1
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Noguera-Castells A, Campillo-Marcos I, Davalos V, García-Prieto CA, Valcárcel D, Molero A, Palomo L, Gattermann N, Wulfert M, Chaparro-González L, Solé F, Cabezón M, Jiménez-Lorenzo MJ, Xicoy B, Zamora L, De Stefano A, Casalin I, Finelli C, Follo MY, Esteller M. DNA methylation profiling of myelodysplastic syndromes and clinical response to azacitidine: A multicentre retrospective study. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1838-1843. [PMID: 38471524 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Real-world data have revealed that a substantial portion of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) does not respond to epigenetic therapy with hypomethylating agents (HMAs). The cellular and molecular reasons for this resistance to the demethylating agent and biomarkers that would be able to predict the treatment refractoriness are largely unknown. In this study, we shed light on this enigma by characterizing the epigenomic profiles of patients with MDS treated with azacitidine. Our approach provides a comprehensive view of the evolving DNA methylation architecture of the disease and holds great potential for advancing our understanding of MDS treatment responses to HMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Noguera-Castells
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Campillo-Marcos
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos A García-Prieto
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Valcárcel
- Department of Hematology, Experimental Hematology Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonieta Molero
- Department of Hematology, Experimental Hematology Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Palomo
- Department of Hematology, Experimental Hematology Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norbert Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Cancer Center, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Wulfert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Cancer Center, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lorea Chaparro-González
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Solé
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Cabezón
- Department of Hematology, ICO-IJC-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Myeloid neoplasms Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María J Jiménez-Lorenzo
- Department of Hematology, ICO-IJC-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Myeloid neoplasms Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Blanca Xicoy
- Department of Hematology, ICO-IJC-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Myeloid neoplasms Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lurdes Zamora
- Department of Hematology, ICO-IJC-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Myeloid neoplasms Research Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alessia De Stefano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Casalin
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Gill H. Adding the epigenomic signature to the prognostic jigsaw of myelodysplastic neoplasm? Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1577-1578. [PMID: 38563073 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Defining mechanisms of resistance to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and biomarkers predictive of treatment response remains challenging in myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS). Currently available prognostic tools that predict overall survival and transformation to acute myeloid leukaemia have not been powered to predict responses to HMAs. Noguera-Castells et al. comprehensively characterized the epigenomic profile in patients with MDS treated with azacitidine and described a methylation signature-based prognostic tool in predicting responses to azacitidine. Commentary on: Noguera-Castells et al. DNA methylation profiling of myelodysplastic syndromes and clinical response to azacitidine: a multicentre retrospective study. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1838-1843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Gill
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Casalin I, Ceneri E, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear Phospholipids and Signaling: An Update of the Story. Cells 2024; 13:713. [PMID: 38667329 PMCID: PMC11048846 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, the presence of phospholipids in the nucleus has been shown and thoroughly investigated. A considerable amount of interest has been raised about nuclear inositol lipids, mainly because of their role in signaling acting. Here, we review the main issues of nuclear phospholipid localization and the role of nuclear inositol lipids and their related enzymes in cellular signaling, both in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (E.C.); (S.R.); (L.M.); (M.Y.F.)
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4
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Zeng X, Wang Y, Dai M, Li W, Huang Q, Qin L, Li Y, Yan Y, Xue X, Yi F, Li W, He L, Liu Q, Qi L. Single-cell transcriptomics dissects the transcriptome alterations of hematopoietic stem cells in myelodysplastic neoplasms. J Transl Med 2024; 22:359. [PMID: 38632656 PMCID: PMC11022353 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are myeloid neoplasms characterized by disordered differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and a predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underline pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS In this study, the trajectory of differentiation and mechanisms of leukemic transformation were explored through bioinformatics analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq data from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in MDS patients. RESULTS Among the HSPC clusters, the proportion of common myeloid progenitor (CMP) was the main cell cluster in the patients with excess blasts (EB)/ secondary AML. Cell cycle analysis indicated the CMP of MDS patients were in an active proliferative state. The genes involved in the cell proliferation, such as MAML3 and PLCB1, were up-regulated in MDS CMP. Further validation analysis indicated that the expression levels of MAML3 and PLCB1 in patients with MDS-EB were significantly higher than those without EB. Patients with high expression of PLCB1 had a higher risk of transformation to AML. PLCB1 inhibitor can suppress proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest, and activate apoptosis of leukemic cells in vitro. CONCLUSION This study revealed the transcriptomic change of HSPCs in MDS patients along the pseudotime and indicated that PLCB1 plays a key role in the transformation of MDS into leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzong Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Qingtian Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Lingsha Qin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yuquan Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yanwen Yan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Xiangjun Xue
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Fang Yi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Langyu He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
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Casalin I, De Stefano A, Ceneri E, Cappellini A, Finelli C, Curti A, Paolini S, Parisi S, Zannoni L, Boultwood J, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Ramazzotti G, Fiume R, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Deciphering signaling pathways in hematopoietic stem cells: the molecular complexity of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and leukemic progression. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101014. [PMID: 38242820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2024.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic Syndromes, a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders, are characterized by abnormalities in phosphoinositide-dependent signaling, epigenetic regulators, apoptosis, and cytokine interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment, contributing to disease pathogenesis and neoplastic growth. Comprehensive knowledge of these pathways is crucial for the development of innovative therapies that aim to restore normal apoptosis and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Casalin
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessia De Stefano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ceneri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna - Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna - Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna - Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna - Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Zannoni
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna - Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Cellular Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Mongiorgi S, De Stefano A, Ratti S, Indio V, Astolfi A, Casalin I, Pellagatti A, Paolini S, Parisi S, Cavo M, Pession A, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Manzoli L, Boultwood J, Finelli C, Cocco L, Follo MY. A miRNA screening identifies miR-192-5p as associated with response to azacitidine and lenalidomide therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:27. [PMID: 36803590 PMCID: PMC9940408 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are linked to cancer development and progression. miRNA profiles are currently studied as new prognostic factors or therapeutic perspectives. Among hematological cancers, myelodysplastic syndromes at higher risk of evolution into acute myeloid leukemia are treated with hypomethylating agents, like azacitidine, alone or in combination with other drugs, such as lenalidomide. Recent data showed that, during azacitidine and lenalidomide therapy, the concurrent acquisition of specific point mutations affecting inositide signalling pathways is associated with lack or loss of response to therapy. As these molecules are implicated in epigenetic processes, possibly involving miRNA regulation, and in leukemic progression, through the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, here we performed a new miRNA expression analysis of 26 high-risk patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with azacitidine and lenalidomide at baseline and during therapy. miRNA array data were processed, and bioinformatic results were correlated with clinical outcome to investigate the translational relevance of selected miRNAs, while the relationship between selected miRNAs and specific molecules was experimentally tested and proven. RESULTS Patients' overall response rate was 76.9% (20/26 cases): complete remission (5/26, 19.2%), partial remission (1/26, 3.8%), marrow complete remission (2/26, 7.7%), hematologic improvement (6/26, 23.1%), hematologic improvement with marrow complete remission (6/26, 23.1%), whereas 6/26 patients (23.1%) had a stable disease. miRNA paired analysis showed a statistically significant up-regulation of miR-192-5p after 4 cycles of therapy (vs baseline), that was confirmed by real-time PCR analyses, along with an involvement of BCL2, that was proven to be a miR-192-5p target in hematopoietic cells by luciferase assays. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analyses showed a significant correlation between high levels of miR-192-5p after 4 cycles of therapy and overall survival or leukemia-free survival, that was stronger in responders, as compared with patients early losing response and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that high levels of miR-192-5p are associated with higher overall survival and leukemia-free survival in myelodysplastic syndromes responding to azacitidine and lenalidomide. Moreover, miR-192-5p specifically targets and inhibits BCL2, possibly regulating proliferation and apoptosis and leading to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia De Stefano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Casalin
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stefania Paolini
- IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Institute of Hematology " L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Parisi
- IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Institute of Hematology " L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Institute of Hematology " L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Division of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Carlo Finelli
- IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Institute of Hematology " L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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De Stefano A, Marvi MV, Fazio A, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Ratti S, Ramazzotti G, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Advances in MDS/AML and inositide signalling. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100955. [PMID: 36706610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling pathways regulating proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can contribute to disease pathogenesis and neoplastic growth. Phosphoinositides (PIs) are inositol phospholipids that are implicated in the regulation of critical signaling pathways: aberrant regulation of Phospholipase C (PLC) beta1, PLCgamma1 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway play essential roles in the pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia De Stefano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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8
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Bouchla A, Thomopoulos TP, Papageorgiou SG, Apostolopoulou C, Loucari C, Mpazani E, Pappa V. Predicting outcome in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients treated with azacitidine. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1129-1143. [PMID: 34291653 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Azacitidine (5-AZA) is widely used for the treatment of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. However, response and survival rates vary considerably, while indicated treatment duration remains undefined. For these reasons, factors determining response and survival are of major importance. Clinical, morphological, flow cytometry, cytogenetic and molecular factors are discussed in this review. Biomarkers predictive of response and prognosis, as well as their link to the mode of action of 5-AZA are also addressed, shifting the focus from clinical practice to investigational research. Their use could further improve prognostic classification of 5-AZA treated higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Bouchla
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Unit Hematology Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas P Thomopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Unit Hematology Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Unit Hematology Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Apostolopoulou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Unit Hematology Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Loucari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Unit Hematology Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia Mpazani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Unit Hematology Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine & Research Unit Hematology Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Rimini, 12462 Chaidari, Athens, Greece
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Ratti S, Evangelisti C, Mongiorgi S, De Stefano A, Fazio A, Bonomini F, Follo MY, Faenza I, Manzoli L, Sheth B, Vidalle MC, Kimber ST, Divecha N, Cocco L, Fiume R. "Modulating Phosphoinositide Profiles as a Roadmap for Treatment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Front Oncol 2021; 11:678824. [PMID: 34109125 PMCID: PMC8181149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) and their modulating enzymes are involved in regulating many important cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation or gene expression, and their deregulation is involved in human diseases such as metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Given that PPIns regulating enzymes are highly druggable targets, several studies have recently highlighted the potential of targeting them in AML. For instance many inhibitors targeting the PI3K pathway are in various stages of clinical development and more recently other novel enzymes such as PIP4K2A have been implicated as AML targets. PPIns have distinct subcellular organelle profiles, in part driven by the specific localisation of enzymes that metabolise them. In particular, in the nucleus, PPIns are regulated in response to various extracellular and intracellular pathways and interact with specific nuclear proteins to control epigenetic cell state. While AML does not normally manifest with as many mutations as other cancers, it does appear in large part to be a disease of dysregulation of epigenetic signalling and many novel therapeutics are aimed at reprogramming AML cells toward a differentiated cell state or to one that is responsive to alternative successful but limited AML therapies such as ATRA. Here, we propose that by combining bioinformatic analysis with inhibition of PPIns pathways, especially within the nucleus, we might discover new combination therapies aimed at reprogramming transcriptional output to attenuate uncontrolled AML cell growth. Furthermore, we outline how different part of a PPIns signalling unit might be targeted to control selective outputs that might engender more specific and therefore less toxic inhibitory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia De Stefano
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bhavwanti Sheth
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena C Vidalle
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Scott T Kimber
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nullin Divecha
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Bond DR, Lee HJ, Enjeti AK. Unravelling the Epigenome of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Response to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3128. [PMID: 33114584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a type of blood cancer that mostly affects older individuals. Invasive tests to obtain bone samples are used to diagnose MDS and many patients do not respond to therapy or stop responding to therapy in the short-term. Less invasive tests to help diagnose, prognosticate, and predict response of patients is a felt need. Factors that influence gene expression without changing the DNA sequence (epigenetic modifiers) such as DNA methylation, micro-RNAs and long-coding RNAs play an important role in MDS, are potential biomarkers and may also serve as targets for therapy. Abstract Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignancy that disrupts normal blood cell production and commonly affects our ageing population. MDS patients are diagnosed using an invasive bone marrow biopsy and high-risk MDS patients are treated with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) such as decitabine and azacytidine. However, these therapies are only effective in 50% of patients, and many develop resistance to therapy, often resulting in bone marrow failure or leukemic transformation. Therefore, there is a strong need for less invasive, diagnostic tests for MDS, novel markers that can predict response to therapy and/or patient prognosis to aid treatment stratification, as well as new and effective therapeutics to enhance patient quality of life and survival. Epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methylation, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are perturbed in MDS blasts and the bone marrow micro-environment, influencing disease progression and response to therapy. This review focusses on the potential utility of epigenetic modifiers in aiding diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment response in MDS, and touches on the need for extensive and collaborative research using single-cell technologies and multi-omics to test the clinical utility of epigenetic markers for MDS patients in the future.
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11
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Cappellini A, Mongiorgi S, Finelli C, Fazio A, Ratti S, Marvi MV, Curti A, Salvestrini V, Pellagatti A, Billi AM, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Boultwood J, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Phospholipase C beta1 (PI-PLCbeta1)/Cyclin D3/protein kinase C (PKC) alpha signaling modulation during iron-induced oxidative stress in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). FASEB J 2020; 34:15400-15416. [PMID: 32959428 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000933rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MDS are characterized by anemia and transfusion requirements. Transfused patients frequently show iron overload that negatively affects hematopoiesis. Iron chelation therapy can be effective in these MDS cases, but the molecular consequences of this treatment need to be further investigated. That is why we studied the molecular features of iron effect and Deferasirox therapy on PI-PLCbeta1 inositide signaling, using hematopoietic cells and MDS samples. At baseline, MDS patients showing a positive response after iron chelation therapy displayed higher levels of PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression. During treatment, these responder patients, as well as hematopoietic cells treated with FeCl3 and Deferasirox, showed a specific reduction of PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression, indicating that this signaling pathway is targeted by Deferasirox. The treatment was also able to specifically decrease the production of ROS. This effect correlated with a reduction of IL-1A and IL-2, as well as Akt/mTOR phosphorylation. In contrast, cells exposed only to FeCl3 and cells from MDS patients refractory to Deferasirox showed a specific increase of ROS and PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression. All in all, our data show that PI-PLCbeta1 signaling is a target for iron-induced oxidative stress and suggest that baseline PI-PLCbeta1 quantification could predict iron chelation therapy response in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cappellini
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Ratti S, Mongiorgi S, Rusciano I, Manzoli L, Follo MY. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and phospholipase C-beta signalling: Roles and possible interactions in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2020; 1867:118649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Follo MY, Pellagatti A, Ratti S, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Mongiorgi S, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Manzoli L, Boultwood J, Cocco L. Recent advances in MDS mutation landscape: Splicing and signalling. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100673. [PMID: 31711974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent cytogenetic aberrations, genetic mutations and variable gene expression have been consistently recognized in solid cancers and in leukaemia, including in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Besides conventional cytogenetics, the growing accessibility of new techniques has led to a deeper analysis of the molecular significance of genetic variations. Indeed, gene mutations affecting splicing genes, as well as genes implicated in essential signalling pathways, play a pivotal role in MDS physiology and pathophysiology, representing potential new molecular targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Scorilas A, Gonçalves AC, Efferth T, Trougakos IP. The emergence of drug resistance to targeted cancer therapies: Clinical evidence. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 47:100646. [PMID: 31733611 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For many decades classical anti-tumor therapies included chemotherapy, radiation and surgery; however, in the last two decades, following the identification of the genomic drivers and main hallmarks of cancer, the introduction of therapies that target specific tumor-promoting oncogenic or non-oncogenic pathways, has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. Despite the significant progress in cancer therapy, clinical oncologists are often facing the primary impediment of anticancer drug resistance, as many cancer patients display either intrinsic chemoresistance from the very beginning of the therapy or after initial responses and upon repeated drug treatment cycles, acquired drug resistance develops and thus relapse emerges, resulting in increased mortality. Our attempts to understand the molecular basis underlying these drug resistance phenotypes in pre-clinical models and patient specimens revealed the extreme plasticity and adaptive pathways employed by tumor cells, being under sustained stress and extensive genomic/proteomic instability due to the applied therapeutic regimens. Subsequent efforts have yielded more effective inhibitors and combinatorial approaches (e.g. the use of specific pharmacologic inhibitors with immunotherapy) that exhibit synergistic effects against tumor cells, hence enhancing therapeutic indices. Furthermore, new advanced methodologies that allow for the early detection of genetic/epigenetic alterations that lead to drug chemoresistance and prospective validation of biomarkers which identify patients that will benefit from certain drug classes, have started to improve the clinical outcome. This review discusses emerging principles of drug resistance to cancer therapies targeting a wide array of oncogenic kinases, along with hedgehog pathway and the proteasome and apoptotic inducers, as well as epigenetic and metabolic modulators. We further discuss mechanisms of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors, potential biomarkers of drug response/drug resistance, along with possible new therapeutic avenues for the clinicians to combat devastating drug resistant malignancies. It is foreseen that these topics will be major areas of focused multidisciplinary translational research in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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15
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Wang X, Huang K, Zeng X, Liu Z, Liao X, Yang C, Yu T, Han C, Zhu G, Qin W, Peng T. Diagnostic and prognostic value of mRNA expression of phospholipase C β family genes in hepatitis B virus‑associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2855-2875. [PMID: 30896816 PMCID: PMC6448089 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Four phospholipase C β (PLCB) isoforms, PLCB1, PLCB2, PLCB3 and PLCB4, have been previously investigated regarding their roles in the metabolism of inositol lipids and cancer. The present study aimed to explore the association between PLCB1-4 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Data from 212 patients with hepatitis B virus-associated HCC were used to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic significance of PLCB genes in. A nomogram predicted the survival probability. Gene set enrichment analysis explored gene ontology terms and the metabolic pathways associated with PLCB genes. Validation of the prognostic values of PLCB genes was performed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis website. PLCB1 and PLCB2 were revealed to have diagnostic value for HCC (0.869 and 0.836 area under the curve, respectively; both P≤0.05). The combination analysis of these genes had an advantage over each alone (0.905 PLCB1 and PLCB2, and 0.877 PLCB1 and PLCB3 area under the curve; P≤0.05). PLCB1 was associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; adjusted P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively). A nomogram predicted survival probability of patients with HCC at 1, 3- and 5-years. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that PLCB1 and PLCB2 are involved in the cell cycle, cell division and the PPAR signaling pathway, among other functions. Validation using GEPIA revealed that PLCB1 and PLCB2 were associated with OS and PLCB1 and PLCB4 were associated with RFS. PLCB1 and PLCB2 exhibited diagnostic value for HCC and their combination had an advantage over each individually. PLCB1 has OS and RFS prognostic value for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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16
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Follo MY, Pellagatti A, Armstrong RN, Ratti S, Mongiorgi S, De Fanti S, Bochicchio MT, Russo D, Gobbi M, Miglino M, Parisi S, Martinelli G, Cavo M, Luiselli D, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Manzoli L, Boultwood J, Finelli C, Cocco L. Response of high-risk MDS to azacitidine and lenalidomide is impacted by baseline and acquired mutations in a cluster of three inositide-specific genes. Leukemia 2019; 33:2276-90. [PMID: 30787430 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specific myeloid-related and inositide-specific gene mutations can be linked to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) pathogenesis and therapy. Here, 44 higher-risk MDS patients were treated with azacitidine and lenalidomide and mutations analyses were performed at baseline and during the therapy. Results were then correlated to clinical outcome, overall survival (OS), leukemia-free-survival (LFS) and response to therapy. Collectively, 34/44 patients were considered evaluable for response, with an overall response rate of 76.25% (26/34 cases): 17 patients showed a durable response, 9 patients early lost response and 8 patients never responded. The most frequently mutated genes were ASXL1, TET2, RUNX1, and SRSF2. All patients early losing response, as well as cases never responding, acquired the same 3 point mutations during therapy, affecting respectively PIK3CD (D133E), AKT3 (D280G), and PLCG2 (Q548R) genes, that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed that this mutated cluster was significantly associated with a shorter OS, LFS, and duration of response. All in all, a common mutated cluster affecting 3 inositide-specific genes is significantly associated with loss of response to azacitidine and lenalidomide therapy in higher risk MDS. Further studies are warranted to confirm these data and to further analyze the functional role of this 3-gene cluster.
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17
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Follo MY, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Mongiorgi S, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Cocco L. Inositide-Dependent Nuclear Signalling in Health and Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:291-308. [PMID: 31889219 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear inositides have a specific subcellular distribution that is linked to specific functions; thus their regulation is fundamental both in health and disease. Emerging evidence shows that alterations in multiple inositide signalling pathways are involved in pathophysiology, not only in cancer but also in other diseases. Here, we give an overview of the main features of inositides in the cell, and we discuss their potential as new molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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18
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Ratti S, Follo MY, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Manzoli L, Cocco L. Nuclear phospholipase C isoenzyme imbalance leads to pathologies in brain, hematologic, neuromuscular, and fertility disorders. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:312-317. [PMID: 30287524 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r089763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) are involved in signaling pathways related to critical cellular functions, such as cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, and gene expression. Nuclear PI-PLCs have been studied as key enzymes, molecular targets, and clinical prognostic/diagnostic factors in many physiopathologic processes. Here, we summarize the main studies about nuclear PI-PLCs, specifically, the imbalance of isozymes such as PI-PLCβ1 and PI-PLCζ, in cerebral, hematologic, neuromuscular, and fertility disorders. PI-PLCβ1 and PI-PLCɣ1 affect epilepsy, depression, and bipolar disorder. In the brain, PI-PLCβ1 is involved in endocannabinoid neuronal excitability and is a potentially novel signature gene for subtypes of high-grade glioma. An altered quality or quantity of PI-PLCζ contributes to sperm defects that result in infertility, and PI-PLCβ1 aberrant inositide signaling contributes to both hematologic and degenerative muscle diseases. Understanding the mechanisms behind PI-PLC involvement in human pathologies may help identify new strategies for personalized therapies of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Wang H, Li Y, Lv N, Li Y, Wang L, Yu L. Predictors of clinical responses to hypomethylating agents in acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2025-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Poli A, Ratti S, Finelli C, Mongiorgi S, Clissa C, Lonetti A, Cappellini A, Catozzi A, Barraco M, Suh PG, Manzoli L, McCubrey JA, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear translocation of PKC-α is associated with cell cycle arrest and erythroid differentiation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). FASEB J 2018; 32:681-692. [PMID: 28970249 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700690r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PI-PLCβ1 is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) pathogenesis. Moreover, the increased activity of PI-PLCβ1 reduces the expression of PKC-α, which, in turn, delays the cell proliferation and is linked to erythropoiesis. Lenalidomide is currently used in low-risk patients with MDS and del(5q), where it can suppress the del(5q) clone and restore normal erythropoiesis. In this study, we analyzed the effect of lenalidomide on 16 patients with low-risk del(5q) MDS, as well as del(5q) and non-del(5q) hematopoietic cell lines, mainly focusing on erythropoiesis, cell cycle, and PI-PLCβ1/PKC-α signaling. Overall, 11 patients were evaluated clinically, and 10 (90%) had favorable responses; the remaining case had a stable disease. At a molecular level, both responder patients and del(5q) cells showed a specific induction of erythropoiesis, with a reduced γ/β-globin ratio, an increase in glycophorin A, and a nuclear translocation of PKC-α. Moreover, lenalidomide could induce a selective G0/G1 arrest of the cell cycle in del(5q) cells, slowing down the rate proliferation in those cells. Altogether, our results could not only better explain the role of PI-PLCβ1/PKC-α signaling in erythropoiesis but also lead to a better comprehension of the lenalidomide effect on del(5q) MDS and pave the way to innovative, targeted therapies.-Poli, A., Ratti, S., Finelli, C., Mongiorgi, S., Clissa, C., Lonetti, A., Cappellini, A., Catozzi, A., Barraco, M., Suh, P.-G., Manzoli, L., McCubrey, J. A., Cocco, L., Follo, M. Y. Nuclear translocation of PKC-α is associated with cell cycle arrest and erythroid differentiation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Fondazione Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- L. and E. Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Lalla Seràgnoli, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Clissa
- L. and E. Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Lalla Seràgnoli, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, San Salvatore Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Lalla Seràgnoli Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Human Social Sciences and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Alessia Catozzi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Barraco
- L. and E. Seràgnoli Institute of Hematology, Lalla Seràgnoli, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e NeuroMotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Parisi S, Ratti S, Mongiorgi S, Suh PG, Manzoli L, McCubrey JA, Cocco L, Follo MY, Finelli C. Current therapy and new drugs: a road to personalized treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2018.1419820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Parisi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y. Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology “L. e A. Seràgnoli”, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Ratti S, Ramazzotti G, Faenza I, Fiume R, Mongiorgi S, Billi AM, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear inositide signaling and cell cycle. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 67:1-6. [PMID: 29102395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are responsible for several signaling pathways related to many cellular functions, such as cell cycle regulation at different check-points, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, membrane trafficking and gene expression. PI metabolism is not only present at the cytoplasmic level, but also at the nuclear one, where different signaling pathways affect essential nuclear mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. In this review we focus on nuclear inositide signaling in relation to cell cycle regulation. Many evidences underline the pivotal role of nuclear inositide signaling in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation associated to different strategic physiopathological mechanisms in several cell systems and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, MS#629, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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23
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Romano A, Giallongo C, La Cava P, Parrinello NL, Chiechi A, Vetro C, Tibullo D, Di Raimondo F, Liotta LA, Espina V, Palumbo GA. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Autophagy as Pro-Survival Pathway Elicited by Long-Term Exposure with 5-Azacitidine in High-Risk Myelodysplasia. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:204. [PMID: 28491035 PMCID: PMC5405131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Azacytidine (5-AZA) is the standard first-choice treatment for high-risk myelodysplasia (MDS) patients. However, the clinical outcome for those patients who interrupt treatment or whose disease failed to respond is very poor. In order to identify the cellular pathways that are modified by long-term exposure to 5-AZA, we evaluated key proteins associated with the autophagy pathway by reverse-phase microarray (RPPA). Comparing bone marrow mononucleated cells (BMMCs) obtained from 20 newly-diagnosed patients and after four 5-AZA cycles we found an increased autophagy signaling. We then evaluated ex-vivo the effect of the combination of 5-AZA with autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ) and leupeptin. Since 5-AZA and CQ showed synergism due to an increase of basal autophagy after 5-AZA exposure, we adopted a sequential treatment treating BMMCs with 5 μM 5-AZA for 72 h followed by 10 μM CQ for 24 h and found increased apoptosis, associated to a reduction of G2M phase and increase in G0-G1 phase. Long-term exposure to 5-AZA induced the reduction of the autophagic marker SQSTM1/p62, reversible by CQ or leupeptin exposure. In conclusion, we identified autophagy as a compensatory pathway occurring in MDS-BM after long-term exposure to 5-AZA and we provided evidences that a sequential treatment of 5-AZA followed by CQ could improve 5-AZA efficacy, providing novel insight for tailored therapy in MDS patients progressing after 5-AZA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romano
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy.,Scuola Superiore di CataniaCatania, Italy.,Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Chiechi
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Calogero Vetro
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy.,Scuola Superiore di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy.,Scuola Superiore di CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Lance A Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason UniversityManassas, VA, USA
| | - Giuseppe A Palumbo
- Divisione di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico UniversitariaCatania, Italy
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24
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Ratti S, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Follo MY, Mariani GA, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Cocco L, Manzoli L. Nuclear Inositide Signaling Via Phospholipase C. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1969-1978. [PMID: 28106288 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The existence of an independent nuclear inositide pathway distinct from the cytoplasmic one has been demonstrated in different physiological systems and in diseases. In this prospect we analyze the role of PI-PLCβ1 nuclear isoform in relation to the cell cycle regulation, the cell differentiation, and different physiopathological pathways focusing on the importance of the nuclear localization from both molecular and clinical point of view. PI-PLCβ1 is essential for G1/S transition through DAG and Cyclin D3 and plays also a central role in G2/M progression through Cyclin B1 and PKCα. In the differentiation process of C2C12 cells PI-PLCβ1 increases in both myogenic differentiation and osteogenic differentiation. PI-PLCβ1 and Cyclin D3 reduction has been observed in Myotonic Dystrophy (DM) suggesting a pivotal role of these enzymes in DM physiopathology. PI-PLCβ1 is also involved in adipogenesis through a double phase mechanism. Moreover, PI-PLCβ1 plays a key role in the normal hematopoietic differentiation where it seems to decrease in erythroid differentiation and increase in myeloid differentiation. In Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) PI-PLCβ1 has a genetic and epigenetic relevance and it is related to MDS patients' risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) evolution. In MDS patients PI-PLCβ1 seems to be also a therapeutic predictive outcome marker. In the central nervous system, PI-PLCβ1 seems to be involved in different pathways in both brain cortex development and synaptic plasticity related to different diseases. Another PI-PLC isozyme that could be related to nuclear activities is PI-PLCζ that is involved in infertility processes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1969-1978, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia A Mariani
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville 27834, North Carolina
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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25
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Poli A, Fiume R, Baldanzi G, Capello D, Ratti S, Gesi M, Manzoli L, Graziani A, Suh PG, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear Localization of Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in K562 Cells Is Involved in Cell Cycle Progression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2550-2557. [PMID: 27731506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling is an essential regulator of cell motility and proliferation. A portion of PI metabolism and signaling takes place in the nuclear compartment of eukaryotic cells, where an array of kinases and phosphatases localize and modulate PI. Among these, Diacylglycerol Kinases (DGKs) are a class of phosphotransferases that phosphorylate diacylglycerol and induce the synthesis of phosphatidic acid. Nuclear DGKalpha modulates cell cycle progression, and its activity or expression can lead to changes in the phosphorylated status of the Retinoblastoma protein, thus, impairing G1/S transition and, subsequently, inducing cell cycle arrest, which is often uncoupled with apoptosis or autophagy induction. Here we report for the first time not only that the DGKalpha isoform is highly expressed in the nuclei of human erythroleukemia cell line K562, but also that its nuclear activity drives K562 cells through the G1/S transition during cell cycle progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2550-2557, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Li J, Zhao X, Wang D, He W, Zhang S, Cao W, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhou S, Luo K. Up-regulated expression of phospholipase C, β1 is associated with tumor cell proliferation and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1697-706. [PMID: 27051304 PMCID: PMC4807949 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase C, β1 (PLCB1) plays critical roles in intracellular transduction and regulating signal activation which are important to tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of PLCB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. This study aims to investigate whether its expression is associated with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients with HCC. Methods Immunohistochemistry on two tissue microarrays containing 141 cases of HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were performed to analyze the correlation between PLCB1 expression and clinicopathological features. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were performed to determine the PLCB1 expression in HCC prognosis. Furthermore, effects of PLCB1 on proliferation of HCC cells were explored using a colony formation assay and apoptosis assay. Results We identified that PLCB1 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than that in adjacent non-tumorous tissues and associated with advanced tumor stage. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with PLCB1-positive tumors had poorer survival than the patients with PLCB1-negative tumors. In multivariate analyses, PLCB1 expression was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, overexpression of PLCB1 in HCC cells promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, while knocking down PLCB1 reduced cell viability in vitro. Further investigation found that activation of ERK signaling might involve in PLCB1-mediated cell growth. Conclusion Our study suggests that PLCB1 promotes the progression of HCC and can be served as an independent prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuya Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhi Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijian Luo
- Department of Oncology, GuiZhou Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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27
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Cocco L, Manzoli L, Faenza I, Ramazzotti G, Yang YR, McCubrey JA, Suh PG, Follo MY. Modulation of nuclear PI-PLCbeta1 during cell differentiation. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 60:1-5. [PMID: 26525203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PI-PLCbeta1 plays an important role in cell differentiation, and particularly in myogenesis, osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. Indeed, the increase of PI-PLCbeta1, along with Cyclin D3, has been detected in C2C12 mouse myoblasts induced to differentiate, as well as in human cells obtained from myotonic dystrophy. Also in the case of osteogenic differentiation there is a specific induction of PI-PLCbeta1, but in this case the role of PI-PLCbeta1 seems to be independent from Cyclin D3, so that a different mechanism could be involved. As for the hematopoietic system, PI-PLCbeta1 has a peculiar behavior: it increases during myeloid differentiation and decreases during erythroid differentiation, thus confirming the role of PI-PLCbeta1 as a modulator of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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28
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Miltiades P, Lamprianidou E, Vassilakopoulos TP, Papageorgiou SG, Galanopoulos AG, Kontos CK, Adamopoulos PG, Nakou E, Vakalopoulou S, Garypidou V, Papaioannou M, Hatjiharissi E, Papadaki HA, Spanoudakis E, Pappa V, Scorilas A, Tsatalas C, Kotsianidis I. The Stat3/5 Signaling Biosignature in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Predicts Response and Outcome in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients Treated with Azacitidine. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1958-68. [PMID: 26700206 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Azacitidine is the mainstay of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) therapy, but molecular predictors of response and the mechanisms of resistance to azacitidine remain largely unidentified. Deregulation of signaling via Stat3 and Stat5 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with aggressive disease. Numerous genes involved in cell signaling are aberrantly methylated in MDS, yet the alterations and the effect of azacitidine treatment on Stat3/5 signaling in high-risk MDS have not been explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We assessed longitudinally constitutive and ligand-induced phospho-Stat3/5 signaling responses by multiparametric flow cytometry in 74 patients with MDS and low blast count AML undergoing azacitidine therapy. Pretreatment Stat3/5 signaling profiles in CD34(+)cells were grouped by unsupervised clustering. The differentiation stage and the molecular properties of the CD34(+)G-CSF-inducible Stat3/5 double-positive subpopulation were performed by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR in isolated MDS progenitors. RESULTS The pretreatment Stat3/5 signaling profiles in CD34(+)cells correlated strongly with response and cytogenetics and independently predicted event-free survival. We further identified a CD34(+)G-CSF-inducible Stat3/5 double-positive subpopulation (DP subset) whose pretreatment levels were inversely associated with treatment response and cytogenetics. The kinetics of the DP subset followed the response to azacitidine and the disease course, whereas its molecular characteristics and cellular hierarchy were consistent with a leukemia propagating cell phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a novel link among Stat3/5 signaling and MDS pathobiology and suggest that the Stat3/5 signaling biosignature may serve as both a response biomarker and treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Miltiades
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nakou
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofia Vakalopoulou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilia Garypidou
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Department of Haematology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdoxia Hatjiharissi
- Department of Hematology, Theageneion Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuil Spanoudakis
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Kotsianidis
- Department of Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Mongiorgi S, Finelli C, Yang YR, Clissa C, McCubrey JA, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Suh PG, Cocco L, Follo MY. Inositide-dependent signaling pathways as new therapeutic targets in myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:677-87. [PMID: 26610046 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1125885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear inositide signaling pathways specifically regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Interestingly, the modulation of nuclear inositides in hematological malignancies can differentially affect erythropoiesis or myelopoiesis. This is particularly important in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), who show both defective erythroid and myeloid differentiation, as well as an increased risk of evolution into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the structure and function of specific nuclear inositide enzymes, whose impairment could be linked with disease pathogenesis and cancer. The authors, stemming from literature and published data, discuss and describe the role of nuclear inositides, focusing on specific enzymes and demonstrating that targeting these molecules could be important to develop innovative therapeutic approaches, with particular reference to MDS treatment. EXPERT OPINION Demethylating therapy, alone or in combination with other drugs, is the most common and current therapy for MDS patients. Nuclear inositide signaling molecules have been demonstrated to be important in hematopoietic differentiation and are promising new targets for developing a personalized MDS therapy. Indeed, these enzymes can be ideal targets for drug design and their modulation can have several important downstream effects to regulate MDS pathogenesis and prevent MDS progression to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mongiorgi
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- b Institute of Hematology "L e A Seràgnoli" , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- c School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina Clissa
- b Institute of Hematology "L e A Seràgnoli" , S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital , Bologna , Italy.,d Hematology and Transplant Center , AORMN , Pesaro , Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- e Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- c School of Life Sciences , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- a Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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