1
|
Hosseini I, Fleisher B, Getz J, Decalf J, Kwong M, Ovacik M, Bainbridge TW, Moussion C, Rao GK, Gadkar K, Kamath AV, Ramanujan S. A Minimal PBPK/PD Model with Expansion-Enhanced Target-Mediated Drug Disposition to Support a First-in-Human Clinical Study Design for a FLT3L-Fc Molecule. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:660. [PMID: 38794321 PMCID: PMC11125320 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
FLT3L-Fc is a half-life extended, effectorless Fc-fusion of the native human FLT3-ligand. In cynomolgus monkeys, treatment with FLT3L-Fc leads to a complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship, with observed nonlinear PK and expansion of different immune cell types across different dose levels. A minimal physiologically based PK/PD model with expansion-enhanced target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) was developed to integrate the molecule's mechanism of action, as well as the complex preclinical and clinical PK/PD data, to support the preclinical-to-clinical translation of FLT3L-Fc. In addition to the preclinical PK data of FLT3L-Fc in cynomolgus monkeys, clinical PK and PD data from other FLT3-agonist molecules (GS-3583 and CDX-301) were used to inform the model and project the expansion profiles of conventional DC1s (cDC1s) and total DCs in peripheral blood. This work constitutes an essential part of our model-informed drug development (MIDD) strategy for clinical development of FLT3L-Fc by projecting PK/PD in healthy volunteers, determining the first-in-human (FIH) dose, and informing the efficacious dose in clinical settings. Model-generated results were incorporated in regulatory filings to support the rationale for the FIH dose selection.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu KC, Adedeji AO, Zabka TS, Hosseini I, Kenkre R, Getz JA, Nguyen T, Decalf J, Bainbridge TW, Chilton JA, Moussion CC, Rao GK. Nonclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety assessment of a FLT3L-Fc molecule for cancer immunotherapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116837. [PMID: 38278496 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
FLT3L-Fc is a cytokine-Fc fusion agonizing receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 3; CD135). FLT3 is expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) as well as myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. Nonclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of FLT3L-Fc were investigated in rats and cynomolgus monkeys. FLT3L-Fc induced robust pharmacodynamic responses, evidenced by marked expansion of peripheral blood cDC1s, cDC2s, and pDCs (up to 301-fold in rats and 378-fold in monkeys), peaking at 8-10 days after the first dose. FLT3L-Fc was well tolerated with no adverse findings at doses up to 10 mg/kg administered intravenously twice three weeks apart. In both species, major clinical pathology findings consisted of expansion of white blood cell (WBC) populations including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and large unstained cells, which were pronounced after the first dose. The WBC findings were associated microscopically with histiocytic and mononuclear cell infiltrates in multiple organs. Tissue immunohistochemistry in monkeys showed that the leukocyte infiltrates consisted of hematopoietic progenitor cells and histiocytes with a reactive morphology and were associated with a slight stimulation of regional T and B cell populations. Additional FLT3L-Fc-associated changes included decreases in red blood cell (RBC) mass, increases in RBC distribution width, variable changes in reticulocytes, and transient alterations in platelet counts (rats only). The RBC and WBC findings were associated microscopically with increased hematopoietic cellularity of the bone marrow in both species and increased splenic megakaryocytic extramedullary hematopoiesis in rats. The totality of nonclinical safety data support the clinical development of FLT3L-Fc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Connie Wu
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Adeyemi O Adedeji
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Tanja S Zabka
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Iraj Hosseini
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Radhika Kenkre
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Getz
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Jérémie Decalf
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Travis W Bainbridge
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | | | - Christine C Moussion
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America
| | - Gautham K Rao
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahajan D, Kumar T, Rath PK, Sahoo AK, Mishra BP, Kumar S, Nayak NR, Jena MK. Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of Fetomaternal Tolerance for Successful Human Pregnancy. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0010. [PMID: 38782369 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable event where the semi-allogeneic fetus develops in the mother's uterus, despite genetic and immunological differences. The antigen handling and processing at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy appear to be crucial for the adaptation of the maternal immune system and for tolerance to the developing fetus and placenta. Maternal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are present at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy and are believed to play a crucial role in this process. Despite numerous studies focusing on the significance of Mφs, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of DCs in fetomaternal tolerance during pregnancy, making it a relatively new and growing field of research. This review focuses on how the behavior of DCs at the maternal-fetal interface adapts to pregnancy's unique demands. Moreover, it discusses how DCs interact with other cells in the decidual leukocyte network to regulate uterine and placental homeostasis and the local maternal immune responses to the fetus. The review particularly examines the different cell lineages of DCs with specific surface markers, which have not been critically reviewed in previous publications. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact that even minor disruptions in DC functions can have on pregnancy-related complications and proposes further research into the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting DCs to manage these complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deviyani Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Bidyut Prava Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Nayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wijfjes Z, van Dalen FJ, Le Gall CM, Verdoes M. Controlling Antigen Fate in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines by Targeting Dendritic Cell Receptors. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4826-4847. [PMID: 37721387 PMCID: PMC10548474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) orchestrate immune responses and are therefore of interest for the targeted delivery of therapeutic vaccines. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that excel in presentation of exogenous antigens toward CD4+ T helper cells, as well as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. DCs are highly heterogeneous and can be divided into subpopulations that differ in abundance, function, and phenotype, such as differential expression of endocytic receptor molecules. It is firmly established that targeting antigens to DC receptors enhances the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. While most studies emphasize the importance of targeting a specific DC subset, we argue that the differential intracellular routing downstream of the targeted receptors within the DC subset should also be considered. Here, we review the mouse and human receptors studied as target for therapeutic vaccines, focusing on antibody and ligand conjugates and how their targeting affects antigen presentation. We aim to delineate how targeting distinct receptors affects antigen presentation and vaccine efficacy, which will guide target selection for future therapeutic vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Wijfjes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J. van Dalen
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camille M. Le Gall
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Greene E, Finak G, D'Amico LA, Bhardwaj N, Church CD, Morishima C, Ramchurren N, Taube JM, Nghiem PT, Cheever MA, Fling SP, Gottardo R. New interpretable machine-learning method for single-cell data reveals correlates of clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 2:100372. [PMID: 34950900 PMCID: PMC8672150 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new method for single-cell cytometry studies, FAUST, which performs unbiased cell population discovery and annotation. FAUST processes experimental data on a per-sample basis and returns biologically interpretable cell phenotypes, making it well suited for the analysis of complex datasets. We provide simulation studies that compare FAUST with existing methodology, exemplifying its strength. We apply FAUST to data from a Merkel cell carcinoma anti-PD-1 trial and discover pre-treatment effector memory T cell correlates of outcome co-expressing PD-1, HLA-DR, and CD28. Using FAUST, we then validate these correlates in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from the same study, as well as an independent CyTOF dataset from a published metastatic melanoma trial. Finally, we show how FAUST's phenotypes can be used to perform cross-study data integration in the presence of diverse staining panels. Together, these results establish FAUST as a powerful new approach for unbiased discovery in single-cell cytometry. An interpretable machine-learning method for cytometry data analysis is developed Using this, candidate biomarkers of response to therapy are identified and visualized The method is used to validate our findings on two additional cytometry datasets It is shown how to integrate findings across datasets with heterogeneous marker panels
Our article introduces a new method, FAUST, which combines novel algorithms for clustering, cluster matching, variable selection, and feature selection. While these algorithms were developed for application to high-dimensional single-cell data—and our article validates this application area with multiple case studies—they are general purpose and can be applied to any collection of related real-valued matrices one wishes to partition. Some useful features of these algorithms to the broader data science community include the following: they estimate the number of clusters across a dataset, they can be applied independently to each matrix in the set of matrices one wishes to cluster, they match clusters across matrices on the basis of data-driven annotations, and the annotations are interpretable in relation to the initial measurement variables. We provide an open-source implementation of our method, https://github.com/RGLab/FAUST, targeting data structures optimized for use in cytometry data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Greene
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Epidemiology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Epidemiology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leonard A D'Amico
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Candice D Church
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chihiro Morishima
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nirasha Ramchurren
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janis M Taube
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul T Nghiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin A Cheever
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven P Fling
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Biostatistics Bioinformatics and Epidemiology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
How dendritic cells sense and respond to viral infections. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2217-2242. [PMID: 34623425 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to sense viral pathogens and orchestrate a proper immune response makes them one of the key players in antiviral immunity. Different DC subsets have complementing functions during viral infections, some specialize in antigen presentation and cross-presentation and others in the production of cytokines with antiviral activity, such as type I interferons. In this review, we summarize the latest updates concerning the role of DCs in viral infections, with particular focus on the complex interplay between DC subsets and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite being initiated by a vast array of immune receptors, DC-mediated antiviral responses often converge towards the same endpoint, that is the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of an adaptive immune response. Nonetheless, the inherent migratory properties of DCs make them a double-edged sword and often viral recognition by DCs results in further viral dissemination. Here we illustrate these various aspects of the antiviral functions of DCs and also provide a brief overview of novel antiviral vaccination strategies based on DCs targeting.
Collapse
|
7
|
Masterman KA, Haigh OL, Tullett KM, Leal-Rojas IM, Walpole C, Pearson FE, Cebon J, Schmidt C, O'Brien L, Rosendahl N, Daraj G, Caminschi I, Gschweng EH, Hollis RP, Kohn DB, Lahoud MH, Radford KJ. Human CLEC9A antibodies deliver NY-ESO-1 antigen to CD141 + dendritic cells to activate naïve and memory NY-ESO-1-specific CD8 + T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000691. [PMID: 32737142 PMCID: PMC7394304 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the efficacy of cancer vaccines, but current vaccines do not harness the key cDC1 subtype required for effective CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor immune responses. Vaccine immunogenicity could be enhanced by specific delivery of immunogenic tumor antigens to CD141+ DCs, the human cDC1 equivalent. CD141+ DCs exclusively express the C-type-lectin-like receptor CLEC9A, which is important for the regulation of CD8+ T cell responses. This study developed a new vaccine that harnesses a human anti-CLEC9A antibody to specifically deliver the immunogenic tumor antigen, NY-ESO-1 (New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1), to human CD141+ DCs. The ability of the CLEC9A-NY-ESO-1 antibody to activate NY-ESO-1-specific naïve and memory CD8+ T cells was examined and compared with a vaccine comprised of a human DEC-205-NY-ESO-1 antibody that targets all human DCs. Methods Human anti-CLEC9A, anti-DEC-205 and isotype control IgG4 antibodies were genetically fused to NY-ESO-1 polypeptide. Cross-presentation to NY-ESO-1-epitope-specific CD8+ T cells and reactivity of T cell responses in patients with melanoma were assessed by interferon γ (IFNγ) production following incubation of CD141+ DCs and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells with targeting antibodies. Humanized mice containing human DC subsets and a repertoire of naïve NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells were used to investigate naïve T cell priming. T cell effector function was measured by expression of IFNγ, MIP-1β, tumor necrosis factor and CD107a and by lysis of target tumor cells. Results CLEC9A-NY-ESO-1 antibodies (Abs) were effective at mediating delivery and cross-presentation of multiple NY-ESO-1 epitopes by CD141+ DCs for activation of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells. When benchmarked to NY-ESO-1 conjugated to an untargeted control antibody or to anti-human DEC-205, CLEC9A-NY-ESO-1 was superior at ex vivo reactivation of NY-ESO-1-specific T cell responses in patients with melanoma. Moreover, CLEC9A-NY-ESO-1 induced priming of naïve NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells with polyclonal effector function and potent tumor killing capacity in vitro. Conclusions These data advocate human CLEC9A-NY-ESO-1 Ab as an attractive strategy for specific targeting of CD141+ DCs to enhance tumor immunogenicity in NY-ESO-1-expressing malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Anne Masterman
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oscar L Haigh
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirsteen M Tullett
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Leal-Rojas
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frances E Pearson
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathon Cebon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Schmidt
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam O'Brien
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikita Rosendahl
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ghazal Daraj
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric H Gschweng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roger P Hollis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tzelepis F, Birdi HK, Jirovec A, Boscardin S, Tanese de Souza C, Hooshyar M, Chen A, Sutherland K, Parks RJ, Werier J, Diallo JS. Oncolytic Rhabdovirus Vaccine Boosts Chimeric Anti-DEC205 Priming for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:240-252. [PMID: 33209979 PMCID: PMC7658579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prime-boost vaccination employing heterologous viral vectors encoding an antigen is an effective strategy to maximize the antigen-specific immune response. Replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is currently being evaluated clinically in North America as a prime in conjunction with oncolytic rhabdovirus Maraba virus (MG1) as a boost. The use of an oncolytic rhabdovirus encoding a tumor antigen elicits a robust anti-cancer immune response and extends survival in murine models of cancer. Given the prevalence of pre-existing immunity to Ad5 globally, we explored the potential use of DEC205-targeted antibodies as an alternative agent to prime antigen-specific responses ahead of boosting with an oncolytic rhabdovirus expressing the same antigen. We found that a prime-boost vaccination strategy, consisting of an anti-DEC205 antibody fused to the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) as a prime and oncolytic rhabdovirus-OVA as a boost, led to the formation of a robust antigen-specific immune response and improved survival in a B16-OVA tumor model. Overall, our study shows that anti-DEC205 antibodies fused to cancer antigens are effective to prime oncolytic rhabdovirus-boosted cancer antigen responses and may provide an alternative for patients with pre-existing immunity to Ad5 in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Tzelepis
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harsimrat Kaur Birdi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Jirovec
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Boscardin
- Laboratory of Antigen Targeting to Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii)-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mohsen Hooshyar
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Chen
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keara Sutherland
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Werier
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070663. [PMID: 32674488 PMCID: PMC7408110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of checkpoint inhibition revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, studies from the last decade suggested that the sole enhancement of T cell functionality might not suffice to fight malignancies in all individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only part of the innate immune system, but also generals of adaptive immunity and they orchestrate the de novo induction of tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses. Thus, combinatorial approaches addressing DCs and T cells in parallel represent an attractive strategy to achieve higher response rates across patients. However, this requires profound knowledge about the dynamic interplay of DCs, T cells, other immune and tumor cells. Here, we summarize the DC subsets present in mice and men and highlight conserved and divergent characteristics between different subsets and species. Thereby, we supply a resource of the molecular players involved in key functional features of DCs ranging from their sentinel function, the translation of the sensed environment at the DC:T cell interface to the resulting specialized T cell effector modules, as well as the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the DC function. As of today, mostly monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are used in autologous cell therapies after tumor antigen loading. While showing encouraging results in a fraction of patients, the overall clinical response rate is still not optimal. By disentangling the general aspects of DC biology, we provide rationales for the design of next generation DC vaccines enabling to exploit and manipulate the described pathways for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Finally, we discuss how DC-based vaccines might synergize with checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of malignant diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Irvine DJ, Aung A, Silva M. Controlling timing and location in vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 158:91-115. [PMID: 32598970 PMCID: PMC7318960 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most powerful technologies supporting public health. The adaptive immune response induced by immunization arises following appropriate activation and differentiation of T and B cells in lymph nodes. Among many parameters impacting the resulting immune response, the presence of antigen and inflammatory cues for an appropriate temporal duration within the lymph nodes, and further within appropriate subcompartments of the lymph nodes– the right timing and location– play a critical role in shaping cellular and humoral immunity. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how vaccine kinetics and biodistribution impact adaptive immunity, and the underlying immunological mechanisms that govern these responses. We discuss emerging approaches to engineer these properties for future vaccines, with a focus on subunit vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee YS, Radford KJ. The role of dendritic cells in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:123-178. [PMID: 31810552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer. The potent ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate and regulate adaptive immune responses underpins the successful generation of anti-tumor immune responses. DCs are a heterogeneous leukocyte population comprised of distinct subsets that drive specific types of immune responses. Understanding how DCs induce tumor immune responses and the mechanisms adopted by tumors to evade DC surveillance is essential to render immunotherapies more effective. This review discusses current knowledge of the roles played by different DC subsets in human cancer and how these might be manipulated as new immunotherapeutics to improve CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses, with a particular focus on the conventional type 1 DCs (cDC1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Seng Lee
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wylie B, Macri C, Mintern JD, Waithman J. Dendritic Cells and Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E521. [PMID: 30979057 PMCID: PMC6521027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing effective anti-tumor immunity has become a major therapeutic strategy against cancer. Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogenous population of antigen presenting cells that infiltrate tumors. While DC play a critical role in the priming and maintenance of local immunity, their functions are often diminished, or suppressed, by factors encountered in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, DC populations with immunosuppressive activities are also recruited to tumors, limiting T cell infiltration and promoting tumor growth. Anti-cancer therapies can impact the function of tumor-associated DC and/or alter their phenotype. Therefore, the design of effective anti-cancer therapies for clinical translation should consider how best to boost tumor-associated DC function to drive anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the different subsets of tumor-infiltrating DC and their role in anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, we describe strategies to enhance DC function within tumors and harness these cells for effective tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wylie
- Phylogica, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21, Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21, Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saxena M, Bhardwaj N. Re-Emergence of Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Cancer Treatment. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:119-137. [PMID: 29458962 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential in immunity owing to their role in activating T cells, thereby promoting antitumor responses. Tumor cells, however, hijack the immune system, causing T cell exhaustion and DC dysfunction. Tumor-induced T cell exhaustion may be reversed through immune checkpoint blockade (ICB); however, this treatment fails to show clinical benefit in many patients. While ICB serves to reverse T cell exhaustion, DCs are still necessary to prime, activate, and direct the T cells to target tumor cells. In this review we provide a brief overview of DC function, describe mechanisms by which DC functions are disrupted by the tumor microenvironment, and highlight recent developments in DC cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Saxena
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA; Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balan S, Finnigan J, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic Cell Strategies for Eliciting Mutation-Derived Tumor Antigen Responses in Patients. Cancer J 2017; 23:131-137. [PMID: 28410301 PMCID: PMC5520811 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are equipped for sensing danger signals and capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to naive or effector cells and are critical in inducing humoral and adaptive immunity. Successful vaccinations are those that activate DCs to elicit both cellular and humoral responses, as well as long-lasting memory response against the target of interest. Recently, it has become apparent that tumor cells can provide new sources of antigens through nonsynonymous mutations or frame-shift mutations, leading to potentially hundreds of mutation-derived tumor antigens (MTAs) or neoantigens. T cells recognizing MTA have been detected in cancer patients and can even lead to tumor regression. Designing MTA-specific vaccination strategies will have to take into account the adjuvant activity of DC subsets and the best formulation to elicit an effective immune response. We discuss the potential of human DCs to prime MTA-specific responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Balan
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY NY
| | - John Finnigan
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY NY
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY NY
| |
Collapse
|