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Khan NA, Singh S, Ramamurthy PC, Aljundi IH. Exploring nutrient removal mechanisms in column-type SBR with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119485. [PMID: 37976649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation utilized a column-type sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to efficiently remove nutrients throughout various phases of its operational cycle by forming granules. This study assessed the influence and mechanisms of a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) system employing a column-type sequential batch reactor (SBR). The primary focus was on elucidating the functional groups involved in nitrogen transformation and removal within the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The research findings demonstrate the superior performance of the SBR process compared to the control group. It achieved an impressive SND efficiency of 69%, resulting in a remarkable 66% total nitrogen removal. Furthermore, a detailed analysis unveiled that the SBR process had a beneficial impact on the composition and properties of EPS. This impact was observed through increased EPS content and enhanced capacity to transport, convert, and retain nitrogen effectively. Additionally, after initial acclimatization, the SBR process showed its effectiveness in removing nutrients (88-98%) and COD (93%) from the generated wastewater within a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. A statistically significant difference between the treatments for the investigated mixing ratios was found by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Machine learning (CatBoost model) was employed to understand each parameter's relationship and predict the outcomes in measurable quantity. The findings of the SBR trials showed that the concentration of generated wastewater and the HRT impacted the treatment efficiency. However, the effluent may still need other physicochemical processes, such as membrane filtering, coagulation, electrocoagulation, etc., as post-treatment options, even though COD, nutrients, and turbidity have been entirely or significantly effectively removed. Overall, this work offers insightful information on the critical function of the SBR bacterial community in promoting SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Morais RGD, Braga SM, Braga MCB. Evaluation of the start-up of hydraulic conditions of a fluidised bed system. Environ Technol 2022; 43:4029-4041. [PMID: 34092195 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1939794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of this research was based on the analysis of an anaerobic fluidised bed reactor from the assembly of its components to the sealing of the system and further fluidisation. A hydrometer and a Venturi were used to identify the best means of measuring the flow rate. Results produced by both devices were similar, however, the latter was less effective due to the low flow rates necessary to operate the system. The hydrometer was the most adequate device for flow rate measurements in the range between 0.1 and 1.0 m³/h, whereas the Venturi proved to be an adequate device for the flow in the range between 0.3 and 0.7 m³/h. Sand with grain sizes varying from 357 to 1000 µm was used as support material. It was not observed statistically significant differences between the minimum fluidisation velocities related to the amount of supported material of 20% and 40% (VSM/Vusable) added to the reactor. Forty percent of the usable volume occupied with sand is adequate to reach fluidisation, instead of only the expansion of the bed. The fluidisation velocities for the sand grain size of 357 µm were 8.4 m/h ± 0.25 for 20%, and 8.6 m/h ± 0.30 for 40%, whereas for the 505 µm they were, respectively for 20% and 40%, 9.2 m/h ±0.70 and 10.1 m/h ± 0.37. The hydraulic tests allow to stress that sand grain sizes varying from 357 to 505 µm are recommended to be used in a system with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gonçalves de Morais
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering, Campus Polytechnic CentreParana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Michelotto Braga
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering, Campus Polytechnic CentreParana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Borba Braga
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering, Campus Polytechnic CentreParana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
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Sharma A, Bhatti MS. Simultaneous Removal of Organic Matter and Nutrients from High Strength Organic Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Processes (Basel) 2022; 10:1903. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial wastewater discharges often contain high levels of organic matter and nutrients, which can lead to eutrophication and constitute a serious hazard to receiving waters and aquatic life. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to treat high-strength organic wastewater for the removal of both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). At a constant COD concentration of approximately 1000 mg/L, the effects of cycle time (3 and 9 h) and various C:N:P ratios (100:5:2, 100:5:1, 100:10:1, and 100:10:2) were investigated using four identical SBRs (R1, R2, R3, and R4). According to experimental data, a significant high removal, i.e., 90%, 98.5%, and 84.8%, was observed for COD, NH3-N, and PO43−-P, respectively, when C:N:P was 100:5:1, at a cycle time of 3 h. Additionally, when cycle time was increased to 9 h, the highest levels of COD removal (95.7%), NH3-N removal (99.6%), and PO43−-P removal (90.31%) were accomplished. Also, in order to comprehend the primary impacts and interactions among the various process variables, the data was statistically examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level, which revealed that the interaction of cycle time and C/N ratio, cycle time and C/P ratio is significant for COD and NH3-N removal. However, the same interaction was found to be insignificant for PO43−-P removal. Sludge volume index (SVI30 and SVI10) and sludge settleability were studied, and the best settling was found in R3 with SVI30 of 55 mL/g after 9 h. Further evidence that flocs were present in reactors came from an average ratio of SVI 30/SVI 10 = 0.70 after 9 h and 0.60 after 3 h.
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Wolcott S, Hatwar M, Endreny TA, Newman LA. Suitability of select media for use in a novel green wall system used to treat brewery wastewater. Environ Technol 2022; 43:2656-2670. [PMID: 33736570 DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2021.1893829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Green walls are becoming increasingly popular as pleasing architectural installations and functional systems in sustainable urban building designs. However, utilization of green walls as an aqueous treatment option has been primarily limited to grey water. This study evaluates select media as appropriate support for plants and microorganisms in a novel green wall system used to treat wastewater from craft and micro-breweries. The media must have hydraulic capacity to treat large volumes of brewery wastewater, be lightweight and commercially available, and provide structure for plant roots and biofilm development. Two expanded recycled glass aggregates (Growstone® and Poraver®) and a lightweight expanded clay aggregate (Hydroton®) were evaluated, having a d50 range from 6 to 12 mm. To assess media performance, this study determined hydraulic characteristics and evaluated the growth of leafy green plants and microorganism populations irrigated with 100% raw brewery wastewater. It was determined that media with a particle d50 = 12 mm would facilitate a hydraulic loading rate of 1623 m3/m2/day media under unsaturated conditions and not result in interstitial velocities that shear away biofilm. No significant difference in plant growth metrics, microorganism type or cell density were observed between media. There were nearly three orders of magnitude more bacteria colonies than yeast CFU in biofilm. This innovative application of green walls has the potential to provide manufacturers of fermented beverages with a treatment option that has a low capital cost, simple to operate, and a small footprint, thereby avoiding traditional treatment processes and/or high sewer use fees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Wolcott
- Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Environmental Management and Safety, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA
| | - Mamata Hatwar
- Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Environmental Management and Safety, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, USA
| | - Ted A Endreny
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, SUNY ESF, Syracuse, USA
| | - Lee A Newman
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY ESF, Syracuse, USA
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Apollo S, Aoyi O. Performance and kinetics of a fluidized bed anaerobic reactor treating distillery effluent. Physical Sciences Reviews 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The kinetic analysis of an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor treating distillery effluent was carried out. Natural zeolite was used as biomass carrier at various organic loading rates and hydraulic retention times (HRT). The degradation followed first order kinetics and fitted Michaelis–Menten kinetic model for substrate utilization. The kinetic analysis showed that 9% of the TOC was nonbiodegradable which corresponds to about 14% COD. The non-biodegradable component was responsible for the dark-brown color of the distillery effluent and therefore there was a need for employing a post-treatment technology for their removal. Biomass yield was found to be 0.4658 g/g while endogenic microorganisms decay coefficient was 0.0293, which suggested that there was a need to install a sludge handling unit prior to post-treatment. The maximum micro-organisms’ growth rate was found to be 0.136 d−1 while the specific growth rate of the micro-organisms reduced with an increase in HRT at constant feed concentration. The specific substrate utilization rate was found to increase linearly with an increase in the ration of food to micro-organisms and the mean cell residence time was found to be at least 2.5 times the HRT due to application of zeolite as microbial support in the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Apollo
- Department of Physical Sciences , University of Embu , P.O. Box 6-60100 , Embu , Kenya
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Vaal University of Technology , Private Bag X021 , Vanderbijlpark , South Africa
| | - Ochieng Aoyi
- Botswana International University of Science and Technology , Private Bag 16 , Palapye , Botswana
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Nagda A, Meena M, Shah MP. Bioremediation of industrial effluents: A synergistic approach. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:395-414. [PMID: 34516028 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater consists of inorganic and organic toxic pollutants that pose a threat to environmental sustainability. The organic pollutants are a menace to the environment and life forms than the inorganic substances and pose teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and other serious detrimental effects on the living entities, moreover, they have a gene-altering effect on aquatic life forms and affect the soil fertility and quality. Removal of varying effluents having recalcitrant contaminants with conventional treatment technologies is strenuous. In contrast to physical and chemical methods, biological treatment methods are environmentally friendly, versatile, efficient, and technically feasible with low operational costs and energy footprints. Biological treatment is a secondary wastewater treatment system that utilizes the metabolic activities of microorganisms to oxidize or reduce inorganic and organic compounds and transform them into dense biomass, which later can be removed by the sedimentation process. Biological treatment in bioreactors is an ex situ method of bioremediation and provides the benefits of continuous monitoring under controlled parameters. This paper attempts to provide a review of bioremediation technologies discussing most concerning widespread bioreactors and advances used for different industrial effluents with their comparative merits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhishree Nagda
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Maulin P Shah
- Environmental Technology Lab, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
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Ahmadi E, Yousefzadeh S, Mokammel A, Miri M, Ansari M, Arfaeinia H, Badi MY, Ghaffari HR, Rezaei S, Mahvi AH. Kinetic study and performance evaluation of an integrated two-phase fixed-film baffled bioreactor for bioenergy recovery from wastewater and bio-wasted sludge. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020; 121:109674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Wei H, Tang Y, Shoeib T, Li A, Yang H. Evaluating the effects of the preoxidation of H 2O 2, NaClO, and KMnO 4 and reflocculation on the dewaterability of sewage sludge. Chemosphere 2019; 234:942-952. [PMID: 31519103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preoxidation effects of H2O2, NaClO, and KMnO4 on the dewaterability of sewage sludge were compared by analyzing the changes in specific resistance to filtration (SRF), filter cake moisture content (FCMC), extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions and components, and floc properties. The three oxidants varied in oxidation efficiency and exhibited distinctive mechanisms. NaClO not only destroyed sludge flocs and EPSs but also effectively caused cell lysis, resulting in release of a considerable amount of organic matters and subsequently significant deterioration of dewatering performance. The oxidation of H2O2 and KMnO4 was relatively mild and occurred mainly on the outer layers of the sludge flocs and cell-bound EPSs. By contrast, the SRF and FCMC of the sludge conditioned with a low dose of KMnO4 were slightly improved, and a fraction of soluble EPS was compressed because of the coagulation effect of the oxidation product MnO2. The pH of the sludge conditioned with H2O2 and KMnO4 showed no considerable change. Meanwhile, NaClO evidently increased the alkalinity of the sludge because of the hydrolysis effect. After the pH of the NaClO-treated sludge was readjusted to 7.0, the partial protonation efficiency slightly alleviated the deterioration of sludge dewatering performance. The preoxidized sludge was then subjected to reflocculation treatment using FeCl3, polyacrylamide, and a cationic starch-based flocculant, respectively. The combined treatment of preoxidation and reflocculation showed a high dewatering efficiency owing to their synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Zhang W, Feng Y, Chen Y, Li P, Zhu S, Shen S. High-efficiency treatment of PTA wastewater using a biogas jet assisted anaerobic fluidized bed reactor. Environ Technol 2019; 40:1534-1542. [PMID: 29333956 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1426636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new type of biogas jet assisted anaerobic fluidized bed reactor loaded with a polypropylene carrier has been proposed. There was a clear improvement in the fluidized state due to the biogas assisted input when the gas/water ratio was set at 1:3 with a suitable carrier loading of 60%. When the circulating water flow is 30 L/min assisted with biogas 10 L/min, the mixing time shortens from 26 to 18 s. The performance of anaerobic biodegradation on wastewater treatment was improved largely. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and terepthallic acid removal efficiencies were at 85.4% and 84%, respectively, at hydraulic retention time of 20 h, even when the influent COD concentration was as high as 4224 mg/L. In addition, plenty of microorganisms, attached to the carriers and assumed to be the reason behind the organic biodegradation efficiency of the proposed system, were observed using scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Feng
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwen Chen
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Material, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Li
- c Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , The University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | - Shemin Zhu
- d College of Material Science and Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Shubao Shen
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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Wu X, Li Y, Zhu X, Huang L, Zhu X. Experimental study on fluidization behaviors of walnut shell in a fluidized bed assisted by sand particles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40279-40287. [PMID: 35558226 PMCID: PMC9091296 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluidization behaviors and their differences for walnut shell (WS) assisted by different-sized sands at various blending proportions were investigated experimentally in a cold visual fluidized bed at ambient temperature and pressure. Through analyzing the fluidization characteristic curves, it was found that the WS/sand mixtures were clearly characterized by stratified fluidization during the fluidization process, presenting a velocity interval rather than a threshold for transition from fixed to fluidized bed. Sand-3, as the fluidizing medium, showed better performance for WS fluidization in terms of the relative difference between initial (U mf,i) and final fluidization velocity (U mf,f) as well as the average fluidization rate (R f). Furthermore, the regularity and mechanism of mixing and segregation of WS/sand mixtures in two fluidized regions (semi and completed) are discussed in detail based on the flow pattern diagram, the axial and radial distribution of the components, as well as the mixing index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China +86 551 63600040
| | - Yaxiang Li
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China +86 551 63600040
| | - Xiefei Zhu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China +86 551 63600040
| | - Lingrui Huang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China +86 551 63600040
| | - Xifeng Zhu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China +86 551 63600040
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Tang V, Fu D, Ngoc Binh T, Rene E, Sang T, Singh R. An Investigation on Performance and Structure of Ecological Revetment in a Sub-Tropical Area: A Case Study on Cuatien River, Vinh City, Vietnam. Water 2018; 10:636. [DOI: 10.3390/w10050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Jaafari J, Ghozikali MG, Azari A, Delkhosh MB, Javid AB, Mohammadi AA, Agarwal S, Gupta VK, Sillanpää M, Tkachev AG, Burakov AE. Adsorption of p -Cresol on Al 2 O 3 coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Response surface methodology and isotherm study. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liu Y, Lei Y, Xi Y, Liao Z, Zhang X. High-load domestic wastewater treatment using a combined anaerobic-aerobic bio-filter with coal cinder as medium. Environ Technol 2018; 39:102-108. [PMID: 28266229 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1296496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A combined anaerobic-aerobic bio-filter technology was used for field treatment of high-organic-load domestic wastewater with coal cinder as the bio-filter medium. The effects of parameters, including hydraulic retention time (HRT) and backflow ratio, on the decrease in the chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and turbidity were investigated. The results showed the obvious influence of the HRT and ratio of backflow on wastewater treatment. Under the optimal HRT condition of 18 h, the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N, TN, TP, and turbidity were 67.9%, 95.6%, 30.4%, 65.6%, and 83.8%, respectively. When the backflow ratio (2:1) was added to the treatment system, the TN removal obviously increased, and the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N, TN, TP, and turbidity were 88.1%, 91.7%, 69.9%, 69.6%, and 97.5%, respectively. These results indicated that the combined technology has the potential as a treatment method for high-organic-load domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxing Liu
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Lei
- b Nanjing University Research Institute (Changshu) Co., Ltd , Changshu , People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xi
- c College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiyi Liao
- c College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering , China Three Gorges University , Yichang , People's Republic of China
- d Department of Architectural Science , Ryerson University , Ontario , Canada
| | - Xia Zhang
- b Nanjing University Research Institute (Changshu) Co., Ltd , Changshu , People's Republic of China
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Feng Y, Zhang C, Lu B. Treatment of high-strength purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater using a magnetic porous ceramic support in laboratory-scale anaerobic-aerobic fluidized bed reactors. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1411907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Feng
- National Biochemical Engineering Technique Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- National Biochemical Engineering Technique Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Beibei Lu
- National Biochemical Engineering Technique Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, PR China
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Naghipour D, Jaafari J, Ashrafi SD, Mahvi AH. Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Silty Clay Loam Soil by Column Extraction with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Nitrilo Triacetic Acid. J Environ Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Naghipour
- Assistant Professor, School of Health, Guilan Univ. of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jalil Jaafari
- Postgraduate Student, School of Health, Guilan Univ. of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Davoud Ashrafi
- Assistant Professor, School of Health, Guilan Univ. of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Postgraduate Student, Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan Univ. of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Assistant Professor, School of Public Health, Tehran Univ. of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran Univ. of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran Univ. of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (corresponding author)
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Kamani H, Nasseri S, Khoobi M, Nabizadeh Nodehi R, Mahvi AH. Sonocatalytic degradation of humic acid by N-doped TiO2 nano-particle in aqueous solution. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2016; 14:3. [PMID: 26819709 PMCID: PMC4729171 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-016-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Un-doped and N-doped TiO2 nano-particles with different nitrogen contents were successfully synthesized by a simple sol–gel method, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra techniques. Then enhancement of sonocatalytic degradation of humic acid by un-doped and N-doped TiO2 nano-particles in aqueous environment was investigated. The effects of various parameters such as initial concentration of humic acid, N-doping, and the degradation kinetics were investigated. Results The results of characterization techniques affirmed that the synthesis of un-doped and N-doped TiO2 nano-particles was successful. Degradation of humic acid by using different nano-particles obeyed the first-order kinetic. Among various nano-particles, N-doped TiO2 with molar doping ratio of 6 % and band gap of 2.92 eV, exhibited the highest sonocatalytic degradation with an apparent-first-order rate constant of 1.56 × 10-2 min−1. Conclusions The high degradation rate was associated with the lower band gap energy and well-formed anatase phase. The addition of nano-catalysts could enhance the degradation efficiency of humic acid as well as N-doped TiO2 with a molar ratio of 6 %N/Ti was found the best nano-catalyst among the investigated catalysts. The sonocatalytic degradation with nitrogen doped semiconductors could be a suitable oxidation process for removal of refractory pollutants such as humic acid from aqueous solution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40201-016-0242-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kamani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Nasseri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Lin S, Wang X, Chao Y, He Y, Liu M. Predicting biofilm thickness and biofilm viability based on the concentration of carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus by support vector regression. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:418-425. [PMID: 26308927 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current tools to predict biofilm thickness and viability in spatial distribution are poor, especially those based on chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphate (TP) due to their limited data and complex calculations. Here, support vector regression (SVR) was used to predict biofilm thickness and viability in a reactor filled with carriers of crushed stone globular aggregates. Analyses combined confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry with Kriging interpolation revealed that biofilm thickness varied from 22 to 31 μm, and biofilm viability decreased from 80 to 30% in the flow direction of the reactor. The biofilm thickness at the bottom was thicker than that in the upper layer, but biofilm viability contrasted with biofilm thickness in the vertical distribution. The values of biofilm thickness and viability were predicted at a layer 35 cm from the bottom of the reactor with mean squared error values of 0.014 and 0.011, respectively. Correlation coefficients were 0.996 and 0.997 between carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus (C-N-P) removal with biofilm thickness and viability in spatial distribution, respectively. This study provided an important mathematical method to predict biofilm thickness and viability in spatial distribution based on the concentration of C-N-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- School of Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Wang
- School of Basic Science, Changchun University of Technology, No. 2055, Yan'an Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Chao
- School of Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University, No. 2555, Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yude He
- School of Basic Science, Changchun University of Technology, No. 2055, Yan'an Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Basic Science, Changchun University of Technology, No. 2055, Yan'an Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Naghipour D, Taghavi K, Jaafari J, Mahdavi Y, Ghanbari Ghozikali M, Ameri R, Jamshidi A, Hossein Mahvi A. Statistical modeling and optimization of the phosphorus biosorption by modified Lemna minor from aqueous solution using response surface methodology (RSM). Desalination and Water Treatment 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Naghipour
- School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Tel. ; Fax:
| | - Kamran Taghavi
- School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Tel. ; Fax:
| | - Jalil Jaafari
- School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel
| | - Yousef Mahdavi
- Faculty of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Tel. ; Fax:
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Tel. ; Fax:
| | - Reza Ameri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran, Tel. ; Fax:
| | - Arsalan Jamshidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel. ; Fax:
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19
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Yaghmaeian K, Jaafarzadeh N, Nabizadeh R, Dastforoushan G, Jaafari J. CFD modeling of incinerator to increase PCBs removal from outlet gas. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015; 13:60. [PMID: 26269746 PMCID: PMC4534144 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Incineration of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is an important alternative way for disposal of this type of hazardous waste. PCBs are very stable compounds and do not decompose readily. Individuals can be exposed to PCBs through several ways and damaged by their effects. A well design of a waste incinerator will convert these components to unharmfull materials. In this paper we have studied the design parameters of an incinerator with numerical approaches. The CFD software Fluent 6.3 is used for modelling of an incinerator. The effects of several baffles inside the incinerator on flow distribution and heat is investigated. The results show that baffles can reduce eddy flows, increase retaining times, and efficiencies. The baffles reduced cool areas and increased efficiencies of heat as maximum temperature in two and three baffle embedded incinerator were 100 and 200 °C higher than the non-baffle case, respectively. Also the gas emission leaves the incinerator with a lower speed across a longer path and the turbulent flow in the incinerator is stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- />Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nematallah Jaafarzadeh
- />Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- />Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jalil Jaafari
- />Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Yaghmaeian K, Khosravi Mashizi R, Nasseri S, Mahvi AH, Alimohammadi M, Nazmara S. Removal of inorganic mercury from aquatic environments by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015. [PMID: 26217489 PMCID: PMC4515910 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Mercury is considered as a toxic heavy metal in aquatic environments due to accumulation in bodies of living organisms. Exposure to mercury may lead to different toxic effects in humans including damages to kidneys and nervous system. Materials and methods Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected as sorbent to remove mercury from aqueous solution using batch technique. ICP instrument was used to determine the amount of mercury in solution. Moreover, pH, contact time and initial concentration of mercury were studied to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption conditions. Results Results indicate that the adsorption strongly depended on pH and the best pH for adsorption is about 7. The rate of adsorption process initially was rapid but it was gradually reduced with increasing of contact time and reached the equilibrium after 120 min. In addition, more than 85 % of initial concentration of 0.1 mg/l was removed at 0.5 g/l concentration of sorbent and contact time of 120 min. Meanwhile, the adsorption process followed the pseudo second-order model and the adsorption isotherms could be described by both the Freundlich and the Langmuir models. Conclusion This study showed that MWCNTs can effectively remove inorganic mercury from aqueous solutions as adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khosravi Mashizi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Nasseri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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