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Delfino G, Briand JB, Oullier T, Nienkemper L, Greig J, Véziers J, Neunlist M, Derkinderen P, Paillusson S. Characterization of mitochondria-associated ER membranes in the enteric nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G330-G343. [PMID: 38226933 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00224.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria associations and in mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) behavior have been reported in the brain in several neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the emerging role of the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative disorders, the biology of MAM in the enteric nervous system (ENS) has not previously been studied. Therefore, we set out to characterize the MAM in the distal colon of wild-type C57BL/6J mice and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8), a mouse model of age-related neurodegeneration. We showed for the first time that MAMs are widely present in enteric neurons and that their association is altered in SAMP8 mice. We then examined the functions of MAMs in a primary culture model of enteric neurons and showed that calcium homeostasis was altered in SAMP8 mice when compared with control animals. These findings provide the first detailed characterization of MAMs in the ENS under physiological conditions and during age-associated neurodegeneration. Further investigation of MAM modifications in the ENS in disease may provide valuable information about the possible role of enteric MAMs in neurodegenerative diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work shows for the first time the presence of contacts between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in the enteric neurons and that the dynamic of these contacts is affected in these cells from an age-related neurodegeneration mouse model. It provides new insights into the potential role of enteric mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Delfino
- Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Baptiste Briand
- Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Thibauld Oullier
- Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Léa Nienkemper
- Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Jenny Greig
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, Nantes, France
| | - Joëlle Véziers
- INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Nantes Université, Oniris, Univ Angers, RMeS, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Paillusson
- Nantes Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France
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2
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Arnst N, Redolfi N, Lia A, Bedetta M, Greotti E, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signaling and Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3025. [PMID: 36551781 PMCID: PMC9775979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative illness defined by the gradual and cumulative loss of neurons in specific brain areas. The processes that cause AD are still under investigation and there are no available therapies to halt it. Current progress puts at the forefront the "calcium (Ca2+) hypothesis" as a key AD pathogenic pathway, impacting neuronal, astrocyte and microglial function. In this review, we focused on mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in AD, their causes and bioenergetic consequences in neuronal and glial cells, summarizing the possible mechanisms linking detrimental mitochondrial Ca2+ signals to neuronal death in different experimental AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Arnst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Bedetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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3
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Eide PK, Hansson HA. A New Perspective on the Pathophysiology of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Role of the Glia-Neuro-Vascular Interface. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:900057. [PMID: 35903170 PMCID: PMC9315230 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.900057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disease characterized by symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause. Most attention has been given to the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disturbance and intracranial venous hypertension caused by sinus vein stenosis. We previously proposed that key pathophysiological processes take place within the brain at the glia-neuro-vascular interface. However, the relative importance of the proposed mechanisms in IIH disease remains unknown. Modern treatment regimens aim to reduce intracranial CSF and venous pressures, but a substantial proportion of patients experience lasting complaints. In 2010, the first author established a database for the prospective collection of information from individuals being assessed for IIH. The database incorporates clinical, imaging, physiological, and biological data, and information about treatment/outcome. This study retrieved information from the database, asking the following research questions: In IIH subjects responding to shunt surgery, what is the occurrence of signs of CSF disturbance, sinus vein stenosis, intracranial hypertension, and microscopic evidence of structural abnormalities at the glia-neuro-vascular interface? Secondarily, do semi-quantitative measures of abnormal ultrastructure at the glia-neurovascular differ between subjects with definite IIH and non-IIH (reference) subjects? The study included 13 patients with IIH who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria and who improved following shunt surgery, i.e., patients with definite IIH. Comparisons were done regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, pulsatile and static ICP scores, and immune-histochemistry microscopy. Among these 13 IIH subjects, 6/13 (46%) of patients presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of CSF disturbance (empty sella and/or distended perioptic subarachnoid spaces), 0/13 (0%) of patients with IIH had MRI signs of sinus vein stenosis, 13/13 (100%) of patients with IIH presented with abnormal preoperative pulsatile ICP [overnight mean ICP wave amplitude (MWA) above thresholds], 3/13 (23%) patients showed abnormal static ICP (overnight mean ICP above threshold), and 12/13 (92%) of patients with IIH showed abnormal structural changes at the glia-neuro-vascular interface. Comparisons of semi-quantitative structural variables between IIH and aged- and gender-matched reference (REF) subjects showed IIH abnormalities in glial cells, neurons, and capillaries. The present data suggest a key role of disease processes affecting the glia-neuro-vascular interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Per Kristian Eide
| | - Hans-Arne Hansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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4
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Proulx J, Stacy S, Park IW, Borgmann K. A Non-Canonical Role for IRE1α Links ER and Mitochondria as Key Regulators of Astrocyte Dysfunction: Implications in Methamphetamine use and HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:906651. [PMID: 35784841 PMCID: PMC9247407 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.906651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are one of the most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and provide essential support to neurons to ensure CNS health and function. During a neuropathological challenge, such as during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection or (METH)amphetamine exposure, astrocytes shift their neuroprotective functions and can become neurotoxic. Identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying astrocyte dysfunction are of heightened importance to optimize the coupling between astrocytes and neurons and ensure neuronal fitness against CNS pathology, including HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and METH use disorder. Mitochondria are essential organelles for regulating metabolic, antioxidant, and inflammatory profiles. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated signaling pathways, such as calcium and the unfolded protein response (UPR), are important messengers for cellular fate and function, including inflammation and mitochondrial homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports that the three arms of the UPR are involved in the direct contact and communication between ER and mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). The current study investigated the effects of HIV-1 infection and chronic METH exposure on astrocyte ER and mitochondrial homeostasis and then examined the three UPR messengers as potential regulators of astrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction. Using primary human astrocytes infected with pseudotyped HIV-1 or exposed to low doses of METH for 7 days, astrocytes had increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), cytosolic calcium flux and protein expression of UPR mediators. Notably, inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) was most prominently upregulated following both HIV-1 infection and chronic METH exposure. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of the three UPR arms highlighted IRE1α as a key regulator of astrocyte metabolic function. To further explore the regulatory role of astrocyte IRE1α, astrocytes were transfected with an IRE1α overexpression vector followed by activation with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β. Overall, our findings confirm IRE1α modulates astrocyte mitochondrial respiration, glycolytic function, morphological activation, inflammation, and glutamate uptake, highlighting a novel potential target for regulating astrocyte dysfunction. Finally, these findings suggest both canonical and non-canonical UPR mechanisms of astrocyte IRE1α. Thus, additional studies are needed to determine how to best balance astrocyte IRE1α functions to both promote astrocyte neuroprotective properties while preventing neurotoxic properties during CNS pathologies.
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5
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Ouyang M, Zhang Q, Shu J, Wang Z, Fan J, Yu K, Lei L, Li Y, Wang Q. Capsaicin Ameliorates the Loosening of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes and Improves Cognitive Function in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:822702. [PMID: 35370565 PMCID: PMC8968035 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.822702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on accumulating evidence, vascular factors contribute to cognitive decline and dementia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the core pathophysiological mechanism. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are subcellular structures that physically and biologically connect mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulate multiple functions ranging from calcium transfer to mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. MAMs dysfunction has been speculated to be a key factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders and a new therapeutic target. However, the alteration of MAMs in vascular cognitive impairment remains to be revealed. Capsaicin, a specific agonist known to activated the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory, but the detailed mechanism is still unclear. In this study, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model rats were created by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), which is a widely used model to study vascular dementia. We observed that CCH rats showed obvious cognitive deficits, and ER-mitochondria contacts were loosener with lower expression of mitofusin2 (MFN2), a key protein connecting MAMs, in the hippocampal CA1 region, compared to the sham group. After capsaicin treatment for 12 weeks, we found that cognitive deficits induced by CCH were significantly alleviated and loosened ER-mitochondrial interactions were obviously improved. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight that MAMs may contribute to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment induced by CCH, and our new evidence that capsaicin improves cognitive function highlights a novel opportunity for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Gaoping District People’s Hospital of Nanchong, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiahui Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu BOE Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu BOE Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsong Wang,
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6
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Markovinovic A, Greig J, Martín-Guerrero SM, Salam S, Paillusson S. Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria signaling in neurons and neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274270. [PMID: 35129196 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have revealed common pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with related frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). Many of these changes can be linked to alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria signaling, including dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling, autophagy, lipid metabolism, ATP production, axonal transport, ER stress responses and synaptic dysfunction. ER-mitochondria signaling involves specialized regions of ER, called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Owing to their role in neurodegenerative processes, MAMs have gained attention as they appear to be associated with all the major neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, their specific role within neuronal maintenance is being revealed as mutant genes linked to major neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with damage to these specialized contacts. Several studies have now demonstrated that these specialized contacts regulate neuronal health and synaptic transmission, and that MAMs are damaged in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. This Review will focus on the role of MAMs and ER-mitochondria signaling within neurons and how damage of the ER-mitochondria axis leads to a disruption of vital processes causing eventual neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Jenny Greig
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra María Martín-Guerrero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Shaakir Salam
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Sebastien Paillusson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035, Nantes, France
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7
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Abstract
Our cells are comprised of billions of proteins, lipids, and other small molecules packed into their respective subcellular organelles, with the daunting task of maintaining cellular homeostasis over a lifetime. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that organelles do not act as autonomous discrete units but rather as interconnected hubs that engage in extensive communication through membrane contacts. In the last few years, our understanding of how these contacts coordinate organelle function has redefined our view of the cell. This review aims to present novel findings on the cellular interorganelle communication network and how its dysfunction may contribute to aging and neurodegeneration. The consequences of disturbed interorganellar communication are intimately linked with age-related pathologies. Given that both aging and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the concomitant failure of multiple cellular pathways, coordination of organelle communication and function could represent an emerging regulatory mechanism critical for long-term cellular homeostasis. We anticipate that defining the relationships between interorganelle communication, aging, and neurodegeneration will open new avenues for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Petkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Caitlin E O'Brien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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8
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Naia L, Ly P, Mota SI, Lopes C, Maranga C, Coelho P, Gershoni-Emek N, Ankarcrona M, Geva M, Hayden MR, Rego AC. The Sigma-1 Receptor Mediates Pridopidine Rescue of Mitochondrial Function in Huntington Disease Models. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1017-1038. [PMID: 33797036 PMCID: PMC8423985 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pridopidine is a selective Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist in clinical development for Huntington disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. S1R is a chaperone protein localized in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, a signaling platform that regulates Ca2+ signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial fission. Here, we investigate the protective effects of pridopidine on various mitochondrial functions in human and mouse HD models. Pridopidine effects on mitochondrial dynamics were assessed in primary neurons from YAC128 HD mice expressing the mutant human HTT gene. We observe that pridopidine prevents the disruption of mitochondria-ER contact sites and improves the co-localization of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and its chaperone S1R with mitochondria in YAC128 neurons, leading to increased mitochondrial activity, elongation, and motility. Increased mitochondrial respiration is also observed in YAC128 neurons and in pridopidine-treated HD human neural stem cells (hNSCs). ROS levels were assessed after oxidative insult or S1R knockdown in pridopidine-treated YAC128 neurons, HD hNSCs, and human HD lymphoblasts. All HD models show increased ROS levels and deficient antioxidant response, which are efficiently rescued with pridopidine. Importantly, pridopidine treatment before H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and S1R presence are required for HD cytoprotection. YAC128 mice treated at early/pre-symptomatic age with pridopidine show significant improvement in motor coordination, indicating a delay in symptom onset. Additionally, in vivo pridopidine treatment reduces mitochondrial ROS levels by normalizing mitochondrial complex activity. In conclusion, S1R-mediated enhancement of mitochondrial function contributes to the neuroprotective effects of pridopidine, providing insight into its mechanism of action and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Ly
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra I Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina Maranga
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Coelho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael R Hayden
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Prilenia Therapeutics LTD, Herzliya, Israel
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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9
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Leal NS, Martins LM. Mind the Gap: Mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020227. [PMID: 33672391 PMCID: PMC7926795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The way organelles are viewed by cell biologists is quickly changing. For many years, these cellular entities were thought to be unique and singular structures that performed specific roles. However, in recent decades, researchers have discovered that organelles are dynamic and form physical contacts. In addition, organelle interactions modulate several vital biological functions, and the dysregulation of these contacts is involved in cell dysfunction and different pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCS) are among the most extensively studied and understood juxtapositioned interorganelle structures. In this review, we summarise the major biological and ultrastructural dysfunctions of MERCS in neurodegeneration, with a particular focus on Alzheimer’s disease as well as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We also propose an updated version of the MERCS hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease based on new findings. Finally, we discuss the possibility of MERCS being used as possible drug targets to halt cell death and neurodegeneration.
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10
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Kambara A, Kajimoto Y, Yagi R, Ikeda N, Furuse M, Nonoguchi N, Kawabata S, Kuroiwa T, Kuroda K, Tsuji S, Saura R, Wanibuchi M. Long-Term Prognosis of Cognitive Function in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus After Shunt Surgery. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:617150. [PMID: 33551791 PMCID: PMC7854532 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.617150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term prognosis of cognitive function in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the long-term prognosis of cognitive function in patients with iNPH, as well as the factors related to it. It included 48 patients with iNPH who were treated with cerebrospinal fluid shunting between January 2015 and December 2017 at Osaka Medical College Hospital, with follow-up evaluation of their cognitive function for >2 years. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) preoperatively and at 3 months, 1 and 2 years post-operatively. The mean MMSE score (22.4 ± 5.4 preoperatively) improved at 3 months [23.8 ± 5.0 (p = 0.0002)] and 1 year [23.7 ± 4.8 (p = 0.004)] post-operatively. At 2 years post-operatively, they were able to maintain their preoperative level (22.6 ± 5.3). The patients were classified in to the cognitive decline group [11 (23%) patients; a decrease in the MMSE score by ≥ 2 points 2 years after surgery] and the maintenance/improvement group [37 (77%) patients]. Univariate and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed for the two groups to identify factors associated with cognitive prognosis. In both groups, the patients who were younger (p = 0.009) or had milder symptoms (p = 0.035) had a better long-term prognosis of cognitive function. The cutoffs for age and disease severity (idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus grading scale; INPHGS) were 78 years (area under the curve = 0.77) and 5 points (area under the curve = 0.71), respectively. In conclusion, most patients (77%) were able to improve and maintain cognitive function for at least 2 years after surgery. The fact that disease severity and age are associated with cognitive prognosis suggests that early iNPH intervention is desirable to improve cognitive prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kambara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | - Ryokichi Yagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Naokado Ikeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Motomasa Furuse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuroiwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tesseikai Neurosurgery Hospital, Shijonawate, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuji
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Saura
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
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11
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Tan C, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang C, Tang Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xiao G. The Pathogenesis Based on the Glymphatic System, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:139-153. [PMID: 33488070 PMCID: PMC7815082 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s290709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a rare neurological disorder with no clear prevalence factors and is a significant danger to the elderly. The intracranial glymphatic system is the internal environment that maintains brain survival and metabolism, and thus fluid exchange changes in the glymphatic system under various pathological conditions can provide important insights into the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of many neurodegenerative diseases such as iNPH. iNPH can be diagnosed using a combination of clinical symptoms, imaging findings and history, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers due to the glymphatic system disorder. However, only few researchers have linked the two. Shunt surgery can improve the glymphatic system disorders in iNPH patients, and the surgical approach is determined using a combination of clinical diagnosis and trials. Therefore, we have composed this review to provide a future opportunity for elucidating the pathogenesis of iNPH based on the glymphatic system, and link the glymphatic system to the diagnosis and treatment of iNPH. The review will provide new insights into the medical research of iNPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Pediatric Neurological Disease Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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12
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Leal NS, Dentoni G, Schreiner B, Naia L, Piras A, Graff C, Cattaneo A, Meli G, Hamasaki M, Nilsson P, Ankarcrona M. Amyloid Β-Peptide Increases Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Altering Mitochondrial Function and Autophagosome Formation in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122552. [PMID: 33260715 PMCID: PMC7760163 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that the connectivity and crosstalk between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS) are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in AD-related models. MERCS have been related to the initial steps of autophagosome formation as well as regulation of mitochondrial function. Here, the interplay between MERCS, mitochondria ultrastructure and function and autophagy were evaluated in different AD animal models with increased levels of Aβ as well as in primary neurons derived from these animals. We start by showing that the levels of Mitofusin 1, Mitofusin 2 and mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 are decreased in post-mortem brain tissue derived from familial AD. We also show that Aβ increases the juxtaposition between ER and mitochondria both in adult brain of different AD mouse models as well as in primary cultures derived from these animals. In addition, the connectivity between ER and mitochondria are also increased in wild-type neurons exposed to Aβ. This alteration in MERCS affects autophagosome formation, mitochondrial function and ATP formation during starvation. Interestingly, the increment in ER-mitochondria connectivity occurs simultaneously with an increase in mitochondrial activity and is followed by upregulation of autophagosome formation in a clear chronological sequence of events. In summary, we report that Aβ can affect cell homeostasis by modulating MERCS and, consequently, altering mitochondrial activity and autophagosome formation. Our data suggests that MERCS is a potential target for drug discovery in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Santos Leal
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.L.); (M.A.); Tel.: +44-122-333-4390 (N.S.L.); +46-852-483-577 (M.A.)
| | - Giacomo Dentoni
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Bernadette Schreiner
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Luana Naia
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Antonio Piras
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Antonio Cattaneo
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Meli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Roma, Italy; (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Per Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, Visionsgatan 4, 171 64 Solna, Sweden; (G.D.); (B.S.); (L.N.); (A.P.); (C.G.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.L.); (M.A.); Tel.: +44-122-333-4390 (N.S.L.); +46-852-483-577 (M.A.)
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13
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Eide PK, Hasan-Olive MM, Hansson HA, Enger R. Increased occurrence of pathological mitochondria in astrocytic perivascular endfoot processes and neurons of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:467-480. [PMID: 33105056 PMCID: PMC7821105 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) primarily affects fertile, overweight women, and presents with the symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. The etiology is unknown but has been thought to relate to cerebrospinal fluid disturbance or cerebral venous stenosis. We have previously found evidence that IIH is also a disease of the brain parenchyma, evidenced by alterations at the neurogliovascular interface, including astrogliosis, pathological changes in the basement membrane and pericytes, and alterations of perivascular aquaporin‐4. The aim of this present electron microscopic study was to examine whether mitochondria phenotype was changed in IIH, particularly focusing on perivascular astrocytic endfeet and neurons (soma and pre‐ and postsynaptic terminals). Cortical brain biopsies of nine reference individuals and eight IIH patients were analyzed for subcellular distribution and phenotypical features of mitochondria using transmission electron microscopy. We found significantly increased prevalence of pathological mitochondria and reduced number of normal mitochondria in astrocytic endfeet of IIH patients. The degree of astrogliosis correlated negatively with the number of normal mitochondria in astrocytic endfoot processes. Moreover, we found significantly increased number of pathological mitochondria in pre‐ and postsynaptic neuronal terminals, as well as significantly shortened distance between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum contacts. Finally, the length of postsynaptic density, a marker of synaptic strength, was on average reduced in IIH. The present data provide evidence of pathological mitochondria in perivascular astrocytes endfeet and neurons of IIH patients, highlighting that impaired metabolism at the neurogliovascular interface may be a facet of IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Arne Hansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rune Enger
- GliaLab and Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy and Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Liao Y, Dong Y, Cheng J. The Molecular Determinants of Mitochondrial Membrane Contact With ER, Lysosomes and Peroxisomes in Neuronal Physiology and Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:194. [PMID: 32848610 PMCID: PMC7427582 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane tethering is an important communication method for membrane-packaged organelles. Mitochondria are organelles with a bilayer membrane, and the membrane contact between mitochondria and other organelles is indispensable for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Increased levels of molecular determinants that mediate the membrane contact between mitochondria and other organelles, and their functions, have been revealed in recent years. In this review article, we aim to summarize the findings on the tethering between mitochondria and other organelles in physiological or pathological conditions, and discuss their roles in cellular homeostasis, neural activity, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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15
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Lau DHW, Paillusson S, Hartopp N, Rupawala H, Mórotz GM, Gomez-Suaga P, Greig J, Troakes C, Noble W, Miller CCJ. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering proteins in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105020. [PMID: 32682953 PMCID: PMC7794060 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria regulates a number of key neuronal functions, many of which are perturbed in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, damage to ER-mitochondria signaling is seen in cell and transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease. However, as yet there is little evidence that ER-mitochondria signaling is altered in human Alzheimer's disease brains. ER-mitochondria signaling is mediated by interactions between the integral ER protein VAPB and the outer mitochondrial membrane protein PTPIP51 which act to recruit and “tether” regions of ER to the mitochondrial surface. The VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers are now known to regulate a number of ER-mitochondria signaling functions including delivery of Ca2+from ER stores to mitochondria, mitochondrial ATP production, autophagy and synaptic activity. Here we investigate the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers in post-mortem control and Alzheimer's disease brains. Quantification of ER-mitochondria signaling proteins by immunoblotting revealed loss of VAPB and PTPIP51 in cortex but not cerebellum at end-stage Alzheimer's disease. Proximity ligation assays were used to quantify the VAPB-PTPIP51 interaction in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cell neurons in control, Braak stage III-IV (early/mid-dementia) and Braak stage VI (severe dementia) cases. Pyramidal neurons degenerate in Alzheimer's disease whereas Purkinje cells are less affected. These studies revealed that the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers are disrupted in Braak stage III-IV pyramidal but not Purkinje cell neurons. Thus, we identify a new pathogenic event in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brains. The implications of our findings for Alzheimer's disease mechanisms are discussed. VAPB, PTPIP51 and IP3R1 levels are reduced in temporal cortex in late-stage Alzheimer's disease Proximity ligation assays reveal that the VAPB-PTPIP51 interaction is disrupted in temporal cortex pyramidal neurons in early (Braak stage III-IV) Alzheimer's disease We identify damage to the VAPB-PTPIP51 ER-mitochondria tethers as a new pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s disease. Disruption of the VAPB-PTPIP51 tethers may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer’s disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn H W Lau
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Sebastien Paillusson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Naomi Hartopp
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Huzefa Rupawala
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Gábor M Mórotz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Patricia Gomez-Suaga
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Jenny Greig
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Christopher C J Miller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.
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16
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Kandlur A, Satyamoorthy K, Gangadharan G. Oxidative Stress in Cognitive and Epigenetic Aging: A Retrospective Glance. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:41. [PMID: 32256315 PMCID: PMC7093495 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is the critical and common factor among several neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. Cellular, biochemical and molecular studies have shown intimate links between oxidative stress and cognitive dysfunction during aging and age-associated neuronal diseases. Brain aging is accompanied by oxidative damage of nuclear as well as mitochondrial DNA, and diminished repair. Recent studies have reported epigenetic alterations during aging of the brain which involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulates various systems through distinct mechanisms. However, there are studies which depict differing roles of reactive oxidant species as a major factor during aging. In this review, we describe the evidence to show how oxidative stress is intricately linked to age-associated cognitive decline. The review will primarily focus on implications of age-associated oxidative damage on learning and memory, and the cellular events, with special emphasis on associated epigenetic machinery. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms may provide a perspective on the development of potential therapeutic targets within the oxidative system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gireesh Gangadharan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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17
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Hasan-Olive MM, Enger R, Hansson HA, Nagelhus EA, Eide PK. Pathological mitochondria in neurons and perivascular astrocytic endfeet of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. Fluids Barriers CNS 2019; 16:39. [PMID: 31849332 PMCID: PMC6918585 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau (HPτ) in the brain of patients with the dementia subtype idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is associated with delayed extravascular clearance of metabolic waste. Whether also clearance of intracellular debris is affected in these patients needs to be examined. Hypothetically, defective extra- and intra-cellular clearance of metabolites may be instrumental in the neurodegeneration and dementia characterizing iNPH. This study explores whether iNPH is associated with altered mitochondria phenotype in neurons and astrocytes. METHODS Cortical brain biopsies of 9 reference (REF) individuals and 30 iNPH patients were analyzed for subcellular distribution and morphology of mitochondria using transmission electron microscopy. In neuronal soma of REF and iNPH patients, we identified normal, pathological and clustered mitochondria, mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites and autophagic vacuoles. We also differentiated normal and pathological mitochondria in pre- and post-synaptic nerve terminals, as well as in astrocytic endfoot processes towards vessels. RESULTS We found a high prevalence of pathological mitochondria in neuronal soma and pre- and post-synaptic terminals, as well as increased mitochondrial clustering, and altered number of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites in iNPH. Non-fused autophagic vacuoles were more abundant in neuronal soma of iNPH patients, suggestive of cellular clearance failure. Moreover, the length of postsynaptic densities was reduced in iNPH, potentially related to reduced synaptic activity. In astrocytic endfoot processes, we also found increased number, area and area fraction of pathological mitochondria in iNPH patients. The proportion of pathological mitochondria correlated significantly with increasing degree of astrogliosis and reduced perivascular expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), assessed by light microscopy immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence of mitochondrial pathology and signs of impaired cellular clearance in iNPH patients. The results indicate that iNPH is a neurodegenerative disease with close similarity to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Enger
- GliaLab and Letten Centre, Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Arne Hansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erlend A Nagelhus
- GliaLab and Letten Centre, Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Martino Adami PV, Nichtová Z, Weaver DB, Bartok A, Wisniewski T, Jones DR, Do Carmo S, Castaño EM, Cuello AC, Hajnóczky G, Morelli L. Perturbed mitochondria-ER contacts in live neurons that model the amyloid pathology of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229906. [PMID: 31515277 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of fixed fibroblasts from familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients has previously indicated an upregulation of mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) as a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Despite its potential significance, the relevance of these results is limited because they were not extended to live neurons. Here we performed a dynamic in vivo analysis of MERCs in hippocampal neurons from McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats, a model of Alzheimer's disease-like amyloid pathology. Live FRET imaging of neurons from transgenic rats revealed perturbed 'lipid-MERCs' (gap width <10 nm), while 'Ca2+-MERCs' (10-20 nm gap width) were unchanged. In situ TEM showed no significant differences in the lipid-MERCs:total MERCs or lipid-MERCs:mitochondria ratios; however, the average length of lipid-MERCs was significantly decreased in neurons from transgenic rats as compared to controls. In accordance with FRET results, untargeted lipidomics showed significant decreases in levels of 12 lipids and bioenergetic analysis revealed respiratory dysfunction of mitochondria from transgenic rats. Thus, our results reveal changes in MERC structures coupled with impaired mitochondrial functions in Alzheimer's disease-related neurons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Zuzana Nichtová
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David B Weaver
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam Bartok
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- NYU School of Medicine, Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory at NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Eduardo M Castaño
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Sele M, Wernitznig S, Lipovšek S, Radulović S, Haybaeck J, Birkl-Toeglhofer AM, Wodlej C, Kleinegger F, Sygulla S, Leoni M, Ropele S, Leitinger G. Optimization of ultrastructural preservation of human brain for transmission electron microscopy after long post-mortem intervals. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:144. [PMID: 31481118 PMCID: PMC6724377 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) provides the necessary resolution to visualize the finer structures of nervous tissue morphology, which is important to understand healthy and pathological conditions in the brain. However, for the interpretation of the micrographs the tissue preservation is crucial. The quality of the tissue structure is mostly influenced by the post mortem interval (PMI), the time of death until the preservation of the tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize the preparation-procedure for the human frontal lobe to preserve the ultrastructure as well as possible despite the long PMIs. Combining chemical pre- and post-fixation with cryo-fixation and cryo-substitution ("hybrid freezing"), it was possible to improve the preservation of the neuronal profiles of human brain samples compared to the "standard" epoxy resin embedding method. In conclusion short PMIs are generally desirable but up to a PMI of 16 h the ultrastructure can be preserved on an acceptable level with a high contrast using the "hybrid freezing" protocol described here.
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