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Scobioala S, Parfitt R, Matulat P, Byrne J, Langer T, Troschel FM, Hesping AE, Clemens E, Kaatsch P, Grabow D, Kaiser M, Spix C, Kremer LC, Calaminus G, Baust K, Kuehni CE, Weiss A, Strebel S, Kuonen R, Elsner S, Haupt R, Garré ML, Gruhn B, Kepak T, Kepakova K, Winther JF, Kenborg L, Rechnitzer C, Hasle H, Kruseova J, Luks A, Lackner H, Bielack S, Beck JD, Jürgens H, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zolk O, Eich HT, Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen A. The impact of the temporal sequence of cranial radiotherapy and platin-based chemotherapy on hearing impairment in pediatric and adolescent CNS and head-and-neck cancer patients: A report from the PanCareLIFE consortium. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:320-331. [PMID: 37715472 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the temporal sequence by which cranial radiotherapy (CRT) and platin-based chemotherapy (PCth) are administered on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in pediatric and adolescent central nervous system (CNS) and head-and-neck (HN) cancer patients has not yet been studied in detail. We examined the ototoxic effects of sequentially applied CRT and PCth. This study included children and adolescents with CNS and HN tumors who participated in the multicountry PanCareLIFE (PCL) consortium. Audiological outcomes were compared between patients who received CRT prior to PCth and those who received it afterwards. The incidence, degree and posttreatment progression of SNHL, defined as Muenster classification grade ≥MS2b, were evaluated in 141 patients. One hundred and nineteen patients were included in a time-to-onset analysis. Eighty-eight patients received CRT prior to PCth (Group 1) and 53 patients received PCth before CRT (Group 2). Over a median follow-up time of 1.6 years, 72.7% of patients in Group 1 experienced SNHL ≥ MS2b compared to 33.9% in Group 2 (P < .01). A time-to-onset analysis was performed for 74 patients from Group 1 and 45 patients from Group 2. Median time to hearing loss (HL) ≥ MS2b was 1.2 years in Group 1 and 4.4 years in Group 2 (P < .01). Thus, audiological outcomes were better for patients who received CRT after PCth than before. This finding should be further evaluated and considered within clinical practice in order to minimize hearing loss in children and adolescents with CNS and HN tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Scobioala
- Clinic for Radiotherapy, Radiooncology University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ross Parfitt
- Department for Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital, Muenster, UKM, Germany
| | - Peter Matulat
- Department for Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital, Muenster, UKM, Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Langer
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Fabian M Troschel
- Clinic for Radiotherapy, Radiooncology University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Amélie E Hesping
- Department for Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital, Muenster, UKM, Germany
| | - Eva Clemens
- Erasmus University Medical Centre (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kaatsch
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Desiree Grabow
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Melanie Kaiser
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leontien C Kremer
- Academisch Medisch Centrum bij de Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology (PMC), and University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Calaminus
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Baust
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annette Weiss
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Strebel
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Kuonen
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Elsner
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- DOPO Clinic and Neuroncology Unit, Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IGG), Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria-Luisa Garré
- DOPO Clinic and Neuroncology Unit, Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IGG), Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernd Gruhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tomas Kepak
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kepakova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jeanette Falck Winther
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Kenborg
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catherine Rechnitzer
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ales Luks
- Motol Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Herwig Lackner
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Bielack
- Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology), Center for Pediatric, Adolescent, and Women's Medicine, Stuttgart Cancer Center, Klinikum Stuttgart-Olgahospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörn-Dirk Beck
- Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heribert Jürgens
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Zolk
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Brandenburg Medical School, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Hans Theodor Eich
- Clinic for Radiotherapy, Radiooncology University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Ruggiero A, Trombatore G, Triarico S, Capozza MA, Coccia P, Attina G, Mastrangelo S, Maurizi P. Cisplatin Toxicity in Children with Malignancy. BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 12:1603-1611. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum’ derivates are antineoplastic agents widely adopted for their efficacy for the treatment of many pediatric cancers. The use of cisplatin has positively influenced the results of the cure of different childhood malignancies. However, cisplatin-based treatments are limited by the risk of severe and progressive toxicities, such as oto- or nephrotoxicity, that can be more serious in very young children expecially when high cumulative doses and/or radiotherapy is administered. A correct knowledge of the cisplatin’ pharmacological features might be of interest for clinicians in order to manage its potential toxicities. Based on the positive trend in the cure of children with cancer, it is crucial that all children receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy have and appropriate and long-term follow-up to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trombatore
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Triarico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Antonio Capozza
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Coccia
- Pediatric Hemato-oncology Unit, Ospedale Salesi, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attina
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Palma Maurizi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A .Gemelli IRCCS, Universita’ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Sirachainan N, Pakakasama S, Anurathapan U, Hansasuta A, Dhanachai M, Khongkhatithum C, Jinawath A, Mahachoklertwattana P, Hongeng S. Outcome of newly diagnosed high risk medulloblastoma treated with carboplatin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and etoposide. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 56:139-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Impact of radiation technique, radiation fraction dose, and total cisplatin dose on hearing : Retrospective analysis of 29 medulloblastoma patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2017; 193:910-920. [PMID: 28887665 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-017-1205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the incidence and degree of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) resulting from different radiation techniques, fractionation dose, mean cochlear radiation dose (Dmean), and total cisplatin dose. MATERIAL AND METHODS In all, 29 children with medulloblastoma (58 ears) with subclinical pretreatment hearing thresholds participated. Radiotherapy (RT) and cisplatin had been applied sequentially according to the HIT MED Guidance. Audiological outcomes up to the latest follow-up (median 2.6 years) were compared. RESULTS Bilateral high-frequency SNHL was observed in 26 patients (90%). No significant differences were found in mean hearing threshold between left and right ears at any frequency. A significantly better audiological outcome (p < 0.05) was found after tomotherapy at the 6 kHz bone-conduction threshold (BCT) and left-sided 8 kHz air-conduction threshold (ACT) than after a combined radiotherapy technique (CT). Fraction dose was not found to have any impact on the incidence, degree, and time-to-onset of SNHL. Patients treated with CT had a greater risk of SNHL at high frequencies than tomotherapy patients even though Dmean was similar. Increase in severity of SNHL was seen when the total cisplatin dose reached above 210 mg/m2, with the highest abnormal level found 8-12 months after RT regardless of radiation technique or fraction dose. CONCLUSION The cochlear radiation dose should be kept as low as possible in patients who receive simultaneous cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The risk of clinically relevant HL was shown when Dmean exceeds 45 Gy independent of radiation technique or radiation regime. Cisplatin ototoxicity was shown to have a dose-dependent effect on bilateral SNHL, which was more pronounced in higher frequencies.
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Proton therapy for paediatric CNS tumours — improving treatment-related outcomes. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:334-45. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Roddy E, Mueller S. Late Effects of Treatment of Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:237-54. [PMID: 26045296 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815587944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors represent the most common solid malignancy in childhood. Improvement in treatment approaches have led to a significant increase in survival rates, with over 70% of children now surviving beyond 5 years. As more and more children with CNS tumors have longer survival times, it is important to be aware of the long-term morbidities caused not only by the tumor itself but also by tumor treatment. The most common side effects including poor neurocognition, endocrine dysfunction, neurological and vascular late effects, as well as secondary malignancies, are discussed within this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Roddy
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Morita S, Nakamaru Y, Homma A, Sakashita T, Hatakeyama H, Masuya M, Fukuda S. Comparison of hearing outcomes after treatment for early-stage external auditory canal cancer. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1110-6. [PMID: 26445914 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the hearing outcomes after surgery with reconstruction of the external auditory canal in combination with tympanoplasty, radiotherapy (RT) alone, and surgery followed by postoperative RT for T1 to 2N0M0 external auditory canal cancer. METHODS We performed a retrospective, single-institution review of consecutive patients with early-stage external auditory canal cancer treated with surgery and/or RT between April 1997 and August 2013. Audiological data included the pretreatment hearing thresholds and those obtained at 12 months after the completion of therapy. RESULTS When we compared the functional gains for air-conduction pure-tone average thresholds and mean air-bone gaps, those in the surgery group (n = 10) were significantly higher than those in the RT (n = 13) and surgery + RT (n = 5) groups. CONCLUSION Adequate techniques for reconstruction of the external auditory canal in combination with tympanoplasty after complete surgical resection is useful for hearing preservation in addition to good survival outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1110-E1116, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Morita
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sakashita
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hatakeyama
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayori Masuya
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Whelan K, Stratton K, Kawashima T, Leisenring W, Hayashi S, Waterbor J, Blatt J, Sklar CA, Packer R, Mitby P, Robison LL, Mertens AC. Auditory complications in childhood cancer survivors: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:126-34. [PMID: 21328523 PMCID: PMC3091978 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have found associations between cancer therapies and auditory complications, but data are limited on long-term outcomes and risks associated with multiple exposures. PROCEDURE The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a retrospective cohort investigating health outcomes of long-term survivors (5+ years) diagnosed and treated between 1970 and 1986 compared to a randomly selected sibling cohort. Questionnaires were completed by 14,358 survivors of childhood cancer and 4,023 sibling controls. Analysis determined the first occurrence of four auditory conditions in two time periods: diagnosis to 5 years post-diagnosis, and ≥ 5 years post-diagnosis. Multivariable analyses determined the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of auditory conditions by treatment exposure. RESULTS Five or more years from cancer diagnosis, survivors were at increased risk of problems hearing sounds (RR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.8-2.8), tinnitus (RR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4-2.1), hearing loss requiring an aid (RR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.8-6.9), and hearing loss in 1 or both ears not corrected by a hearing aid (RR = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.8-9.5), when compared to siblings. Temporal lobe and posterior fossa radiation was associated with these outcomes in a dose-dependent fashion. Exposure to platinum compounds was associated with an increased risk of problems hearing sounds (RR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3-3.2), tinnitus (RR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.9-4.2), and hearing loss requiring an aid (RR = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.5-6.7). CONCLUSIONS Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of developing auditory complications. Radiation and platinum compounds are determinants of this risk. Follow-up is needed to evaluate the impact of auditory conditions on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Whelan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Carboplatin and ototoxicity: hearing loss rates among survivors of childhood medulloblastoma. Childs Nerv Syst 2011; 27:407-13. [PMID: 20931205 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-010-1300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with medulloblastoma are exposed to ototoxic treatments including radiation therapy and platinum chemotherapy. The favorable toxicity profile of carboplatin led us to substitute this chemotherapeutic agent for cisplatin in the HIT-1991, HIT-MED-1999, and HIT-2000 chemotherapy protocols. We retrospectively investigated its consequences in terms of overall survival and ototoxicity rates. METHODS Twenty-four medulloblastoma patients were treated according to HIT protocols with carboplatin substitution between April 1999 and June 2006. Nineteen (79%) patients had adequate baseline and post-treatment audiological data. Mean age at diagnosis was 9.3 (range 3.5-18.9) years with a mean follow-up time of 30.8 (8.1-111.3) months. Patients received a mean carboplatin cumulative dose of 2,131 (830-4312) mg/m(2). RESULTS Twenty-three patients were alive at the time of assessment. Hearing loss greater than 20 dB was observed in two (10.5%) of 19 patients. Both had grade 2 ototoxicity according to Brock's scale. There were no significant differences between the patients' baseline and post-treatment audiograms at any frequency. The observed hearing loss was significantly correlated to younger age at diagnosis and cumulative carboplatin dose (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The encouraging overall survival and low hearing loss rates in this medulloblastoma patient cohort suggest that protocols containing carboplatin may offer a viable alternative to standard cisplatin protocols and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridharan Gururangan
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Neuwelt EA, Brock P. Critical need for international consensus on ototoxicity assessment criteria. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:1630-2. [PMID: 20194840 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Stöhr W, Langer T, Kremers A, Bielack S, Lamprecht-Dinnesen A, Frey E, Beck JD. Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Osteosarcoma Patients: A Report from the Late Effects Surveillance System. Cancer Invest 2009; 23:201-7. [PMID: 15945505 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-200055951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in a recent study trial. Seventy-four patients who had received cisplatin for the treatment of osteosarcoma (median cumulative dose: 360 mg/m2) were investigated prospectively for ototoxicity in a multicenter trial. Hearing function was tested by audiometry. We evaluated the incidence and dependencies of hearing loss. After cessation of therapy, 51% of the patients showed a hearing loss of >20 dB in the frequency range of 4-8 kHz. Only in one patient a hearing loss was found at 2 kHz, and in none at 1 kHz. At a cumulative cisplatin dose of < or = 240 mg/m2, almost no ototoxicity was found. Incidence and magnitude of hearing loss increased significantly with a higher cumulative dose. Furthermore, hearing thresholds were significantly poorer in children <12 years. A further follow-up investigation showed only a marginal change in hearing function. We conclude that ototoxicity is moderate in our group of patients and probably irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stöhr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, LESS Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Erlangen, Germany
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The prevalence of hearing loss in children and adolescents with cancer. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 73:608-14. [PMID: 18094801 PMCID: PMC9445738 DOI: 10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer in children has several side effects, including ototoxicity. Inner ear structures may be affected and hearing loss may ensue. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of hearing loss in patients with cancer using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), the Pediatric Oncology Group Toxicity (POGT), and the Bilateral Hearing Loss (PAB) criteria. Study design: a prospective study. Material and Methods: 94 patients admitted between 2003 and 2004 were analyzed. Visual inspection of the external auditory meatus and an audiologic evaluation were done. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the sample, and Kappa statistics was used to investigate concordance of hearing loss in the three types of classification. Results: The prevalence of hearing loss was 42.5% using ASHA, 40.4% using POGT, and 12.8% using PAB. The concordance of hearing loss was weak for POGT and PAB (k=0.36) and for PAB and ASHA (k=0.33). The concordance between ASHA and POGT was almost perfect (k=0.96). Conclusions: Hearing loss is an important side effect of the treatment of cancer in children. Periodic audiology monitoring is recommended to detect early hearing loss and to revise the treatment if necessary. Adoption of a classification system that detects mild hearing loss (ASHA) is recommended.
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Silva AMD, Latorre MDRDDO, Cristofani LM, Odone Filho V. A prevalência de perdas auditivas em crianças e adolescentes com câncer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0034-72992007000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O tratamento do câncer infantil provoca diversos efeitos colaterais, como a ototoxicidade, que é capaz de lesar estruturas da orelha interna e pode levar à perda auditiva. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de perda auditiva em crianças e adolescentes com câncer, utilizando três classificações: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Pediatric Oncology Group Toxicity (POGT) e Perda Auditiva Bilateral (PAB). Forma de Estudo: Transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Analisou-se 94 pacientes atendidos entre 2003 e 2004. Os indivíduos foram submetidos à inspeção visual do meato acústico externo e avaliação audiológica. Para caracterização da amostra utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e para a análise da concordância da perda auditiva nas três classificações foi utilizada a estatística Kappa. RESULTADOS: Houve prevalência de perda auditiva de 42,5% pela ASHA, 40,4% pela POGT e 12,8% pela PAB. A concordância para POGT e PAB, e para PAB e ASHA foi fraca (respectivamente, k=0,36 e k=0,33). A concordância entre ASHA e POGT foi quase perfeita (k=0,96). CONCLUSÕES: A perda de audição é um efeito colateral importante nos pacientes com câncer. A monitorização auditiva é fundamental, pois possibilita detecção precoce e revisão do tratamento. Recomenda-se adotar uma classificação que contemple perdas auditivas leves, como proposta pela ASHA.
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Bhatnagar A, Deutsch M. The Role for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in pediatric population. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2007; 5:591-5. [PMID: 17121435 DOI: 10.1177/153303460600500606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate our initial experience on the use of IMRT in children with tumors in eloquent or critical locations. Twenty-two children with a median age of 12 years (range 1-17) were treated using IMRT for tumors which were within 2 cm of a critical structure. The treatment locations were spine [2], head and neck [5], abdominopelvic [8], and intracranial [7]. Eighty-two percent (82%) of patients were treated with curative intent despite most patients having advanced or metastatic disease and two patients having previously received standard external beam radiation. IMRT was delivered with a 6MV linear accelerator using dynamic multileaf collimators with a median of six fields. The median follow-up was five months [1-21]. The median administered dose was 45 Gy. The median planning treatment volume (PTV) was 105.4 cc. For the intracranial lesions, the mean doses to the pituitary, brainstem, cochlea, optic nerve, and lens were 31%, 42%, 17%, 27%, and 6% of the total dose, respectively. For the head and neck tumors, the mean doses to the spinal cord and parotid glands were 47% and 49%, respectively. For the pelvic tumors, the mean dose to the bladder, rectum, and small bowel were 51%, 63%, and 22%, respectively. Local failure occurred in one patient. IMRT resulted in substantial sparing of surrounding critical structures and acceptable local control rate for these tumors in children. Further follow-up is needed to assess long-term local control and late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Bhatnagar
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Low WK, Toh ST, Wee J, Fook-Chong SMC, Wang DY. Sensorineural hearing loss after radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy: a single, blinded, randomized study. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:1904-9. [PMID: 16622266 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.05.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The synergistic ototoxicity of radiation and cisplatin (CDDP) has not been adequately studied. This study investigated whether the use of concurrent and postradiotherapy CDDP in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) resulted in a difference in postradiotherapy sensorineural hearing when compared with the use of radiotherapy alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Newly diagnosed patients were randomly assigned to the radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy groups. Bone conduction hearing thresholds were performed before treatment and at 1 week, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after completion of radiotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Hearing thresholds averaged over 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz were found to be poorer in the chemoradiotherapy group (58 patients) compared with the radiotherapy group (57 patients) at 1 year (P = .001) and 2 years (P = .03) after radiotherapy. Hearing thresholds at 4 kHz were significantly worse for patients in the chemoradiotherapy arm at all of the postradiotherapy time points studied and were more severely affected than the thresholds at lower speech frequencies. In the radiotherapy group, deterioration of median hearing thresholds, which occurred in the immediate post-treatment period, improved within the first year but deteriorated again at 2 years. In the chemoradiotherapy group, median hearing threshold deterioration, which started immediately after radiotherapy, stabilized by 1 year. CONCLUSION Patients with NPC who received radiotherapy and concurrent/adjuvant chemotherapy using CDDP experienced greater sensorineural hearing loss compared with patients treated with radiotherapy alone, especially to high-frequency sounds in the speech range. Normal inner ear tissue tolerance, which was once defined only for radiotherapy patients alone, should be redefined in chemoradiotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wong Kein Low
- Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kushner BH, Budnick A, Kramer K, Modak S, Cheung NKV. Ototoxicity from high-dose use of platinum compounds in patients with neuroblastoma. Cancer 2006; 107:417-22. [PMID: 16779793 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The young age of neuroblastoma patients makes them especially prone to the ototoxic effects of widely used treatments that feature aggressive use of platinum compounds. We present data defining the extent of the problem in a large series of neuroblastoma patients whose induction included high-dose cisplatin/etoposide (HD-P/E) as used in both the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center N7 regimen and the Children's Oncology Group A3973 study. METHODS N7/A3973 patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 had hearing tested after induction, that included 2 cycles of HD-P/E (cumulative cisplatin = 400 mg/m(2)); Group 2 had hearing tested after induction, that included 3 cycles of HD-P/E (cumulative cisplatin = 600 mg/m(2)); and Group 3 had hearing tested following carboplatin-containing myeloablative therapy administered after induction, that included 2 cycles of HD-P/E. Ototoxicity was scored by the Brock method. RESULTS All 3 groups had similar clinical characteristics, including median age at diagnosis of about 3 years. Little or no hearing loss in the speech range (Grade 0/1) was documented in 21 (32%) of the 65 Group 1 patients, 5 (10%) of the 50 Group 2 patients, and 9 (15.5%) of the 58 Group 3 patients. Severe (Grade 3/4) deficits affected 25% of Group 1, 54% of Group 2, and 50% of Group 3 patients. Patients < 5 years at diagnosis had greater ototoxicity than older patients had, with adolescents/adults being the least affected. Findings were stable in repeated assessments over 2 or more years. CONCLUSIONS Ototoxicity is a serious and pervasive problem in this patient population. Strategies to ameliorate ototoxicity without compromising on antitumor activity of treatments are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Knight KRG, Kraemer DF, Neuwelt EA. Ototoxicity in Children Receiving Platinum Chemotherapy: Underestimating a Commonly Occurring Toxicity That May Influence Academic and Social Development. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:8588-96. [PMID: 16314621 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.00.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the frequency and severity of ototoxicity in a series of pediatric patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Serial audiologic evaluations were conducted for 67 patients aged 8 months to 23 years who received platinum-based chemotherapy. Audiologic data was analyzed to determine time to hearing-loss using American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) criteria, and the effects of treatment and patient characteristics on the incidence and severity of ototoxicity. Results Bilateral decreases in hearing were seen in 61% of patients (median time to hearing loss, 135 days). Children treated for medulloblastoma, osteosarcoma, and neuroblastoma had greater incidence and severity of hearing loss. Agreement between the usually reported National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and ASHA criteria was inadequate. Conclusion Traditional reporting of toxicity data (CTCAE) has under-reported ototoxicity and minimized the significance of hearing loss in children. As pediatric patients experience improved survival, the effects and implications of high-frequency hearing loss with regard to academic achievement and speech and language development are important considerations, especially in patients younger than 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R Gilmer Knight
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatric Audiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland 97201, USA
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21
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Marshall NE, Ballman KV, Michalak JC, Schomberg PJ, Burton GV, Sandler HM, Cascino TL, Jaeckle KA, Buckner JC. Ototoxicity of cisplatin plus standard radiation therapy vs. accelerated radiation therapy in glioblastoma patients. J Neurooncol 2005; 77:315-20. [PMID: 16273313 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-005-9049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of cisplatin (CDDP) plus concurrent radiation therapy on hearing loss. METHODS 451 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were randomly assigned after surgery to: Arm A: Carmustine (BCNU) + standard radiation therapy (SRT); Arm B: BCNU + accelerated radiation therapy (ART: 160 cGy twice daily for 15 days); Arm C: CDDP + BCNU + SRT; or Arm D: CDDP + BCNU + ART. Patients on arms C and D received audiograms at baseline, and prior to the start of RT, and prior to cycles 3 and 6. Otologic toxicities were recorded at each visit. RESULTS 56% of patients had hearing loss at baseline. 13% and 50% of patients experienced worsening ototoxicity after 1 year of treatment in arms A and B vs. C and D, respectively, with 13% of those on arms C and D experiencing significant ototoxicity (>or= grade 3) at 6 months. Increasing age was associated with an increased risk of ototoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Increased exposure to CDDP increases the risk of ototoxicity over time. Older patients are more susceptible to hearing loss with CDDP. The low proportion of patients with clinically significant ototoxicity suggests that baseline screening is unnecessary in GBM patients.
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Skinner R. Best practice in assessing ototoxicity in children with cancer. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:2352-4. [PMID: 15519505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oh YT, Kim CH, Choi JH, Kang SH, Chun M. Sensory neural hearing loss after concurrent cisplatin and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2004; 72:79-82. [PMID: 15236878 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) was evaluated in the patients who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ten from 48 ears showed persistent SNHL. Radiotherapy techniques, radiation dose to inner ear and post-treatment otitis media were significant predicting factors for SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Taek Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Paldal-Gu, Suwon 442-721, South Korea
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Merchant TE, Gould CJ, Xiong X, Robbins N, Zhu J, Pritchard DL, Khan R, Heideman RL, Krasin MJ, Kun LE. Early neuro-otologic effects of three-dimensional irradiation in children with primary brain tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:1194-207. [PMID: 15001264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2002] [Revised: 07/18/2003] [Accepted: 07/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Central nervous system (CNS) irradiation can cause sensorineural hearing loss. The relationship between the dose to the cochlea and the development of hearing loss is unknown. Conformal radiation therapy (CRT) techniques facilitate accurate cochlear dosimetry. We modeled hearing threshold levels (HTL) after CRT in children with localized primary brain tumors (ependymoma, low- or high-grade astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, or CNS germinoma) by using cochlear dose and clinical variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated 72 children (median age, 9.5 years) with audiograms before and every 6 months after CRT (median follow-up, 16.6 months; range, 4.3-42.6 months). We used a mixed-effects model to predict change in hearing for each ear as a function of time, cochlear dose, and clinical variables. RESULTS Hearing was affected the greatest in patients with CSF shunts and pre-CRT ototoxic chemotherapy, enhanced by cochlear dose, and was more prominent on the right side. Hearing impairment after CRT alone occurred at low and intermediate frequencies in patients with shunts and supratentorial tumors when the cochlear dose exceeded 32 Gy. Patients with shunts and central supratentorial tumors developed intermediate-frequency hearing loss after CRT alone regardless of dose. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss during the first 4 years after CRT alone is uncommon, although patients with shunts and supratentorial tumors appear to be at increased risk for low- and intermediate-frequency effects. CSF shunting and increased cochlear dose enhance the effect of ototoxic chemotherapy. If possible, the average cochlear dose should be <32 Gy over a 6-week course of treatment until more specific dose data become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Merchant
- Department ofRadiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Huang E, Teh BS, Strother DR, Davis QG, Chiu JK, Lu HH, Carpenter LS, Mai WY, Chintagumpala MM, South M, Grant WH, Butler EB, Woo SY. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for pediatric medulloblastoma: early report on the reduction of ototoxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 52:599-605. [PMID: 11849779 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)02641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of cisplatin chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of medulloblastoma has been shown to cause significant ototoxicity, impairing a child's cognitive function and quality of life. Our purpose is to determine whether the new conformal technique of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) can achieve lower rates of hearing loss by decreasing the radiation dose delivered to the cochlea and eighth cranial nerve (auditory apparatus). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six pediatric patients treated for medulloblastoma were retrospectively divided into two groups that received either conventional radiotherapy (Conventional-RT Group) or IMRT (IMRT Group). One hundred thirteen pure-tone audiograms were evaluated retrospectively, and hearing function was graded on a scale of 0 to 4 according to the Pediatric Oncology Group's toxicity criteria. Statistical analysis comparing the rates of ototoxicity was performed using Fisher's exact test with two-tailed analysis. RESULTS When compared to conventional radiotherapy, IMRT delivered 68% of the radiation dose to the auditory apparatus (mean dose: 36.7 vs. 54.2 Gy). Audiometric evaluation showed that mean decibel hearing thresholds of the IMRT Group were lower at every frequency compared to those of the Conventional-RT Group, despite having higher cumulative doses of cisplatin. The overall incidence of ototoxicity was lower in the IMRT Group. Thirteen percent of the IMRT Group had Grade 3 or 4 hearing loss, compared to 64% of the Conventional-RT Group (p < 0.014). CONCLUSION The conformal technique of IMRT delivered much lower doses of radiation to the auditory apparatus, while still delivering full doses to the desired target volume. Our findings suggest that, despite higher doses of cisplatin, and despite radiotherapy before cisplatin therapy, treatment with IMRT can achieve a lower rate of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Huang
- Department of Radiology/Section of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe hearing changes in a group of 28 children (age range, 8-180 mo) undergoing protocol-based cisplatin therapy. METHODS Conventional, play audiometry, visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), immittance audiometry, transient click evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), and auditory brainstem response (ABR) evoked potentials were used to assess peripheral sensitivity and for threshold determination. RESULTS Bilateral symmetrical high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss was noted in 9 of the 28 children (26%). Hearing loss was evident as early as 1 month after chemotherapy and as late as 50 months and was not dependent on individual or cumulative dosage of cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS 1) Presence of sensorineural hearing loss was independent of individual and/or cumulative dosage of cisplatin; 2) audiologic assessment should be incorporated into a child's periodic medical evaluations after chemotherapy treatment, as onset of sensorineural hearing loss cannot be predicted; 3) personal hearing aids may be indicated for those children with hearing loss affecting the low- to mid-frequencies; a personal assistive listening device (frequency modulated system) may be more appropriate for losses above 3000 Hz; and 4) evaluation and intervention by a speech-language pathologist may be indicated to address possible articulation or language development problems consequent to hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Berg
- Department of Speech Communication Sciences, Pace University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10038-1598, USA
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Ho WK, Wei WI, Kwong DL, Sham JS, Tai PT, Yuen AP, Au DK. Long-term sensorineural hearing deficit following radiotherapy in patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A prospective study. Head Neck 1999; 21:547-53. [PMID: 10449671 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0347(199909)21:6<547::aid-hed8>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This was a prospective study to evaluate the effect of radical external irradiation on inner ear function after treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Pure tone audiograms were performed at regular intervals before, after, and up to 4.5 years following completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-four patients (526 ears) were included. Within 3 months after radiotherapy, deterioration of bone conduction threshold at 4 kHz and pure tone average (average of 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz) were noted in 164 ears (31%) and 75 ears (14%), respectively. Patients older than 50 years and ears with threshold below 60 dB at 4 kHz before radiotherapy were significant factors (p < 0.01 and p < 0. 001) associated with a 4 kHz loss. In 40% of these ears, recovery was evident at 2 years. With follow-up for 4.5 years, the probability of significant threshold deterioration increased with time. CONCLUSION Sensorineural hearing loss started soon after radiotherapy. Early changes could be reversible while the probability of persistent hearing loss continued to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Ho
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Abstract
This experimental study was undertaken to investigate the dose-related effect of cisplatin exposure in young gerbils (2 weeks of age) and explore the relationship between different methods used to monitor auditory function after exposure to cisplatin. Four groups of animals, including a control group, were used. The treatment groups, D1 (n = 6), D2 (n = 7) and D3 (n = 6), received one, two, and three doses of cisplatin (5 mg/kg/dose), respectively, at weekly intervals. Treated animals were first exposed to cisplatin at 2 weeks of age. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured in treated and control animals at 6 weeks of age. The effects of dose and frequency on the DPOAE amplitude, as well as the relationship between the DPOAE and the ABR thresholds were analyzed. Animals in the D1 and D3 groups demonstrated significant elevation of DPOAE and ABR thresholds. Interestingly, animals in the D2 group demonstrated a bimodal distribution of DPOAE and ABR responses, with four animals severely affected and three not showing an effect. A tendency for a bimodal distribution of DPOAE and ABR responses was also observed in the D1 group, at frequencies below 8 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Tampakopoulou
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98105, USA
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Nagy JL, Adelstein DJ, Newman CW, Rybicki LA, Rice TW, Lavertu P. Cisplatin ototoxicity: the importance of baseline audiometry. Am J Clin Oncol 1999; 22:305-8. [PMID: 10362343 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-199906000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role and optimal use of audiometry in monitoring for cisplatin ototoxicity are incompletely defined. Audiograms were obtained from 217 patients before treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for cancers of the esophagus, lung, or head and neck. Posttreatment audiometry then was conducted in 53 of these patients. Chemotherapy consisted of two (87%) or three (13%) courses of cisplatin at a dose of 20 mg/m2/day given as a continuous intravenous infusion over 4 days. Simultaneous 5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel also was given, and 38% received concurrent radiation therapy to the head and neck. Air-conduction thresholds for each ear were obtained at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz. Three three-frequency pure-tone averages (PTA) also were calculated. Framingham gender-specific, age-adjusted norms were used, beginning at age 60 to correct for presbycusis, and the upper limit of normal was calculated as the greater of the Framingham mean plus twice the standard error, or 25 dB. Hearing abnormality was defined as a threshold >10 dB above the norm for any PTA, or >20 dB above the norm for any individual frequency. Hearing loss was defined as an elevation over baseline threshold of >10 dB for any PTA or >20 dB for any individual frequency. Of the 217 patients who underwent baseline testing, 57 (26%) were found to have hearing abnormality in excess of the expected presbycusis. Post-cisplatin audiograms demonstrated hearing loss in 19 of the 53 retested patients (36%) when compared with their own baseline. As determined by tympanometry, none of these subjects had a conductive component to their hearing loss. These observations were independent of the duration of follow-up after treatment and of the total dose of cisplatin administered. The authors conclude that significant preexisting hearing abnormality is common in this patient population and that, even after low-dose cisplatin administration, additional hearing loss occurs frequently. Baseline testing is mandatory if follow-up studies are to be adequately interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nagy
- Department of Hematology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Habrand JL, Oberlin O, Pein F, Leblanc T, Levy-Piedbois C, Doz F. [Combined chemoradiotherapy of tumors in the child]. Cancer Radiother 1998; 2:752-9. [PMID: 9922783 DOI: 10.1016/s1278-3218(99)80018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The high chemosensitivity of pediatric tumors along with their natural propensity for an early distant dissemination have stimulated the interest for chemo-radiation combinations in children since the mid 50s. Following the early experiments in nephroblastomas on the interaction of Actinomycin-D and radiotherapy, multiple national and international studies have been conducted since the mid 70s with considerable success: nowadays most pediatric tumors enjoy a long term survival in excess of 70%. Like their adult counterparts, these associations aim to induce an early control of the primary tumor and distant spreading (spatial cooperation) but also, more specifically in children, to limit the toxicity on normal tissues when treatment intensity can be further reduced. The association of an initial chemotherapy followed by local radiation at a dose and in a volume adapted to the response to chemotherapy along with associated prognostic factors has become widely tested in national and international studies conducted in Hodgkin's disease, Ewing's sarcoma, medulloblastomas, and brain tumors in the very young. Conversely, concomitant associations have remained limited to high-risk subgroups (parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas for example) due to their potential hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Habrand
- Département de radiothérapie, institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Kwong DL, Wei WI, Sham JS, Ho WK, Yuen PW, Chua DT, Au DK, Wu PM, Choy DT. Sensorineural hearing loss in patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a prospective study of the effect of radiation and cisplatin treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996; 36:281-9. [PMID: 8892450 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(96)00302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pattern of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied, and the effect of cisplatin, radiotherapy does, and fractionation were evaluated. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred thirty-two patients, 227 ears, and 1100 audiogram reports were analyzed. Radiotherapy dose ranged from 59.5 to 76.5 Gy. Fifty-two patients received preirradiation cisplatin, total dose 100-185 mg/m(2). Serial postirradiation bone conduction thresholds at 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz were compared with pretreatment thresholds at respective frequencies. Increase of at least 15 dB was considered as significant and was further grouped as transient or persistent SNHL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predicting factors for persistent SNHL. RESULTS At median follow-up of 30 months, 24.2% of ears developed persistent SNHL. High frequency was more affected than low frequencies, 22 vs. 5.3%. Males were more affected than females, 29.4 vs. 15.5%, p = 0.0132. Incidence of persistent SNHL increased with age, with 0, 17.2, and 37.4% of patients aged under 30, between 30-50 and over 50 affected, respectively, p = 0.0001. High incidence was found in patient with postirradiation serous otitis media (SOM), 46.9%. Chemotherapy with cisplatin and radiation dose or fractionation had no significant effect. Multivariate analysis confirmed age, sex, and postirradiation SOM as significant prognostic factors for persistent SNHL. CONCLUSIONS Transient and persistent SNHL occurred after radiotherapy, more commonly affecting high frequency. A low dose of preirradiation cisplatin did not increase the risk. A dose fractionation effect of radiotherapy was not confirmed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Kwong
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Ilveskoski I, Saarinen UM, Wiklund T, Perkkiö M, Salmi TT, Lanning M, Mäkipernaa A, Pihko H. Ototoxicity in children with malignant brain tumors treated with the "8 in 1" chemotherapy protocol. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 1996; 27:26-31. [PMID: 8614387 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199607)27:1<26::aid-mpo6>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy has improved the outcome of childhood malignant brain tumors in large randomized trials. With increasing survival rates, treatment toxicity has become a matter of concern. Radiation therapy and cisplatinum are known to be ototoxic. METHODS We evaluated the incidence and factors predisposing to ototoxicity in children treated with the "8 in 1" chemotherapy protocol in Finland during 1986--1993. Thirty-five of the 82 children survived for at least 1 year after diagnosis. Thirty of these children were old enough to have an audiogram. RESULTS Seventeen of the 30 children had normal hearing, seven had hearing loss at high frequencies, and six (20%) had severe hearing loss in the speech range. The risk factors for severe hearing loss were young age, a high cumulative dose of cisplatinum, and deteriorating renal function. In the presence of these factors, the risk of severe hearing loss was over 50%. Hearing loss at high frequencies could occur after low cumulative doses of cisplatinum, but severe hearing loss correlated with high cumulative doses. CONCLUSIONS Cisplatinum-induced hearing loss at high frequencies is common, but hearing loss in the speech range also occurs, particularly in children with predisposing factors, and may progress insidiously and rapidly. Therefore a hearing test before each "8 in 1" course is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ilveskoski
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Ayan I, Darendeliler E, Kebudi R, Barlas O, Ayan N, Bayindir C, Bahar S, Bilge N. Evaluation of response to postradiation eight in one chemotherapy in childhood brain tumors. J Neurooncol 1995; 26:65-72. [PMID: 8583246 DOI: 10.1007/bf01054770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ten children, 3 to 15 years of age with high risk primary brain tumors were treated with postradiation 'eight in one' chemotherapy; vincristine, lomustine, procarbazine, hydroxyurea, cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. The tumors comprised of three medulloblastomas, two primitive neuroectodermal tumors, one ependymoblastoma and four anaplastic ependymomas. Treatment involved surgery (two total resection, six subtotal and two biopsy only) followed by conventional radiotherapy (primary tumor: 50-54 Gy, whole brain: 30-45 Gy, and spinal axis: 25-36 Gy). Objective tumor response with radiotherapy was achieved in 7 of 9 patients (78%) (6/8 patients with residual tumor and one patient with complete resection but positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology). Complete response was attained in 4 of 9 patients (44%). 'Eight in one' chemotherapy was initiated four weeks after radiation and repeated at 4 weekly intervals for 5-8 courses. Postradiation 'eight in one' failed to show any additional effect on tumor responses. Median survival was 34 months (range 9-48 months) with five of ten patients alive: four in complete and one in partial remission. All the five survivors were among the patients who had achieved response to initial treatment. This result suggested that degree of response to initial treatment might determine subsequent outcome and thus the choice of modality for initial therapy might be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ayan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accidental cisplatin overdose occurs with increasing frequency despite the safeguards taken in prescription and administration, since cisplatin has been used increasingly for the treatment of numerous malignancies. Accidentally, a 59-year-old male received massive cisplatin overdose of 300mg/m2. METHODS Laboratory documentation included measurement of cisplatin concentrations by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy (Varian, Spectra AA 300). RESULTS Toxicities included severe emesis, myelosuppression, renal failure, mental deterioration with hallucination, dim vision and hepatic toxicity. Plasmapheresis was effective in lowering the platinum concentration from greatest 2979 ng/ml to 185 ng/ml and appeared to be of clinical benefit. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used to ameliorate myelosuppression. The patient's renal function was restored 3 months later and partial response of esophageal cancer was obtained. CONCLUSIONS Plasmapheresis was effective in lowering the platinum concentration in massive cisplatin overdose. This case heightens awareness to the possibility of accidental cisplatin overdose and the benefits of prompt management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Women's University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The outlook of children with pineoblastoma treated with radiation therapy alone is extremely poor, but neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been tried only in a few cases of this rare childhood brain tumor with poor prognosis. METHODS Three consecutive children 3 to 7 years of age received neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of etoposide 100 mg/m2 days 1 to 3, cisplatin 100 mg/m2 day 1, and vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 day 1, repeated every 4 weeks. After four courses of chemotherapy, patients underwent craniospinal irradiation. The radiation doses to the primary site ranged from 5040 to 5440 cGy and craniospinal axis radiation dose was 2520 to 3060 cGy. RESULTS After chemotherapy, mild myelosuppression occurred in all three and mild to moderate bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss occurred in two of the three patients. One patient remains in near complete resolution of the tumor at 2 years after diagnosis and another remains in CR for 5 years. One patient achieved PR for 5 months but eventually died of progressive tumor. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the neoadjuvant chemotherapy as used here is effective and has acceptable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Ghim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Watterson J, Simonton SC, Rorke LB, Packer RJ, Kim TH, Spiegel RH, Priest JR. Fatal brain stem necrosis after standard posterior fossa radiation and aggressive chemotherapy for metastatic medulloblastoma. Cancer 1993; 71:4111-7. [PMID: 8508376 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<4111::aid-cncr2820711250>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A 3-year-old girl received conventional-dose external beam posterior fossa irradiation (5400 cGy in 30 fractions over 40 days) for good-risk medulloblastoma. Soon thereafter, she experienced an extraneural (occipital scar, cervical lymph nodes) and central nervous system (CNS) recurrence. Intensive cisplatin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy led to rapid disappearance of the extraneural disease. Methotrexate was administered via a ventricular reservoir. After 2 months of chemotherapy, CNS toxicity progressed rapidly from ataxia to paraplegia to quadriplegia to central respiratory failure. Radiographic scans and autopsy material revealed brain stem necrosis. This unusual toxicity raises concern about the safety of aggressive systemic chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy, when given after conventional radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Watterson
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of St. Paul, Minnesota 55102
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Meister LA, Meadows AT. Late effects of childhood cancer therapy. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN PEDIATRICS 1993; 23:102-31. [PMID: 8513680 DOI: 10.1016/0045-9380(93)90019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Meister
- Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial, Hollywood, Florida
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Pakisch B, Urban C, Slavc I, Poier E, Stücklschweiger G, Oberbauer R, Mokry M, Poschauko J, Hammer J, Leitner H. Hyperfractionated radiotherapy and polychemotherapy in brain stem tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst 1992; 8:215-8. [PMID: 1394254 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Between October 1989 and January 1991 five children with brain stem tumors were treated with sequential chemo- and radiotherapy. The polychemotherapy consisted of procarbazine, ifosfamide, etoposide, methotrexate, cisplatin and cytosine arabinoside. Locally, hyperfractionated radiotherapy was delivered at a total dose of 63.8 Gy (1.1 Gy twice daily, 10 fractions per week). After a median observation time of 11.8 (range 4-23) months from diagnosis three children are alive and without evidence of tumor progression. Two patients died from tumor progression 11 and 16 months respectively after initiation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pakisch
- Abteilung für Strahlentherapie, Radiologische Universitätsklinik, Graz, Austria
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Grau C, Møller K, Overgaard M, Overgaard J, Elbrønd O. Sensori-neural hearing loss in patients treated with irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991; 21:723-8. [PMID: 1869465 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(91)90692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of the inner ear to irradiation. Cochlear function was tested in a cohort of 22 patients before and 7-84 months after receiving external irradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The pre-irradiation sensori-neural hearing threshold at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz was used as a baseline for the individual patient, and the observed sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) was calculated as the difference between pre- and post-irradiation values. The pre-irradiation hearing level or patient age was not correlated with the actual SNHL. In contrast, there was a significant correlation between the total radiation dose to the inner ear and the observed hearing impairment. SNHL was most pronounced in the high frequencies, with values up to 35 dB (4000 Hz) and 25 dB (2000 Hz) in some patients. The latent period for the complication appeared to be 12 months or more. The deleterious effect of irradiation on the hearing should be kept in mind both in treatment planning and in the follow-up after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grau
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology and Audiology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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