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Zancanella P, Oliveira DML, de Oliveira BH, Woiski TD, Pinto CC, Santana MHA, Souto EB, Severino P. Mitotane liposomes for potential treatment of adrenal cortical carcinoma: ex vivo intestinal permeation and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:949-961. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1762645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Zancanella
- Department of Chemical, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniele M. L. Oliveira
- Biotechnology Industrial Program, Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMed), University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago D. Woiski
- Research Institute “Pelé Pequeno Príncipe”, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cesar C. Pinto
- Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Maria H. A. Santana
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Biotechnology Industrial Program, Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMed), University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, Dorchester, MA, USA
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MAEKAWA M, MANO N. Identification and Evaluation of Biomarkers for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Based on Chemical Analysis Techniques. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2020.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nariyasu MANO
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
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Ghaedi E, Foshati S, Ziaei R, Beigrezaei S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Ghavami A, Miraghajani M. Effects of phytosterols supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2702-2710. [PMID: 31902603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have indicated a positive effect of phytosterols on blood pressure (BP), nevertheless these findings have been controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was aimed to investigate the effects of phytosterol supplementation on BP. An online search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar up to May 2019. Weighted Mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. The present meta-analysis of 19 RCTs showed that supplementation with phytosterols can decrease both systolic BP (WMD: -1.55 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.67 to -0.42, p = 0.007) and diastolic BP (WMD: -0.84 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.60 to -0.08, p = 0.03). Dose-response analysis revealed that phytosterol intake change SBP significantly based on treatment dose in nonlinear fashion. Subgroup analysis based on duration showed a significant effect of phytosterol on SBP and DBP in subsets of <12 weeks. In addition, a significant effect of phytosterol was observed in dosage of ≥2000 mg for SBP and <2000 mg for DBP. Based on current findings supplementation with phytosterol may be a beneficial adjuvant therapy in hypertensive patients as well as a complementary preventive option in prehypertensive and normotensive individuals. However, this issue is still open and requires further investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Foshati
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Early Life Research Unit, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Abstract
Cholesterol is a key steroidal, lipid biomolecule found abundantly in plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. It is an important structural component of cellular membranes and regulates membrane fluidity and permeability. Cholesterol is also essential for normal functioning of key proteins including ion-channels, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), membrane bound steroid receptors, and receptor kinases. It is thought that cholesterol exerts its actions via specific binding to chiral proteins and lipids as well as through non-specific physiochemical interactions. Distinguishing between the specific and the non-specific interactions can be difficult. Although much remains unclear, progress has been made in recent years by utilizing ent-cholesterol, the enantiomer of natural cholesterol (nat-cholesterol) as a probe. Ent-Cholesterol is the non-superimposable mirror image of nat-cholesterol and exhibits identical physiochemical properties as nat-cholesterol. Hence, if the biological effects of cholesterol result solely due to membrane effects, it is expected that there will be no difference between ent-cholesterol and nat-cholesterol. However, when direct binding with chiral proteins and lipids is involved, the enantiomer is expected to potentially elicit significantly different, measurable effects due to formation of diastereomeric complexes. In this chapter, we have reviewed the literature related to ent-cholesterol and its use as a probe for various biophysical and biological interactions of cholesterol.
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Treistman SN, Martin GE. BK Channels: mediators and models for alcohol tolerance. Trends Neurosci 2009; 32:629-37. [PMID: 19781792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced acute tolerance predicts alcohol abuse. We describe work on the role of the calcium- and voltage-gated BK channel in alcohol tolerance, highlighting the lipid environment, BK protein isoform selection and auxiliary BK channel proteins. We show how ethanol, which had the reputation of a nonspecific membrane perturbant, is now being examined at realistic concentrations with cutting-edge techniques, providing novel molecular targets for therapeutic approaches to alcoholism. Addictive disorders impact our emotional, physical and financial status, and burden our healthcare system. Although alcohol is the focus of this review, it is highly probable, given the common neural and biochemical pathways used by drugs of abuse, that the findings described here will also apply to other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven N Treistman
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00901, Puerto Rico.
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Covey DF. ent-Steroids: novel tools for studies of signaling pathways. Steroids 2009; 74:577-85. [PMID: 19103212 PMCID: PMC2668732 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane receptors are often modulated by steroids and it is necessary to distinguish the effects of steroids at these receptors from effects occurring at nuclear receptors. Additionally, it may also be mechanistically important to distinguish between direct effects caused by binding of steroids to membrane receptors and indirect effects on membrane receptor function caused by steroid perturbation of the membrane containing the receptor. In this regard, ent-steroids, the mirror images of naturally occurring steroids, are novel tools for distinguishing between these various actions of steroids. The review provides a background for understanding the different actions that can be expected of steroids and ent-steroids in biological systems, references for the preparation of ent-steroids, a short discussion about relevant forms of stereoisomerism and the requirements that need to be fulfilled for the interaction between two molecules to be enantioselective. The review then summarizes results of biophysical, biochemical and pharmacological studies published since 1992 in which ent-steroids have been used to investigate the actions of steroids in membranes and/or receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Covey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Campus Box 8103, Washington Univ. in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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Zhang JR, Coleman T, Langmade SJ, Scherrer DE, Lane L, Lanier MH, Feng C, Sands MS, Schaffer JE, Semenkovich CF, Ory DS. Niemann-Pick C1 protects against atherosclerosis in mice via regulation of macrophage intracellular cholesterol trafficking. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:2281-90. [PMID: 18483620 DOI: 10.1172/jci32561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) is a key participant in cellular cholesterol trafficking. Loss of NPC1 function leads to defective suppression of SREBP-dependent gene expression and failure to appropriately activate liver X receptor-mediated (LXR-mediated) pathways, ultimately resulting in intracellular cholesterol accumulation. To determine whether NPC1 contributes to regulation of macrophage sterol homeostasis in vivo, we examined the effect of NPC1 deletion in BM-derived cells on atherosclerotic lesion development in the Ldlr-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. High-fat diet-fed chimeric Npc1-/- mice reconstituted with Ldlr-/-Npc1-/- macrophages exhibited accelerated atherosclerosis despite lower serum cholesterol compared with mice reconstituted with wild-type macrophages. The discordance between the low serum lipoprotein levels and the presence of aortic atherosclerosis suggested that intrinsic alterations in macrophage sterol metabolism in the chimeric Npc1-/- mice played a greater role in atherosclerotic lesion formation than did serum lipoprotein levels. Macrophages from chimeric Npc1-/- mice showed decreased synthesis of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC), an endogenous LXR ligand; decreased expression of LXR-regulated cholesterol transporters; and impaired cholesterol efflux. Lower 27-HC levels were associated with elevated cholesterol oxidation products in macrophages and plasma of chimeric Npc1-/- mice and with increased oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that NPC1 serves an atheroprotective role in mice through regulation of LXR-dependent cholesterol efflux and mitigation of cholesterol-induced oxidative stress in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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