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Rogerio V, Rabelo V, Roschel P, Sakemi T, Germani M, Munoz-Lora VR. A novel approach for deoxycholic acid administration to treat submental fullness: A case report assessed by 3D stereophotogrammetry. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:280-283. [PMID: 38586285 PMCID: PMC10998212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While effective, DAc injections for submental fat (SMF) reduction carry risks, including vascular damage and skin necrosis when improperly administered. This study presents a novel approach to SMF reduction using blunt microcannulas for DAc injections, coupled with 3D stereophotogrammetry quantification (3D-SQ). Clinical presentation A 47-year-old female with SMF underwent two DAc applications. 3D-SQ was performed before and after each treatment using a 3D-SQ system. The patient experienced a substantial total volume reduction of 14.81 mL in the submental area after two DAc applications. 3D-SQ analysis showed a gradual reduction in submental volume over time. Importantly, no serious adverse events were reported, with only minor pain and warmth at the treated site. The reduction of SMF through DAc injections involves adipocyte cell lysis, emphasizing the importance of proper injection technique to avoid adverse events. The use of blunt microcannulas offers a safer alternative, minimizing the risk of skin necrosis, ulceration, and intra-arterial injections. Additionally, cannulas reduce bruising due to their blunt design and fan technique, enhancing patient comfort and safety. Conclusion This case report highlights the efficacy of a novel cannula approach for DAc SMF reduction, assessed by 3D-SQ. Blunt microcannulas may represent a safer option compared to hypodermic needles, reducing the likelihood of severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Germani
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor R.M. Munoz-Lora
- Let's HOF Academy, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Banditsaowapak P, Cheng JHC, Chen DDS, Chou MY. Three-dimensional analysis of posed smile in adults: A scoping review. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:773-786. [PMID: 38618097 PMCID: PMC11010680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review investigated the evidence on the three-dimensional analysis of a posed smile in adults to discover any research gaps in this research area. Electronic searches of articles written in English were performed using the four databases of Embase, PubMed, Springer, and Web of Science with publications from 2010 to 2023. Reference lists were also manually searched to identify additional studies. The results showed that 13 cross-sectional descriptive studies from Asia, Europe, North and South America met our inclusion criteria. Studies mainly focused on linear and angle measurement for resting and smiling faces and landmark movement from resting to smiling. Most studies conducted analysis of smiles stratified by sex, ethnicity, smile type, dental occlusion, skeletal pattern, and age. Two studies compared smiling with the resting position and one study compared the attractive smiling group with the ordinary group. Our scoping review revealed the insufficiency of some measurement methods, such as those employing area, volume, and soft tissue thickness. Furthermore, few studies were conducted in Asian populations, and comparisons of various smile types, overjet types, horizontal skeletal patterns, and comparisons of smiles between people with untreated normal occlusion and those who had been orthodontically treated were lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharamas Banditsaowapak
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Orthodontic Division, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Johnson Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Orthodontic Division, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel De-Shing Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Orthodontic Division, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Yuching Chou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Topsakal KG, Yurdakurban E, Duran GS, Görgülü S. 3D evaluation of cranial and dentofacial morphological differences between individuals with mouth breathing and nasal breathing. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:101854. [PMID: 38556168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to identify the morphological differences in cranial and dentofacial structures between individuals with mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 120 individuals, 60 each in the nasal breathing (NB) and mouth breathing (MB) groups. 3D stereophotogrammetry, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and intraoral examination results were recorded by the researchers to determine the morphological differences between the MB group and the NB group. The study utilized cephalometric radiographs for 2D hard tissue measurements and 3D stereophotogrammetric records for linear and angular measurements. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between the NB and MB groups' SNB angles (respectively, 79.3 ± 3.04, 76.6 ± 4.24, and p=0.002). Also, the NB group's SN-GoGn angle was lower than the MB group's (respectively, 31.5 ± 5.12, 36.0 ± 5.55, and p=0.002). Considering the Jarabak ratio, the NB group's Jarabak ratio was higher than the MB group (respectively,65.7 ± 4.16, 62.6 ± 4.10, and p=0.014). In 3D stereophotogrammetry measurements, increased Li-Me' was detected in the MB group than in NB group. CONCLUSION Mouth breathing results in significant morphological differences that affect the development of both soft tissues and skeletal structures. Orthodontists utilize these characteristic features observed in mouth-breathing anomalies for early diagnosis and consider referring their patients for medical treatment of mouth breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Gülnur Topsakal
- Department of Orthodontics, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey 06010
| | - Ebru Yurdakurban
- Department of Orthodontics, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey 06010.
| | - Gökhan Serhat Duran
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Canakkale 18 March University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Serkan Görgülü
- Department of Orthodontics, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey 06010
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Hartmann R, Nieberle F, Palm C, Brébant V, Prantl L, Kuehle R, Reichert TE, Taxis J, Ettl T. "Utility of Smartphone-based Three-dimensional Surface Imaging for Digital Facial Anthropometry". JPRAS Open 2024; 39:330-343. [PMID: 38390355 PMCID: PMC10882018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The utilization of three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging for facial anthropometry is a significant asset for patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery. Notably, there have been recent advancements in smartphone technology that enable 3D surface imaging.In this study, anthropometric assessments of the face were performed using a smartphone and a sophisticated 3D surface imaging system. Methods 30 healthy volunteers (15 females and 15 males) were included in the study. An iPhone 14 Pro (Apple Inc., USA) using the application 3D Scanner App (Laan Consulting Corp., USA) and the Vectra M5 (Canfield Scientific, USA) were employed to create 3D surface models. For each participant, 19 anthropometric measurements were conducted on the 3D surface models. Subsequently, the anthropometric measurements generated by the two approaches were compared. The statistical techniques employed included the paired t-test, paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bland-Altman analysis, and calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results All measurements showed excellent agreement between smartphone-based and Vectra M5-based measurements (ICC between 0.85 and 0.97). Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the central tendencies for 17 of the 19 linear measurements. Despite the excellent agreement found, Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the 95% limits of agreement between the two methods exceeded ±3 mm for the majority of measurements. Conclusion Digital facial anthropometry using smartphones can serve as a valuable supplementary tool for surgeons, enhancing their communication with patients. However, the proposed data suggest that digital facial anthropometry using smartphones may not yet be suitable for certain diagnostic purposes that require high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hartmann
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nieberle
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Palm
- Regensburg Medical Image Computing (ReMIC), Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg (OTH Regensburg), Galgenbergstr. 32, 93053, Regensburg
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH Regensburg and Regensburg University, Galgenbergstr. 32, 93053, Regensburg
| | - Vanessa Brébant
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- University Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinald Kuehle
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Taxis
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- University Hospital Regensburg Clinic and Polyclinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Lalechère E, Monnet JM, Breen J, Fuhr M. Assessing the potential of remote sensing-based models to predict old-growth forests on large spatiotemporal scales. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119865. [PMID: 38159307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Old-growth forests provide a broad range of ecosystem services. However, due to poor knowledge of their spatiotemporal distribution, implementing conservation and restoration strategies is challenging. The goal of this study is to compare the predictive ability of socioecological factors and different sources of remotely sensed data that determine the spatiotemporal scales at which forest maturity attributes can be predicted. We evaluated various remotely sensed data that cover a broad range of spatial (from local to global) and temporal (from current to decades) extents, from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), aerial multispectral and stereo-imagery, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and Landsat data. Using random forests, remotely sensed data were related to a forest maturity index available in 688 forest plots across four ranges of the French Alps. Each model also includes socioecological predictors related to topography, socioeconomy, pedology and climatology. We found that the different remotely sensed data provide information on the main forest structural characteristics as defined by ALS, except for Landsat, which has a too coarse resolution, and Sentinel-1, which responds differently to vegetation structure. The predictions were quite similar considering aerial remotely sensed data, on the one hand, and satellite remotely sensed data, on the other hand. Socioecological variables are the most important predictors compared to the remote sensing metrics. In conclusion, our results indicate that a wide range of remotely sensed data can be used to study old-growth forests beyond the use of ALS and despite different abilities to predict forest structure. Accounting for socioecological predictors is indispensable to avoid a significant loss of predictive accuracy. Remotely sensed data can allow for predictions to be made at different spatiotemporal resolutions and extents. This study paves the way to large-scale monitoring of forest maturity, as well as for retrospective analyses which will show to what extent predicted maturity change at different dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Lalechère
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, EDYSAN (UMR CNRS-UPJV 7058), 1 rue des Louvels, 80037, Amiens Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Matthieu Monnet
- INRAE, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
| | - Juliette Breen
- INRAE, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
| | - Marc Fuhr
- INRAE, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
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Pozzi A, Agliardi E, Lio F, Nagy K, Nardi A, Arcuri L. Accuracy of intraoral optical scan versus stereophotogrammetry for complete-arch digital implant impression: An in vitro study. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:172-180. [PMID: 37574278 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess and compare the accuracies of intraoral scanners (IOS) and stereophotogrammetry (SPG) devices for complete-arch digital implant impressions. METHODS A 4-analog model was digitized using a desk scanner to obtain a reference file. Thirty test scans were conducted using the investigated IOS device, while an additional 30 scans were performed using the SPG device. Using the best-fit algorithm, the resulting 60 test files were aligned with the reference file. Linear (ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ-axis) and angular deviations (ΔANGLE) were evaluated. Three-dimensional (3D) deviation was calculated based on the Euclidean distance (ΔEUC). The analysis was stratified according to the scanning device and implant position. Fisher's F and t-tests were used to compare the variances and expected values of the two scanning systems. RESULTS IOS expressed a higher 3D (ΔEUC) mean deviation than SPG (52.8 µm vs. 33.4 µm, P < 0.0001), with extreme measurements up to 181.9 µm. A significantly higher standard deviation (SD) was associated with IOS (37.1 µm vs. 17.7 µm, P < 0.0001). Considering angular deviations, the IOS showed slightly higher angular mean deviations (ΔANGLE) than the SPG (0.28° vs. 0.24°, P = 0.0022), with extreme measurements of up to 0.73°. The SPG SD values were significantly lower than the IOS SD values (0.14° vs. 0.04°, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The SPG showed significantly higher 3D and angular accuracies for complete arch implant impressions, with consistent repeatability. IOS scanning revealed significantly higher extreme deviations exceeding the acceptable threshold value. Despite study limitations, SPG appears more feasible than IOS for complete-arch digital implant impressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pozzi
- Goldstein Center for Esthetic and Implant Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Agliardi
- Dentistry Department, Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Materials for Health, Environment and Energy - Dentistry, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alessandra Nardi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Arcuri
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Biglio A, Rossetti G, Gibelli DM, Dolci C, Cappella A, Allevi F, Vaira LA, De Riu G, Sforza C, Biglioli F. Three-dimensional evaluation of symmetry in facial palsy reanimation using stereophotogrammetric devices: A series of 15 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2023; 51:766-771. [PMID: 37858482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial palsy can severely compromise quality of life, significantly altering the harmony and symmetry of the face, which can be restored by surgical rehabilitation. The aim of the study was the quantification of facial symmetry following facial reanimation. Fifteen consecutive adult patients were surgically treated through triple innervation for reanimation of flaccid unilateral facial paralysis (contralateral facial nerve, masseteric nerve, and hypoglossal nerve) and fascia lata graft for definition of the nasolabial sulcus. In the preoperative stage and at least 11 months after the surgical treatment, three-dimensional facial images were recorded through stereophotogrammetry in a neutral (rest) position, and with Mona Lisa and full-denture (maximum) smiles. Labial commissure inclination relative to the interpupillary axis, and a surface assessment of local facial asymmetry at rest and while smiling were obtained for the upper, middle, and lower facial thirds. The angle between the interpupillary axis and the labial commissure significantly improved in post-surgical acquisitions, regaining symmetry at rest (t-test; p < 0.001). Facial symmetry increased significantly when passing from pre-to postsurgical facial scans, from the lower to the upper facial third, and from the full smile to the rest position (ANOVA; p < 0.001). After treatment, the full smile recovered more symmetry than the other two expressions. In summary, surgical treatment significantly reduced facial asymmetry, but this reduction differed significantly among the various animations and facial thirds. The results of this study confirmed clinical findings of significant static and dynamic improvements in facial symmetry after triple innervation reanimation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Biglio
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Dolci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Operative Unit, Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCSS San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Allevi
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Biglioli
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Chen YH, Baan F, Bruggink R, Ko EWC, Bergé S, Xi T. Clockwise versus counterclockwise rotation in bimaxillary surgery: 3D analysis of facial soft tissue outcomes. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023:10.1007/s10006-023-01196-w. [PMID: 37981624 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-023-01196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare facial 3D soft tissue changes in subjects with Class III deformities who underwent bimaxillary clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotational orthognathic surgery. METHODS Asian Class III subjects who completed bimaxillary surgical orthodontic treatments were enrolled and categorized into CW and CCW groups based on maxillary occlusal plane alterations. Preoperative and 9-month follow-up cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D stereophotogrammetry were obtained, superimposed, and quantified for skeletal movements and soft tissue changes in six facial regions. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Thirty-seven subjects were included (CW group, n = 20; CCW group, n = 17). Postsurgical chin volume significantly reduced in the CW group compared to the CCW group (mean difference 6362 mm3; p = 0.037), and intergonial width significantly decreased in the CW group (mean difference 6.2 mm; p = 0.005). The postoperative alar width increased by 1.04 mm and 1.22 mm in the CW and CCW groups, respectively (p = 0.70). However, these changes were not significantly correlated to the direction of MMC pitch. CONCLUSION Clockwise rotation of the bimaxillary complex demonstrated a significant advantage in reducing chin volume and intergonial width compared to counterclockwise rotation, leading to a reduced frontal lower face width among Asian Class III subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Frank Baan
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bruggink
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wen-Ching Ko
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stefaan Bergé
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, Ga, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tong Xi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, Ga, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Onem Ozbilen E, Basal E, Yilmaz HN, Biren S. Facial morphology differences in monozygotic twins: a retrospective stereophotogrammetric study. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:706-711. [PMID: 37407504 PMCID: PMC10633807 DOI: 10.2319/120722-840.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess soft tissue differences between monozygotic twins (MZ) for the total face and between facial regions using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry and quantitative surface-based 3D deviation analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 14 untreated MZ twins (6 males, 8 females, mean age: 14.75 years) from the archive of Marmara University, Department of Orthodontics. The images were taken by the 3dMDface system, and 3dMDvultus software was used for removal of undesired areas and approximation of the images. Then, stereolithography (.stl) format images were superimposed using the best-fit algorithm using 3-matic software. The face was divided into facial thirds, and upper lip and lower lip + chin regions were created. For the comparison, 3D deviation analyses were performed, and a color map and histogram were created. The data were presented as mean deviation, root mean square (RMS), median, and interquartile range. RESULTS Between the facial thirds, there was no significant difference in soft tissue differences for mean deviation. A statistically significant difference was found between the upper and lower face for the RMS value. For the comparison of upper lip and lower lip + chin region, the only significant difference was for the RMS. When the data were presented as median and interquartile range, there were no statistically significant differences between any facial regions. CONCLUSIONS Lower facial third and lower lip + chin regions had the greatest differences within MZ twin pairs. The genetic and environmental influences might not be the same for different parts of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Onem Ozbilen
- Corresponding author: Elvan Onem Ozbilen, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Saglik Kampusu 9/3, Basibuyuk Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey (e-mail: )
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Quast A, Sadlonova M, Asendorf T, Derad C, Mouchoux J, Horn J, Schliephake H, Kauffmann P, Meyer-Marcotty P. The impact of orthodontic-surgical treatment on facial expressions-a four-dimensional clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5841-5851. [PMID: 37561212 PMCID: PMC10560183 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this clinical trial was to compare facial expressions (magnitude, shape change, time, and symmetry) before (T0) and after (T1) orthognathic surgery by implementing a novel method of four-dimensional (4D) motion capture analysis, known as videostereophotogrammetry, in orthodontics. METHODS This prospective, single-centre, single-arm trial included a total of 26 adult patients (mean age 28.4 years; skeletal class II: n = 13, skeletal class III: n = 13) with indication for orthodontic-surgical treatment. Two reproducible facial expressions (maximum smile, lip purse) were captured at T0 and T1 by videostereophotogrammetry as 4D face scan. The magnitude, shape change, symmetry, and time of the facial movements were analysed. The motion changes were analysed in dependence of skeletal class and surgical movements. RESULTS 4D motion capture analysis was feasible in all cases. The magnitude of the expression maximum smile increased from 15.24 to 17.27 mm (p = 0.002), while that of the expression lip purse decreased from 9.34 to 8.31 mm (p = 0.01). Shape change, symmetry, and time of the facial movements did not differ significantly pre- and postsurgical. The changes in facial movements following orthodontic-surgical treatment were observed independently of skeletal class and surgical movements. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic-surgical treatment not only affects static soft tissue but also soft tissue dynamics while smiling or lip pursing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To achieve comprehensive orthodontic treatment plans, the integration of facial dynamics via videostereophotogrammetry provides a promising approach in diagnostics. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00017206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Quast
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Monika Sadlonova
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Goettingen Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Asendorf
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carlotta Derad
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jérémy Mouchoux
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia Horn
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kauffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Meyer-Marcotty
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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11
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Sowmya MV, Mehrotra D, Mohammad S, Singh R, Tiwari AK, Katrolia R, Sharma Yogesh S. 3D assessment of ear morphology. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:622-629. [PMID: 37600501 PMCID: PMC10432210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Auricular reconstruction is a technically challenging and aesthetically demanding procedure as the ear has a complex anatomy. Anthropometry aids in achieving aesthetic ear reconstruction. We considered that implication of stereophotogrammetric technology will lead to a better understanding of human ear morphology. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in our institutional OPD in a tertiary health care centre in the Northern part of India.400 people were chosen based on selection criteria. facial scans were done for 3D pictures using Canfield VECTRA® H2 3D imaging device. Study variables were assessed after marking landmarks on the 3D-generated auricular image of an individual. Discussion This study consisted of 55.5% males and 44.5% females belonging to the age group of 5-25 years (30.3%), 26-40 years (38.8%) and>40 yr (31.0%). Out of 400 cases, the majority had; oval shaped auricle, normally rolled helix, square earlobe; knob shaped tragus. The attached type of earlobe attachment was more in the right auricle (37%) and the partial attachment ear lobe was more in the left side auricle (35.5%). Darwin's tubercle showed more proportion in the case of males. The mean length and width of the auricle & attachment length are higher in males compared to females. Ear Angulation is highest among females. Conclusion Assessment of ear morphology using technologically sound methods like stereophotogrammetry paves the way for a more quick, reliable and easy-to-use method for understanding ear morphology. Precise assessment of ear morphology using stereophotogrammetry helps in providing more cosmetic and acceptable ear restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meleti Venkata Sowmya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shadab Mohammad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R.K. Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arunesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Katrolia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivani Sharma Yogesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Michelinakis G, Apostolakis D, Velidakis E. An in vitro Comparison of Accuracy Between Three Different Face Scanning Modalities. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2023; 31:296-307. [PMID: 36927828 DOI: 10.1922/ejprd_2495michelinakis12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A mannequin head was digitized using a reference scanner (Scan in a Box) to acquire the reference mesh. Subsequently it was scanned with a structured light scanner (Einscan Pro HD), a stereophotogrammetry scanner (RayFace100) and a laser scanner (Proface 3D Mid) to acquire test meshes.Resulting meshes were delineated in four horizontal areas and discrepancies calculated for the complete face and different facial partitions. One-way Anova and pairwise comparisons tests were used to compare trueness and precision between scanners across different areas. Significant differences were detected among scanners for complete face (F (3, 27) =776, P ⟨ 0.01)) and for delineated face areas (F (11, 99) =200.1, P ⟨ 0.01)). Einscan had significantly higher accuracy for the complete face (P⟨0.01) and significantly higher trueness for each facial partition compared to other scanners. RayFace had significantly higher trueness when scanning the middle part of face compared to other facial parts. Proface had significantly lower upper facial third trueness compared to other facial parts. All scanners had accuracy levels below the 2.00mm threshold. Facial scanning accuracy was influenced per scanner used. Scanning trueness per device was influenced by location of surface area. All scanners had accuracy levels within the acceptable accuracy threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Velidakis
- Mechanical Engineering Get3D, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Flanze K, Riemekasten S, Hirsch C, Koehne T. Perception of facial and dental asymmetries and their impact on oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. J Orofac Orthop 2023:10.1007/s00056-023-00490-2. [PMID: 37640842 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of facial and dental asymmetries in children and adolescents and how these asymmetries affect their psychosocial and emotional well-being. METHODS The study included 66 children and adolescents (7-15 years) with a deviation between the maxillary and mandibular dental midlines of > 0.5 mm. The soft tissues of the face were scanned using stereophotogrammetry. Psychosocial and emotional impairments were assessed using the German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G8-10 and 11-14). RESULTS The mean midline deviation of the study group was 2.3 mm with no significant gender differences. Girls perceived facial asymmetry significantly more often than boys (p < 0.01). However, stereophotogrammetry showed no significant differences in facial morphology between subjects who perceived their face as asymmetrical and those who perceived it as symmetrical. Interestingly, we observed a significant correlation between the deviation of the dental midline and the lateral displacement of gonion (p < 0.05) and cheilion (p < 0.01). Psychosocial and emotional impairment was significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation with the measured facial asymmetries. In contrast, the CPQ subscale score was 2.68 points higher in individuals with a dental midline shift ≥ 3 mm (p < 0.01), independent of age and gender. CONCLUSION Although girls perceived facial asymmetries more strongly than boys do, this perception could not be objectified by extraoral measurements. A midline shift of 3 mm or more had a negative impact on the oral health-related quality of life of affected children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Flanze
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12/1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Riemekasten
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12/1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12/1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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黄 莹, 吴 志, 周 行, 蔡 志, 张 杰. [Category of facial symmetry perception after maxillary reconstruction using anterolateral thigh flap]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 55:708-715. [PMID: 37534656 PMCID: PMC10398784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To preliminarily establish a category of facial symmetry perception after maxillary reconstruction using anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) by the methods of stereophotogrammetry and subjective assessment. METHODS The patients underwent maxillectomy due to neoplasms invasion, and all the maxillary defects were reconstructed using ALTF.Three-dimensional (3D) photographs were captured from the patients with a stereophotogrammatrical camera set-up.In the Geomagic software, the mirror image was created by reflecting along an arbitrary plane outside of the face.After the registration, the postoperative side on the original 3D photograph was segmented into 6 areas.The 3D change of the facial soft-tissue was measured using surface-based color map.Twenty laypeople took part in the study as observers, and they were asked to rate the 3D photographs using 5 point Likert-type scale according to their own aesthetic standard.The soft tissue asymmetry was graded according to the score.The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 24.0 software. RESULTS In the study, 44 subjects were recruited (21 males and 23 females, age range from 19 to 79 years).The soft-tissue symmetry was graded into three levels according to the subjective scores.The grade Ⅰ was basically symmetrical.The grade Ⅱ was slightly asymmetrical.The grade Ⅲ was obviously asymmetrical.Statistically significant differences were found in the suborbital (P < 0.05) and zygomatic (P < 0.05) areas when comparing all grades of soft-tissue asymmetry, and in the buccal (P < 0.05) and superiolabial (P < 0.05) areas when comparing grades Ⅰ and Ⅲ.The extent of maxillary defect had significant impact on the symmetry of the midface soft-tissue after maxillary reconstruction. CONCLUSION Varying extent maxillectomy would result in varying degrees of asymmetry, and cause different grades of symmetry perception even if they had been reconstructed using ALTF.The higher the grade, the worse the symmetry of facial soft-tissue.Suborbital and zygomatic areas were important aesthetic units that affected the facial symmetry perception, followed by buccal and superiolabial areas.The clinicians should pay attention to the soft-tissue support in these areas when reconstructing the maxillary defect, especially large defect with orbital floor involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- 莹 黄
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 志远 吴
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 行红 周
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 志刚 蔡
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 杰 张
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔材料重点实验室, 北京 100081Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
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Andrews J, Alwafi A, Bichu YM, Pliska BT, Mostafa N, Zou B. Validation of three-dimensional facial imaging captured with smartphone-based photogrammetry application in comparison to stereophotogrammetry system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15834. [PMID: 37180897 PMCID: PMC10172784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Statement of problem The development of facial scanners has improved capabilities to create three-dimensional (3D) virtual patients for accurate facial and smile analysis. However, most of these scanners are expensive, stationary and involve a significant clinical footprint. The use of the Apple iPhone and its integrated "TrueDepth" near-infrared (NIR) scanner combined with an image processing application (app) offers the potential to capture and analyze the unique 3D nature of the face; the accuracy and reliability of which are yet to be established for use in clinical dentistry. Purpose This study was designed to validate both the trueness and precision of the iPhone 11 Pro smartphone TrueDepth NIR scanner in conjunction with the Bellus3D Face app in capturing 3D facial images in a sample of adult participants in comparison to the conventional 3dMDface stereophotogrammetry system. Material and methods Twenty-nine adult participants were prospectively recruited. Eighteen soft tissue landmarks were marked on each participant's face before imaging. 3D facial images were captured using a 3dMDface system and the Apple iPhone TrueDepth NIR scanner combined with the Bellus3D Face app respectively. The best fit of each experimental model to the 3dMD scan was analyzed using Geomagic Control X software. The root mean square (RMS) was used to measure the "trueness" as the absolute deviation of each TrueDepth scan from the reference 3dMD image. Individual facial landmark deviations were also assessed to evaluate the reliability in different craniofacial regions. The "precision" of the smartphone was tested by taking 10 consecutive scans of the same subject and comparing those to the reference scan. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliabilities were assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Relative to the 3dMDface system, the mean RMS difference of the iPhone/Bellus3D app was 0.86 ± 0.31 mm. 97% of all the landmarks were within 2 mm of error compared with the reference data. The ICC for intra-observer reproducibility or precision of the iPhone/Bellus3D app was 0.96, which was classified as excellent. The ICC for inter-observer reliability was 0.84, which was classified as good. Conclusions These results suggest that 3D facial images acquired with this system, the iPhone TrueDepth NIR camera in conjunction with the Bellus3D Face app, are clinically accurate and reliable. Judicious use is advised in clinical situations that require high degrees of detail due to a lack of image resolution and a longer acquisition time. Generally, this system possesses the potential to serve as a practical alternative to conventional stereophotogrammetry systems for use in a clinical setting due to its accessibility and relative ease of use and further research is planned to appraise its updated clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Andrews
- Graduate Orthodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abdulraheem Alwafi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Benjamin T. Pliska
- Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nesrine Mostafa
- Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bingshuang Zou
- Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Corresponding author. Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Nike E, Radzins O, Pirttiniemi P, Vuollo V, Slaidina A, Abeltins A. Evaluation of facial soft tissue asymmetric changes in Class III patients after orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 52:361-370. [PMID: 35871879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in facial soft tissue asymmetry over time after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry. The study included 101 patients with a skeletal Class III malocclusion (72 female, 29 male; age range 19-53 years, mean age 28.6 years) who underwent orthognathic surgery. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. Three-dimensional photographs were acquired using the 3dMDtrio stereophotogrammetry system, and 21 anthropometric landmark positions were evaluated at three time points: before surgery (T0), 6 months (T1) and 12 months (T2) after surgery. Facial asymmetry was assessed and classified as follows: 0-2 mm, mild; 2-5 mm, moderate;> 5 mm, severe. The average distance for whole face asymmetry differed between T0 (median 0.76 mm) and T1 (median 0.70 mm); however, there was no statistically significant difference at any time point. The chin volume asymmetry score differed significantly between T0 (median 1.11 mm) and T1 and T2 (median 1.08 mm for both; P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), but not between T1 and T2 (P = 0.061). The study findings indicate that the asymmetry of the facial soft tissues has the potential to return after 6 months, without reaching the baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nike
- Department of the Orthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - O Radzins
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Institute of Stomatology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - P Pirttiniemi
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Vuollo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Slaidina
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - A Abeltins
- Department of the Orthodontics, Institute of Stomatology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
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17
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Xue Z, Ye G, Qiu T, Liu X, Wang X, Li Z. An objective, quantitative, dynamic assessment of facial movement symmetry changes after orthognathic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 52:272-281. [PMID: 35753942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to generate a quantitative dynamic assessment of facial movement symmetry changes after orthognathic surgery. Twenty-five patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry who underwent bimaxillary surgery were recruited. The patients were asked to perform a maximum smile that was recorded using a three-dimensional facial motion capture system preoperatively (T0), 6 months postoperatively (T1), and 12 months postoperatively (T2). Eleven facial landmarks were selected to analyse the cumulative distance and average speed during smiling. The absolute differences for the paired landmarks between the sides were analysed to reflect the symmetry changes. The results showed that the asymmetry index of the cheilions at T2 was significantly lower than that at T0 (P = 0.004), as was the index of the mid-lateral lower lips (P = 0.006). The mean difference in cheilions was 2.13 ± 1.41 mm at T0, 1.33 ± 1.09 mm at T1, and 1.00 ± 0.98 mm at T2. The facial total mobility at T1 was significantly lower than that at T0 (P < 0.001), while the total mobility at T2 was significantly higher than that at T1 (P = 0.012). The orthognathic surgical correction of facial asymmetry was able to improve the associated asymmetry of facial movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - G Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - T Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Fan W, Rokohl AC, Kupka P, Hou X, Liu J, Li S, Kopecky A, Ju S, Matos PAW, Guo Y, Heindl LM. Reproducibility of Three-Dimensional Volumetric Measurement of Periocular Tumor Models. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:111-123. [PMID: 36245061 PMCID: PMC9834469 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we measured the volume of customized tumor models in the periocular area using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry and evaluated the reproducibility of these measurements. METHODS Five tumor models of different colors and sizes were placed in different periocular positions, and 3D facial images were obtained from 68 healthy adult volunteers. Subsequently, the volumes of the tumor models were measured, and the intra- and interrater reproducibility was assessed. RESULTS The gray 6 mm model revealed the highest reliable measurements in both Caucasians (intra- and interrater intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.981 and 0.899, mean absolute difference of 1.446 and 3.327 mm3, relative error measurement of 3.497% and 8.120%, technical error of measurement of 1.450 and 3.105 mm3, and relative technical error of measurement of 3.506% and 7.580%) and Asians (0.968 and 0.844, 1.974 and 4.067 mm3, 4.772% and 9.526%, 2.100 and 4.302 mm3, and 5.076% and 10.076%, respectively). The highest reliability of measurements in the lateral upper eyelid (0.88 and 0.95, 4.042 and 3.626 mm3, 9.730% and 9.020%, 5.714 and 3.358 mm3, and 9.730% and 8.350%, respectively) and medial upper eyelid (0.81 and 0.89, 4.313 and 4.226 mm3, 9.730% and 9.020%, 6.098 and 4.069 mm3, and 9.730% and 8.350%, respectively) with eyes closed was evident in Caucasians, while the same trend (0.841 and 0.815, 2.828 and 3.757 mm3, 9.860% and 9.840%, 4.052 and 4.308 mm3, and 9.860% and 9.740%, respectively) was observed in Asians in the medial canthus with eyes closed. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms, for the first time, the high reliability of periocular tumor volume measurements using 3D stereophotogrammetry, suggesting its feasibility for eyelid tumor measurement. Further trials are required to investigate its clinical use for documentation and follow-up of different eyelid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Fan
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C. Rokohl
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany ,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Kupka
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Hou
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jinhua Liu
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Senmao Li
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Kopecky
- grid.412727.50000 0004 0609 0692Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Sitong Ju
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philomena A. Wawer Matos
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongwei Guo
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XEye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany ,Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Dusseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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Palamenghi A, Mazzarelli D, Cappella A, De Angelis D, Sforza C, Cattaneo C, Gibelli D. Digital pair-matching of iliac bones: pilot study on a three-dimensional approach with models acquired through stereophotogrammetry. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:105-13. [PMID: 36195690 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) pair-matching has brought about an innovative approach for the analysis of commingled skeletal remains, and it has been tested on bone models acquired through CT and laser scans. Here, 3D models of 40 innominate bones (20 left and 20 right) of 20 documented male individuals from a cemeterial skeletal collection were acquired through a stereophotogrammetric device (VECTRA M3, Canfield Scientific, Inc.). The ventral iliac surface was chosen as the anatomical region of interest (ROI) for the analysis. Each left ROI was mirrored and superimposed on the matching right ROI (contralateral element from the same individual) and mismatching ROIs (contralateral elements from different individuals). The point-to-point distance between models was calculated through the Vectra Analysis Module (VAM) software and the root mean square (RMS) point-to-point distance value was used to evaluate the sorting performance of the method, in terms of sensitivity and specificity rates. Differences in RMS between matches and mismatches were investigated through a Student's t test (p < 0.05). The state of preservation of the remains was assessed following an index of anatomical completeness and differences in RMS distances of true matches according to different anatomical completeness were assessed through the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RMS point-to-point distances of matches and mismatches were significantly different (p < 0.01), being the matches lower than mismatches. The RMS threshold of 2.9 mm identified all the true pairs; the test was 100% sensitive and 51% specific. The RMS of matches with a better state of preservation are significantly lower than the less preserved matches (p < 0.05). In general, a low RMS distance value may indicate a true match, being it to be further verified. The 3D approach for sorting innominate bones provides a valid screening test that could complete subjective and osteometric methods with numerical evidence of the match. Preliminary data suggest a possible relation between RMS distance values and taphonomic condition, which would benefit from further research.
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Fayad J, Eltes PE, Lazary A, Cristofolini L, Stagni R. Stereophotogrammetric approaches to multi-segmental kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1080. [PMID: 36503435 PMCID: PMC9743750 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spine disorders are becoming more prevalent in today's ageing society. Motion abnormalities have been linked to the prevalence and recurrence of these disorders. Various protocols exist to measure thoracolumbar spine motion, but a standard multi-segmental approach is still missing. This study aims to systematically evaluate the literature on stereophotogrammetric motion analysis approaches to quantify thoracolumbar spine kinematics in terms of measurement reliability, suitability of protocols for clinical application and clinical significance of the resulting functional assessment. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect) were searched until February 2022. Studies published in English, investigating the intersegmental kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine using stereophotogrammetric motion analysis were identified. All information relating to measurement reliability; measurement suitability and clinical significance was extracted from the studies identified. RESULTS Seventy-four studies met the inclusion criteria. 33% of the studies reported on the repeatability of their measurement. In terms of suitability, only 35% of protocols were deemed suitable for clinical application. The spinous processes of C7, T3, T6, T12, L1, L3 and L5 were the most widely used landmarks. The spine segment definitions were, however, found to be inconsistent among studies. Activities of daily living were the main tasks performed. Comparable results between protocols are however still missing. CONCLUSION The literature to date offers various stereophotogrammetric protocols to quantify the multi-segmental motion of the thoracolumbar spine, without a standard guideline being followed. From a clinical point of view, the approaches are still limited. Further research is needed to define a precise motion analysis protocol in terms of segment definition and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fayad
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Endre Eltes
- National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary ,In Silico Biomechanics Laboratory, National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aron Lazary
- National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Cristofolini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Stagni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Pan F, Liu J, Cen Y, Chen Y, Cai R, Zhao Z, Liao W, Wang J. Accuracy of RGB-D camera-based and stereophotogrammetric facial scanners: a comparative study. J Dent 2022; 127:104302. [PMID: 36152954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy and inter-operator reliability of a low-cost red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) camera-based facial scanner (Bellus3D Arc7) with a stereophotogrammetry facial scanner (3dMD) and to explore the possibility of the former as a clinical substitute for the latter. METHODS A mannequin head was selected as the research object. In the RGB-D camera-based facial scanner group, the head was continuously scanned five times using an RGB-D camera-based facial scanner (Bellus3D Arc7), and the outcome data of each scan was then imported into CAD software (MeshLab) to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) facial photographs. In the stereophotogrammetry facial scanner group, the mannequin head was scanned with a stereophotogrammetry facial scanner (3dMD). Selected parameters were directly measured on the reconstructed 3D virtual faces using a CAD software. The same parameters were then measured directly on the mannequin head using the direct anthropometry (DA) method as the gold standard for later comparison. The accuracy of the facial scanners was evaluated in terms of trueness and precision. Trueness was evaluated by comparing the measurement results of the two groups with each other and with that of DA using equivalence tests and average absolute deviations, while precision and inter-operator reliability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A 3D facial mesh deviation between the two groups was also calculated for further reference using a 3D metrology software (GOM inspect pro). RESULTS In terms of trueness, the average absolute deviations between RGB-D camera-based and stereophotogrammetry facial scanners, between RGB-D camera-based facial scanner and DA, and between stereophotogrammetry facial scanner and DA were statistically equivalent at 0.50±0.27 mm, 0.61±0.42 mm, and 0.28±0.14 mm, respectively. Equivalence test results confirmed that their equivalence was within clinical requirements (<1 mm). The ICC for each parameter was approximately 0.999 in terms of precision and inter-operator reliability. A 3D facial mesh analysis suggested that the deviation between the two groups was 0.37±0.01 mm. CONCLUSIONS For facial scanners, an accuracy of <1 mm is commonly considered clinically acceptable. Both the RGB-D camera-based and stereophotogrammetry facial scanners in this study showed acceptable trueness, high precision, and inter-operator reliability. A low-cost RGB-D camera-based facial scanner could be an eligible clinical substitute for traditional stereophotogrammetry. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The low-cost RGB-D camera-based facial scanner showed clinically acceptable trueness, high precision, and inter-operator reliability; thus, it could be an eligible clinical substitute for traditional stereophotogrammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueyan Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilie Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, South Carolina, United States
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ruescas Nicolau AV, De Rosario H, Basso Della-Vedova F, Parrilla Bernabé E, Juan MC, López-Pascual J. Accuracy of a 3D temporal scanning system for gait analysis: Comparative with a marker-based photogrammetry system. Gait Posture 2022; 97:28-34. [PMID: 35868094 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining the accuracy of marker-based stereophotogrammetry and the usability and comfort of markerless human movement analysis is a difficult challenge. 3D temporal scanners are a promising solution, since they provide moving meshes with thousands of vertices that can be used to analyze human movements. RESEARCH QUESTION Can a 3D temporal scanner be used as a markerless system for gait analysis with the same accuracy as traditional, marker-based stereophotogrammetry systems? METHODS A comparative study was carried out using a 3D temporal scanner synchronized with a marker-based stereophotogrammetry system. Two gait cycles of twelve healthy adults were measured simultaneously, extracting the positions of key anatomical points from both systems, and using them to analyze the 3D kinematics of the pelvis, right hip and knee joints. Measurement differences of marker positions and joint angles were described by their root mean square. A t-test was performed to rule out instrumental errors, and an F-test to evaluate the amplifications of marker position errors in dynamic conditions. RESULTS The differences in 3D landmark positions were between 1.9 and 2.4 mm in the reference pose. Marker position errors were significantly increased during motion in the medial-lateral and vertical directions. The angle relative errors were between 3% and 43% of the range of motion, with the greatest difference being observed in hip axial rotation. SIGNIFICANCE The differences in the results obtained between the 3D temporal scanner and the marker-based system were smaller than the usual errors due to lack of accuracy in the manual positioning of markers on anatomical landmarks and to soft-tissue artefacts. That level of accuracy is greater than other markerless systems, and proves that such technology is a good alternative to traditional, marker-based motion capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Ruescas Nicolau
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, edifici 9C. Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Helios De Rosario
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, edifici 9C. Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Fermín Basso Della-Vedova
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, edifici 9C. Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Parrilla Bernabé
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, edifici 9C. Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - M-Carmen Juan
- Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, edifici 1F. Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Juan López-Pascual
- Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Universitat Politècnica de València, edifici 9C. Camí de Vera, s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
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Bruggink R, Baan F, Brons S, Loonen TG, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Maal TJ, Ongkosuwito EM. A semi-automatic three-dimensional technique using a regionalized facial template enables facial growth assessment in healthy children from 1.5 to 5.0 years of age. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13281. [PMID: 35694378 PMCID: PMC9186324 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop a semi-automatic technique to evaluate normative facial growth in healthy children between the age of 1.5 and 5.0 years using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images. Materials and Methods Three-dimensional facial images of healthy children at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 years of age were collected and positioned based on a reference frame. A general face template was used to extract the face and its separate regions from the full stereophotogrammetric image. Furthermore, this template was used to create a uniform distributed mesh, which could be directly compared to other meshes. Average faces were created for each age group and mean growth was determined between consecutive groups for the full face and its separate regions. Finally, the results were tested for intra- and inter-operator performance. Results The highest growth velocity was present in the first period between 1.5 and 2.0 years of age with an average of 1.50 mm (±0.54 mm) per six months. After 2.0 years, facial growth velocity declined to only a third at the age of 5.0 years. Intra- and inter-operator variability was small and not significant. Conclusions The results show that this technique can be used for objective clinical evaluation of facial growth. Example normative facial averages and the corresponding facial growth between the age 1.5 and 5.0 years are shown. Clinical Relevance This technique can be used to collect and process facial data for objective clinical evaluation of facial growth in the individual patient. Furthermore, these data can be used as normative data in future comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bruggink
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baan
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Brons
- Orthodontie Merwestein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Tom G.J. Loonen
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J.J. Maal
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M. Ongkosuwito
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Amalia Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Almadori A, Speiser S, Ashby I, Lacher R, Bishop D, Mosahebi A, Butler PE. Portable three-dimensional imaging to monitor small volume enhancement in face, vulva, and hand: A comparative study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022:S1748-6815(22)00240-6. [PMID: 35659734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple handheld three-dimensional (3D) systems are available on the market, but data regarding their use in detecting small volumes are limited. The aim of this study was to compare different portable 3D technologies in detecting small volumetric enhancement on a mannequin model and a series of patients. Five portable 3D systems (Artec Eva, Crisalix, Go!Scan, LifeViz Mini, and Vectra H1) were tested in a controlled environment with standardised volumes and in a clinical setting with patients undergoing small volume fat grafting to face, vulva, and hand. Accuracy was assessed with absolute and relative technical error measurement (TEM and rTEM); precision with intra- and inter-observer reliability (rp and ICC); and usability in clinical practice with the following parameters: portability, suitability of use in operating theatre/clinic, ease of use of hardware and software, speed of capture, image quality, patient comfort, and cost. All tested devices presented overall good accuracy in detecting small volumetric changes ranging from 0.5 to 4 cc. Structured-light laser scanners (Artec Eva and Go!Scan) showed high accuracy, but their use in clinical practice was limited by longer capture time, multiple wiring, and complex software for analysis. Crisalix was considered the most user-friendly, less bothering for patients, and truly portable, but its use was limited to the face because the software does not include vulva and hand. Three-dimensional technologies exploiting the principle of passive stereophotogrammetry such as LifeViz Mini and Vectra H1 were the most versatile for assessing accurately multiple body areas, representing overall the best long-term value for money. Therefore, 3D portable technology is a non-invasive, accurate, and reproducible method to assess the volumetric outcome after facial, vulval, and hand injectables. The choice of the 3D system should be based on the clinical need and resources available.
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D'Ettorre G, Farronato M, Candida E, Quinzi V, Grippaudo C. A comparison between stereophotogrammetry and smartphone structured light technology for three-dimensional face scanning. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:358-363. [PMID: 35015071 DOI: 10.2319/040921-290.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare three-dimensional facial scans obtained by stereophotogrammetry with two different applications for smartphone supporting the TrueDepth system, a structured light technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Facial scans of 40 different subjects were acquired with three different systems. The 3dMDtrio Stereophotogrammetry System (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga) was compared with a smartphone (iPhone Xs; Apple, Cupertino, Calif) equipped with the Bellus3D Face Application (version 1.6.11; Bellus3D Inc, Campbell, Calif) or Capture (version 1.2.5; Standard Cyborg Inc, San Francisco, Calif). Times of image acquisition and elaboration were recorded. The surface-to-surface deviation and the distance between 18 landmarks from 3dMD reference images to those acquired with Bellus3D or Capture were measured. RESULTS Capturing and processing times with the smartphone applications were considerably longer than with the 3dMD system. The surface-to-surface deviation analysis between the Bellus3D and 3dMD showed an overlap percentage of 80.01% ± 5.92% and 56.62% ± 7.65% within the ranges of 1 mm and 0.5 mm discrepancy, respectively. Images from Capture showed an overlap percentage of 81.40% ± 9.59% and 56.45% ± 11.62% within the ranges of 1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The face image acquisition with the 3dMD device is fast and accurate, but bulky and expensive. The new smartphone applications combined with the TrueDepth sensors show promising results. They need more accuracy from the operator and more compliance from the patient because of the increased acquisition time. Their greatest advantages are related to cost and portability.
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Yılmaz HN, Acar YB, Onem Ozbilen E. Scleral exposure changes after Le Fort I maxillary advancement with vertical component in individuals with skeletal Class III malocclusion-A stereophotogrammetric image study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:502-508. [PMID: 34964257 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to evaluate inferior scleral exposure changes in Class III patients that underwent orthognathic surgery with Le Fort I osteotomy with and without vertical displacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative and 6-months postoperative cephalograms and stereophotogrammetric images of 45 subjects (mean age:21.66±2.97 years) that underwent orthognathic surgery for Class III correction were retrieved. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: maxillary advancement-only (AO); maxillary advancement+impaction (AI), maxillary advancement+downfracture (AD). Exclusion criteria were mandibular-only surgery, occlusal canting, facial asymmetry, orbital surgery, and craniofacial syndrome. One investigator measured inferior scleral exposure on both sides using following landmarks: upper eyelid margin (A), inferior limbus (B) and lower eyelid margin (C). Distance between A and C was recorded as overall eye height (E), distance between B and C was recorded as inferior sclera exposure (S). S:E ratio in percentage was calculated to standardize sclera exposure relative to overall eye height. Wilcoxon signed-rank and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS Mean value of maxillary movements were: 4.21±1.82mm advancement in AO; 5.08±2.18mm advancement and 2.33±0.99mm impaction in AI; 3.95±1.45mm advancement and 3.1±0.71mm downfracture in AD. Change in reduction of scleral exposure was significant in all groups (p<0.05). AI group bilaterally and AO group right side had highest differences (-4.96±4.86, -6.09±4.21, -4.99±3.23, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in S:E ratio changes (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant difference, revealing similar reduction in all three groups despite the differences in the vertical movement variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Nuray Yılmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bahar Acar
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Onem Ozbilen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hao K, Luo J, Di P, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Morphometry and displacement analysis of the upper lips following maxillary full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses: a 3D morphometric study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:461. [PMID: 34556104 PMCID: PMC8459564 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of three-dimensional (3D) integration technology, analysis of soft tissue displacement and morphological changes after maxillary full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses can be performed. The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of the 3D integration method for constructing the relative position of the prostheses and facial soft tissue, evaluate the displacement and morphological variation of the upper lips after maxillary full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses. METHODS Twenty-five maxillary edentulous patients were recruited in this study. At the time of final prosthesis delivery, the 3D prostheses data and three 3D facial profiles were integrated. After method validation, the 3D position changes of seven soft tissue landmarks were used to reflect the 25 upper lips. The variation of four morphological distances were analyzed to reflect the morphological alteration of the upper lips. Two pairs of dentofacial landmarks were used to analyze the sagittal relative position of the prostheses and soft tissue. The included patients were also grouped to determine the impact of sex, upper lip thickness, and length on lip support changes. RESULTS The average distance of the two matched relative reliable forehead regions was only 0.32 mm. The sagittal shifts of labrale superius (LS), stomion (STO), crista philtri left (CPHL) and crista philtri right (CPHR) were 3.44 ± 1.39 mm, 2.52 ± 1.38 mm, 3.04 ± 1.18 mm, and 3.12 ± 1.21 mm, respectively. With the exception of the decrease in the length of subnasale (SN)-LS, the length of cheilion right (CHR)-cheilion left (CHL), CPHR-CPHL, and LS-STO significantly increased. The two pairs of dentofacial landmarks had strong positive movement correlations along the sagittal direction. Patients with thinner and longer lips showed more lip support than those with thicker and shorter lips by a clinically insignificant amount. CONCLUSIONS The integration method of 3D facial and dental data showed high repeatability in constructing the dentofacial relative position. The linear equations reflecting dentofacial relative position could aid clinicians in evaluating the restoration effect and estimate the upper lip variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Hao
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Di
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Akan B, Akan E, Şahan AO, Kalak M. Evaluation of 3D Face-Scan images obtained by stereophotogrammetry and smartphone camera. Int Orthod 2021; 19:669-678. [PMID: 34544662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the similarities between three-dimensional images captured by a smartphone camera with depth sensors and a conventional 3dMD Face system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty six individuals (16 female, 10 male) were involved in this study, agreed to take part and as such had no paralysis, tics, etc., which may prevent taking the image. Anthropometric points were marked, and plasters were placed on the forehead, upper nasal dorsum and zygoma to determine matching areas. 3D images were captured with a DOF (Depth of Field) camera of a smartphone (iPhone X, Apple Inc. CA, USA) and a 3D imaging system (3dMD, Atlanta, GA, USA). Linear and angular measurements were carried. Overlapping area amounts of matched images and X, Y and Z coordinates of landmarks were compared. For comparison of the data, student t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used at P<0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant changes were found in distance between inner commissures of right and left eye fissure and nasolabial angle. RMS (Root Mean Square) values were found between 0.58 and 1. CONCLUSION Images captured with a DOF camera of a smartphone, can be used to record and evaluate 3D soft tissue changes. However, due to the anatomical features of some regions, the deficiency of clear visualization needs improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Akan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ender Akan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mert Kalak
- Private Practice in Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Demétrio MS, Marlière DAA, Barbosa SM, Pereira RA, da Silveira HM. Different Modalities to Record and Transfer Natural Head Position to Virtual Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: Case Reports of Asymmetric Patients. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2021; 20:443-54. [PMID: 34408372 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-020-01376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To describe different modalities to record and transfer natural head position (NHP) to 3D facial imaging by using the virtual surgical planning software in three facial asymmetry patients. Case Reports Three patients with facial asymmetries (A, B, and C) were evaluated by means of dental and facial analysis, photographs, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digitized dental arches. Before starting the VSP workflow with Dolphin Imaging, NHP was recorded by three modalities and transferred to three-dimensional (3D) facial images as follows: (a) facial photographs taken with digital camera and the estimated NHP was transferred to 3D images by comparing lines and planes from both images; (b) cross-line level laser was used to place radiopaque markers on the face skin for recording the estimated NHP, which was transferred to 3D images by alignment of planes and markers in the software; and (c) photographs of the face were processed to generate facial surface mesh by using the Agisoft PhotoScan software, which maintained the same position of the estimated NHP in 3D for aligning the images of the soft tissue with the facial surface mesh by using superimposition. All the three patients underwent bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery. Conclusion There are different modalities using simple and available technologies in the clinical routine, but whose reproducibility, reliability and validation could not be assessed nor compared to each other. There was no trend for better predictability, feasibility and efficiency because the postoperative outcomes were adequate regarding the patients' satisfaction and facial symmetry.
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Gibelli D, Palamenghi A, Poppa P, Sforza C, Cattaneo C, De Angelis D. Improving 3D-3D facial registration methods: potential role of three-dimensional models in personal identification of the living. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:2501-2507. [PMID: 34241673 PMCID: PMC8523506 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Personal identification of the living from video surveillance systems usually involves 2D images. However, the potentiality of three-dimensional facial models in gaining personal identification through 3D-3D comparison still needs to be verified. This study aims at testing the reliability of a protocol for 3D-3D registration of facial models, potentially useful for personal identification. Fifty male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were randomly chosen from a database of 3D facial models acquired through stereophotogrammetry. For each subject, two acquisitions were available; the 3D models of faces were then registered onto other models belonging to the same and different individuals according to the least point-to-point distance on the entire facial surface, for a total of 50 matches and 50 mismatches. RMS value (root mean square) of point-to-point distance between the two models was then calculated through the VAM® software. Intra- and inter-observer errors were assessed through calculation of relative technical error of measurement (rTEM). Possible statistically significant differences between matches and mismatches were assessed through Mann–Whitney test (p < 0.05). Both for intra- and inter-observer repeatability rTEM was between 2.2 and 5.2%. Average RMS point-to-point distance was 0.50 ± 0.28 mm in matches, 2.62 ± 0.56 mm in mismatches (p < 0.01). An RMS threshold of 1.50 mm could distinguish matches and mismatches in 100% of cases. This study provides an improvement to existing 3D-3D superimposition methods and confirms the great advantages which may derive to personal identification of the living from 3D facial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gibelli
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, LAFAS, Laboratorio Di Anatomia Funzionale Dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Palamenghi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, LAFAS, Laboratorio Di Anatomia Funzionale Dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Poppa
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, LAFAS, Laboratorio Di Anatomia Funzionale Dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Danilo De Angelis
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Bairagi A, Frear C, Sweeting C, Kimble R, Griffin B. A pilot study comparing two burn wound stereophotogrammetry systems in a paediatric population. Burns 2021; 48:85-90. [PMID: 33934905 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereophotogrammetry (SPG) provides a more objective measurement of burn wound area than traditional clinical assessments. The recently developed Intel® RealSense™ D415/Wound Measure SPG system has yet to undergo formal evaluation in a paediatric population. METHODS A pilot study comparing the Intel® RealSense™ D415/Wound Measure to the previously validated LifeVizII®/DermaPix® SPG system, for burn assessment was conducted at a tertiary paediatric burn centre. Both systems were used to photograph and analyse the same acute wounds for each patient. Three independent raters measured wound area and perimeter. Level of agreement between systems and raters was estimated by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient. RESULTS Wound area measurements were completed in both systems for 25 burns from 13 patients (median age, 2 years). The participants were mainly female (n = 9), with a median TBSA-B of 9% (IQR 3-20%). There was strong agreement between the systems 0.757 (95% CI 0.521, 0.885, p < 0.001). Within each SPG system, there was excellent inter-rater reliability. CONCLUSION The Intel® RealSense™ D415/Wound Measure system may be a viable addition to the clinician's toolkit in the assessment of paediatric burn wound area. As with other SPG systems, there were significant challenges measuring wounds to highly contoured surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bairagi
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Health Centre for Children's Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pegg Leditschke Children's Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Cody Frear
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Health Centre for Children's Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Roy Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Health Centre for Children's Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pegg Leditschke Children's Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn Griffin
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Health Centre for Children's Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pegg Leditschke Children's Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith University, Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Çoban G, Yavuz İ, Demirbaş AE. Three-dimensional changes in the location of soft tissue landmarks following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 82:257-265. [PMID: 33765157 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the amount of three-dimensional (3D) movement of soft tissue landmarks in patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 28 patients (11 women and 17 men), who had received one-piece Le Fort I osteotomy with maxillary advancement and impaction, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular setback. The 3D images were acquired 1-7 days before surgery and at least 6 months after surgery using stereophotogrammetry. We recorded 50 coordinate measurements and correlated the movements between soft and hard tissues. Paired samples t‑test, independent samples t‑test, and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Patients' ages ranged from 17-31 years (mean 20.4 ± 3.0 years). The mean advancement and impaction of the maxilla was 4.7 ± 1.2 and 2.2 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. The mean setback of the mandible was 4.2 ± 1.6 mm. Menton (Me) moved significantly closer to the midsagittal plane, and the bilateral alare (Al) and alar curvature (Ac) moved laterally. In addition, pronasale (Prn), bilateral Al, Ac, subnasale (Sn), subspinale (Ss), labiale superior (Ls), sublabiale (Sl), pogonion (Pog), and Me moved upwards. The bilateral cheek bone (Cbp), Al, Ac, Prn, Sn, Ss, Ls, and stomion (Sto) moved forward. Li, Sl, Pog, and Me moved backward. Interestingly, poor correlation was found between soft tissue landmarks and hard tissue movements. CONCLUSION We observed 3D coordinate changes in several soft tissue landmarks in the middle and lower thirds of the face. The results of this study may be useful for estimating postoperative changes in similar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Çoban
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Yavuz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emin Demirbaş
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Deste Gökay G, Özkan P, Durkan R, Oyar P. Measurements of surface scale changes in different denture base materials by stereophotogrammetric technique. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 15:1-6. [PMID: 33927833 PMCID: PMC8058156 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2021.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to evaluate the surface scale changes in the denture base material using different polymerization techniques, such as heat-cure/pressure polymerization system and injection molding technique with the stereophotogrammetric technique. The function of a complete denture is related to the adaptation of its base to the supporting areas. Proper adaptation of the base depends on the stability and retention of dentures. The surface scale changes of dentures during processing and in service are of great importance since they affect the denture base material's fit. Methods. This study focused on the use of a computer-assisted stereophotogrammetric method for measuring changes in the volume of three different denture base resins of an edentulous maxillary ridge. A stone master model simulating the shape of an edentulous maxillary arch was used to prepare three groups of denture base resins. The stereophotographs were evaluated to determine the surface scale differences of maxillary jaws. Results. The results showed no significant differences between the denture borders for three denture base materials (P > 0.05). Conclusion. In the evaluation made using this technique, no significant difference was found in the different polymerization techniques in terms of surface scale changes for three denture base materials. Stereophotogrammetry, especially the digital stereophotogrammetric technique, has several useful research applications in prosthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Deste Gökay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Pelin Özkan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Durkan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Perihan Oyar
- Department of Dental Prostheses Technology, Health Services Vocational High School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Conconi M, Pompili A, Sancisi N, Parenti-Castelli V. Quantification of the errors associated with marker occlusion in stereophotogrammetric systems and implications on gait analysis. J Biomech 2020; 114:110162. [PMID: 33310277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic stereophotogrammetric systems (OSSs) represent the standard for gait analysis. Despite widespread, their reported accuracy in nominal working conditions shows a variability of several orders of magnitude, ranging from few microns to several millimetres. No clear explanation for this variability has been provided yet. We hypothesized that this reflects an error affecting OSS outcomes when some of the tracked markers are totally or partially occluded. The aim of this paper is to quantify this error in static and dynamic conditions, also distinguishing between total and partial marker occlusion. A Vicon system featuring 8 cameras is employed in this study. Two camera distributions, one designed to maximize OSS accuracy and another one representative of a typical gait setup, are investigated. For both the setups, static and dynamic tests are performed, evaluating the different impact of partial and total marker occlusions. Marker occlusions significantly affected the system performances. The maximum measure variation reached 1.86 mm and 7.20 mm in static and dynamic conditions, respectively, both obtained in the case of partial occlusion. This systematic source of error is likely to affect gait measures: markers placed on the patient body are often visible only by half of the cameras, with swinging arms and legs providing moving occlusions. The maximum error observed in this study can potentially affect the kinematics outcomes of conventional gait models, particularly on frontal and coronal plane, and consequently the peak muscle forces estimated with musculoskeletal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Conconi
- Dept. Of Industrial Engineering - DIN, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Nicola Sancisi
- Dept. Of Industrial Engineering - DIN, University of Bologna, Italy
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Civak T, Ustun T, Yilmaz HN, Gursoy B. Postoperative evaluation of Er:YAG laser, piezosurgery, and rotary systems used for osteotomy in mandibular third-molar extractions. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020; 49:64-69. [PMID: 33298388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared patient postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus after usage of rotary instruments, piezosurgery, and Er:YAG lasers in mandibular third-molar extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was executed with class II and position B vertically impacted mandibular third molars. Patients were divided into three groups according to the osteotomy system used to remove retentive bone: rotary instruments, piezosurgery, and Er:YAG laser. Postoperative pain was evaluated using VAS questionnaires at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days after procedures. Trismus was evaluated by measuring the distance between the maxillary and mandibular incisors at maximum mouth opening, and comparing preoperative measurements with those for postoperative days 2 and 7. Analyses of swelling were carried out via a stereophotogrammetry system. Operation times were measured using a digital stopwatch from the initial incision to the final suture. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of pain, trismus, or swelling (p > 0.05). Pain persisted more in the rotary instrument group 24 h later (0 ± 1.3; p = 0.001). The pain scores obtained after 48 h for the piezosurgery (1.81 ± 2.29) and rotary (2.2 ± 2.12) groups were observed at 24 h in the laser group (2.19 ± 1.52). The mean operation time was highest using the laser (19.1 ± 3.85 min; p = 0.001) and lowest using rotary instruments (9.88 ± 2.97 min; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Piezosurgery and Er:YAG laser are good alternatives to rotary instrument systems in third-molar extraction, but both systems are slower than traditional rotary instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Civak
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Ustun
- Orthodontist, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanife Nuray Yilmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Gursoy
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Kyrenia, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyrenia, Cyprus
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Camomilla V, Bonci T. A joint kinematics driven model of the pelvic soft tissue artefact. J Biomech 2020; 111:109998. [PMID: 32891015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
When skin-markers trajectories are used in human movement analysis, compensating for their relative movement with respect to the underlying bone (soft tissue artefact, STA) is essential for accurate bone-pose estimation; information about the artefact is required in the form of a mathematical model. Such model, not available for pelvic artefacts, could allow pelvic STA compensation in routine gait analysis by embedding it in skeletal kinematics estimators and developing ad-hoc optimization problems for the estimate of subject-specific model parameters. It was developed as driven by adjacent body segment kinematics. Model architecture feasibility was tested; its compensation effectiveness was assessed evaluating the error in pelvic orientation after removing the modelled artefact from the measured one. Five volunteers with a wide body mass range (BMI: 22-37) underwent MRI scans to reconstruct subject-specific pelvic digital bone models. Multiple anatomical calibrations performed in different static postures, as occurring during walking and star-arc movements, registering the bone-models with points digitized through stereophotogrammetry over pelvic bony prominences, allowed to define the relevant poses of a pelvis-embedded anatomical coordinate system. Such approach allowed to measure STAs over several pelvic anatomical landmarks, for each posture and subject. Model parameters were estimated by minimizing the least squares difference between measured and modelled STAs. The measured STAs were appropriately modelled with subject-specific calibrations, both in terms of shape (correlation coefficient: median [inter-quartile-range]: 0.72 [0.36]) and amplitude (root mean square residual: 3.0 [3.2] mm). Consequently, the overall error in pelvic orientation vector (5.1 [4.4] deg) was reduced after removing the modelled artefacts (2.5 [1.9] deg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Camomilla
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Roma, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Roma, Italy.
| | - Tecla Bonci
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Roma, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Roma, Italy; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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Abstract
The article describes a dataset of gait measures acquired to validate the use of wearable sensors in gait analysis since its measurements can be compared with those provided by the stereophotogrammetric system. The comparison with a gold standard in gait analysis makes the dataset useful for the development, testing and validation of algorithms for estimating gait parameters. The dataset contains measurements simultaneously acquired by the wearable sensors and the stereophotogrammetric system during an acquisition campaign performed on 5 healthy subjects (2 females and 3 males aged between 25 and 35 years). In the acquisition campaign the involved subjects carried out a motion task wearing the wearable sensors and reflective markers of the stereophotogrammetric system. In particular, the subjects wore in each foot a wearable sensor on the instep and a reflective marker on heel, first metatarsal head, fifth metatarsal head, and above the sensor, respectively. During the motion task each subject walked over an 11-meter long walkway according to its own course. The 5 subjects involved in the acquisition campaign performed 3 repetitions of the motion task, for a total of 15 trials in where the measures collected by wearable sensors and the stereophotogrammetric system can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pierleoni
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Federica Pinti
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alberto Belli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Palma
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, Ancona 60131, Italy
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Lee SR, Lee JW, Chung DH, Lee SM. Short-term impact of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the nasal soft tissues in adults: A three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry study. Korean J Orthod 2020; 50:75-85. [PMID: 32257933 PMCID: PMC7093666 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the nasal soft tissues, including movements of landmarks, changes in linear distances, and volumetric changes, using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry after microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) in adult patients. Methods Facial data were scanned using a white light scanner before and after MARPE in 30 patients. In total, 7 mm of expansion was achieved over a 4-week expansion period. We determined 10 soft tissue landmarks using reverse engineering software and measured 3D vector changes at those points. In addition, we calculated the distances between points to determine changes in the width of the nasal soft tissues. The volumetric change in the nose was also measured. Results All landmarks except pronasale and subnasale showed statistically significant movement on the x-axis. Pronasale, subnasale, alar right, and alar left showed significant movement on the y-axis, while all landmarks except subnasale showed significant movement on the z-axis. The alar base width, alar width, and alar curvature width increased by 1.214, 0.932, and 0.987 mm, respectively. The average volumetric change was 993.33 mm3, and the amount of increase relative to the average initial volume was 2.96%. Conclusions The majority of soft tissue landmarks around the nasal region show significant positional changes after MARPE in adults. The nose tends to widen and move forward and downward. The post-treatment nasal volume may also exhibit a significant increase relative to the initial volume. Clinicians should thoroughly explain the anticipated changes to patients before MARPE initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea
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Santander P, Quast A, Hubbert J, Horn S, Meyer-Marcotty P, Küster H, Dieks JK. Three-dimensional head shape acquisition in preterm infants - Translating an orthodontic imaging procedure into neonatal care. Early Hum Dev 2019; 140:104908. [PMID: 31670175 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head shape and head volume of preterm infants give important information on short- and long-term development. Three-dimensional (3D) assessment of a preterm infant's head would therefore provide more information than currently used two-dimensional methods. AIMS To evaluate a contactless 3D imaging system to assess head shape and volume in preterm infants. METHODS A protocol for 3D imaging and reconstruction of an infant's head with a portable stereophotogrammetric camera system was developed. It was validated on a manikin by comparison to an established stationary stereophotogrammetric device. Feasibility for clinical routine and 3D data analysis were assessed in six preterm infants. RESULTS Ten 3D reconstructions from a manikin were done with ten images each taken from different angles. The accuracy of the 3D reconstruction was measured at the overlapping areas between two images. Comparing the portable to the stationary system, a high concordance was found for the 3D manikin head-reconstructions (mean difference 0.21 ± 0.03 mm). In preterm infants, digital evaluation of the head was proven to be feasible for head circumference (HC), cranial index and asymmetry indices. There was good concordance between manual and digital measurement of the HC (95% CI -0.85 to 0.38 mm). CONCLUSIONS The portable camera system allowed fast and contactless 3D image capture of a preterm infant's head without any risk or interference with neonatal care. Together with a new software, this technique would allow more precise evaluation of head growth even in very preterm infants and thereby may improve their care and long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Santander
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - A Quast
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - J Hubbert
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Horn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - P Meyer-Marcotty
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - H Küster
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - J K Dieks
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Neonatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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Au J, Mei L, Bennani F, Kang A, Farella M. Three-dimensional analysis of lip changes in response to simulated maxillary incisor advancement. Angle Orthod 2019; 90:118-124. [PMID: 31398067 DOI: 10.2319/022219-134.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the immediate response of lips in three dimensions (3D) resulting from simulated maxillary incisor advancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Incremental maxillary incisor advancement was simulated by placing wax of increasing thickness (+2 mm, +4 mm, +6 mm) on the incisors of 20 participants, and the induced lip changes were recorded using 3D stereophotogrammetry. The induced displacement of lip landmarks was quantified using 3D image analysis software. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) after adjusting for age and sex of the study participants. RESULTS A large interindividual variation in lip response to simulated incisor advancement was observed. A significant overall effect on 3D lip changes was found for increasing values of simulated incisor advancement (F = 13.2; P < .001) as well as significant differences between anatomical landmarks of the lip (F = 7.4; P < .01). Most points moved outward and anterosuperiorly, except the midpoint and corners of the lip. Greatest movement was observed in the sagittal plane, followed by the vertical and transverse planes. CONCLUSIONS Maxillary incisor advancement significantly affects upper lip change in three planes of space: particularly the anteroposterior plane, in which the response to simulated advancement appears to be nonlinear.
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Wesselius TS, Verhulst AC, Xi T, Ulrich DJO, Maal TJJ. Effect of skin tone on the accuracy of hybrid and passive stereophotogrammetry. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:1564-1569. [PMID: 31229406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) surface images acquired from stereophotogrammetry are increasingly being used to plan or evaluate treatment by plastic surgeons. Stereophotogrammetry exists in active, passive, and hybrid forms. Active and hybrid stereophotogrammetry are believed to capture darker surfaces more accurately than passive stereophotogrammetry. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether skin tone has a clinically relevant effect on the accuracy of hybrid and passive stereophotogrammetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven subjects with different skin tones were recruited. 3D-printed face and breast were spray-painted in six different colors, ranging from white to black. The skin tones and paint colors were objectified by measuring their melanin index. 3D photos of the subjects and 3D prints were acquired with hybrid and passive stereophotogrammetry. These 3D photos were matched with specialized software, and their geometric differences were calculated. RESULTS None of the 3D photos showed a clinically relevant mean inaccuracy. On the 3D prints, hybrid stereophotogrammetry resulted in a smaller standard deviation of the inaccuracies than passive stereophotogrammetry (0.20 ± 0.06 mm vs. 0.35 ± 0.07 mm, p < 0.001). Passive stereophotogrammetry yielded a correlation between the melanin index of the spray paint colors and the standard deviation of the inaccuracy (Pearson's R = 0.60, p = 0.04). On human subjects, no correlation or difference in standard deviation of the accuracy was found. CONCLUSION Skin tone does not influence the accuracy of hybrid and passive 3D stereophotogrammetry in a clinically relevant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Wesselius
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 3D Lab Radboudumc, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - A C Verhulst
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 3D Lab Radboudumc, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T Xi
- 3D Lab Radboudumc, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D J O Ulrich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T J J Maal
- 3D Lab Radboudumc, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of a low-cost portable scanner (Scanify) for imaging facial casts compared to a previously validated portable digital stereophotogrammetry device (Vectra H1). This in vitro study was performed using 2 facial casts obtained by recording impressions of the authors, at King's College London Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science. Materials and Methods The casts were marked with anthropometric landmarks, then digitised using Scanify and Vectra H1. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the same casts were performed to verify the validation of Vectra H1. The 3-dimensional (3D) images acquired with each device were compared using linear measurements and 3D surface analysis software. Results Overall, 91% of the linear Scanify measurements were within 1 mm of the corresponding reference values. The mean overall surface difference between the Scanify and Vectra images was <0.3 mm. Significant differences were detected in depth measurements. Merging multiple Scanify images produced significantly greater registration error. Conclusion Scanify is a very low-cost device that could have clinical applications for facial imaging if imaging errors could be corrected by a future software update or hardware revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Liu
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Dental Centre, Ground Floor South Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - Andreas Artopoulos
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 20, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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Ayoub F, Saadeh M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Haddad R. Stereophotogrammetric analysis of labial morphology in a young adult Middle-Eastern population. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 47:273-279. [PMID: 30594430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of previous research delineating the morphological characteristics of the orolabial region has been on Caucasian populations, with very minor research on Mediterranean populations, and none on the Lebanese population. AIM The primary aim was to collect information on the gender-specific 3D morphology of the mouth and lips in young Middle Eastern adults. The secondary aim was to explore the presence of associations between orolabial morphology and age and body mass index (BMI), and to assess correlations between linear orolabial dimensions and area/volume measures. METHODS The study used non-invasive stereophotogrammetry to collect information on gender-specific 3D labial morphology (linear distances, areas, and volumes) for 122 adult Lebanese subjects, aged 18-30 years (47 males, 75 females). Associations between labial morphology and age and body mass index were assessed, in addition to correlations between linear orolabial dimensions and area/volume measures. RESULTS All linear, angular, area, and volume lip measurements displayed significant variability. Both lip area and volume were smaller in the upper than in the lower lip. Eighteen out of the 20 linear measurements were significantly larger in males. The ratio, area, and volume measurements mostly displayed no statistically significant gender dimorphism. CONCLUSIONS Alongside presenting the first documented report on anthropometric labial measurements of a young Lebanese adult population, this research highlights the presence of gender dimorphism in linear and angular measurements, but not in area and volume measurements, and a strong association between certain linear labial measurements and lip area and volume. In addition, it presents pilot data on the association between labial anthropometry and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad Ayoub
- Department of Forensic Odontostomatology and Human Identification, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maria Saadeh
- Department of Forensic Odontostomatology and Human Identification, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hasan Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ramzi Haddad
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Abstract
Human face is a dynamic system where facial expressions can rapidly modify geometry of facial features. Facial expressions are believed to be universal across world populations, but only a few studies have explored whether grimacing is sexually dimorphic and if so to what extent. The present paper explores inter- and intra-individual variation of human facial expressions with respect to individual's sex based on a set of neutral and expression-varying 3D facial scans. The study sample composed of 20 individuals (10 males and 10 females) for whom 120 scans featuring grimaces associated with disgust, surprise, "u" sound, smile and wide smile were collected by an optical scanner Vectra XT. In order to quantify the dissimilarity among 3D images, surface comparison approach based on aligned 3D meshes and closest point-to-point distances was carried out in Fidentis Analyst application. The study revealed that sexual dimorphism was indeed one of the factors which determined the extent and characteristics of facial deformations recorded for the studied expressions. In order to produce a grimace, males showed a tendency towards extending their facial movements while females were generally more restrained. Furthermore, the facial movements linked to the wide smile and "u" sound were revealed as the most extensive relative to the other expressions, while the smile and surprise were shown indistinguishable from the neutral face.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jandová
- Laboratory of Morphology and Forensic Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - P Urbanová
- Laboratory of Morphology and Forensic Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Wong KWF, Keeling A, Achal K, Khambay B. Using three-dimensional average facial meshes to determine nasolabial soft tissue deformity in adult UCLP patients. Surgeon 2018; 17:19-27. [PMID: 29880431 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is limited literature discussing the residual nasolabial deformity of adult patients prior to undergoing orthognathic surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine the site and severity of the residual nasolabial soft tissue deformity between adult unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and a non-cleft reference group, prior to orthognathic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen adult male UCLP patients, who all received primary lip and palate surgery according to a standardised Hong Kong protocol were recruited for this study. Facial images of each individual were captured using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry and compared to a previous published Hong Kong non-cleft reference group of 48 male adults. Using two-sample t-tests differences in linear and angular measurements and asymmetry scores were evaluated between the two groups. In addition a "conformed" average UCLP facial template was superimposed and compared to conformed average non-cleft reference group facial template. Reproducibility of the measurements were assessed using Students paired t-tests and coefficients of reliability. MAIN FINDINGS Significant differences in linear and angular measurements and asymmetry scores were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Adult UCLP patients showed significantly narrower nostril floor widths, longer columella length on the unaffected side, a wider nose, shorter cutaneous lip height, shorter upper lip length and shorter philtrum length. Prior to orthognathic surgery adult UCLP patients showed significantly more facial asymmetry. Superimposition of the average facial meshes clearly showed the site and severity of the deficiency in the x, y and z-directions. CONCLUSIONS Many of the nasolabial characteristics reported to be present in children following primary UCLP repair continue into adulthood. The detrimental soft tissue effects of orthognathic surgery for UCLP patients may be different to non-cleft individuals; and as such the site and severity of the residual deformity should be assessed prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wai Frank Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew Keeling
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Leeds LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Kulraj Achal
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Leeds LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Balvinder Khambay
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong; Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
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Meyer-Marcotty P, Kunz F, Schweitzer T, Wachter B, Böhm H, Waßmuth N, Linz C. Cranial growth in infants─A longitudinal three-dimensional analysis of the first months of life. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:987-993. [PMID: 29709329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the first months of life, any deviation from a physiological growth pattern can cause skull deformity. As there has not been any longitudinal three-dimensional (3D) study investigating the physiological growth of the infant skull, the aim of the present study was to acquire such data. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed 3D stereophotogrammetric scans of 40 infants without cranial asymmetry at four regular 2-month intervals from the 4th to the 10th month of age. Six growth-related parameters (circumference, length, width, height, cephalic index [CI; width-length ratio] and total head volume) were used to analyse skull growth longitudinally. RESULTS With exception of the CI, all parameters showed significant increases, with maximum percentage growth from the 4th to the 6th month. The CI initially remained unchanged until the 6th month, before showing a significant reduction that continued throughout the study period. Male infants had larger heads than female infants, but a similar width-length ratio at all measurement times. CONCLUSION This prospective study is the first longitudinal 3D analysis to examine the physiological growth dynamics of infants' heads within the first months of life. Understanding patterns of skull growth in all three dimensions is important for gaining further insights into physiological and pathophysiological skull development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Meyer-Marcotty
- Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. Philipp Meyer-Marcotty), University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Felix Kunz
- Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Tilmann Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Wachter
- Department of Orthodontics (Head: Prof. Dr. Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer), University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Böhm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Nina Waßmuth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Pucciarelli V, Gibelli D, Barni L, Gagliano N, Dolci C, Sforza C. Assessing Normal Smiling Function Through 3D-3D Surfaces Registration: An Innovative Method for the Assessment of Facial Mimicry. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018; 42:456-63. [PMID: 29264683 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-017-1028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Smiling has a great importance, both from a functional and an aesthetic point of view. The introduction of modern 3D acquisition and elaboration methods may provide additional help in the evaluation of facial mimicry. This study aims at proposing an innovative method to assess facial and labial movements in different types of smiles. Twenty healthy subjects (10 males, 10 females, mean age 27.5 years, SD 4.5 years), were recorded through a stereophotogrammetric system in neutral position and in three types of smiles: Mona-Lisa smile, canine smile, full-denture smile. All the 3D smiling models were superimposed on the corresponding neutral one and point-to-point root mean square (RMS) differences were computed. Labial surface areas in rest position and during each smile were calculated as well, together with the percentage modification in different types of smile. RMS values (facial and labial models), labial surface areas and percentage modifications were compared through ANCOVA tests to verify possible statistically significant differences according to sex and type of smile (p < 0.05). Intercanthal labial width was considered a covariate. RMS values progressively increased from Mona-Lisa to full-denture smile; statistically significant differences were found among all types of smiles, both for facial and labial models (p < 0.05), while no statistically significant sex and sex × smile interactions were found (p > 0.05). Labial surface and percentage of modification showed statistically significant differences according to both sex and type of smile (p < 0.05). The study provides a novel contribution to the field of sexual dimorphism in smiling. Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Hortobágyi B, Corenblit D, Vautier F, Steiger J, Roussel E, Burkart A, Peiry JL. A multi-scale approach of fluvial biogeomorphic dynamics using photogrammetry. J Environ Manage 2017; 202:348-362. [PMID: 27604752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, significant technical advances turned photogrammetry into a relevant tool for the integrated analysis of biogeomorphic cross-scale interactions within vegetated fluvial corridors, which will largely contribute to the development and improvement of self-sustainable river restoration efforts. Here, we propose a cost-effective, easily reproducible approach based on stereophotogrammetry and Structure from Motion (SfM) technique to study feedbacks between fluvial geomorphology and riparian vegetation at different nested spatiotemporal scales. We combined different photogrammetric methods and thus were able to investigate biogeomorphic feedbacks at all three spatial scales (i.e., corridor, alluvial bar and micro-site) and at three different temporal scales, i.e., present, recent past and long term evolution on a diversified riparian landscape mosaic. We evaluate the performance and the limits of photogrammetric methods by targeting a set of fundamental parameters necessary to study biogeomorphic feedbacks at each of the three nested spatial scales and, when possible, propose appropriate solutions. The RMSE varies between 0.01 and 2 m depending on spatial scale and photogrammetric methods. Despite some remaining difficulties to properly apply them with current technologies under all circumstances in fluvial biogeomorphic studies, e.g. the detection of vegetation density or landform topography under a dense vegetation canopy, we suggest that photogrammetry is a promising instrument for the quantification of biogeomorphic feedbacks at nested spatial scales within river systems and for developing appropriate river management tools and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Hortobágyi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GEOLAB, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6042, GEOLAB - Laboratoire de géographie physique et environnementale, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Dov Corenblit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GEOLAB, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6042, GEOLAB - Laboratoire de géographie physique et environnementale, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck Vautier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, USR 3550, MSH, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Johannes Steiger
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GEOLAB, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6042, GEOLAB - Laboratoire de géographie physique et environnementale, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Roussel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GEOLAB, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6042, GEOLAB - Laboratoire de géographie physique et environnementale, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andreas Burkart
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Peiry
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, GEOLAB, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6042, GEOLAB - Laboratoire de géographie physique et environnementale, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Benedetti MG, Beghi E, De Tanti A, Cappozzo A, Basaglia N, Cutti AG, Cereatti A, Stagni R, Verdini F, Manca M, Fantozzi S, Mazzà C, Camomilla V, Campanini I, Castagna A, Cavazzuti L, Del Maestro M, Croce UD, Gasperi M, Leo T, Marchi P, Petrarca M, Piccinini L, Rabuffetti M, Ravaschio A, Sawacha Z, Spolaor F, Tesio L, Vannozzi G, Visintin I, Ferrarin M. SIAMOC position paper on gait analysis in clinical practice: General requirements, methods and appropriateness. Results of an Italian consensus conference. Gait Posture 2017; 58:252-260. [PMID: 28825997 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gait analysis is recognized as a useful assessment tool in the field of human movement research. However, doubts remain on its real effectiveness as a clinical tool, i.e. on its capability to change the diagnostic-therapeutic practice. In particular, the conditions in which evidence of a favorable cost-benefit ratio is found and the methodology for properly conducting and interpreting the exam are not identified clearly. To provide guidelines for the use of Gait Analysis in the context of rehabilitation medicine, SIAMOC (the Italian Society of Clinical Movement Analysis) promoted a National Consensus Conference which was held in Bologna on September 14th, 2013. The resulting recommendations were the result of a three-stage process entailing i) the preparation of working documents on specific open issues, ii) the holding of the consensus meeting, and iii) the drafting of consensus statements by an external Jury. The statements were formulated based on scientific evidence or experts' opinion, when the quality/quantity of the relevant literature was deemed insufficient. The aim of this work is to disseminate the consensus statements. These are divided into 13 questions grouped in three areas of interest: 1) General requirements and management, 2) Methodological and instrumental issues, and 3) Scientific evidence and clinical appropriateness. SIAMOC hopes that this document will contribute to improve clinical practice and help promoting further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Beghi
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Aurelio Cappozzo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Cereatti
- POLCOMING Department, Bioengineering unit, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Rita Stagni
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" - DEI Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Verdini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Manca
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Fantozzi
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" - DEI Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzà
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Valentina Camomilla
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | - Isabella Campanini
- Motion Analysis Laboratory - Rehab. Dept, AUSL Reggio Emilia and Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ugo Della Croce
- POLCOMING Department, Bioengineering unit, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Gasperi
- Ospedale Riabilitativo Villa Rosa, Azienda Provinciale Servizi Sanitari di Trento, Italy
| | - Tommaso Leo
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pia Marchi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Zimi Sawacha
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Spolaor
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Tesio
- Università degli Studi and Istituto Auxologico Italiano-IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vannozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
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Camomilla V, Cereatti A, Cutti AG, Fantozzi S, Stagni R, Vannozzi G. Methodological factors affecting joint moments estimation in clinical gait analysis: a systematic review. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:106. [PMID: 28821242 PMCID: PMC5563001 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative gait analysis can provide a description of joint kinematics and dynamics, and it is recognized as a clinically useful tool for functional assessment, diagnosis and intervention planning. Clinically interpretable parameters are estimated from quantitative measures (i.e. ground reaction forces, skin marker trajectories, etc.) through biomechanical modelling. In particular, the estimation of joint moments during motion is grounded on several modelling assumptions: (1) body segmental and joint kinematics is derived from the trajectories of markers and by modelling the human body as a kinematic chain; (2) joint resultant (net) loads are, usually, derived from force plate measurements through a model of segmental dynamics. Therefore, both measurement errors and modelling assumptions can affect the results, to an extent that also depends on the characteristics of the motor task analysed (i.e. gait speed). Errors affecting the trajectories of joint centres, the orientation of joint functional axes, the joint angular velocities, the accuracy of inertial parameters and force measurements (concurring to the definition of the dynamic model), can weigh differently in the estimation of clinically interpretable joint moments. Numerous studies addressed all these methodological aspects separately, but a critical analysis of how these aspects may affect the clinical interpretation of joint dynamics is still missing. This article aims at filling this gap through a systematic review of the literature, conducted on Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. The final objective is hence to provide clear take-home messages to guide laboratories in the estimation of joint moments for the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Camomilla
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cereatti
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Information Engineering Unit, POLCOMING Department, University of Sassari, Viale Mancini, 5, 007100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Castelfidardo, 39, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Giovanni Cutti
- Centro Protesi INAIL, Production Directorate - Applied Research, Via Rabuina 14, 40054 Vigorso di Budrio (BO), Italy
| | - Silvia Fantozzi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Stagni
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vannozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
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