-related aberrations underlying histone modifiers in pathogenesis of different cancers can help identify novel therapeutic targets or early detection approaches that allow better management of patients or monitoring of treatment response.
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miRNAs Involved in Esophageal Carcinogenesis and miRNA-Related Therapeutic Perspectives in Esophageal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073640. [PMID: 33807389 PMCID: PMC8037581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a pivotal role in many aspects of cell biology, including cancer development. Within esophageal cancer, miRNAs have been proved to be involved in all phases of carcinogenesis, from initiation to metastatic spread. Several miRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in esophageal premalignant lesions, namely Barrett’s esophagus, Barrett’s dysplasia, and squamous dysplasia. Furthermore, numerous studies have investigated the alteration in the expression levels of many oncomiRNAs and tumor suppressor miRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, thus proving how miRNAs are able modulate crucial regulatory pathways of cancer development. Considering these findings, miRNAs may have a role not only as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, but also as predictive biomarker of response to anti-cancer therapies and as potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize several studies on the matter, focusing on the possible diagnostic–therapeutic implications.
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Peng B, Theng PY, Le MTN. Essential functions of miR-125b in cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12913. [PMID: 33332677 PMCID: PMC7848968 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and highly conserved non-coding RNAs that silence target mRNAs, and compelling evidence suggests that they play an essential role in the pathogenesis of human diseases, especially cancer. miR-125b, which is the mammalian orthologue of the first discovered miRNA lin-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans, is one of the most important miRNAs that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. The role of miR-125b in many types of cancer has been well established, and so here we review the current knowledge of how miR-125b is deregulated in different types of cancer; its oncogenic and/or tumour-suppressive roles in tumourigenesis and cancer progression; and its regulation with regard to treatment response, all of which are underlined in multiple studies. The emerging information that elucidates the essential functions of miR-125b might help support its potentiality as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker as well as an effective therapeutic tool against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh Ying Theng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Luo Z, Yang Y, Li D, Yu L, Liu N, Li L, Ma Y. Circular RNA 0086996 regulates growth and migration of osteosarcoma cells via miR-125b-5p. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153230. [PMID: 33053498 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have been found to be critical in tumorigenesis; however, the role of CircRNAs in osteosarcoma is to be further studied. In this study, we preliminarily identified the up-expressed CircRNAs and its downstream microRNA in osteosarcoma and investigated its potential regulation mechanism. Hsa_circ_0086996 (Circ_0086996) was found to upregulated in tumor tissue compared to adjacent tissue. Circ_0086996 was significantly overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissue, as well as in osteosarcoma cell lines of SAOS2 and MG-63. Circ_0086996 knockdown significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Circ_0086996 knockdown also induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phaseand promoted cell apoptosis in SAOS2 and MG-63 cells. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-125b-5p might be of complementary binding region with Circ_0086996, which was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, Circ_0086996 could reverse the effect of miR-125b-5p, as knockdown of Circ_0086996 or application of miR-125b-5p both can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promote cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Our study discovers that Circ_0086996 acts as miR-125b-5p sponge to mediate the tumorigenicity, which could act as a potential biomarker for the osteosarcoma and provides a novel insight for the mechanism in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Luo
- Department of Orthopedic, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Orthopedic, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuanzheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedic, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China.
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Dou D, Ge X, Wang X, Xu X, Zhang Z, Seng J, Cao Z, Gu Y, Han M. EZH2 Contributes To Cisplatin Resistance In Breast Cancer By Epigenetically Suppressing miR-381 Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9627-9637. [PMID: 32009798 PMCID: PMC6859472 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence reveals the vital role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in cancer chemoresistance. However, its function and molecular mechanisms in breast cancer chemoresistance remain largely unknown. METHODS Gene expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The functional roles of EZH2 and miR-381 in breast cancer were explored using cell MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. The effect of EZH2 on miR-381 expression in transcriptional level was determined using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and Luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that EZH2 was up-regulated in CDDP-resistant breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Breast cancer patients with high EZH2 expression had a poor prognosis. EZH2 silencing improved the sensitivity of MCF-7/CDDP and MDA-MB-231/CDDP cells towards CDDP. Moreover, EZH2 could epigenetically silence miR-381. miR-381 overexpression could overcome CDDP resistance in CDDP-resistant breast cancer cells. miR-381 knockdown weakened the inductive effect of EZH2 silencing on CDDP sensitivity of MCF-7/CDDP and MDA-MB-231/CDDP cells. Furthermore, EZH2 knockdown facilitated CDDP sensitivity of CDDP-resistant breast cancer cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, EZH2 depletion overcame CDDP resistance of breast cancer through epigenetically silencing miR-381, providing a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Dou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Seng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanting Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingli Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou475000, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Kozlova A, Pachera E, Maurer B, Jüngel A, Distler JHW, Kania G, Distler O. Regulation of Fibroblast Apoptosis and Proliferation by MicroRNA-125b in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:2068-2080. [PMID: 31309742 DOI: 10.1002/art.41041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression, regulation, and role of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS MiR-125b expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of RNA from dermal fibroblasts and whole skin biopsy specimens from healthy controls and SSc patients. To identify downstream effectors, RNA from healthy control fibroblasts was sequenced after miR-125b knockdown and further validated using qPCR and Western blotting. Fibrosis, apoptosis, and proliferation were assessed by Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining for cleaved caspase 3, and annexin V real-time assay in dermal fibroblasts. RESULTS Expression of miR-125b was significantly down-regulated in SSc skin biopsy specimens by 53% (median fold change 0.47 [interquartile range 0.35-0.69]; P < 0.001) and in SSc dermal fibroblasts by 47% (median fold change 0.53 [interquartile range 0.36-0.58]; P < 0.001) compared to healthy control skin biopsy specimens and fibroblasts, respectively (n = 10 samples per group). Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and tubastatin A significantly decreased the expression of miR-125b in dermal fibroblasts. MiR-125b knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. RNA-Seq identified BAK1, BMF, and BBC3 as potential targets of miR-125b. Quantitative PCR confirmed that knockdown of miR-125b up-regulated these genes (P < 0.01; n = 12). Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer 1 showed the strongest induction confirmed at the protein level (P < 0.01; n = 10). Consequently, miR-125b knockdown increased apoptosis compared to scrambled control. Accordingly, miR-125b overexpression decreased apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that miR-125b is down-regulated in SSc skin and primary dermal fibroblasts. MiR-125b down-regulation increases apoptosis and decreases proliferation and α-SMA expression in dermal fibroblasts, indicating that its compensatory, antifibrotic mechanism may be a potential novel therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jörg H W Distler
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Chirshev E, Oberg KC, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. Let-7 as biomarker, prognostic indicator, and therapy for precision medicine in cancer. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:24. [PMID: 31468250 PMCID: PMC6715759 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal regulation and expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been documented in various diseases including cancer. The miRNA let-7 (MIRLET7) family controls developmental timing and differentiation. Let-7 loss contributes to carcinogenesis via an increase in its target oncogenes and stemness factors. Let-7 targets include genes regulating the cell cycle, cell signaling, and maintenance of differentiation. It is categorized as a tumor suppressor because it reduces cancer aggressiveness, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. However, in rare situations let-7 acts as an oncogene, increasing cancer migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and expression of genes associated with progression and metastasis. Here, we review let-7 function as tumor suppressor and oncogene, considering let-7 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, and a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. We explain the complex regulation and function of different let-7 family members, pointing to abnormal processes involved in carcinogenesis. Let-7 is a promising option to complement conventional cancer therapy, but requires a tumor specific delivery method to avoid toxicity. While let-7 therapy is not yet established, we make the case that assessing its tumor presence is crucial when choosing therapy. Clinical data demonstrate that let-7 can be used as a biomarker for rational precision medicine decisions, resulting in improved patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chirshev
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Division of Anatomy and Pediatric Pathology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya J Ioffe
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Juli J Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 219, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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11
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Klopotowska D, Matuszyk J, Wietrzyk J. Steroid hormone calcitriol and its analog tacalcitol inhibit miR-125b expression in a human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Steroids 2019; 141:70-75. [PMID: 30503385 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MiR-125b belongs to the class of microRNAs, which are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recently, it was reported that miR-125b was found to promote migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells and was involved in chemotherapeutic resistance. Decreasing miR-125b expression would have potential therapeutic significance in preventing dissemination of breast cancer cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate miR-125b expression levels in MCF-7 cells following treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) and 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (tacalcitol), active metabolite and synthetic analog of vitamin D3, respectively. We found that treatment with both calcitriol and tacalcitol caused a decrease in miR-125b expression. In addition, treatment with calcitriol and tacalcitol resulted in an increase in the level of pro-apoptotic BAK1 protein encoded by the target gene of miR-125b. We are discussing the putative mechanism of inhibition of the miR-125b expression by vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists and we suggest that calcitriol and tacalcitol may be used as a miR-125b inhibitor in breast cancer cells expressing VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Klopotowska
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 R. Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Janusz Matuszyk
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction Molecules, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 R. Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 R. Weigla Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
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12
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A miR-125b/CSF1-CX3CL1/tumor-associated macrophage recruitment axis controls testicular germ cell tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:962. [PMID: 30237497 PMCID: PMC6148032 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth is modulated by crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances have shown that miRNA dysfunction in tumor cells can modulate the tumor microenvironment to indirectly determine their progression. However, this process is poorly understood in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). We reported here that miR-125b was repressed in TGCT samples by epigenetic modifications rather than genetic alternations. Furthermore, miR-125b overexpression significantly alleviated the tumor growth in two NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma xenograft models in vivo, whereas miR-125b did not stimulate autonomous tumor cell growth in vitro. Notably, forced expression of miR-125b in NCCIT embryonic carcinoma cells decreased the abundance of host tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within tumor microenvironment. Selective deletion of host macrophages by clodronate abolished the anti-tumoral ability of miR-125b in xenograft models. By RNA profiling, Western blot and luciferase reporter assay, we further observed that miR-125b directly regulated tumor cell-derived chemokine CSF1 and CX3CL1, which are known to control the recruitment of TAMs to tumor sites. Lastly, we found that one set of miRNAs, which are under the regulation of miR-125b, might convergently target CSF1/CX3CL1 in NCCIT cells using miRNA profiling. These findings uncover the anticancer effect of miR-125b via mediating tumor-stroma crosstalk in xenograft models of TGCTs and raise the possibility of targeting miR-125b as miRNA therapeutics.
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13
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Mei LL, Wang WJ, Qiu YT, Xie XF, Bai J, Shi ZZ. miR-125b-5p functions as a tumor suppressor gene partially by regulating HMGA2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185636. [PMID: 28968424 PMCID: PMC5624607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the progression of human cancer including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although previous reports showed that miR-125b-5p was down-regulated in ESCC, the roles and mechanisms of loss of function of miR-125b-5p in ESCC were still unknown. Using microRNA microarray and GEO datasets, we found and confirmed that miR-125b-5p was down-regulated in ESCC tissues. In-vitro assays showed that ectopic miR-125b-5p expression repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell senescence. We also found that miR-125b-5p reduced the expressions of cell cycle regulatory genes including CCNA2, CCND1 and CCNE1, and regulated the markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and EMT associated transcription factor Slug, and also decreased the MMPs including MMP2, MMP7 and MMP13. Furthermore, the candidate target gene HMGA2 was negatively regulated by miR-125b-5p both in mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, knockdown of HMGA2 partially phenocopied the effects of miR-125b-5p overexpression on cell cycle regulators and EMT markers. In conclusion, our results suggested that overexpression of miR-125b-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion partially by down-regulating HMGA2 in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Mei
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Tan Qiu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Xie
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: (ZZS); (JB)
| | - Zhi-Zhou Shi
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, CAMS, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZS); (JB)
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14
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Hsu ACY, Dua K, Starkey MR, Haw TJ, Nair PM, Nichol K, Zammit N, Grey ST, Baines KJ, Foster PS, Hansbro PM, Wark PA. MicroRNA-125a and -b inhibit A20 and MAVS to promote inflammation and impair antiviral response in COPD. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90443. [PMID: 28405612 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections lead to severe inflammation in the airways. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characteristically have exaggerated airway inflammation and are more susceptible to infections with severe symptoms and increased mortality. The mechanisms that control inflammation during IAV infection and the mechanisms of immune dysregulation in COPD are unclear. We found that IAV infections lead to increased inflammatory and antiviral responses in primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) from healthy nonsmoking and smoking subjects. In pBECs from COPD patients, infections resulted in exaggerated inflammatory but deficient antiviral responses. A20 is an important negative regulator of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory but not antiviral responses, and A20 expression was reduced in COPD. IAV infection increased the expression of miR-125a or -b, which directly reduced the expression of A20 and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS), and caused exaggerated inflammation and impaired antiviral responses. These events were replicated in vivo in a mouse model of experimental COPD. Thus, miR-125a or -b and A20 may be targeted therapeutically to inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and enhance antiviral immunity in IAV infections and in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C-Y Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt-Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prema M Nair
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Zammit
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Ding Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang N, Li T, Fang J, Zhang Y, Zuo F, Tao Z, Tang S, Zhu W, Chen H, Sun X. miR-145 inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells by directly or indirectly regulating TGF-β1 expression. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1701-1710. [PMID: 28393176 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated low expression of miR-145 associated with cell proliferation and migration in a wide variety of tumors. Here, we studied the expression of miR-145 in relation to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Total RNA from breast cancer tissue and corresponding adjacent normal tissue was extracted and used to detect miR-145 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We also transfected breast cancer cells with hsa-miR-145 mimics, hsa-miR-145 inhibitor, mimics negative control (mimics NC) or inhibitor negative control (inhibitor NC). Cell proliferation was analyzed by colony formation assays and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays. Cell proliferation in breast cancer cells was decreased after overexpression of miR-145 and increased following miR-145 suppression. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively, and were also decreased after overexpression of miR-145 and increased after miR-145 suppression in breast cancer cells. Finally, western blot assays showed that overexpression of miR-145 inhibited expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Collectively, these data suggest that miR-145 may inhibit TGF-β1 protein expression which may in turn contribute to tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ding
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Feiyang Zuo
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Tao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Tang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Huabiao Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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16
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Circulating Nucleosomes and Nucleosome Modifications as Biomarkers in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9010005. [PMID: 28075351 PMCID: PMC5295776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally the stratification of many cancers involves combining tumour and clinicopathological features (e.g., patient age; tumour size, grade, receptor status and location) to inform treatment options and predict recurrence risk and survival. However, current biomarkers often require invasive excision of the tumour for profiling, do not allow monitoring of the response to treatment and stratify patients into broad heterogeneous groups leading to inconsistent treatment responses. Here we explore and describe the benefits of using circulating biomarkers (nucleosomes and/or modifications to nucleosomes) as a non-invasive method for detecting cancer and monitoring response to treatment. Nucleosomes (DNA wound around eight core histone proteins) are responsible for compacting our genome and their composition and post-translational modifications are responsible for regulating gene expression. Here, we focus on breast and colorectal cancer as examples where utilizing circulating nucleosomes as biomarkers hold real potential as liquid biopsies. Utilizing circulating nucleosomes as biomarkers is an exciting new area of research that promises to allow both the early detection of cancer and monitoring of treatment response. Nucleosome-based biomarkers combine with current biomarkers, increasing both specificity and sensitivity of current tests and have the potential to provide individualised precision-medicine based treatments for patients.
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