1
|
Hwang SJ, Seo J, Cha JY, Shin H, Kim GS, Cho YM, Hua Z, Youn HS, Seo CH, Joo SY, Cho YS. Utility of customized 3D compression mask with pressure sensors on facial burn scars: A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Burns 2024; 50:1885-1897. [PMID: 38937166 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A pressure of approximately 15-25 mmHg is used for effective compression therapy to prevent and treat hypertrophic scar formation in patients with burns. However, conventional facial compression garments present challenges owing to inadequate pressure distribution in curved areas such as the cheeks, around the mouth, and the slope of the nose. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of a custom-made 3D compression mask equipped with pressure sensors to treat facial burn scars. METHODS This single-blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted between May and October 2023, involving 48 burn scars in 12 inpatients with facial burns. We created the custom-made 3D compression mask equipped with pressure sensors, inner lined with biocompatible silicon, and a harness system using 3D printing technology, which can continuously monitor whether an appropriate pressure of 15-25 mmHg maintains. The biological scar properties, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) scores in patients with facial burns were assessed before applying the compression mask and garment and at 4 and 12 weeks after application. RESULTS Pre-application assessment of biological scar properties, VSS, and POSAS revealed no statistically significant differences between the 3D mask and control groups (p > 0.05 for all). Throughout the 12-week application, skin hydration and scar thickness significantly increased (p < 0.001) and reduced (p = 0.010), respectively, in the 3D mask group compared to the control group. Additionally, significant improvements in scar pliability (p = 0.004) and height (p = 0.009) of VSS, itching (p = 0.047), scar stiffness (p = 0.001), thickness (p = 0.011), and irregularity (p < 0.001) of POSAS-patient component, and scar thickness (p = 0.001), pliability (p = 0.012), and surface area (p = 0.027) of the POSAS-observer component were observed in 3D mask group throughout the 12-week application compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The customized 3D compression mask equipped with pressure sensors significantly improved scar thickness, skin hydration, and various assessment scale parameters throughout the 12-week application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jin Hwang
- COMWEL Korea Orthopedics & Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Incheon 21417, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Cha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Shin
- COMWEL Korea Orthopedics & Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Incheon 21417, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Seok Kim
- COMWEL Korea Orthopedics & Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, Incheon 21417, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- T&L Co., Ltd., 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Zheng Hua
- T&L Co., Ltd., 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Soon Youn
- T&L Co., Ltd., 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong Hoon Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07247, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng W, Xu W, Zhou X, Li H, Li P, Xu Q. Application of 3D Transparent Facemasks in Long-Term Outpatient Rehabilitation of Facial Scars After Burns: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Improved Appearance of Target Scars With Different Healing Time. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:1355-1364. [PMID: 37387307 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe facial burns may cause scarring problems and affect living quality of patients. With the advent of 3D facemasks, it is being used to treat facial scars; however, its efficacy must be confirmed by adequate studies. A retrospective analysis of 26 patients who visited rehabilitation outpatient clinic from 2017 to 2022. Patients were separated into two groups based on the time to healing (TTH) following burn injury: early healing group (TTH ≤ 21 days) and late healing group (TTH > 21 days). To compare treatment outcomes and differences between the two groups, 3D facemask application was assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), patient satisfaction, and complications. In both groups, there were significant improvements in the total VSS scores (P < .01) and each VSS subscore (P < .01). These scar characteristics improved over time as the treatment progressed. Compared with the late healing group, the early healing group had more obvious effects on improving scar pigmentation (P < .05) and vascularity (P < .05) at similar assessment time points after burns. At the last assessment, there was a significant difference in total VSS scores between groups (P = .009). For the early and late healing groups, respectively, the mean gradient value (SE) of the total VSS scores was 1.550 (0.373) and 1.283 (0.224) over the course of the treatment periods. 3D facemasks are effective in the rehabilitation of facial scars caused by burns, which should be used for prevention and treatment in the initial stages of scar development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Zheng
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Wanting Xu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| | - Qinglian Xu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kamath AA, Kamath MJ, Ekici S, Stans AS, Colby CE, Matsumoto JM, Wylam ME. Workflow to develop 3D designed personalized neonatal CPAP masks using iPhone structured light facial scanning. 3D Print Med 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35913689 PMCID: PMC9341126 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-022-00155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a common mode of respiratory support used in neonatal intensive care units. In preterm infants, nasal CPAP (nCPAP) therapy is often delivered via soft, biocompatible nasal mask suitable for long-term direct skin contact and held firmly against the face. Limited sizes of nCPAP mask contribute to mal-fitting related complications and adverse outcomes in this fragile population. We hypothesized that custom-fit nCPAP masks will improve the fit with less skin pressure and strap tension improving efficacy and reducing complications associated with nCPAP therapy in neonates. Methods After IRB approval and informed consent, we evaluated several methods to develop 3D facial models to test custom 3D nCPAP masks. These methods included camera-based photogrammetry, laser scanning and structured light scanning using a Bellus3D Face Camera Pro and iPhone X running either Bellus3D FaceApp for iPhone, or Heges application. This data was used to provide accurate 3D neonatal facial models. Using CAD software nCPAP inserts were designed to be placed between proprietary nCPAP mask and the model infant’s face. The resulted 3D designed nCPAP mask was form fitted to the model face. Subsequently, nCPAP masks were connected to a ventilator to provide CPAP and calibrated pressure sensors and co-linear tension sensors were placed to measures skin pressure and nCPAP mask strap tension. Results Photogrammetry and laser scanning were not suited to the neonatal face. However, structured light scanning techniques produced accurate 3D neonatal facial models. Individualized nCPAP mask inserts manufactured using 3D printed molds and silicon injection were effective at decreasing surface pressure and mask strap pressure in some cases by more than 50% compared to CPAP masks without inserts. Conclusions We found that readily available structured light scanning devices such as the iPhone X are a low cost, safe, rapid, and accurate tool to develop accurate models of preterm infant facial topography. Structured light scanning developed 3D nCPAP inserts applied to commercially available CPAP masks significantly reduced skin pressure and strap tension at clinically relevant CPAP pressures when utilized on model neonatal faces. This workflow maybe useful at producing individualized nCPAP masks for neonates reducing complications due to misfit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amika A Kamath
- Departments of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Axil School of Medicine, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Marielle J Kamath
- Departments of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Axil School of Medicine, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Selin Ekici
- Departments of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Axil School of Medicine, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Anna Sofia Stans
- Departments of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Axil School of Medicine, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christopher E Colby
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Mayo Clinic Axil School of Medicine, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jane M Matsumoto
- Departments of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Axil School of Medicine, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mark E Wylam
- Divisions of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Axil School of Medicine, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|