1
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He W, Wang Y, Chen K. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system events for diazepam. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1278442. [PMID: 38327980 PMCID: PMC10847318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1278442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diazepam, one of the benzodiazepines, is widely used clinically to treat anxiety, for termination of epilepsy, and for sedation. However, the reports of its adverse events (AEs) have been numerous, and even fatal complications have been reported. In this study, we investigated the AEs of diazepam based on real data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Methods: Disproportionality in diazepam-associated AEs was assessed through the calculation of reporting odds ratios (RORs), proportional reporting ratios (PRRs), Bayesian confidence-propagation neural networks (BCPNNs), and gamma-Poisson shrinkage (GPS). Results: Among the 19,514,140 case reports in the FAERS database, 15,546 reports with diazepam as the "principal suspect (PS)" AEs were identified. Diazepam-induced AEs occurred targeting 27 system organ categories (SOCs). Based on four algorithms, a total of 391 major disproportionate preferred terms (PTs) were filtered out. Unexpectedly significant AEs such as congenital nystagmus, developmental delays, and rhabdomyolysis were noted, which were not mentioned in the drug insert. Conclusion: Our study identified potential signals of new AEs that could provide strong support for clinical monitoring and risk identification of diazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xia Men, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xia Men, Fujian, China
| | - Kaiqin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xia Men, Fujian, China
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2
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Park SA, Nguyen TTP, Park SJ, Han SK. Naringenin modulates GABA mediated response in a sexdependent manner in substantia gelatinosa neurons of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in immature mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 28:73-81. [PMID: 38154966 PMCID: PMC10762483 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The substantia gelatinosa (SG) within the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) is recognized as a pivotal site of integrating and modulating afferent fibers carrying orofacial nociceptive information. Although naringenin (4',5,7-thrihydroxyflavanone), a natural bioflavonoid, has been proven to possess various biological effects in the central nervous system (CNS), the activity of naringenin at the orofacial nociceptive site has not been reported yet. In this study, we explored the influence of naringenin on GABA response in SG neurons of Vc using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The application of GABA in a bath induced two forms of GABA responses: slow and fast. Naringenin enhanced both amplitude and area under curve (AUC) of GABA-mediated responses in 57% (12/21) of tested neurons while decreasing both parameters in 33% (7/21) of neurons. The enhancing or suppressing effect of naringenin on GABA response have been observed, with enhancement occurring when the GABA response was slow, and suppression when it was fast. Furthermore, both the enhancement of slower GABA responses and the suppression of faster GABA responses by naringenin were concentration dependent. Interestingly, the nature of GABA response was also found to be sex-dependent. A majority of SG neurons from juvenile female mice exhibited slower GABA responses, whereas those from juvenile males predominantly displayed faster GABA responses. Taken together, this study indicates that naringenin plays a partial role in modulating orofacial nociception and may hold promise as a therapeutic target for treating orofacial pain, with effects that vary according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Odonto – Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 53000, Vietnam
| | - Soo Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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3
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Savage K, Sarris J, Hughes M, Bousman CA, Rossell S, Scholey A, Stough C, Suo C. Neuroimaging Insights: Kava's ( Piper methysticum) Effect on Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex GABA in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Nutrients 2023; 15:4586. [PMID: 37960239 PMCID: PMC10649338 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent, chronic mental health disorder. The measurement of regional brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) offers insight into its role in anxiety and is a potential biomarker for treatment response. Research literature suggests Piper methysticum (Kava) is efficacious as an anxiety treatment, but no study has assessed its effects on central GABA levels. This study investigated dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) GABA levels in 37 adult participants with GAD. GABA was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at baseline and following an eight-week administration of Kava (standardised to 120 mg kavalactones twice daily) (n = 20) or placebo (n = 17). This study was part of the Kava for the Treatment of GAD (KGAD; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02219880), a 16-week intervention study. Compared with the placebo group, the Kava group had a significant reduction in dACC GABA (p = 0.049) at eight weeks. Baseline anxiety scores on the HAM-A were positively correlated with GABA levels but were not significantly related to treatment. Central GABA reductions following Kava treatment may signal an inhibitory effect, which, if considered efficacious, suggests that GABA levels are modulated by Kava, independent of reported anxiety symptoms. dACC GABA patterns suggest a functional role of higher levels in clinical anxiety but warrants further research for symptom benefit. Findings suggest that dACC GABA levels previously un-examined in GAD could serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Savage
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, 427-451 Burwood Road, Melbourne 3122, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne 3121, Australia
| | - Jerome Sarris
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne University, Melbourne 3121, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
| | - Chad A. Bousman
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Susan Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
- Mental Health, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne 3065, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, 427-451 Burwood Road, Melbourne 3122, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, 427-451 Burwood Road, Melbourne 3122, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- Brain Park, Turner Institute of Brain and Mind, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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4
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Bhuia MS, Rokonuzzman M, Hossain MI, Ansari SA, Ansari IA, Islam T, Al Hasan MS, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Anxiolytic- like Effects by trans-Ferulic Acid Possibly Occur through GABAergic Interaction Pathways. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1271. [PMID: 37765079 PMCID: PMC10535412 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous previous studies reported that ferulic acid exerts anxiolytic activity. However, the mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic effect of trans-ferulic acid (TFA), a stereoisomer of ferulic acid, and evaluated its underlying mechanism using in vivo and computational studies. For this, different experimental doses of TFA (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) were administered orally to Swiss albino mice, and various behavioral methods of open field, hole board, swing box, and light-dark tests were carried out. Diazepam (DZP), a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, was employed as a positive control at a dose of 2 mg/kg, and distilled water served as a vehicle. Additionally, molecular docking was performed to estimate the binding affinities of the TFA and DZP toward the GABAA receptor subunits of α2 and α3, which are associated with the anxiolytic effect; visualizations of the ligand-receptor interaction were carried out using various computational tools. Our findings indicate that TFA dose-dependently reduces the locomotor activity of the animals in comparison with the controls, calming their behaviors. In addition, TFA exerted the highest binding affinity (-5.8 kcal/mol) to the α2 subunit of the GABAA receptor by forming several hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds. Taken together, our findings suggest that TFA exerts a similar effect to DZP, and the compound exerts moderate anxiolytic activity through the GABAergic interaction pathway. We suggest further clinical studies to develop TFA as a reliable anxiolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (M.R.); (M.I.H.); (T.I.); (M.S.A.H.)
| | - Md. Rokonuzzman
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (M.R.); (M.I.H.); (T.I.); (M.S.A.H.)
| | - Md. Imran Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (M.R.); (M.I.H.); (T.I.); (M.S.A.H.)
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Irfan Aamer Ansari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Tawhida Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (M.R.); (M.I.H.); (T.I.); (M.S.A.H.)
| | - Md. Sakib Al Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (M.R.); (M.I.H.); (T.I.); (M.S.A.H.)
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (M.R.); (M.I.H.); (T.I.); (M.S.A.H.)
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5
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Bhatti NA, Jobilal A, Asif K, Jaramillo Villegas M, Pandey P, Tahir AN, Balla N, Arellano Camargo MP, Ahmad S, Kataria J, Abdin ZU, Ayyan M. Exploring Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Depressive Disorders: The Role of Allopregnanolone Agonists. Cureus 2023; 15:e44038. [PMID: 37746458 PMCID: PMC10517642 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are caused due to the impaired functioning of important brain networks. Recent studies have also shown that it is caused by a significant reduction in the levels of allopregnanolone, which is a progesterone metabolite. Newer treatment modalities are now focusing on the usage of neuroactive steroids, such as allopregnanolone, in various depressive disorders. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive literature review on the clinical aspects of the allopregnanolone agonists brexanolone and zuranolone with reference to the physiological role of allopregnanolone. Brexanolone was approved by the FDA in 2019 for the treatment of postpartum depression and has greatly influenced further research into potential drugs such as zuranolone, which is currently undergoing phase 3 of clinical trials. Although these drugs exhibit improvement in symptoms of depressive disorders along with notable side effects, further research is required for their future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Jobilal
- Internal Medicine, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, IND
| | - Kainat Asif
- Internal Medicine, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Priyanka Pandey
- Anatomical Sciences, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, IND
| | | | - Neeharika Balla
- Internal Medicine, Maharajah's Institute of Medical Sciences, Vizianagaram, IND
| | | | - Sana Ahmad
- Psychiatry, TIME Organization Inc, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Zain U Abdin
- Family Medicine, IMG Helping Hands, Chicago, USA
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6
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Voronin MV, Shangin SV, Litvinova SA, Abramova EV, Kurbanov RD, Rybina IV, Vakhitova YV, Seredenin SB. Pharmacological Analysis of GABA A Receptor and Sigma1R Chaperone Interaction: Research Report I-Investigation of the Anxiolytic, Anticonvulsant and Hypnotic Effects of Allosteric GABA A Receptors' Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119580. [PMID: 37298532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two groups of facts have been established in previous drug development studies of the non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic fabomotizole. First, fabomotizole prevents stress-induced decrease in binding ability of the GABAA receptor's benzodiazepine site. Second, fabomotizole is a Sigma1R chaperone agonist, and exposure to Sigma1R antagonists blocks its anxiolytic effect. To prove our main hypothesis of Sigma1R involvement in GABAA receptor-dependent pharmacological effects, we performed a series of experiments on BALB/c and ICR mice using Sigma1R ligands to study anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepine tranquilizers diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and phenazepam (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in the elevated plus maze test, the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure model, and the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg i.p.). Sigma1R antagonists BD-1047 (1, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p.), NE-100 (1 and 3 mg/kg i.p.), and Sigma1R agonist PRE-084 (1, 5, and 20 mg/kg i.p.) were used in the experiments. Sigma1R antagonists have been found to attenuate while Sigma1R agonists can enhance GABAARs-dependent pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Voronin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav V Shangin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Litvinova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Abramova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rustam D Kurbanov
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Rybina
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Vakhitova
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei B Seredenin
- Department of Pharmacogenetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology", Baltiyskaya Street 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Chen WH, Chiu CH, Farn SS, Cheng KH, Huang YR, Lee SY, Fang YC, Lin YH, Chang KW. Identification of the Hepatic Metabolites of Flumazenil and their Kinetic Application in Neuroimaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050764. [PMID: 37242547 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the neurobiological causes of anxiety disorders have suggested that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system increases synaptic concentrations and enhances the affinity of GABAA (type A) receptors for benzodiazepine ligands. Flumazenil antagonizes the benzodiazepine-binding site of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) complex in the central nervous system (CNS). The investigation of flumazenil metabolites using liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry will provide a complete understanding of the in vivo metabolism of flumazenil and accelerate radiopharmaceutical inspection and registration. The main goal of this study was to investigate the use of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (PR-HPLC), coupled with electrospray ionization triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QqQ MS), to identify flumazenil and its metabolites in the hepatic matrix. Carrier-free nucleophilic fluorination with an automatic synthesizer for [18F]flumazenil, combined with nano-positron emission tomography (NanoPET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging, was used to predict the biodistribution in normal rats. The study showed that 50% of the flumazenil was biotransformed by the rat liver homogenate in 60 min, whereas one metabolite (M1) was a methyl transesterification product of flumazenil. In the rat liver microsomal system, two metabolites were identified (M2 and M3), as their carboxylic acid and hydroxylated ethyl ester forms between 10 and 120 min, respectively. A total of 10-30 min post-injection of [18F]flumazenil showed an immediate decreased in the distribution ratio observed in the plasma. Nevertheless, a higher ratio of the complete [18F]flumazenil compound could be used for subsequent animal studies. [18F] According to in vivo nanoPET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution assays, flumazenil also showed significant effects on GABAA receptor availability in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, cortex, and hippocampus in the rat brain, indicating the formation of metabolites. We reported the completion of the biotransformation of flumazenil by the hepatic system, as well as [18F]flumazenil's potential as an ideal ligand and PET agent for the determination of the GABAA/BZR complex for multiplex neurological syndromes at the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsi Chen
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City 325207, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Shiow Farn
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City 325207, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Cheng
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City 325207, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ruei Huang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City 325207, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Lee
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City 325207, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Fang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Wei Chang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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8
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Lu C, Zhu X, Feng Y, Ao W, Li J, Gao Z, Luo H, Chen M, Cai F, Zhan S, Li H, Sun W, Hu J. Atypical antipsychotics antagonize GABA A receptors in the ventral tegmental area GABA neurons to relieve psychotic behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2107-2121. [PMID: 36754983 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis is an abnormal mental condition that can cause patients to lose contact with reality. It is a common symptom of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sleep deprivation, and other mental disorders. Clinically, antipsychotic medications, such as olanzapine and clozapine, are very effective in treatment for psychosis. To investigate the neural circuit mechanism that is affected by antipsychotics and identify more selective therapeutic targets, we employed a strategy by using these effective antipsychotics to identify antipsychotic neural substrates. We observed that local injection of antipsychotics into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) could reverse the sensorimotor gating defects induced by MK-801 injection in mice. Using in vivo fiber photometry, electrophysiological techniques, and chemogenetics, we found that antipsychotics could activate VTA gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons by blocking GABAA receptors. Moreover, we found that the VTAGABA nucleus accumbens (NAc) projection was crucially involved in such antipsychotic effects. In summary, our study identifies a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of psychosis and underscores the utility of a 'bedside-to-bench' approach for identifying neural circuits that influence psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifan Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhen Ao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulu Zhan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Shad MU. Recent Developments in Pharmacotherapy of Depression: Bench to Bedside. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050773. [PMID: 37240943 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For the last 70 years, we did not move beyond the monoamine hypothesis of depression until the approval of the S-enantiomer of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker and the first non-monoaminergic antidepressant characterized by rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects. A similar profile has been reported with another NMDA receptor antagonist, dextromethorphan, which has also been approved to manage depression in combination with bupropion. More recently, the approval of a positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors, brexanolone, has added to the list of recent breakthroughs with the relatively rapid onset of antidepressant efficacy. However, multiple factors have compromised the clinical utility of these exciting discoveries in the general population, including high drug acquisition costs, mandatory monitoring requirements, parenteral drug administration, lack of insurance coverage, indirect COVID-19 effects on healthcare systems, and training gaps in psychopharmacology. This narrative review aims to analyze the clinical pharmacology of recently approved antidepressants and discuss potential barriers to the bench-to-bedside transfer of knowledge and clinical application of exciting recent discoveries. Overall, clinically meaningful advances in the treatment of depression have not reached a large proportion of depressed patients, including those with treatment-resistant depression, who might benefit the most from the novel antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb U Shad
- Valley Health System (VHS), Las Vegas, NV 89118, USA
- The Department of Psychiatry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, School of Medicine, The Touro University of Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine (TUNCOM), Henderson, NV 89014, USA
- The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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10
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Nisar R, Batool Z, Haider S. Electric foot-shock induces neurobehavioral aberrations due to imbalance in oxidative status, stress hormone, neurochemical profile, and irregular cortical-beta wave pattern in rats: A validated animal model of anxiety. Life Sci 2023; 323:121707. [PMID: 37084951 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders can be modeled on animals to investigate the neural mechanism underlying these disorders. Models of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, basically aim to produce the signs and symptoms of human anxiety disorders in laboratory animals. Electric foot-shock is recommended to induce anxiety-like symptoms in rodents. For this purpose, however, a range of current intensities is available in the literature. The present study aims to modify the existing practices of generating anxiety-like symptoms through electric foot-shock by identifying an optimum current intensity and combing it with behavioral paradigms to produce a rat model of anxiety. Furthermore, the validity of the model was confirmed by checking the fulfillment of three validity criteria necessary for the development of any disease model including face validity, construct validity, and predictive validity. In the current study, after pre-testing, 1.0 mA electric intensity was selected to produce the model of anxiety. The results showed that the induction of 1.0 mA electric foot-shock induces abnormal behavioral effects which were similar to anxiety-like effects as evident by social interaction test, light-dark transition test, and open field test. Moreover, aberrations in the levels of the stress hormone, oxidative stress parameters, hippocampal neurotransmitter levels, and cortical-EEG wave pattern were also observed in the rat model of anxiety which were successfully overcome using diazepam. In conclusion, the outcome of our study suggests that electric foot-shock can be an adequate stressor to produce a validated animal model of anxiety and this model can be confidently used to identify and screen new and/or novel anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Nisar
- Husein Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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11
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Fogarty MJ. Inhibitory Synaptic Influences on Developmental Motor Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086962. [PMID: 37108127 PMCID: PMC10138861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, GABA and glycine play major trophic and synaptic roles in the establishment of the neuromotor system. In this review, we summarise the formation, function and maturation of GABAergic and glycinergic synapses within neuromotor circuits during development. We take special care to discuss the differences in limb and respiratory neuromotor control. We then investigate the influences that GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission has on two major developmental neuromotor disorders: Rett syndrome and spastic cerebral palsy. We present these two syndromes in order to contrast the approaches to disease mechanism and therapy. While both conditions have motor dysfunctions at their core, one condition Rett syndrome, despite having myriad symptoms, has scientists focused on the breathing abnormalities and their alleviation-to great clinical advances. By contrast, cerebral palsy remains a scientific quagmire or poor definitions, no widely adopted model and a lack of therapeutic focus. We conclude that the sheer abundance of diversity of inhibitory neurotransmitter targets should provide hope for intractable conditions, particularly those that exhibit broad spectra of dysfunction-such as spastic cerebral palsy and Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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12
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Automated Synthesis of [18F]Flumazenil Application in GABAA Receptor Neuroimaging Availability for Rat Model of Anxiety. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030417. [PMID: 36986516 PMCID: PMC10058208 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have demonstrated that the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor complex plays a central role in the modulation of anxiety. Conditioned fear and anxiety-like behaviors have many similarities at the neuroanatomical and pharmacological levels. The radioactive GABA/BZR receptor antagonist, fluorine-18-labeled flumazenil, [18F]flumazenil, behaves as a potential PET imaging agent for the evaluation of cortical damage of the brain in stroke, alcoholism, and for Alzheimer disease investigation. The main goal of our study was to investigate a fully automated nucleophilic fluorination system, with solid extraction purification, developed to replace traditional preparation methods, and to detect underlying expressions of contextual fear and characterize the distribution of GABAA receptors in fear-conditioned rats by [18F]flumazenil. A carrier-free nucleophilic fluorination method using an automatic synthesizer with direct labeling of a nitro-flumazenil precursor was implemented. The semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification method (RCY = 15–20%) was applied to obtain high purity [18F]flumazenil. Nano-positron emission tomography (NanoPET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging and ex vivo autoradiography were used to analyze the fear conditioning of rats trained with 1–10 tone-foot-shock pairings. The anxiety rats had a significantly lower cerebral accumulation (in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, cortex, and hippocampus) of fear conditioning. Our rat autoradiography results also supported the findings of PET imaging. Key findings were obtained by developing straightforward labeling and purification procedures that can be easily adapted to commercially available modules for the high radiochemical purity of [18F]flumazenil. The use of an automatic synthesizer with semi-preparative HPLC purification would be a suitable reference method for new drug studies of GABAA/BZR receptors in the future.
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13
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Isu UH, Badiee SA, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. Cholesterol in Class C GPCRs: Role, Relevance, and Localization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:301. [PMID: 36984688 PMCID: PMC10056374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest superfamilies of cell-surface receptors, are heptahelical integral membrane proteins that play critical roles in virtually every organ system. G-protein-coupled receptors operate in membranes rich in cholesterol, with an imbalance in cholesterol level within the vicinity of GPCR transmembrane domains affecting the structure and/or function of many GPCRs, a phenomenon that has been linked to several diseases. These effects of cholesterol could result in indirect changes by altering the mechanical properties of the lipid environment or direct changes by binding to specific sites on the protein. There are a number of studies and reviews on how cholesterol modulates class A GPCRs; however, this area of study is yet to be explored for class C GPCRs, which are characterized by a large extracellular region and often form constitutive dimers. This review highlights specific sites of interaction, functions, and structural dynamics involved in the cholesterol recognition of the class C GPCRs. We summarize recent data from some typical family members to explain the effects of membrane cholesterol on the structural features and functions of class C GPCRs and speculate on their corresponding therapeutic potential.
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14
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Zubiaur P, Figueiredo-Tor L, Villapalos-García G, Soria-Chacartegui P, Navares-Gómez M, Novalbos J, Matas M, Calleja S, Mejía-Abril G, Román M, Ochoa D, Abad-Santos F. Association between CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 phenotypes and the pharmacokinetics and safety of diazepam. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113747. [PMID: 36162369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine (BZD) used worldwide for a variety of conditions. Long-term use of diazepam increases the risk for developing tolerance and dependence and for the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 mainly metabolize diazepam and are therefore the primary pharmacogenetic candidate biomarkers. In this work, we aimed to explore the impact of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 phenotypes and of 99 additional variants in other 31 pharmacogenes (including other CYP, UGT, NAT2 and CES enzymes, ABC and SLC transporters) on diazepam pharmacokinetic variability and safety. 30 healthy volunteers that had participated in a single-dose bioequivalence clinical trial of two diazepam formulations were enrolled in the present candidate gene pharmacogenetic study. CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (PMs) showed an almost 2-fold increase in AUC0-∞/DW compared to rapid (RMs) or normal (NM) metabolizers, and a 1.46-fold increase compared to intermediate metabolizers (IMs). CYP2B6 PMs showed a 2,74-fold higher AUC0-∞/DW compared to RMs, and 2.10-fold compared to NMs (p < 0.007). A dose reduction of 25-50 % may be appropriate for CYP2C19 or CYP2B6 PMs to avoid ADRs, dependence and tolerance. Combined CYP2C19 +CYP2B6 PMs may not use diazepam or sharper dose adjustments (e.g., a dose reduction of 50-70 %) may be advisable. To our knowledge, this is the first work to report a strong relationship between CYP2B6 phenotype and diazepam pharmacokinetics. Additional nominal associations (i.e., 0.007 <p < 0.05) between ABCG2, ABCB1, NAT2 and UGT1A4 polymorphisms and pharmacokinetic variability were observed; further research should elaborate on the clinical relevance of the described associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zubiaur
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Figueiredo-Tor
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Villapalos-García
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Soria-Chacartegui
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Navares-Gómez
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Novalbos
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Matas
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Calleja
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Mejía-Abril
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Román
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Ochoa
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Coteur K, Mamouris P, Vaes B, Van Nuland M, Matheï C, Schoenmakers B. Evolution of benzodiazepine receptor agonist prescriptions in general practice: A registry-based study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1014734. [PMID: 36211642 PMCID: PMC9546292 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1014734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contrary to most European guidelines, benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRA) are often used continuously at a low dosage, being the most common form of long-term use. In Belgium, BZRA use is monitored by analyzing self-report data about medication use in the last 24 h. This method provides insufficient insight into the terms of use of these psychoactive drugs. Aim To describe trends in BZRA prescribing in Flanders, Belgium, between 2000 and 2019. Design and setting Population-based trend analysis and a case-control study for the year 2019 were done with data from a morbidity registry in general practice. Methods Repeated cross-sectional and joinpoint regression analyses revealed trends in sex- and age-standardized prescription rates among adult patients (18+). Results Overall, BZRA prescriptions increased. The highest overall increase was found among male patients 18-44 years old, with an average annual percentage change of 2.5 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.3). Among 65+ female patients, a decrease was found since 2006, with an annual percentage change of -0.7 (95% CI: -1.3, -0.1). In 2019, 12% of registered patients received minimally one prescription, long-term use was observed in 5%, back pain was the most common morbidity significantly associated with a rise in BZRA prescriptions, and zolpidem was the most prescribed BZRA (22%). Conclusion Despite some statistically significant decreasing trends, an overall increase in BZRA prescriptions was observed throughout the 19-year study period, especially among long-term users of 18-44 years and 65-plus. Zolpidem became the most prescribed BZRA and warrants more attention.
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16
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Shafiee Z, Karami L, Akbari M, Rezaee E, Maaza M, Tabatabai SA, Karimi G. Insights into the molecular mechanism of triazolopyrimidinone derivatives effects on the modulation of α 1β 2γ 2 subtype of GABA A receptor: An in silico approach. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 729:109380. [PMID: 36027937 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of benzodiazepine drugs in clinical practice, such as the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, and insomnia and the side effects of classical benzodiazepines, the study of new benzodiazepine agonists has received much attentions. In this work, we used in silico methods to explore the molecular mechanism of 1,2,4-triazolo [1,5--a] pyrimidinone derivatives in the modulation of α1β2γ2 subtype of GABAA receptor. To this aim, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MD), post-MD analysis, binding free energy calculation, and prediction of ADME properties were performed. Results showed that all new compounds have a better binding affinity for the Benzodiazepine (BZD) site of the receptor than diazepam and compound 4c had the highest affinity among them. Moreover, a good agreement was observed between the calculated ΔGbinding and experimental IC50 values. Also, we noticed that residues in loop regions (particularly loop C and D-F in α1 and γ2 subunits, respectively) forming BZD binding site, take part in forming several H-bonds between the agonists and the receptor. Ser205, Thr207, Tyr160, and His102 of α1 subunit and Thr207 of γ2 subunit are mainly involved in forming H-bonds. Also, the orientation of agonists in the BZD binding site leads to π-π interactions with hydrophobic residues in loops A-F. Based on the DCCM analysis, the correlated motions in the γ2 subunit residues are greater than those of α1 subunit residues. Further, predicted ADME results indicated that all agonists meet the criteria. The triplicate MD simulation showed the reproducibility of the results and strengthened the study. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the receptor-agonist interactions and clues for designing future BZD agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Shafiee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karami
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Akbari
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Old Faure Road, 7129, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa; Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Old Faure Road, 7129, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Sharf T, van der Molen T, Glasauer SMK, Guzman E, Buccino AP, Luna G, Cheng Z, Audouard M, Ranasinghe KG, Kudo K, Nagarajan SS, Tovar KR, Petzold LR, Hierlemann A, Hansma PK, Kosik KS. Functional neuronal circuitry and oscillatory dynamics in human brain organoids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4403. [PMID: 35906223 PMCID: PMC9338020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain organoids replicate much of the cellular diversity and developmental anatomy of the human brain. However, the physiology of neuronal circuits within organoids remains under-explored. With high-density CMOS microelectrode arrays and shank electrodes, we captured spontaneous extracellular activity from brain organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We inferred functional connectivity from spike timing, revealing a large number of weak connections within a skeleton of significantly fewer strong connections. A benzodiazepine increased the uniformity of firing patterns and decreased the relative fraction of weakly connected edges. Our analysis of the local field potential demonstrate that brain organoids contain neuronal assemblies of sufficient size and functional connectivity to co-activate and generate field potentials from their collective transmembrane currents that phase-lock to spiking activity. These results point to the potential of brain organoids for the study of neuropsychiatric diseases, drug action, and the effects of external stimuli upon neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Sharf
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. .,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Tjitse van der Molen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Stella M K Glasauer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alessio P Buccino
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Luna
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Morgane Audouard
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kiwamu Kudo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth R Tovar
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Linda R Petzold
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul K Hansma
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA. .,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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18
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Noviello CM, Kreye J, Teng J, Prüss H, Hibbs RE. Structural mechanisms of GABA A receptor autoimmune encephalitis. Cell 2022; 185:2469-2477.e13. [PMID: 35803245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies targeting neuronal membrane proteins can cause encephalitis, seizures, and severe behavioral abnormalities. While antibodies for several neuronal targets have been identified, structural details on how they regulate function are unknown. Here we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of antibodies derived from an encephalitis patient bound to the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor. These antibodies induced severe encephalitis by directly inhibiting GABAA function, resulting in nervous-system hyperexcitability. The structures reveal mechanisms of GABAA inhibition and pathology. One antibody directly competes with a neurotransmitter and locks the receptor in a resting-like state. The second antibody targets the subunit interface involved in binding benzodiazepines and antagonizes diazepam potentiation. We identify key residues in these antibodies involved in specificity and affinity and confirm structure-based hypotheses for functional effects using electrophysiology. Together these studies define mechanisms of direct functional antagonism of neurotransmission underlying autoimmune encephalitis in a human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Noviello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jakob Kreye
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neurology and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinfeng Teng
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Harald Prüss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ryan E Hibbs
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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19
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Suthoff E, Kosinski M, Arnaud A, Hodgkins P, Gunduz-Bruce H, Lasser R, Silber C, Sankoh AJ, Li H, Werneburg B, Jonas J, Doherty J, Kanes SJ, Bonthapally V. Patient-reported health-related quality of life from a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of zuranolone in adults with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:19-26. [PMID: 35378149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD), a disabling, potentially life-threatening condition, negatively affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This secondary analysis aimed to understand the impact of the neuroactive steroid zuranolone on HRQoL using the Short Form-36v2 Health Survey (SF-36v2). METHODS Adult patients with MDD and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score ≥22 were randomized 1:1 to receive zuranolone 30 mg or placebo for 2 weeks, with 4 weeks follow-up. SF-36v2 scores were assessed at Day 15 across 8 domains (Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, and Mental Health) and 2 summary scores (Physical and Mental Component), using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. Correlations between SF-36v2 scores and clinician-reported efficacy endpoints were assessed using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were treated with zuranolone 30 mg (n = 45) or placebo (n = 44). In zuranolone-treated patients, HRQoL improved across all SF-36v2 domains and summary scores at Day 15. Improvements exceeding established minimally important difference thresholds were observed in Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, and Mental Health scores. Improvements in General Health, Vitality, Mental Health, and Mental Component Summary were statistically significant versus placebo (p ≤ 0.025). Clinician-rated endpoints negatively correlated with SF-36v2 scores. LIMITATIONS The small unipolar depression sample may not be representative of all US MDD patients. HRQoL measures could be impacted by factors unrelated to depression. CONCLUSIONS Zuranolone-treated patients reported rapid and significant improvements in HRQoL versus placebo at Day 15. HRQoL improvements correlated with improvements in clinician-rated assessments. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov:NCT03000530; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03000530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellison Suthoff
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | | | - Alix Arnaud
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Paul Hodgkins
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Robert Lasser
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Abdul J Sankoh
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Haihong Li
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Brian Werneburg
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Jonas
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James Doherty
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J Kanes
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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20
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Lukow PB, Martins D, Veronese M, Vernon AC, McGuire P, Turkheimer FE, Modinos G. Cellular and molecular signatures of in vivo imaging measures of GABAergic neurotransmission in the human brain. Commun Biol 2022; 5:372. [PMID: 35440709 PMCID: PMC9018713 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse GABAergic interneuron networks orchestrate information processing in the brain. Understanding the principles underlying the organisation of this system in the human brain, and whether these principles are reflected by available non-invasive in vivo neuroimaging methods, is crucial for the study of GABAergic neurotransmission. Here, we use human gene expression data and state-of-the-art imaging transcriptomics to uncover co-expression patterns between genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits and inhibitory interneuron subtype-specific markers, and their association with binding patterns of the gold-standard GABA PET radiotracers [11C]Ro15-4513 and [11C]flumazenil. We found that the inhibitory interneuron marker somatostatin covaries with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA5 and GABRA2, and that their distribution followed [11C]Ro15-4513 binding. In contrast, the inhibitory interneuron marker parvalbumin covaried with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA1, GABRB2 and GABRG2, and their distribution tracked [11C]flumazenil binding. Our findings indicate that existing PET radiotracers may provide complementary information about key components of the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Barbara Lukow
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Via Giovanni Gradenigo, 6, 35131, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Anthony Christopher Vernon
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, Brixton, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Federico Edoardo Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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21
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Ashton MK, Rueda AVL, Ho AM, Noor Aizin NABM, Sharma H, Dodd PR, Stadlin A, Camarini R. Sex differences in GABA A receptor subunit transcript expression are mediated by genotype in subjects with alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12785. [PMID: 35301805 PMCID: PMC9744570 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Male and female human subjects show contrasting propensities to misuse drugs of addiction, including alcohol. These differences lead to different psychological and neurological consequences, such as the likelihood of developing dependence. The pattern and extent of brain damage in alcohol-use disorder cases also varies with comorbid disease. To explore mechanisms that might underlie these outcomes, we used autopsy tissue to determine mRNA transcript expression in relation to genotype for two GABAA receptor subunit genes. We used quantitative Real-Time PCR to measure GABRA6 and GABRA2 mRNA concentrations in dorsolateral prefrontal and primary motor cortices of alcohol-use disorder subjects and controls of both sexes with and without liver disease who had been genotyped for these GABAA receptor subunit genes. Cirrhotic alcohol-use disorder cases had significantly higher expression of GABRA6 and GABRA2 transcripts than either controls or non-cirrhotic alcohol-use disorder cases. Differences were observed between sexes, genotypes and brain regions. We show that sex differences in subjects with GABRA6 and GABRA2 variants may contribute to differences in susceptibility to alcohol-use disorder and alcohol-induced cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline K. Ashton
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - André V. L. Rueda
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ada M.‐C. Ho
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Noradibah Arina Binte M. Noor Aizin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Vela Research Singapore Pte LtdThe KendallSingapore
| | - Hansa Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter R. Dodd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Rosana Camarini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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22
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Wu J, Yan J, Zhang L, Chen J, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Zhu M, Cheng L, Zhang L. The effectiveness of distraction as preoperative anxiety management technique in paediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 130:104232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Madkour DA, Ahmed MM, Orabi SH, Sayed SM, Korany RMS, Khalifa HK. Nigella sativa oil protects against emamectin benzoate-Induced neurotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1521-1535. [PMID: 33885218 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ameliorative impact of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on emamectin benzoate (EMB) neurotoxicity. Thirty-five male rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n = 7). G1 (control): received distilled water; G2: received NSO (3 ml. Kg-1 B.W.) for 6 weeks; G3: received EMB (9 mg kg-1 B.W.) for 6 weeks; G4: was co-treated with NSO and EMB for 6 weeks; G5: was treated with EMB for 4 weeks then, received NSO for 2 weeks. All treatments were given orally every other day. EMB increased serum urea, creatinine levels; brain dopamine, serotonin, malondialdehyde levels; brain expression levels of caspase 3 and TNF-α. While, it decreased serum total protein, albumin, brain GABA, AChE, GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD levels. Histopathological findings revealed hemorrhage, congestion, severe degeneration, and edema of the brain tissues. NSO reversed the EMB-induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. This NSO effect is mostly due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. These findings suggest NSO as a potential protective and therapeutic agent for EMB-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Madkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Sahar H Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Samy M Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Ranyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda M S Korany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanem K Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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24
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Wang GY, Luan ZL, Che NW, Yan DB, Sun XW, Zhang C, Yin J. Inhibition of microRNA-129-2-3p protects against refractory temporal lobe epilepsy by regulating GABRA1. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02195. [PMID: 34029007 PMCID: PMC8323041 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence demonstrates that certain microRNAs play critical roles in epileptogenesis. Our previous studies found microRNA (miR)-129-2-3p was induced in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-129-2-3p in TLE pathogenesis. METHOD By bioinformatics, we predicted miR-129-2-3p may target the gene GABRA1 encoding the GABA type A receptor subunit alpha 1. Luciferase assay was used to investigate the regulation of miR-129-2-3p on GABRA1 3'UTR. The dynamic expression of miR-129-2-3p and GABRA1 mRNA and protein levels were measured in primary hippocampal neurons and a rat kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure model by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunostaining. MiR-129-2-3p agomir and antagomir were utilized to explore their role in determining GABRA1 expression. The effects of targeting miR-129-2-3p and GABRA1 on epilepsy were assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and immunostaining. RESULTS Luciferase assay, qPCR, and Western blot results suggested GABRA1 as a direct target of miR-129-2-3p. MiR-129-2-3p level was significantly upregulated, whereas GABRA1 expression downregulated in KA-treated rat primary hippocampal neurons and KA-induced seizure model. In vivo knockdown of miR-129-2-3p by antagomir alleviated the seizure-like EEG findings in accordance with the upregulation of GABRA1. Furthermore, the seizure-suppressing effect of the antagomir was partly GABRA1 dependent. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested GABRA1 as a target of miR-129-2-3p in rat primary hippocampal neurons and a rat kainic acid (KA) seizure model. Silencing of miR-129-2-3p exerted a seizure-suppressing effect in rats. MiR-129-2-3p/GABRA1 pathway may represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Epileptic Center of Liaoning, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning-Wei Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - De-Bin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Epileptic Center of Liaoning, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Sun
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Epileptic Center of Liaoning, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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25
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Paudel P, Ross S, Li XC. Molecular Targets of Cannabinoids Associated with Depression. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1827-1850. [PMID: 34165403 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210623144658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to address depression, a major neurological disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Cannabinoids and their synthetic derivatives have demonstrated numerous neurological activities and may potentially be developed into new treatments for depression. This review highlights cannabinoid (CB) receptors, monoamine oxidase (MAO), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, and cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor as key molecular targets of cannabinoids that are associated with depression. The anti-depressant activity of cannabinoids and their binding modes with cannabinoid receptors are discussed, providing insights into rational design and discovery of new cannabinoids or cannabimimetic agents with improved druggable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Samir Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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26
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Moustafa RE, Tarbah F, Saeed HS, Sharif SI. Designer benzodiazepines versus prescription benzodiazepines: can structural relation predict the next step? Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:249-263. [PMID: 34038656 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1907303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Designer benzodiazepines are a part of the recently discovered abuse synthetic drugs called Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) which need to be controlled due to their constantly growing market. Most of them are derived from the medically approved benzodiazepines used nowadays yet, may possess stronger effects, more toxicity, and longer durations of action. Some differences have also been observed in their detection and characteristics, in addition to the variations discovered in postmortem redistribution and drug stability. All these major alterations in features can result from only minor structural modifications. For example, a classic benzodiazepine (BZD) like diazepam only lacks one fluorine atom which exists in its derivatized designer drug, diclazepam, making substantial differences in activity. For this reason, it is essential to study the designer drugs in order to identify their dangers and distinguish them thus rule out their abuse and control the spread of such drugs. This review would highlight the distinct characteristics of some of the most commonly abused designer benzodiazepine analogies in relation to their original prescription BZD compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneem E Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fuad Tarbah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Huda Sulaiman Saeed
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Toxicology Section, Dubai Police Head Quarter, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suleiman I Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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27
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Plant Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins-Their Lipid and Protein Interactors in Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051064. [PMID: 33946260 PMCID: PMC8146436 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses during their growth and development. Owing to their immobility, plants possess stress-sensing abilities and adaptive responses to cope with the abiotic and biotic stresses caused by extreme temperatures, drought, flooding, salinity, heavy metals and pathogens. Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs), a family of conserved proteins among prokaryotes and eukaryotes, bind to a variety of acyl-CoA esters with different affinities and play a role in the transport and maintenance of subcellular acyl-CoA pools. In plants, studies have revealed ACBP functions in development and stress responses through their interactions with lipids and protein partners. This review summarises the roles of plant ACBPs and their lipid and protein interactors in abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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28
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Sehara Y, Ando Y, Minezumi T, Funayama N, Kawai K, Sawada M. [123I]Iomazenil SPECT Detects a Reversible Lesion of the Left Medial Temporal Lobe in a Case of Global Autobiographical Amnesia. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:70-75. [PMID: 33652471 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Global autobiographical amnesia is a rare disorder that is characterized by a sudden loss of autobiographical memories covering many years of an individual's life. Generally, routine neuroimaging studies such as CT and MRI yield negative findings in individuals with global autobiographical amnesia. However, in recent case reports, functional analyses such as SPECT and fMRI have revealed changes in activity in various areas of the brain when compared with controls. Studies using iomazenil (IMZ) SPECT with individuals with global autobiographical amnesia have not been reported. We report the case of a 62-year-old Japanese woman with global autobiographical amnesia who had disappeared for ∼4 weeks. [123I]-IMZ SPECT showed reduced IMZ uptake in her left medial temporal lobe and no significant reduction on N-isopropyl-[123I] p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) SPECT in the identical region. Because IMZ binds to the central benzodiazepine receptor, this dissociation between IMZ and IMP SPECT was thought to reflect the breakdown of inhibitory neurotransmission in the left medial temporal lobe. Moreover, when the woman recovered most of her memory 32 months after fugue onset, the IMZ SPECT-positive lesion had decreased in size. Because the woman had long suffered verbal abuse from her former husband's sister and brother, which can also cause global autobiographical amnesia, it is difficult to conclude whether the IMZ SPECT-positive lesion in the left medial temporal lobe was the cause or the result of her global autobiographical amnesia. Although only one case, these observations suggest that IMZ SPECT may be useful in uncovering the mechanisms underlying global autobiographical amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Sehara
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ando
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takumi Minezumi
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Funayama
- Section of Community Medicine, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mikio Sawada
- Department of Neurology, Haga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
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29
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GABA A Receptors in the Mongolian Gerbil: a PET Study Using [ 18F]Flumazenil to Determine Receptor Binding in Young and Old Animals. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:335-347. [PMID: 31102039 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plastic changes in the central auditory system involving the GABAergic system accompany age-related hearing loss. Such processes can be investigated with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using [18F]flumazenil ([18F]FMZ). Here, [18F]FMZ PET-based modeling approaches allow a simple and reliable quantification of GABAA receptor binding capacity revealing regional differences and age-related changes. PROCEDURES Sixty-minute list-mode PET acquisitions were performed in 9 young (range 5-6 months) and 11 old (range 39-42 months) gerbils, starting simultaneously with the injection of [18F]FMZ via femoral vein. Non-displaceable binding potentials (BPnd) with pons as reference region were calculated for auditory cortex (AC), inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MGB), somatosensory cortex (SC), and cerebellum (CB) using (i) a two-tissue compartment model (2TCM), (ii) the Logan plot with image-derived blood-input (Logan (BI)), (iii) a simplified reference tissue model (SRTM), and (iv) the Logan reference model (Logan (RT)). Statistical parametric mapping analysis (SPM) comparing young and old gerbils was performed using 3D parametric images for BPnd based on SRTM. Results were verified with in vitro autoradiography from five additional young gerbils. Model assessment included the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Hearing was evaluated using auditory brainstem responses. RESULTS BPnd differed significantly between models (p < 0.0005), showing the smallest mean difference between 2TCM as reference and SRTM as simplified procedure. SRTM revealed the lowest AIC values. Both volume of distribution (r2 = 0.8793, p = 0.018) and BPnd (r2 = 0.8216, p = 0.034) correlated with in vitro autoradiography data. A significant age-related decrease of receptor binding was observed in auditory (AC, IC, MGB) and other brain regions (SC and CB) (p < 0.0001, unpaired t test) being confirmed by SPM using pons as reference (p < 0.0001, uncorrected). CONCLUSION Imaging of GABAA receptor binding capacity in gerbils using [18F]FMZ PET revealed SRTM as a simple and robust quantification method of GABAA receptors. Comparison of BPnd in young and old gerbils demonstrated an age-related decrease of GABAA receptor binding.
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30
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Edinoff AN, Odisho AS, Lewis K, Kaskas A, Hunt G, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Kaye A, Morgan J, Barrilleaux PS, Lewis D, Viswanath O, Urits I. Brexanolone, a GABA A Modulator, in the Treatment of Postpartum Depression in Adults: A Comprehensive Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:699740. [PMID: 34594247 PMCID: PMC8477036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the three major categories on the spectrum of postpartum psychiatric syndromes. Postpartum psychiatric syndromes are classified as either postpartum blues, postpartum depression, or postpartum psychosis. Postpartum depression is important to recognize clinically because of the effect it can have on the mother-child bond. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a progesterone derivative, is important for its role in positively modulating GABAA receptors. GABA-mediated signaling has been previously implicated in major depressive disorder. Allopregnanolone-mediated signaling has been identified as an important therapeutic target. Treatment with an allopregnanolone-analog, brexanolone, has been shown to improve depression scores in trials for the treatment of PPD. Brexanolone is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA and is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat postpartum depression. Brexanolone enhances the inhibitory effects of GABAA, restores dysfunctional GABAA transmembrane channels, and mimics a naturally produced progesterone metabolite that fluctuates during pregnancy and postpartum. One open-label study and two phase two studies have some significant reduction in HAM-D scores after treatment and that the effect was still there 30 days post-treatment. Per the data reported, intravenous infusion of brexanolone could be efficacious and safe for the treatment of women suffering from postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N Edinoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Amira S Odisho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Kendall Lewis
- Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Amir Kaskas
- Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Grace Hunt
- Louisiana State University Shreveport School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Adam Kaye
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - John Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - P Scott Barrilleaux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States.,University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.,Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants-Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.,Southcoast Health, Southcoast Physicians Group Pain Medicine, Wareham, MA, United States
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31
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Marques TR, Ashok AH, Angelescu I, Borgan F, Myers J, Lingford-Hughes A, Nutt DJ, Veronese M, Turkheimer FE, Howes OD. GABA-A receptor differences in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomography study using [ 11C]Ro154513. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2616-2625. [PMID: 32296127 PMCID: PMC8440185 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A loss of GABA signaling is a prevailing hypothesis for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Preclinical studies indicate that blockade of the α5 subtype of the GABA receptor (α5-GABAARs) leads to behavioral phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, and postmortem evidence indicates lower hippocampal α5-GABAARs protein and mRNA levels in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if α5-GABAARs are altered in vivo or related to symptoms. We investigated α5-GABAARs availability in antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients and antipsychotic-medicated schizophrenia patients using [11C]Ro15-4513 PET imaging in a cross-sectional, case-control study design. Thirty-one schizophrenia patients (n = 10 antipsychotic free) and twenty-nine matched healthy controls underwent a [11C]Ro15-4513 PET scan and MRI. The α5 subtype GABA-A receptor availability was indexed using [11C]Ro15-4513 PET imaging. Dynamic PET data were analyzed using the two-tissue compartment model with an arterial plasma input function and total volume of distribution (VT) as the outcome measure. Symptom severity was assessed using the PANSS scale. There was significantly lower [11C]Ro15-4513 VT in the hippocampus of antipsychotic-free patients, but not in medicated patients (p = 0.64), relative to healthy controls (p < 0.05; effect size = 1.4). There was also a significant positive correlation between [11C]Ro15-4513 VT and total PANSS score in antipsychotic-free patients (r = 0.72; p = 0.044). The results suggest that antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia have lower α5-GABAARs levels in the hippocampus, consistent with the hypothesis that GABA hypofunction underlies the pathophysiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Abhishekh H. Ashok
- grid.14105.310000000122478951Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ilinca Angelescu
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Faith Borgan
- grid.14105.310000000122478951Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jim Myers
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J. Nutt
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Federico E. Turkheimer
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- grid.14105.310000000122478951Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Bird LM, Ochoa-Lubinoff C, Tan WH, Heimer G, Melmed RD, Rakhit A, Visootsak J, During MJ, Holcroft C, Burdine RD, Kolevzon A, Thibert RL. The STARS Phase 2 Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Gaboxadol in Angelman Syndrome. Neurology 2020; 96:e1024-e1035. [PMID: 33443117 PMCID: PMC8055330 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and tolerability and exploratory efficacy end points for gaboxadol (OV101) compared with placebo in individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS). METHODS Gaboxadol is a highly selective orthosteric agonist that activates δ-subunit-containing extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. In a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, adolescent and adult individuals with a molecular diagnosis of AS were randomized (1:1:1) to 1 of 3 dosing regimens for a duration of 12 weeks: placebo morning dose and gaboxadol 15 mg evening dose (qd), gaboxadol 10 mg morning dose and 15 mg evening dose (bid), or placebo morning and evening dose. Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the study. Prespecified exploratory efficacy end points included adapted Clinical Global Impression-Severity and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scales, which documented the clinical severity at baseline and change after treatment, respectively. RESULTS Eighty-eight individuals were randomized. Of 87 individuals (aged 13-45 years) who received at least 1 dose of study drug, 78 (90%) completed the study. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate, and no life-threatening AEs were reported. Efficacy of gaboxadol, as measured by CGI-I improvement in an exploratory analysis, was observed in gaboxadol qd vs placebo (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSION After 12 weeks of treatment, gaboxadol was found to be generally well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile. The efficacy as measured by the AS-adapted CGI-I scale warrants further studies. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02996305. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class I evidence that, for individuals with AS, gaboxadol is generally safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Bird
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Cesar Ochoa-Lubinoff
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Gali Heimer
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Raun D Melmed
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Amit Rakhit
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jeannie Visootsak
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Matthew J During
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Christina Holcroft
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rebecca D Burdine
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
| | - Ronald L Thibert
- From the University of California, San Diego (L.M.B.); Rady Children's Hospital (L.M.B.), San Diego, CA; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (C.O.-L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Division of Genetics and Genomics (W.-H.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Pediatric Neurology Unit (G.H.), Safra Children's Hospital, the Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; The Sackler School of Medicine (G.H.), Tel Aviv University, Israel; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center (R.D.M.), Phoenix, AZ; Ovid Therapeutics Inc. (A.R., M.J.D.); Neurogene (J.V.), New York, NY; Prometrika, LLC (C.H.), Cambridge, MA; Department of Molecular Biology (R.D.B.), Princeton University, NJ; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry (A.K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; and Angelman Syndrome Clinic, Department of Neurology (R.L.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Frinchi M, Verdi V, Plescia F, Ciruela F, Grillo M, Garozzo R, Condorelli DF, Di Iorio P, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Belluardo N, Di Liberto V, Mudò G. Guanosine-Mediated Anxiolytic-Like Effect: Interplay with Adenosine A 1 and A 2A Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239281. [PMID: 33291390 PMCID: PMC7729560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic administration of guanosine (GUO) induces anxiolytic-like effects, for which the adenosine (ADO) system involvement has been postulated yet without a direct experimental evidence. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether adenosine receptors (ARs) are involved in the GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effect, evaluated by three anxiety-related paradigms in rats. First, we confirmed that acute treatment with GUO exerts an anxiolytic-like effect. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with ADO or A1R (CPA, CCPA) or A2AR (CGS21680) agonists 10 min prior to GUO on a GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. All the combined treatments blocked the GUO anxiolytic-like effect, whereas when administered alone, each compound was ineffective as compared to the control group. Interestingly, the pretreatment with nonselective antagonist caffeine or selective A1R (DPCPX) or A2AR (ZM241385) antagonists did not modify the GUO-induced anxiolytic-like effect. Finally, binding assay performed in hippocampal membranes showed that [3H]GUO binding became saturable at 100–300 nM, suggesting the existence of a putative GUO binding site. In competition experiments, ADO showed a potency order similar to GUO in displacing [3H]GUO binding, whereas AR selective agonists, CPA and CGS21680, partially displaced [3H]GUO binding, but the sum of the two effects was able to displace [3H]GUO binding to the same extent of ADO alone. Overall, our results strengthen previous data supporting GUO-mediated anxiolytic-like effects, add new evidence that these effects are blocked by A1R and A2AR agonists and pave, although they do not elucidate the mechanism of GUO and ADO receptor interaction, for a better characterization of GUO binding sites in ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Verdi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Plescia
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Grillo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.G.); (D.F.C.)
| | - Daniele F. Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (R.G.); (D.F.C.)
- Laboratory of Complex Systems, Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.I.); (F.C.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.F.); (V.V.); (M.G.); (N.B.); (V.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (G.M.)
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Age-related GABAergic differences in the primary sensorimotor cortex: A multimodal approach combining PET, MRS and TMS. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117536. [PMID: 33186716 PMCID: PMC7894275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with mechanistic changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. While previous work mainly focused on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based GABA+ levels and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-based GABAA receptor (GABAAR) activity in the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex, the aim of the current study was to identify age-related differences in positron emission tomography (PET)-based GABAAR availability and its relationship with GABA+ levels (i.e. GABA with the contribution of macromolecules) and GABAAR activity. For this purpose, fifteen young (aged 20–28 years) and fifteen older (aged 65–80 years) participants were recruited. PET and MRS images were acquired using simultaneous time-of-flight PET/MR to evaluate age-related differences in GABAAR availability (distribution volume ratio with pons as reference region) and GABA+ levels. TMS was applied to identify age-related differences in GABAAR activity by measuring short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Whereas GABAAR availability was significantly higher in the SM cortex of older as compared to young adults (18.5%), there were neither age-related differences in GABA+ levels nor SICI. A correlation analysis revealed no significant associations between GABAAR availability, GABAAR activity and GABA+ levels. Although the exact mechanisms need to be further elucidated, it is possible that a higher GABAAR availability in older adults is a compensatory mechanism to ensure optimal inhibitory functionality during the aging process.
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Huynh DL, Ngau TH, Nguyen NH, Tran GB, Nguyen CT. Potential therapeutic and pharmacological effects of Wogonin: an updated review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9779-9789. [PMID: 33165817 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are members of polyphenolic compounds, which are naturally presented in fruits, vegetables, and some medicinal plants. Traditionally, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis is widely used as Chinese herbal medicine and contains several major bioactive compounds such as Wogonin, Scutellarein, Baicalein, and Baicalin. Experimental and clinical evidence has been proving that Wogonin exhibits diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and treatment of bacterial and viral infections. In this review, we summarize and emphasize the benefits of Wogonin as a therapeutic adjuvant for anti-viral infection, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection as well as anxiolytic and anticonvulsant. Moreover, the molecular mechanism(s) how Wogonin mediates the cellular signal pathways and immune responses are also discussed and highlighted valuable properties of Wogonin in multiple therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Luong Huynh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hoang Ngau
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh University of Food and Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, 97 Vo Van Tan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gia-Buu Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Food-Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Cuong Thach Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Khatri DK, Choudhary M, Sood A, Singh SB. Anxiety: An ignored aspect of Parkinson’s disease lacking attention. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Saravanapandian V, Frohlich J, Hipp JF, Hyde C, Scheffler AW, Golshani P, Cook EH, Reiter LT, Senturk D, Jeste SS. Properties of beta oscillations in Dup15q syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:22. [PMID: 32791992 PMCID: PMC7425173 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duplications of 15q11.2-q13.1 (Dup15q syndrome) are highly penetrant for autism, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and epilepsy. The 15q region harbors genes critical for brain development, particularly UBE3A and a cluster of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) genes. We recently described an electrophysiological biomarker of the syndrome, characterized by excessive beta oscillations (12–30 Hz), resembling electroencephalogram (EEG) changes induced by allosteric modulation of GABAARs. In this follow-up study, we tested a larger cohort of children with Dup15q syndrome to comprehensively examine properties of this EEG biomarker that would inform its use in future clinical trials, specifically, its (1) relation to basic clinical features, such as age, duplication type, and epilepsy; (2) relation to behavioral characteristics, such as cognition and adaptive function; (3) stability over time; and (4) reproducibility of the signal in clinical EEG recordings. Methods We computed EEG power and beta peak frequency (BPF) in a cohort of children with Dup15q syndrome (N = 41, age range 9–189 months). To relate EEG parameters to clinical (study 1) and behavioral features (study 2), we examined age, duplication type, epilepsy, cognition, and daily living skills (DLS) as predictors of beta power and BPF. To evaluate stability over time (study 3), we derived the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) from beta power and BPF computed from children with multiple EEG recordings (N = 10, age range 18–161 months). To evaluate reproducibility in a clinical setting (study 4), we derived ICCs from beta power computed from children (N = 8, age range 19–96 months), who had undergone both research EEG and clinical EEG. Results The most promising relationships between EEG and clinical traits were found using BPF. BPF was predicted both by epilepsy status (R2 = 0.11, p = 0.038) and the DLS component of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.01). Beta power and peak frequency showed high stability across repeated visits (beta power ICC = 0.93, BPF ICC = 0.92). A reproducibility analysis revealed that beta power estimates are comparable between research and clinical EEG (ICC = 0.94). Conclusions In this era of precision health, with pharmacological and neuromodulatory therapies being developed and tested for specific genetic etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders, quantification and examination of mechanistic biomarkers can greatly improve clinical trials. To this end, the robust beta oscillations evident in Dup15q syndrome are clinically reproducible and stable over time. With future preclinical and computational studies that will help disentangle the underlying mechanism, it is possible that this biomarker could serve as a robust measure of drug target engagement or a proximal outcome measure in future disease modifying intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Saravanapandian
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Joel Frohlich
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, 3423 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joerg F Hipp
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carly Hyde
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Aaron W Scheffler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, Room 21-254C CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology and Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Edwin H Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Lawrence T Reiter
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics and Anatomy & Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Ave., Link, Memphis, TN, 415, USA
| | - Damla Senturk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, Room 21-254C CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shafali S Jeste
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
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Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Rizaeva NA, Kudryashova VA, Nikitina AT, Pavliv MP, Shchedrina MA, Giller DB, Bulygin KV, Sinelnikov MY. Amygdala: Neuroanatomical and Morphophysiological Features in Terms of Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080502. [PMID: 32751957 PMCID: PMC7465610 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is one of the most discussed structures of the brain. Correlations between its level of activity, size, biochemical organization, and various pathologies are the subject of many studies, and can serve as a marker of existing or future disease. It is hypothesized that the amygdala is not just a structural unit, but includes many other regions in the brain. In this review, we present the updated neuroanatomical and physiological aspects of the amygdala, discussing its involvement in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. The amygdala plays an important role in the processing of input signals and behavioral synthesis. Lesions in the amygdala have been shown to cause neurological disfunction of ranging severity. Abnormality in the amygdala leads to conditions such as depression, anxiety, autism, and also promotes biochemical and physiological imbalance. The amygdala collects pathological proteins, and this fact can be considered to play a big role in the progression and diagnosis of many degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Lewy body diseases, and hippocampal sclerosis. The amygdala has shown to play a crucial role as a central communication system in the brain, therefore understanding its neuroanatomical and physiological features can open a channel for targeted therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
- Department of Human Anatomy, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marine V. Oganesyan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Negoriya A. Rizaeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Valentina A. Kudryashova
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Arina T. Nikitina
- International School “Medicine of Future”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.N.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Maria P. Pavliv
- International School “Medicine of Future”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.N.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Marina A. Shchedrina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry B. Giller
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Kirill V. Bulygin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
- Department of Human Anatomy, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-89199688587
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Recurrent seizures cause immature brain injury and changes in GABA a receptor α1 and γ2 subunits. Epilepsy Res 2020; 163:106328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Evaluating the Impact of Prescribed Versus Nonprescribed Benzodiazepine Use in Methadone Maintenance Therapy: Results From a Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Addict Med 2020; 13:182-187. [PMID: 30543543 PMCID: PMC6553513 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Benzodiazepine (BZD) use is common in patients who are engaged in methadone as a treatment for opioid use disorder. BZD prescribing is generally discouraged for this patient population due to the increased risk of BZD dependence and BZD use disorder, medication-assisted treatment (MAT) discontinuation, and opioid-overdose death. However, some patients have concurrent mental health disorders, where BZD use may be clinically indicated. This study evaluates the impact of prescribed BZD on MAT outcomes. Methods: Linking urine drug screening data (UDS) and prescribing information from single-payer health records, we conducted a retrospective Kaplan–Meier analysis between patients using prescribed and nonprescribed BZD with methadone treatment retention as the primary outcome. Data are from a network of 52 outpatient clinics in Ontario, Canada, between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2013. Results: We identified 3692 patients initiating methadone-assisted treatment for the first time; 76% were BZD−/UDS− (no BZD prescription and <30% screens positive for BZD); 13% were BZD+/UDS−; 6% BZD−/UDS+; and 6% BZD+/UDS+. Using 1-year treatment retention as a primary outcome, patients using nonprescribed BZD (BZD−/UDS+) were twice as likely (adjusted odds ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.53) to discontinue treatment as those not using BZD (BZD−/UDS−), or those using BZD in a prescribed manner (BZD+/UDS+). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that prescribed BZD can be used during methadone MAT without impacting a patient's retention in MAT, but nonprescribed BZD use is predictive of treatment discontinuation. Importantly, we urge both the physician and patient to seek alternative clinical options to BZD prescribing, due to the potential for developing physical dependence (and BZD use disorder) to BZD and the risks of negative interactions with opioids.
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Luo ZY, Huang L, Lin S, Yin YN, Jie W, Hu NY, Hu YY, Guan YF, Liu JH, You QL, Chen YH, Luo ZC, Zhang SR, Li XW, Yang JM, Tao YM, Mei L, Gao TM. Erbin in Amygdala Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons Modulates Anxiety-like Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:926-936. [PMID: 31889536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric diseases, affecting 28% of people worldwide within their lifetime. The excitation-inhibition imbalance in the amygdala is thought to be an underlying pathological mechanism; however, the cellular and molecular control of amygdala excitation-inhibition balance is largely unknown. METHODS By using mice expressing chemogenetic activator or inhibitor channel in amygdala parvalbumin (PV) neurons, Erbin mutant mice, and mice with Erbin specifically knocked down in amygdala PV neurons, we systematically investigated the role of amygdala PV neurons and Erbin expressed therein in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders using the combined approaches of immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, and behavior. RESULTS In naïve mice, chemogenetic inhibition of PV neurons produced anxiogenic effects, suggesting an essential role in the regulation of anxiety. In stressed mice with anxiety, excitatory postsynaptic responses on amygdala PV neurons were selectively diminished, accompanied by a decreased expression of Erbin specifically in amygdala PV neurons. Remarkably, both Erbin mutant mice and amygdala PV-specific Erbin knockdown mice exhibited impaired excitatory postsynaptic responses on amygdala PV neurons and increased anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation of amygdala PV neurons normalized anxiety behaviors in amygdala PV-specific Erbin knockdown mice and stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results demonstrate that Erbin in PV neurons is critical for maintaining the excitation-inhibition balance in the amygdala and reveal a novel pathophysiological mechanism for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng-Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Cai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Mei Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Rasimas JJ, Kivovich V, Sachdeva KK, Donovan JW. Antagonizing the errors of history: bedside experience with flumazenil. TOXICOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24734306.2020.1752551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph James Rasimas
- PinnacleHealth Toxicology Center, Harrisburg, PA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Violetta Kivovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital –Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joseph Ward Donovan
- PinnacleHealth Toxicology Center, Harrisburg, PA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Sharma J, Bhardwaj VK, Das P, Purohit R. Identification of naturally originated molecules as γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:911-922. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1720818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- CSIR-IHBT Campus, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pralay Das
- CSIR-IHBT Campus, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- CSIR-IHBT Campus, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Verma S, Kumar S, Kumar S. Design, synthesis, computational and biological evaluation of new benzodiazepines as CNS agents. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Grigorova OV, Akhapkin RV, Aleksandrovsky YA. [Modern concepts of pathogenetic therapy of anxiety disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:111-120. [PMID: 31793552 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of anxiety disorders around the world leads to a high interest in the study of anxiety. At the moment, a lot of knowledge about the pathogenesis and therapy of anxiety disorders has been accumulated, which is well covered in modern domestic and world medical literature. It is known that many areas of the brain are involved in the modulation of anxiety, among which the amygdala is considered the key in the modulation of anxiety and fear. A large body of evidence supports the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems in the processes of anxiogenesis-anxiolysis (GABA, monoamines, glutamate, neuropeptides, neurosteroids). This article provides an analysis of methods of pharmacological impact on each of these systems, which serve to optimize the already known strategies of anxiolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Grigorova
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - R V Akhapkin
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu A Aleksandrovsky
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
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Khurana K, Bansal N. Lacidipine attenuates caffeine-induced anxiety-like symptoms in mice: Role of calcium-induced oxido-nitrosative stress. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1264-1272. [PMID: 31675672 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is a disorder of multi-factorial pathogenesis involving interrelated pathways of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress and metamorphosed calcium-signaling that negatively affects brain functions. Modulation of Ca2+-channels outlines a promising strategy to curb the progression of anxiety-like disorders through attenuation of redox-imbalance. The current research scheme was designed to explore the anxiolytic effects of lacidipine (L-type Ca2+-channel blocker; LCD) pretreatment in caffeine-induced anxiety-like symptom model in mice. METHODS Forty-two Swiss albino mice (25-30 g) were distributed to 7 groups (n = 6): Vehicle control, caffeine, alprazolam + caffeine, lacidipine(0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, ip)+caffeine and Bay-K8644+LCD(3)+caffeine. Caffeine (25 mg/kg, ip) was administered from day 8 to 14 to induce anxiety-like symptoms in mice. Lacidipine (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg, ip) and alprazolam (0.25 mg/kg, ip) were administered from day 1 to 14 in separate groups. Bay-K8644 (Ca2+-channel agonist) was injected on day 14 to delineate the role of Ca2+ in anti-anxiety effect of LCD in caffeine-treated mice. Elevated zero maze and mirror chamber test were employed to assess anxiety-like behavior. Afterwards, the mice were sacrificed and whole brains were harvested for estimation of biomarkers of oxido-nitrosative stress, such as TBARS, GSH, SOD, catalase and total nitrite content. RESULTS An increase in brain oxido-nitrosative stress and anxiety-like behavior was observed in caffeine treated mice. LCD pretreatment attenuated the brain oxido-nitrosative stress and anxiety-like behavior in mice in caffeine treated mice. Anxiolytic effect of LCD was attenuated by Bay-K8644 (0.5 mg/kg) in caffeine treated mice. CONCLUSION LCD (L-type Ca2+-channel antagonist) pretreatment attenuated caffeine-induced oxido-nitrosative stress and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Khurana
- I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, India.
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Lerner A, Klein M. Dependence, withdrawal and rebound of CNS drugs: an update and regulatory considerations for new drugs development. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz025. [PMID: 32954266 PMCID: PMC7425303 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to describe dependence and withdrawal phenomena related to CNS drugs discontinuation and to clarify issues related to the evaluation of clinical drug withdrawal and rebound as they relate to safety in new drug development. The article presents current understanding and definitions of drug dependence and withdrawal which are also relevant and important features of addiction, though not the same. Addiction, called substance use disorder in DSM-5, affects an individual’s brain and behaviour, represents uncontrollable drug abuse and inability to stop taking a drug regardless of the harm it causes. Characteristic withdrawal syndromes following abrupt discontinuation of CNS-active drugs from numerous drug classes are described. These include drugs both scheduled and non-scheduled in the Controlled Substances Act, which categorizes drugs in five schedules based on their relative abuse potentials and dependence liabilities and for regulatory purposes. Schedules 1 and 2 contain drugs identified as those with the highest abuse potential and strictest regulations. Less recognized aspects of drug withdrawal, such as rebound and protracted withdrawal syndromes for several drug classes are also addressed. Part I presents relevant definitions and describes clinical withdrawal and dependence phenomena. Part II reviews known withdrawal syndromes for the different drug classes, Part III describes rebound and Part IV describes protracted withdrawal syndromes. To our knowledge, this is the first compilation of withdrawal syndromes for CNS drugs. Part V provides details of evaluation of dependence and withdrawal in the clinical trials for CNS drugs, which includes general design recommendations, and several tools, such as withdrawal questionnaires and multiple scales that are helpful in the systematic evaluation of withdrawal. The limitations of different aspects of this method of dependence and withdrawal evaluation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Lerner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA
- Correspondence to: Alicja Lerner, MD, PhD, FDA Controlled Substance Staff, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Building 51 Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA E-mail:
| | - Michael Klein
- Controlled Substance Scientific Solutions LLC, 4601 North Park Avenue #506, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-4572, USA
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Michael Klein, PhD Controlled Substance Scientific Solutions LLC 4601 North Park Avenue #506 Chevy Chase, MD 20815-4572 USA E-mail:
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Babar ZM, Jaswir I, Tareq AM, Ali Reza ASM, Azizi WM, Hafidz M, Ahfter F, Hasan M, Farhad S, Uddin MMR, Ichwan S, Ahmed QU, Taher M, Mawa I. In vivo anxiolytic and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of water-soluble extract (WSE) of Nigella sativa (L.) seeds. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2793-2798. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1667348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. M. Babar
- International Institute for Halal Research & Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I. Jaswir
- International Institute for Halal Research & Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. M. Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Bangladesh
| | - A. S. M Ali Reza
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Bangladesh
| | - W. M. Azizi
- PICOMS International College, Batu Muda, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. Hafidz
- International Institute for Halal Research & Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F. Ahfter
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Bangladesh
| | - M. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Bangladesh
| | - S. Farhad
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Bangladesh
| | - M. M. Rokib Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Bangladesh
| | - S.JA. Ichwan
- Faculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Hj. Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Q. U. Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Hj. Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - M. Taher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Hj. Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - I. Mawa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Khulshi, Bangladesh
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of 11-substituted-3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,10,11-hexahydrodibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-1-one derivatives catalysed by silica supported fluoroboric acid as potent antioxidant and anxiolytic agents. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sakamoto S, Yamaura K, Numata T, Harada F, Amaike K, Inoue R, Kiyonaka S, Hamachi I. Construction of a Fluorescent Screening System of Allosteric Modulators for the GABA A Receptor Using a Turn-On Probe. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1541-1553. [PMID: 31572781 PMCID: PMC6764212 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The fast inhibitory actions of GABA are mainly mediated by GABAA receptors (GABAARs), which are widely recognized as clinically relevant drug targets. However, it remains difficult to create screening systems for drug candidates that act on GABAARs because of the existence of multiple ligand-binding sites and the delicate pentameric structures of GABAARs. We here developed the first turn-on fluorescent imaging probe for GABAARs, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate ligand-receptor interactions under live cell conditions. Using noncovalent labeling of GABAARs with this turn-on probe, a new imaging-based ligand assay system, which allows discovery of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the GABAAR, was successfully constructed. Our system is applicable to high-throughput ligand screening, and we discovered new small molecules that function as PAMs for GABAARs. These results highlight the power of the use of a turn-on fluorescent probe to screen drugs for complicated membrane proteins that cannot be addressed by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Sakamoto
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Yamaura
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka
University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Fumio Harada
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuma Amaike
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryuji Inoue
- Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka
University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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