Design and synthesis of new 3-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)thiazolidin-4-one analogs as Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase inhibitors

Review of Recent Advances in Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives as Promising Antitubercular Agents (2021-Present)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, exacerbated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. In the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies, thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have gained significant attention due to their structural diversity and broad-spectrum biological activities. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances (2021-present) in the synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and mechanisms of action of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as promising antitubercular agents. A detailed discussion of synthetic pathways is presented, including classical and multi-component reactions leading to various subclasses such as thiazolidine-2,4-diones, rhodanines, and pseudothiohydantoins. The SAR analysis highlights key functional groups that enhance antimycobacterial activity, such as halogen substitutions and heterocyclic linkers, while molecular docking and in vitro studies elucidate interactions with key Mtb targets including InhA, MmpL3, and DNA gyrase. Several compounds demonstrate potent inhibitory effects with MIC values lower than or comparable to first-line TB drugs, alongside favorable cytotoxicity profiles. These findings underscore the potential of thiazolidin-4-one scaffolds as a valuable platform for the development of next-generation antitubercular therapeutics.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibitors Based on Arylated Quinoline Carboxylic Acid Backbones with Anti-Mtb Gyrase Activity

New antitubercular agents with either a novel mode of action or novel mode of inhibition are urgently needed to overcome the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The present study profiles new arylated quinoline carboxylic acids (QCAs) having activity against replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. Thus, the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro screening (MABA and LORA) of 48 QCAs modified with alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halogens, and nitro groups in the quinoline ring led to the discovery of two QCA derivatives, 7i and 7m, adorned with C-2 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)/C-6 1-butyl and C-2 22-(phenanthren-3-yl)/C-6 isopropyl, respectively, as the best Mtb inhibitors. DNA gyrase inhibition was shown to be exhibited by both, with QCA 7m illustrating better activity up to a 1 μM test concentration. Finally, a docking model for both compounds with Mtb DNA gyrase was developed, and it showed a good correlation with in vitro results.

Molecular dynamic simulations based discovery and development of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as EGFR inhibitors targeting resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Targeting kinases with oncogenic driver mutations in malignancies with allosteric kinase inhibitors is a promising new treatment technique. EGFR inhibitors targeting the L858R/T790M/C797S mutation bearing thiazolidine-4-one scaffold were discovered, optimized, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. According to in silico and in vitro studies, compounds 6a and 6b resulted to be highly potent with IC₅₀ values of 120 nM and 134 nM and good selectivity. Compound 6a displayed significant antioxidant activity, with a DPPH radical scavenging value of 92.15%. The potency of compounds was also compared with ADMET and molecular dynamics simulations study. A comparative simulation of model protein and protein-ligand complex in presence and absence of compound 6a has been carried out. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.