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Kanoh T, Mizoguchi T, Tonoki A, Itoh M. Modeling of age-related neurological disease: utility of zebrafish. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1399098. [PMID: 38765773 PMCID: PMC11099255 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1399098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Many age-related neurological diseases still lack effective treatments, making their understanding a critical and urgent issue in the globally aging society. To overcome this challenge, an animal model that accurately mimics these diseases is essential. To date, many mouse models have been developed to induce age-related neurological diseases through genetic manipulation or drug administration. These models help in understanding disease mechanisms and finding potential therapeutic targets. However, some age-related neurological diseases cannot be fully replicated in human pathology due to the different aspects between humans and mice. Although zebrafish has recently come into focus as a promising model for studying aging, there are few genetic zebrafish models of the age-related neurological disease. This review compares the aging phenotypes of humans, mice, and zebrafish, and provides an overview of age-related neurological diseases that can be mimicked in mouse models and those that cannot. We presented the possibility that reproducing human cerebral small vessel diseases during aging might be difficult in mice, and zebrafish has potential to be another animal model of such diseases due to their similarity of aging phenotype to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohgo Kanoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Tonoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Health and Disease Omics Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Dupré N, Gueniot F, Domenga-Denier V, Dubosclard V, Nilles C, Hill-Eubanks D, Morgenthaler-Roth C, Nelson MT, Keime C, Danglot L, Joutel A. Protein aggregates containing wild-type and mutant NOTCH3 are major drivers of arterial pathology in CADASIL. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175789. [PMID: 38386425 PMCID: PMC11014667 DOI: 10.1172/jci175789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and abnormal accumulation of the extracellular domain of the NOTCH3 receptor (Notch3ECD) are the 2 core features of CADASIL, a common cerebral small vessel disease caused by highly stereotyped dominant mutations in NOTCH3. Yet the relationship between NOTCH3 receptor activity, Notch3ECD accumulation, and arterial SMC loss has remained elusive, hampering the development of disease-modifying therapies. Using dedicated histopathological and multiscale imaging modalities, we could detect and quantify previously undetectable CADASIL-driven arterial SMC loss in the CNS of mice expressing the archetypal Arg169Cys mutation. We found that arterial pathology was more severe and Notch3ECD accumulation greater in transgenic mice overexpressing the mutation on a wild-type Notch3 background (TgNotch3R169C) than in knockin Notch3R170C/R170C mice expressing this mutation without a wild-type Notch3 copy. Notably, expression of Notch3-regulated genes was essentially unchanged in TgNotch3R169C arteries. We further showed that wild-type Notch3ECD coaggregated with mutant Notch3ECD and that elimination of 1 copy of wild-type Notch3 in TgNotch3R169C was sufficient to attenuate Notch3ECD accumulation and arterial pathology. These findings suggest that Notch3ECD accumulation, involving mutant and wild-type NOTCH3, is a major driver of arterial SMC loss in CADASIL, paving the way for NOTCH3-lowering therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupré
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Florian Gueniot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Domenga-Denier
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Dubosclard
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Nilles
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - David Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Christelle Morgenthaler-Roth
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Céline Keime
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Anne Joutel
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
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3
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Kastberger B, Winter S, Brandstätter H, Biller J, Wagner W, Plesnila N. Treatment with Cerebrolysin Prolongs Lifespan in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300439. [PMID: 38062874 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare familial neurological disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene and characterized by migraine attacks, depressive episodes, lacunar strokes, dementia, and premature death. Since there is no therapy for CADASIL the authors investigate whether the multi-modal neuropeptide drug Cerebrolysin may improve outcome in a murine CADASIL model. Twelve-month-old NOTCH3R169C mutant mice (n=176) are treated for nine weeks with Cerebrolysin or Vehicle and histopathological and functional outcomes are evaluated within the subsequent ten months. Cerebrolysin treatment improves spatial memory and overall health, reduces epigenetic aging, and prolongs lifespan, however, CADASIL-specific white matter vacuolization is not affected. On the molecular level Cerebrolysin treatment increases expression of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Silent Information Regulator Two (Sir2)-like protein 6 (SIRT6), decreases expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), and normalizes the expression of neurovascular laminin. In summary, Cerebrolysin fosters longevity and healthy aging without specifically affecting CADASIL pathology. Hence, Cerebrolysin may serve a therapeutic option for CADASIL and other disorders characterized by accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Winter
- Ever Pharma, Oberburgau 3, Unterach am Attersee, 4866, Austria
| | | | - Janina Biller
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Cygenia GmbH, 52078, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
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4
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Mizuta I, Nakao-Azuma Y, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi M, Mizuno T. Progress to Clarify How NOTCH3 Mutations Lead to CADASIL, a Hereditary Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38254727 PMCID: PMC10813265 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is conserved in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mammals. Among the four NOTCH genes in humans, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3 are known to cause monogenic hereditary disorders. Most NOTCH-related disorders are congenital and caused by a gain or loss of Notch signaling activity. In contrast, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by NOTCH3 is adult-onset and considered to be caused by accumulation of the mutant NOTCH3 extracellular domain (N3ECD) and, possibly, by an impairment in Notch signaling. Pathophysiological processes following mutant N3ECD accumulation have been intensively investigated; however, the process leading to N3ECD accumulation and its association with canonical NOTCH3 signaling remain unknown. We reviewed the progress in clarifying the pathophysiological process involving mutant NOTCH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Mizuta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
| | - Yumiko Nakao-Azuma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Kansai Gakken Laboratory, Kankyo Eisei Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 3-6-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
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5
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Oliveira DV, Coupland KG, Shao W, Jin S, Del Gaudio F, Wang S, Fox R, Rutten JW, Sandin J, Zetterberg H, Lundkvist J, Lesnik Oberstein SAJ, Lendahl U, Karlström H. Active immunotherapy reduces NOTCH3 deposition in brain capillaries in a CADASIL mouse model. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e16556. [PMID: 36524456 PMCID: PMC9906330 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic form of familial small vessel disease; no preventive or curative therapy is available. CADASIL is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, resulting in a mutated NOTCH3 receptor, with aggregation of the NOTCH3 extracellular domain (ECD) around vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we have developed a novel active immunization therapy specifically targeting CADASIL-like aggregated NOTCH3 ECD. Immunizing CADASIL TgN3R182C150 mice with aggregates composed of CADASIL-R133C mutated and wild-type EGF1-5 repeats for a total of 4 months resulted in a marked reduction (38-48%) in NOTCH3 deposition around brain capillaries, increased microglia activation and lowered serum levels of NOTCH3 ECD. Active immunization did not impact body weight, general behavior, the number and integrity of vascular smooth muscle cells in the retina, neuronal survival, or inflammation or the renal system, suggesting that the therapy is tolerable. This is the first therapeutic study reporting a successful reduction of NOTCH3 accumulation in a CADASIL mouse model supporting further development towards clinical application for the benefit of CADASIL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Kirsten G Coupland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Wenchao Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Shaobo Jin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Sailan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Rhys Fox
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Julie W Rutten
- Department of Clinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Sandin
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Alzecure FoundationHuddingeSweden,Alzecure PharmaHuddingeSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden,Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden,Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of Neurology, Queen SquareLondonUK,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water BayHong KongChina
| | - Johan Lundkvist
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Alzecure FoundationHuddingeSweden,Sinfonia BiotherapeuticsHuddingeSweden
| | | | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Helena Karlström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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6
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Oka F, Lee JH, Yuzawa I, Li M, von Bornstaedt D, Eikermann-Haerter K, Qin T, Chung DY, Sadeghian H, Seidel JL, Imai T, Vuralli D, Platt RF, Nelson MT, Joutel A, Sakadzic S, Ayata C. CADASIL mutations sensitize the brain to ischemia via spreading depolarizations and abnormal extracellular potassium homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:149759. [PMID: 35202003 PMCID: PMC9012276 DOI: 10.1172/jci149759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy, subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic form of small vessel disease characterized by migraine with aura, leukoaraiosis, strokes and dementia. CADASIL mutations cause cerebrovascular dysfunction in both animal models and humans. Here, we show that two different human CADASIL mutations (Notch3 R90C or R169C) worsen ischemic stroke outcomes in transgenic mice, explained by a higher blood flow threshold to maintain tissue viability. Both mutants developed larger infarcts and worse neurological deficits compared with wild type regardless of age or sex after filament middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, full-field laser speckle flowmetry during distal middle cerebral artery occlusion showed comparable perfusion deficits in mutants and their respective wild type controls. Circle of Willis anatomy and pial collateralization also did not differ among the genotypes. In contrast, mutants had a higher cerebral blood flow threshold below which infarction ensued, suggesting increased sensitivity of brain tissue to ischemia. Electrophysiological recordings revealed a 1.5- to 2-fold higher frequency of peri-infarct spreading depolarizations in CADASIL mutants. Higher extracellular K+ elevations during spreading depolarizations in the mutants implicated a defect in extracellular K+ clearance. Altogether, these data reveal a novel mechanism of enhanced vulnerability to ischemic injury linked to abnormal extracellular ion homeostasis and susceptibility to ischemic depolarizations in CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Oka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea, Democratic Peoples Republic of
| | - Izumi Yuzawa
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Daniel von Bornstaedt
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Katharina Eikermann-Haerter
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - David Y Chung
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Homa Sadeghian
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Jessica L Seidel
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Doga Vuralli
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Rosangela Fm Platt
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, United States of America
| | - Anne Joutel
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Sava Sakadzic
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, United States of America
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, United States of America
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7
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Schoemaker D, Arboleda-Velasquez JF. Notch3 Signaling and Aggregation as Targets for the Treatment of CADASIL and Other NOTCH3-Associated Small-Vessel Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1856-1870. [PMID: 33895122 PMCID: PMC8647433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the NOTCH3 gene can lead to small-vessel disease in humans, including the well-characterized cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a condition caused by NOTCH3 mutations altering the number of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of Notch3. Growing evidence indicates that other types of mutations in NOTCH3, including cysteine-sparing missense mutations or frameshift and premature stop codons, can lead to small-vessel disease phenotypes of variable severity or penetrance. There are currently no disease-modifying therapies for small-vessel disease, including those associated with NOTCH3 mutations. A deeper understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and clearly defined targets are needed to promote the development of therapies. This review discusses two key pathophysiological mechanisms believed to contribute to the emergence and progression of small-vessel disease associated with NOTCH3 mutations: abnormal Notch3 aggregation and aberrant Notch3 signaling. This review offers a summary of the literature supporting and challenging the relevance of these mechanisms, together with an overview of available preclinical experiments derived from these mechanisms. It highlights knowledge gaps and future research directions. In view of recent evidence demonstrating the relatively high frequency of NOTCH3 mutations in the population, and their potential role in promoting small-vessel disease, progress in the development of therapies for NOTCH3-associated small-vessel disease is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schoemaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Schepens Eye Research Institute of the Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of the Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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8
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Gravesteijn G, Hack RJ, Mulder AA, Cerfontaine MN, van Doorn R, Hegeman IM, Jost CR, Rutten JW, Lesnik Oberstein SAJ. NOTCH3 variant position is associated with NOTCH3 aggregation load in CADASIL vasculature. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12751. [PMID: 34297860 PMCID: PMC9291091 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aims CADASIL, the most prevalent hereditary cerebral small vessel disease, is caused by cysteine‐altering NOTCH3 variants (NOTCH3cys) leading to vascular NOTCH3 protein aggregation. It has recently been shown that variants located in one of NOTCH3 protein epidermal growth‐factor like repeat (EGFr) domains 1–6, are associated with a more severe phenotype than variants located in one of the EGFr domains 7–34. The underlying mechanism for this genotype–phenotype correlation is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse whether NOTCH3cys variant position is associated with NOTCH3 protein aggregation load. Methods We quantified vascular NOTCH3 aggregation in skin biopsies (n = 25) and brain tissue (n = 7) of CADASIL patients with a NOTCH3cys EGFr 1–6 variant or a EGFr 7–34 variant, using NOTCH3 immunohistochemistry (NOTCH3 score) and ultrastructural analysis of granular osmiophilic material (GOM count). Disease severity was assessed by neuroimaging (lacune count and white matter hyperintensity volume) and disability (modified Rankin scale). Results Patients with NOTCH3cys EGFr 7–34 variants had lower NOTCH3 scores (P = 1.3·10−5) and lower GOM counts (P = 8.2·10−5) than patients with NOTCH3cys EGFr 1–6 variants in skin vessels. A similar trend was observed in brain vasculature. In the EGFr 7–34 group, NOTCH3 aggregation levels were associated with lacune count (P = 0.03) and white matter hyperintensity volume (P = 0.02), but not with disability. Conclusions CADASIL patients with an EGFr 7–34 variant have significantly less vascular NOTCH3 aggregation than patients with an EGFr 1–6 variant. This may be one of the factors underlying the difference in disease severity between NOTCH3cys EGFr 7–34 and EGFr 1–6 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Gravesteijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Hack
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minne N Cerfontaine
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Hegeman
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julie W Rutten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Manini A, Pantoni L. CADASIL from Bench to Bedside: Disease Models and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2558-2573. [PMID: 33464533 PMCID: PMC8128844 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a monogenic disease caused by NOTCH3 mutations and characterized by typical clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological features. NOTCH3 belongs to a family of highly conserved transmembrane receptors rich of epidermal growth factor repeats, mostly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, which perform essential developmental functions and are involved in tissues maintenance and renewal. To date, no therapeutic option for CADASIL is available except for few symptomatic treatments. Novel in vitro and in vivo models are continuously explored with the aim to investigate underlying pathogenic mechanisms and to test novel therapeutic approaches. In this scenario, knock-out, knock-in, and transgenic mice studies have generated a large amount of information on molecular and biological aspects of CADASIL, despite that they incompletely reproduce the human phenotype. Moreover, the field of in vitro models has been revolutionized in the last two decades by the introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology. As a consequence, novel therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy, growth factors administration, and antisense oligonucleotides, are currently under investigation. While waiting that further studies confirm the promising results obtained, the data reviewed suggest that our therapeutic approach to the disease could be transformed, generating new hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Manini
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milano, Italy.
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10
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Gravesteijn G, Dauwerse JG, Overzier M, Brouwer G, Hegeman I, Mulder AA, Baas F, Kruit MC, Terwindt GM, van Duinen SG, Jost CR, Aartsma-Rus A, Lesnik Oberstein SAJ, Rutten JW. Naturally occurring NOTCH3 exon skipping attenuates NOTCH3 protein aggregation and disease severity in CADASIL patients. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1853-1863. [PMID: 31960911 PMCID: PMC7372551 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CADASIL is a vascular protein aggregation disorder caused by cysteine-altering NOTCH3 variants, leading to mid-adult-onset stroke and dementia. Here, we report individuals with a cysteine-altering NOTCH3 variant that induces exon 9 skipping, mimicking therapeutic NOTCH3 cysteine correction. The index came to our attention after a coincidental finding on a commercial screening MRI, revealing white matter hyperintensities. A heterozygous NOTCH3 c.1492G>T, p.Gly498Cys variant, was identified using a gene panel, which was also present in four first- and second-degree relatives. Although some degree of white matter hyperintensities was present on MRI in all family members with the NOTCH3 variant, the CADASIL phenotype was mild, as none had lacunes on MRI and there was no disability or cognitive impairment above the age of 60 years. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing analysis on patient fibroblast RNA revealed that exon 9 was absent from the majority of NOTCH3 transcripts of the mutant allele, effectively excluding the mutation. NOTCH3 aggregation was assessed in skin biopsies using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry and did not show granular osmiophilic material and only very mild NOTCH3 staining. For purposes of therapeutic translatability, we show that, in cell models, exon 9 exclusion can be obtained using antisense-mediated exon skipping and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. In conclusion, this study provides the first in-human evidence that cysteine corrective NOTCH3 exon skipping is associated with less NOTCH3 aggregation and an attenuated phenotype, justifying further therapeutic development of NOTCH3 cysteine correction for CADASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Gravesteijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Dauwerse
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Overzier
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyn Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Hegeman
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C Kruit
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G van Duinen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia A J Lesnik Oberstein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julie W Rutten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Dulamea AO, Lupescu IC, Lupescu IG. First Report of a pCys194Arg Notch 3 Mutation in a Romanian CADASIL Patient with Transient Ischemic Attacks and Patent Foramen Ovale - Case Report and Brief Review. MÆDICA 2019; 14:305-309. [PMID: 31798751 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2019.14.3.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in NOTCH3 gene, characterized by accumulation of a toxic protein in the small and medium size arterioles. Clinical manifestations of CADASIL include lacunar infarcts or, less frequently, large artery ischemic strokes, transient ischemic attacks, dementia, migraine and psychiatric disorders. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) usually shows multiple lacunar infarcts, diffuse leukoencephalopathy and cerebral microbleeds. The authors report the case of a 39-year-old Romanian woman who presented two transient ischemic attacks manifested with aphasia, headache and mild cognitive impairment. Brain MRI showed multiple isolated and confluent bilateral supratentorial hyperintense fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) areas involving the subcortical and deep white matter, but also lenticular and caudate regions and normal aspects of the brain arteries on magnetic resonance angiography (MR-angiography). Differential diagnosis with other disorders affecting small cerebral vessels was performed. Transesophageal echocardiography showed presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO), with right-to-left shunt and contrast passage at Valsalva maneuver. Genetic testing revealed a pCys194Arg heterozygous mutation with C580T>C nucleotide's change on exon 4 of NOTCH 3 gene. The authors discuss the association of CADASIL to PFO and mild cognitive impairment as well as ongoing research for a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioana Gabriela Lupescu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Gravesteijn G, Munting LP, Overzier M, Mulder AA, Hegeman I, Derieppe M, Koster AJ, van Duinen SG, Meijer OC, Aartsma-Rus A, van der Weerd L, Jost CR, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Rutten JW, Lesnik Oberstein SAJ. Progression and Classification of Granular Osmiophilic Material (GOM) Deposits in Functionally Characterized Human NOTCH3 Transgenic Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:517-527. [PMID: 31667734 PMCID: PMC7235067 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CADASIL is a NOTCH3-associated cerebral small vessel disease. A pathological ultrastructural disease hallmark is the presence of NOTCH3-protein containing deposits called granular osmiophilic material (GOM), in small arteries. How these GOM deposits develop over time and what their role is in disease progression is largely unknown. Here, we studied the progression of GOM deposits in humanized transgenic NOTCH3Arg182Cys mice, compared them to GOM deposits in patient material, and determined whether GOM deposits in mice are associated with a functional CADASIL phenotype. We found that GOM deposits are not static, but rather progress in ageing mice, both in terms of size and aspect. We devised a GOM classification system, reflecting size, morphology and electron density. Six-month-old mice showed mostly early stage GOM, whereas older mice and patient vessels showed predominantly advanced stage GOM, but also early stage GOM. Mutant mice did not develop the most severe GOM stage seen in patient material. This absence of end-stage GOM in mice was associated with an overall lack of histological vascular pathology, which may explain why the mice did not reveal functional deficits in cerebral blood flow, cognition and motor function. Taken together, our data indicate that GOM progress over time, and that new GOM deposits are continuously being formed. The GOM staging system we introduce here allows for uniform GOM deposit classification in future mouse and human studies, which may lead to more insight into a potential association between GOM stage and CADASIL disease severity, and the role of GOM in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gido Gravesteijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon P Munting
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Overzier
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Hegeman
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Derieppe
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G van Duinen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julie W Rutten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia A J Lesnik Oberstein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Coupland K, Lendahl U, Karlström H. Role of NOTCH3 Mutations in the Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Stroke 2019; 49:2793-2800. [PMID: 30355220 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Coupland
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (K.C., H.K.), Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (U.L.), Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Karlström
- From the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (K.C., H.K.), Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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de Souza LC, Sgardioli IC, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Vieira TP. A recognizable phenotype related to 19p13.12 microdeletion. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1753-1759. [PMID: 30055032 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Submicroscopic deletions in chromosome 19 have been rarely reported. We reported a male patient presenting with neurodevelopmental delay and facial dysmorphisms with a de novo 19p13.11p13.12 deletion of approximately 1.4 Mb. To date, there are seven cases with deletions overlapping the 19p13.11-p13.12 region described in the literature. A region of 800 kb for branchial arch defects in the proximal region of 19p13.12, and another minimal critical region of 305 kb for hypertrichosis, synophrys, and protruding front teeth have been proposed previously. We suggest that the shortest region of overlap could be refined to an approximately 53 kb region shared within all patients, encompassing part of BRD4 and AKAP8L genes and the AKAP8 gene. Based on the genotype-phenotype correlation of the present case and cases with overlapping deletions described in the literature, it was possible to recognize a consistent phenotype characterized by microcephaly, ear abnormalities, rounded face, synophrys, arched or upwardly angulated eyebrows, short nose, anteverted nares, prominent cheeks, teeth abnormalities, and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiara Cristina de Souza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ilária Cristina Sgardioli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Társis Paiva Vieira
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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15
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Mašek J, Andersson ER. The developmental biology of genetic Notch disorders. Development 2017; 144:1743-1763. [PMID: 28512196 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates a vast array of crucial developmental processes. It is therefore not surprising that mutations in genes encoding Notch receptors or ligands lead to a variety of congenital disorders in humans. For example, loss of function of Notch results in Adams-Oliver syndrome, Alagille syndrome, spondylocostal dysostosis and congenital heart disorders, while Notch gain of function results in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, serpentine fibula polycystic kidney syndrome, infantile myofibromatosis and lateral meningocele syndrome. Furthermore, structure-abrogating mutations in NOTCH3 result in CADASIL. Here, we discuss these human congenital disorders in the context of known roles for Notch signaling during development. Drawing on recent analyses by the exome aggregation consortium (EXAC) and on recent studies of Notch signaling in model organisms, we further highlight additional Notch receptors or ligands that are likely to be involved in human genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mašek
- Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14183, Sweden
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16
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17
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Hainsworth AH, Allan SM, Boltze J, Cunningham C, Farris C, Head E, Ihara M, Isaacs JD, Kalaria RN, Lesnik Oberstein SAMJ, Moss MB, Nitzsche B, Rosenberg GA, Rutten JW, Salkovic-Petrisic M, Troen AM. Translational models for vascular cognitive impairment: a review including larger species. BMC Med 2017; 15:16. [PMID: 28118831 PMCID: PMC5264492 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease models are useful for prospective studies of pathology, identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms, pre-clinical testing of interventions, and validation of clinical biomarkers. Here, we review animal models relevant to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A synopsis of each model was initially presented by expert practitioners. Synopses were refined by the authors, and subsequently by the scientific committee of a recent conference (International Conference on Vascular Dementia 2015). Only peer-reviewed sources were cited. METHODS We included models that mimic VCI-related brain lesions (white matter hypoperfusion injury, focal ischaemia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy) or reproduce VCI risk factors (old age, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, high-salt/high-fat diet) or reproduce genetic causes of VCI (CADASIL-causing Notch3 mutations). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that (1) translational models may reflect a VCI-relevant pathological process, while not fully replicating a human disease spectrum; (2) rodent models of VCI are limited by paucity of white matter; and (3) further translational models, and improved cognitive testing instruments, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atticus H Hainsworth
- Clinical Neurosciences (J-0B) Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. .,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Johannes Boltze
- Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Catriona Cunningham
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chad Farris
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeremy D Isaacs
- Clinical Neurosciences (J-0B) Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.,Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Mark B Moss
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Björn Nitzsche
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gary A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julie W Rutten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aron M Troen
- Institute of Biochemistry Food and Nutrition Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Madigan JB, Wilcock DM, Hainsworth AH. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Topical Review of Animal Models. Stroke 2016; 47:1953-9. [PMID: 27301939 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.012066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Madigan
- From the Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); Neuroradiology Department, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M.); Atkinson Morley Neurosciences, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.M.W.)
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- From the Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); Neuroradiology Department, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M.); Atkinson Morley Neurosciences, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.M.W.)
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- From the Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); Neuroradiology Department, St George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M.); Atkinson Morley Neurosciences, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.B.M., A.H.H.); and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington (D.M.W.).
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19
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Blood biomarkers in a mouse model of CADASIL. Brain Res 2016; 1644:118-26. [PMID: 27174004 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in NOTCH 3 are the cause of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a neurological disorder characterized by stroke, and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and accumulation of granular osmiophilic material (GOM) deposits are hallmarks of CADASIL. There are no therapies for CADASIL and experimental endpoints to examine the preclinical efficacy of potential drugs are lacking. This study aims to use a mouse carrying the C455R mutation in Notch 3 to identify biomarkers associated with CADASIL. Mass spectrometry and antibody arrays were used to explore the aorta and blood proteomes of CADASIL mice, ELISA assays were utilized for biomarker validation, a ligand-dependent assay was applied to examine the relationship between Notch signaling and biomarker expression, and retinal histology was performed for quantification of VSMC loss in arteries. Two-hundred day-old mice with the C455R CADASIL mutation in Notch 3 mice display robust VSMC loss in retinal arteries and had increased plasma levels of collagen18α1/endostatin (col18α1) and high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) and reduced levels of Notch 3 extracellular domain (N3ECD), compared to control wild type mice. Measurements of plasma endostatin, HTRA1 and N3ECD, along with VSMC quantification in retinal arteries, may serve as surrogate endpoints for assessing efficacy in preclinical therapeutic studies of CADASIL using mice.
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