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Yu S, Zhao Y, Li L, Zhao H, Liu M, Jiang L. Flavonoids from citrus peel display potential synergistic effects on inhibiting rumen methanogenesis and ammoniagenesis: a microbiome perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:21208-21223. [PMID: 38383931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been recognized as potential phytochemicals to reduce enteric methane (CH4) production and improve rumen nitrogen efficiency in ruminants. We evaluated whether naringin, hesperidin, their combination, or a mixed citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) as additives can inhibit methanogenesis and ammoniagenesis in dairy cows using an in vitro rumen batch refermentation system. The rumen inocula from dairy cows were incubated in batch cultures with five groups: no addition (CON), hesperidin (20 g/kg DM), naringin (20 g/kg DM), hesperidin + naringin (10 g/kg DM of hesperidin + 10 g/kg DM of naringin), and CFE (20 g/kg DM). The combination of naringin plus hesperidin and CFE achieved greater reductions in CH4 and ammonia production compared to either naringin or hesperidin alone. Microbiome analysis revealed that the decrease in CH4 emissions may have been caused by both the direct inhibitory impact of citrus flavonoids on Methanobrevibacter and a simultaneous decrease in protozoa Isotricha abundance. The relatively lower proportion of Entodinium in naringin plus hesperidin or CFE was responsible for the lower ammonia concentration. These results suggest that citrus flavonoids possess potential synergistic effects on mitigating ruminal CH4 emissions by cows and improving nitrogen utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, No.7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Patra AK, Puchala R. Methane mitigation in ruminants with structural analogues and other chemical compounds targeting archaeal methanogenesis pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108268. [PMID: 37793598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruminants are responsible for enteric methane production contributing significantly to the anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Moreover, dietary energy is lost as methane gas without being available for animal use. Therefore, many mitigation strategies aiming at interventions at animals, diet, and microbiota have been explored by researchers. Specific chemical analogues targeting the enzymes of the methanogenic pathway appear to be more effective in specifically inhibiting the growth of methane-producing archaea without hampering another microbiome, particularly, cellulolytic microbiota. The targets of methanogenesis reactions that have been mainly investigated in ruminal fluid include methyl coenzyme M reductase (halogenated sulfonate and nitrooxy compounds), corrinoid enzymes (halogenated aliphatic compounds), formate dehydrogenase (nitro compounds, e.g., nitroethane and 2-nitroethanol), and deazaflavin (F420) (pterin and statin compounds). Many other potential metabolic reaction targets in methanogenic archaea have not been evaluated properly. The analogues are specifically effective inhibitors of methanogens, but their efficacy to lower methanogenesis over time reduces due to the metabolism of the compounds by other microbiota or the development of resistance mechanisms by methanogens. In this short review, methanogen populations inhabited in the rumen, methanogenesis pathways and methane analogues, and other chemical compounds specifically targeting the metabolic reactions in the pathways and methane production in ruminants have been discussed. Although many methane inhibitors have been evaluated in lowering methane emission in ruminants, advancement in unravelling the molecular mechanisms of specific methane inhibitors targeting the metabolic pathways in methanogens is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA.
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA; Applied Physiology Unit, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, Warsaw, Poland
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Avila-Nava A, Medina-Vera I, Toledo-Alvarado H, Corona L, Márquez-Mota CC. Supplementation with antioxidants and phenolic compounds in ruminant feeding and its effect on dairy products: a systematic review. J DAIRY RES 2023; 90:216-226. [PMID: 37655445 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products have great importance in human nutrition related to the presence of different nutrients, including protein, fatty acid profile and bioactive compounds. Dietary supplementation with foods containing these types of compounds may influence the chemical composition of milk and dairy products and hence, potentially, the consumer. Our objective was to summarize the evidence of the effect of supplementation with antioxidants and phenolic compounds in the diets of dairy animals and their effects on milk and dairy products. We conducted a systematic search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database for studies published up until July 2022 that reported on supplementation with antioxidants and phenolic compounds in diets that included plants, herbs, seeds, grains and isolated bioactive compounds of dairy animals such as cows, sheep and goats and their effects on milk and dairy products. Of the 94 studies identified in the search, only 15 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review revealed that supplementation with false flax cake, sweet grass, Acacia farnesiana, mushroom myceliated grains and sweet grass promoted an effect on the milk lipid profile, whereas supplementation with dried grape pomace and tannin extract promoted an effect on the milk and cheese lipid profiles. In six studies, the addition of Acacia farnesiana, hesperidin or naringin, durum wheat bran, mushroom myceliated grains, dried grape pomace and olive leaves increased the antioxidant activity of milk. In conclusion, supplementation with bioactive compounds had a positive impact which ranged from an increase in antioxidant capacity to a decrease in oxidative biomarkers such as malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), Mérida, México
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hugo Toledo-Alvarado
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Corona
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia C Márquez-Mota
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Youssef IM, Khalil HA, Swelum AA, Al Garadi MA, Balasubramanian B, Hassan MS, Abd El Halim HS, Abd El-Hack ME, Youssef KM, Abo-Samra MA. Influence of dietary chitosan-oligosaccharides supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of laying hens. Annals of Animal Science 2023; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This experiment aimed to ascertain whether adding chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) to the diet will affect Mandarah laying hens’ productivity and reproductive efficiency. At the age of 34 weeks, 120 laying hens and 12 cocks of the Mandarah chicken strain were separated into four groups, each consisting of 30 hens and three cocks. The 1st group served as a control group, receiving only a basic diet. The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th experimental groups received 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg of chitosan-oligosaccharides as an addition to the base diet, respectively. According to the findings of this study, the majority of the analyzed attributes differed significantly between treatment groups. Comparing the COS-treated birds to the control birds, the COS-treated birds significantly increased egg production, improved feed conversion, haugh unit score, shell thickness, fertility, hatchability, ovary weight, and the number of yellow ovarian follicles as well as blood estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone concentrations. Furthermore, compared to the other treated groups, introducing COS at a level 0.1 g/kg diet resulted in the best laying rate, egg mass, and feed conversion. The highest percentage of fertility, hatchability of hatching eggs, ovary weight, number of yellow ovarian follicles, and serum E2 concentration was also found in birds fed COS at a dose of 0.2 g/kg feed. In addition, compared to the control diet, COS treatment at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/kg enhanced relative economic efficiency by 464.43, 457.41, and 352.75%, respectively. It is concluded that chitosan improves economic efficiency, reproductive performance, productivity in laying hens, and overall health when used at a 0.1 g/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M. Youssef
- 1 Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center , Dokki, Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- 2 Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- 3 Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al Garadi
- 3 Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Magdy S. Hassan
- 1 Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center , Dokki, Giza 12618 , Egypt
| | - Haiam S. Abd El Halim
- 2 Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | | | - Khaled M. Youssef
- 6 Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Maher A. Abo-Samra
- 2 Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
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Liu T, Gao C, Long S, Wang Q, He T, Wu Z, Chen Z. Drinking Heated Water Improves Performance via Increasing Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Function in Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2073. [PMID: 37443871 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heated water intake on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and ruminal fermentation function of yak calves in winter. A total of 24 yaks (59.09 ± 3.181 kg) were randomly selected and divided into a cold water (fluctuated with the temperature of test sites at 0-10 °C) group (CW) (58.58 ± 3.592 kg) and a heated water (20 °C) group (HW) (59.61 ± 2.772 kg). After 2 months of the experiment, body weight, serum biochemical indexes, ruminal fermentation characteristics and ATTD were measured. The results showed that drinking heated water increased (p < 0.05) the total weight gain and average daily gain of yaks compared with those drinking cold water. Heated water increased (p < 0.05) the levels of immune globulin M, interleukin-6, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine and growth hormone compared with cold water. In addition, yaks drinking heated water showed higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude protein and ether extract, as well as increased (p < 0.05) content of total protein, albumin and urea nitrogen in serum than those drinking cold water. Compared with cold water, heated water showed increased (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and propionic acid, and a reduced (p < 0.05) acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (p < 0.05). In conclusion, drinking heated water at 20 °C could improve performance via increasing nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation function in yak calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenxi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu Y, Xiao Y, Ma T, Diao Q, Tu Y. Candida tropicalis as a novel dietary additive to reduce methane emissions and nitrogen excretion in sheep. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28245-x. [PMID: 37329373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate Candida tropicalis as a kind of environmentally friendly dietary additive to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns, reduce methane emissions and nitrogen excretion, and to screen the appropriate dose for sheep. Twenty-four Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes (51.12 kg ± 2.23 kg BW) were selected and randomly divided into four groups which were fed Candida tropicalis at dose of 0 (control), 4 × 108 (low dose), 4 × 109 (medium dose), and 4 × 1010 (high dose) colony-forming units (CFU)/d per head, respectively. The experiment lasted 33 days with 21 days for adaptation and 12 days for nutrient digestibility trial and respiratory gases sampling. The results showed that nutrients intake was not affected by Candida tropicalis supplementation (P > 0.05), whereas apparent digestibility of nutrients significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Nitrogen and energy utilization increased with Candida tropicalis supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the ewes of the control group, rumen fluid pH and NH3-N concentration were not affected (P > 0.05), whereas total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of propionate were greater (P < 0.05), and molar proportion of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate were less (P < 0.05) when the ewes were fed Candida tropicalis. Daily total CH4 production (L/d) and CH4 emissions yield (L/d of CH4 per kg of dry matter intake, metabolic weight, or digestibility dry matter intake) were decreased at the low dose group (P < 0.05). The abundance of total bacteria, methanogen, and protozoa in rumen fluid was significantly higher at medium dose and high dose of Candida tropicalis supplementation (P < 0.05) compared with low dose and the control group. In summary, Candida tropicalis supplementation has a potential to reduce CH4 emissions and nitrogen excretion, and the optimal dose should be 4 × 108 CFU/d per head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Shah AM, Qazi IH, Matra M, Wanapat M. Role of Chitin and Chitosan in Ruminant Diets and Their Impact on Digestibility, Microbiota and Performance of Ruminants. Fermentation 2022; 8:549. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The slow progress in the development of the subsector, particularly of alternative feed sources such as agro-industrial byproducts and unconventional feed resources, has deepened the gap in the availability of and accessibility to animal feed. Production of animal feed is highly resource demanding. Recently, it has been shown that increasing climate change, land degradation, and the recurrence of droughts have worsened the feed gap. In the backdrop of these challenges, there has been attention to food-not-feed components, which have great potential to substitute human-edible components in livestock feeding. Chitosan, a non-toxic polyglucosamine, is widely distributed in nature and used as a feed additive. Chitosan is obtained from the de-acetylation process of the chitin and is mostly present in shrimp, crabs, and insect exoskeletons, and has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antitumor, and immune-stimulatory hypo-cholesterolemic properties. This review article discusses the results of recent studies focusing on the effects of chitosan and chitin on the performance of dairy cows, beef steers, sheep, and goats. In addition, the effects of chitosan and chitin on feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbiota are also discussed. Available evidence suggests that chitosan and chitin used as a feed additive for ruminants including dairy cows, beef steers, sheep, goats, and yaks have useful biological effects, including immune-modulatory, antimicrobial, and other important properties. These properties of chitosan and chitin are different from the other feed additives and have a positive impact on production performance, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and bacterial population in dairy cows, beef steers, sheep, goats, and yaks. There is promising evidence that chitosan and chitin can be used as additives in livestock feed and that well-designed feeding interventions focusing on these compounds in ruminants are highly encouraged.
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Shi T, Zhang T, Wang X, Wang X, Shen W, Guo X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang Y. Metagenomic Analysis of in Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Reveals the Role of the Copresent Microbiome in Plant Biomass Degradation. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:12095-12106. [PMID: 36121066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro ruminal fermentation is considered an efficient way to degrade crop residue. To better understand the microbial communities and their functions during in vitro ruminal fermentation, the microbiome and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were investigated using the metagenomic sequencing and rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. A total of 1677 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed, and 298 MAGs were found copresenting in metagenomic data of the current work and 58 previously ruminal representative samples. Additionally, the domains related to pectin and xylan degradation were overrepresented in the copresent MAGs compared with total MAGs. Among the copresent MAGs, we obtained 14 MAGs with SCFA-synthesis-related genes positively correlated with SCFA concentrations. The MAGs obtained from this study enable a better understanding of dominant microbial communities across in vivo and in vitro ruminal fermentation and show promise for pointing out directions for further research on in vitro ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiangnan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xi Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Guo X, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Yao J, Li Z. Ruminal Bacterial Community Successions in Response to Monensin Supplementation in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172291. [PMID: 36078011 PMCID: PMC9454474 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Monensin has been successfully used in the ruminants’ diets to manipulate ruminal fermentation and improve feed efficiency, but its use is facing decreased levels of social acceptance due to the potential impacts on public health. Understanding the ruminal bacterial community successions in response to monensin supplementation would help the search for alternatives. We found that the ruminal ecosystem was reshaped through a series of succession processes during the adaption to monensin rather than following a clear dichotomy between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell types, and the carbohydrate-degrading bacteria presented a higher adaptability. Therefore, a potential alternative for monensin as a rumen modifier could be one with similar patterns of ruminal microbial community successions. Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that the effects of monensin on methanogenesis and ruminal fermentation in ruminants were time-dependent. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we investigated the ruminal bacterial community successions during the adaptation to monensin supplementation and subsequent withdrawal in goats. The experiment included a baseline period of 20 days followed by a treatment period of 55 days with 32 mg monensin/d and a washout period of 15 days. Monensin supplementation reduced the α diversity and changed the structure of ruminal microflora. The α diversity was gradually restored during adaption, but the structure was still reshaped. The temporal dynamics of 261 treatment- and/or time-associated ruminal bacteria displayed six patterns, with two as monensin-sensitive and four as monensin-resistant. The monensin sensitivity and resistance of microbes do not follow a clear dichotomy between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell types. Moreover, the temporal dynamic patterns of different bacterial species within the same genus or family also displayed variation. Of note, the relative abundance of the total ruminal cellulolytic bacteria gradually increased following monensin treatment, and that of the total amylolytic bacteria were increased by monensin, independent of the duration. In conclusion, under the pressure of monensin, the ruminal ecosystem was reshaped through a series of succession processes, and the carbohydrate-degrading bacteria presented a higher level of adaptability.
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Xiong Y, Xu J, Guo L, Chen F, Jiang D, Lin Y, Guo C, Li X, Chen Y, Ni K, Yang F. Exploring the Effects of Different Bacteria Additives on Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community and In Vitro Gas Production of Forage Oat Silage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091122. [PMID: 35565552 PMCID: PMC9100174 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Forage oat is an important feed resource in the world. Few studies on the application of different bacterial additives in forage oat silage have been found, which limits the utilization and promotion of oat silage in animal husbandry. In this study, we compared the fermentation quality and in vitro gas production of oat silage treated with four additives (Lactiplantibacillusplantarum F1,LP; Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus XJJ01, LR; Lacticaseibacillusparacasei XJJ02, LC; and Propionibacterium acidipropionici 1.1161, PP). The results show that compared to the CK group (without additives), the LR group had a higher dry matter content, while the LP group showed an improvement in fermentation quality. At the same time, the bacterial community in the LR group was also different from that in other groups. The treatments of PP and LC had no significant effects on fermentation quality, but the in vitro gas production was significantly reduced in the treated oat silage. These results could help us to optimize the utilization of forage oat silage in balanced ruminant diets. Abstract Bacterial inoculants are considered as a good choice for successful ensiling, playing a key role in improving the silage quality. However, the potential of different bacteria, especially the propionic acid bacteria, in forage oat ensiling is yet to be explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation effects of different bacterial additives on the fermentation quality of forage oat silage. Four additives (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum F1, LP; Lacticaseibacillus 0rhamnosus XJJ01, LR; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei XJJ02, LC; and Propionibacterium acidipropionici 1.1161, PP; without additives, CK) were inoculated in forage oat silage, and the fermentation quality and organic compounds were determined after 60 days of ensiling. Notably, LR showed higher dry matter preservation compared to other additives and CK. In addition, LP and LR showed strong lactic acid synthesis capacity, resulting in lower pH compared to other additives and CK. The treatments of PP and LC increased the bacterial diversity in silage, while the bacterial community in the LR group was different from that in other groups. In addition, the PP- and LC-treated oat silage showed significantly lower total in vitro gas production and a lower methane content. These results suggest that LP is more favorable for producing high-quality oat silage than LR, LC, or PP. Both the PP- and LC- treated oat silage may reduce rumen greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Jingjing Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Dedai Jiang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Yanli Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Chunze Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Yunrong Chen
- Donghan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Fuqing City, Fujian 350300, China;
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (J.X.); (L.G.); (F.C.); (D.J.); (C.G.); (X.L.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62733052
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