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Dludla PV, Nyambuya TM, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Mxinwa V, Mokgalaboni K, Nkambule BB, Louw J, Muller CJF, Tiano L. The impact of coenzyme Q 10 on metabolic and cardiovascular disease profiles in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00118. [PMID: 32318636 PMCID: PMC7170462 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is well known for its beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, reported evidence has not been precisely synthesized to better inform on its impact in protecting against cardiovascular-related complications in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY The current meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials published in the past 5 years reporting on the effect of CoQ10 on metabolic and CVD-related risk profiles in individuals with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. We searched electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and EMBASE for eligible studies. In addition to assessing the risk of bias and quality of evidence, the random and fixed-effect models were used to calculate the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals for metabolic parameters and CVD outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, enrolling a total of 650 patients. Although CoQ10 supplementation did not statistically affect all metabolic profiles measured, it significantly reduced CVD-risk-related indexes such as total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in diabetic patients when compared to those on placebo [SMD = 0.13, 95% CI (0.03; 0.23), Chi2 = 43.62 and I 2 = 29%, P = .07]. CONCLUSIONS The overall results demonstrated that supplementation with CoQ10 shows an enhanced potential to lower CVD risk in diabetic patients by reducing total cholesterol and LDL. Moreover, the beneficial effects of CoQ10 in lowering the CVD risk are associated with its ameliorative properties against oxidative stress and improving endothelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation PlatformSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Health and Applied SciencesNamibia University of Science and TechnologyWindhoekNamibia
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation PlatformSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of ZululandKwaDlangezwaSouth Africa
| | - Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation PlatformSouth African Medical Research CouncilTygerbergSouth Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of ZululandKwaDlangezwaSouth Africa
- Division of Medical PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityTygerbergSouth Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
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A new derivative of acetylsalicylic acid and carnosine: synthesis, physical and chemical properties, biological activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:119-130. [PMID: 31902097 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to create and assess biological activity of a new compound based on carnosine and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) that will comprise antioxidant effect with antiplatelet activity, while simultaneously preventing side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Salicyl-carnosine (SC) was synthesized by condensation of ASA and carnosine. Antioxidant activity was determined by spectrophotometric and chemiluminescence methods. Antiplatelet activity was carried out by the light transmission-aggregometry method using the inductor ADP. Chronic gastric ulcer in rats was modeled using glacial acetic acid. RESULTS Using SOD-like activity, iron-induced chemiluminescence, BaSO4-activated respiratory burst, and evaluation of red blood cell structure stabilization during oxidative damage induced by sodium hypochlorite, it was shown that SC possesses antioxidant activity analogous, or better, than that of carnosine. Antiplatelet activity of SC was evaluated in the blood of healthy individuals, and was also shown to be comparable to, or exceeding that of ASA. Also SC demonstrates high resistance to hydrolysis by tissue and serum carnosinases. Most importantly, it was shown that SC has protected the gastric mucosa against the formation of stomach ulcerative lesions and promoted their epithelization, therefore overcoming the undesirable inherent side effects of ASA. CONCLUSIONS SC preserves pharmacologically significant properties of ASA and carnosine while retaining an anti-ulcer activity and resistance to the carnosinase hydrolysis at the same time. These properties are particularly promising for the potential development of new anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drugs. Graphical abstract .
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Sidhaye VK, Holbrook JT, Burke A, Sudini KR, Sethi S, Criner GJ, Fahey JW, Berenson CS, Jacobs MR, Thimmulappa R, Wise RA, Biswal S. Compartmentalization of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory gene expression in current and former smokers with COPD. Respir Res 2019; 20:190. [PMID: 31429757 PMCID: PMC6700818 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have high oxidative stress associated with the severity of the disease. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-directed stress response plays a critical role in the protection of lung cells to oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant genes in response to tobacco smoke. There is a critical gap in our knowledge about Nrf-2 regulated genes in active smokers and former-smokers with COPD in different cell types from of lungs and surrogate peripheral tissues. METHODS We compared the expression of Nrf2 and six of its target genes in alveolar macrophages, nasal, and bronchial epithelium and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in current and former smokers with COPD. We compared cell-type specific of Nrf2 and its target genes as well as markers of oxidative and inflammatory stress. RESULTS We enrolled 89 patients; expression all Nrf2 target gene measured were significantly higher in the bronchial epithelium from smokers compared to non-smokers. None were elevated in alveolar macrophages and only one was elevated in each of the other compartments. CONCLUSION Bronchial epithelium is the most responsive tissue for transcriptional activation of Nrf2 target genes in active smokers compared to former-smokers with COPD that correlated with oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. There were no consistent trends in gene expression in other cell types tested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT01335971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana K. Sidhaye
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Janet T. Holbrook
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Alyce Burke
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kuladeep R. Sudini
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3University at Buffalo, SUNY, and VA WNY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- 0000 0001 2248 3398grid.264727.2Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Charles S. Berenson
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3University at Buffalo, SUNY, and VA WNY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Michael R. Jacobs
- 0000 0001 2248 3398grid.264727.2Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Rajesh Thimmulappa
- 0000 0004 1765 9514grid.414778.9JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Robert A. Wise
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E7622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Adefisayo MA, Akomolafe RO, Akinsomisoye OS, Alabi QK, Ogundipe L, Omole JG, Olamilosoye KP. Protective Effects of Methanol Extract of Vernonia amygdalina ( del.) Leaf on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulceration and Oxidative Mucosal Damage in a Rat Model of Gastric Injury. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818785087. [PMID: 30013459 PMCID: PMC6043926 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818785087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by 3 days’ oral administration of aspirin (150 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with cimetidine (reference drug) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and MEVA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions, antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased ulcer index, gastric volume, free and total acidity, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg MEVA. The extract also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. Administration of the extract also significantly attenuates necrosis of the stomach tissue of the ulcerated rats. The results suggested that the MEVA leaf, preferably at 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight, ameliorated aspirin-induced gastric ulceration via antioxidative and H2 receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinat A Adefisayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olumide S Akinsomisoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Quadri K Alabi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Laofe Ogundipe
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Joseph G Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde P Olamilosoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Adefisayo MA, Akomolafe RO, Akinsomisoye SO, Alabi QK, Ogundipe OL, Omole JG, Olamilosoye KP. Gastro-protective effect of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina (del.) leaf on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:625-633. [PMID: 29657922 PMCID: PMC5897319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) on aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rats. Thirty Wistar rats, 150-200 g were divided into six groups as follows: Group 1 (control) rats received 2 mL/kg of propylene glycol for 28 consecutive days. Group 2 (Ulcer Control) received 150 mg/kg/day of aspirin suspended in 3 mL of 1% carboxymethylcellulose in water orally for 3 consecutive days during which the rats were fasted for the induction of ulcer. Group 3 received cimetidine at 100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 consecutive days and thereafter treated as group 2. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received MEVA orally at 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day respectively for 28 consecutive days and thereafter were treated with aspirin as group 2. All the animals were sacrifice at the end of the study to determine the gastric pH, gastric acidity, gastric ulcer score, haematological indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The result showed that aspirin significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric ulcer score and index, decreased gastric pH, gastric acidity, SOD activity, GSH level as well as increased LPO level. It induced significant necrosis of the stomach tissue. Administration of MEVA significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric pH, but decreased gastric acid secretion and reversed alteration of haematological parameters. It also significantly (p < 0.05) increased SOD activity, GSH level and decreased LPO level. The results suggest that Vernonia amygdalina possesses gastro-protective properties against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinat A. Adefisayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O. Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen O. Akinsomisoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Quadri K. Alabi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olaofe L. Ogundipe
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph G. Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde P. Olamilosoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Mossa ATH, Heikal TM, Mohafrash SMM. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes induced by aspirin and diazinon: the protective role of selenium. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2013-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Altintas R, Polat A, Parlakpinar H, Vardi N, Beytur A, Oguz F, Sagir M, Yildiz A, Duran ZR. The effect of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid-induced kidney and testis damage. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:383-95. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113506240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of high-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on kidney and testis, and the potential protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin on ASA-related pathology. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into the following 5 groups ( n = 8): group 1: control, not given any drug; group 2: only 200 mg/kg ASA was given; group 3: 5 mg/kg melatonin was given 45 min before administering 200 mg/kg ASA; group 4: 5 mg/kg melatonin was given 45 min after administering 200 mg/kg ASA; and group 5: only 5 mg/kg melatonin was given. The histopathological changes and the biochemical findings; such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as serum creatinine (Cr) levels were evaluated. ASA significantly increased MDA levels in both kidney and testis, whereas it significantly decreased the values of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GSH in kidney and CAT levels in testis. Melatonin significantly decreased MDA levels in kidney and ameliorated it in testis, whereas it caused elevation in the levels of antioxidants. BUN and Cr levels were higher after ASA, whereas these levels were diminished after melatonin administration. The improvement obtained by melatonin on ASA-induced histological alterations was more prominent when it was used after ASA in kidney and before ASA in testis. In this study, we demonstrated the beneficial effect of melatonin on high-dose ASA-related pathology of kidney and testis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Altintas
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Polat
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - H Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - N Vardi
- Department of Embriology and Histology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Beytur
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - F Oguz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M Sagir
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Yildiz
- Department of Embriology and Histology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - ZR Duran
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Li T, Zhou Q, Zhang N, Luo Y. Toxic effects of chlorpromazine on Carassius auratus and its oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2008; 43:638-643. [PMID: 18941986 DOI: 10.1080/03601230802352674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Under laboratory conditions, ecotoxicological effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on freshwater goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined using the toxic culture experiment. The results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of CPZ toxic to Carassius auratus in 24, 48 and 96 h was 1.11, 0.43 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively. Thus, CPZ is an extreme toxicant to goldfish. Furthermore, there were significantly positive correlations between the ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and its concentrations, and the toxicity became higher as the exposure time increased. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in goldfish livers was significantly influenced by CPZ. At the same exposure time, the activity of SOD reduced first, and increased then, whereas the activity of CAT enhanced first and decreased then. At the same exposure levels of CPZ, the activity of SOD and CAT changed similarly, decreased first, then increased and decreased at last. Within the range of exposure concentrations, the changes in the activity of CAT can more easily reflect the oxidation stress in Carassius auratus by CPZ than those of SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Cimen MYB. Free radical metabolism in human erythrocytes. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 390:1-11. [PMID: 18243141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the red cell emerges from the bone marrow, it loses its nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria and therefore all capacity for protein synthesis. However, because of the high O(2) tension in arterial blood and heme Fe content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced within red cells. Erythrocytes transport large amount of oxygen over their lifespan resulting in oxidative stress. Various factors can lead to the generation of oxidizing radicals such as O(2)(-), H(2)O(2), HO in erythrocytes. Evidence indicates that many physiological and pathological conditions such as aging, inflammation, eryptosis develop through ROS action. As such, red cells have potent antioxidant protection consisting of enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways that modify highly ROS into substantially less reactive intermediates. The object of this review is to shed light on the role of ROS both at physiological and pathological levels and the structural requirements of antioxidants for appreciable radical-scavenging activity. Obviously, much is still to be discovered before we clearly understand mechanisms of free radical systems in erythrocytes. Ongoing trends in the field are recognition of undetermined oxidant/antioxidant interactions and elucidation of important signaling networks in radical metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Burak Cimen
- Mersin University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, 33079 Mersin/Turkey.
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Kesik V, Lenk MK, Kurekci AE, Acikel CH, Akgul EO, Aydin A, Erdem O, Gamsizkan M. Do zinc and selenium prevent the antioxidant, hepatic and renal system impairment caused by aspirin in rats? Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 123:168-78. [PMID: 18305910 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin is widely used as an antiinflammatory drug especially in children with rheumatic fever arthritis. The diminishing effects of aspirin on antioxidant enzymes and hepato-renal systems at high doses are well-known. It is now evident that the damage at antioxidant system worsens the clinical picture of the disease and prolongs the treatment time. Thus, we investigated the effect of antioxidant enzyme cofactors-zinc and selenium-supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (erythrocyte and liver) and hepato-renal toxicity during aspirin treatment at therapeutic doses. The rats were divided into five groups. The first and second groups were given aspirin 75 mg/kg/day and aspirin plus selenium (Selenium 200, selenium 200 mg tablet as selenium yeast, GNC) and zinc (Zinc 100, zinc 100 mg tablet as zinc gluconate, GNC), respectively, the third and fourth take 50 mg/kg/day aspirin and aspirin plus selenium and zinc twice a day, respectively. The fifth group was control. The rats were treated with aspirin for 5 weeks as in the treatment of rheumatic fever arthritis in children. Erythrocyte SOD and MDA levels were preserved with supplementation, whereas there was no change for GSH-Px levels. Liver SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA levels were not changed. In zinc- and selenium-supplemented groups, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, and direct bilirubin levels were found statistically decreased compared with nonsupplemented groups. There was no significant histopathologic change in specimens of hepatic and renal tissues. Trace element supplementation may prevent free radical damage and shorten treatment time in children using long-term aspirin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vural Kesik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, 06018, Ankara, Turkey.
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Fonseca AS, Frydman JNG, Rocha VC, Bernardo-Filho M. Acetylsalicylic acid decreases the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99M. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2007; 58:187-98. [PMID: 17585508 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.58.2007.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid is the most widely used drug as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory agent and for secondary prevention of thrombotic phenomena in the heart, brain and peripheral circulation. Drugs can modify the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc). This work has evaluated the effect of in vivo treatment with acetylsalicylic acid on the in vitro labeling of the blood constituents with 99mTc. Wistar rats were treated with different doses (1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg) of acetylsalicylic acid during 1 hour. At higher dose used (6.0 mg/kg) animals were treated during different period of time (0.25, 1.0 and 4.0 hours). Animals treated with physiologic saline solution were used as control. After the labeled process; plasma (P), blood cells (BC), insoluble (IF-P, IF-BC) and soluble (SF-P, SF-BC) fractions were separated. Afterwards, the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI) in each fraction was calculated. The treatment during 1 hour with acetylsalicylic acid at higher dose has significantly (p < 0.05) modified the fixation of 99mTc on blood cells. Considering the results, we suggest that acetylsalicylic acid used at therapeutic doses may interfere with the nuclear medicine procedures related to these blood constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Fonseca
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Mine T. Influence of melatonin and acetylsalicylic acid on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in gastric mucosa. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:507-8. [PMID: 16799898 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-006-1837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE. Lipid peroxidation and renal cell carcinoma: further supportive evidence and new mechanistic insights. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:721-33. [PMID: 16458203 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have recently proposed lipid peroxidation as a unifying mechanistic pathway by which several seemingly unrelated risk/protective factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, oophorectomy/hysterectomy, parity, antioxidants) affect renal cell carcinoma development. In experimental studies, increased lipid peroxidation is a principal mechanistic pathway in renal carcinogenesis induced by different chemicals. In this communication, we provide additional lines of evidence that further support a role for lipid peroxidation on renal cell cancer development. (1) Lipid peroxidation may explain the role of other risk (analgesic use, pre-eclampsia) or protective (alcohol intake, oral contraceptives) factors for renal cell carcinoma. (2) Additional experimental evidence supports lipid peroxidation as an important mechanism in renal carcinogenesis, and (3) Existing evidence support a cross-talk between the lipid peroxidation pathway and other pathways that are relevant to renal carcinogenesis, such as apoptosis, VHL, and possibly other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA.
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Abstract
Risk-factor epidemiology has been denigrated by some as an empty search for associations, unguided by underlying theory. It has been defended for occasionally identifying useful (if poorly understood) potential interventions. We further defend risk-factor epidemiology as a valuable source of seemingly unrelated facts that await coherent explanation by novel theories and that provide empiric tests of theories. We illustrate these points with a theory that invokes lipid peroxidation as an explanation of an apparently incoherent accumulation of facts about renal-cell carcinoma. The example illustrates the value of viewing epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical observations as a body of facts demanding explanation by proposed causal theories, whether or not those observations were collected with any hypothesis in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Greenland
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Burak Cimen MY, Cimen OB, Eskandari G, Sahin G, Erdoğan C, Atik U. In vivo effects of meloxicam, celecoxib, and ibuprofen on free radical metabolism in human erythrocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2003; 26:169-76. [PMID: 12953657 DOI: 10.1081/dct-120022645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
One of the major groups of chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory response is the prostaglandins, which are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase. The aim of this study is to compare the in vivo effects of celecoxib, meloxicam, and ibuprofen on the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant potential levels (AOP) in human erythrocytes. Patients diagnosed as osteoarthritis were included in the study. Patients were treated with Celecoxib (200 mg/d) (n = 12), Meloxicam (15 mg/d) (n = 12), and Ibuprufen (1200 mg/d) (n = 9) for 21 days. SOD, CAT, GSHPx activities, MDA, and AOP levels were investigated in human erythrocyte haemolysates. SOD activity and AOP levels were significantly decreased in all NSAID groups when we compared the values before and after 21 days of celecoxib, meloxicam, ibuprofen treatment. There were no significant difference in CAT, GSHPx activities, and MDA levels before and after treatment in each group. Decreased SOD activities are thought to be related with the increased superoxide anion. Decreased AOP levels may indicate impairment in the total antioxidant defence system. These NSAIDs have similar effects on free radical metabolism on human erythrocytes; despite some difference in action mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Burak Cimen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, 33079 Mersin, Turkey.
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Dubey K, Balani DK, Pillai KK. Potential adverse interaction between aspirin and lisinopril in hypertensive rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2003; 22:143-7. [PMID: 12723895 DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht331oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential clinical effect of aspirin (ASA) in patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is debatable. Several studies have suggested that ASA attenuates the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF) or coronary artery disease (CAD) and have questioned the safety of using ASA concomitantly with these agents. The present study aims to investigate the possible interaction between ASA and ACE inhibitor in hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in adult male Wistar rats using Methylprednisolone (MP) 20 mg/kg per week s.c. for 2 weeks. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by noninvasive BP technique. The effect of Lisinopril (LS) 15 mg/kg per day and that of combination of LS and ASA; 100 and 25 mg/kg per day p.o. was studied on hypertension induced by glucocorticoid. Concurrent ASA treatment with LS did not hinder the hypotensive effect of LS at either dose. However ASA 100 mg/kg per day caused mortality in animals and produced massive cardiac necrosis and renal damage as evident from histopathology. Treatment with ASA 25 mg/kg per day caused lower mortality with variable effects on cardiac and renal tissues. These results indicate that ASA attenuates the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitor on survival in hypertensive rats and this effect was more pronounced at higher dose of ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India.
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