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Haanen J, Los C, Phan GQ, Betof Warner A. Adoptive Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Current Status in Melanoma and Next-Generation Therapies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e431608. [PMID: 38776509 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_431608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lifileucel or TIL has recently been FDA approved for metastatic melanoma patients as first cell therapy for a solid tumor. We discuss roll-out of TIL as new SOC and other upcoming new cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Division of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christy Los
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giao Q Phan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, UConn Health, Neag Cancer Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Allison Betof Warner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Imbimbo M, Wetterwald L, Friedlaender A, Parikh K, Addeo A. Cellular Therapy in NSCLC: Between Myth and Reality. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1161-1174. [PMID: 37646900 PMCID: PMC10556121 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this paper, we review the current state and modalities of adoptive cell therapies (ACT) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We also discuss the challenges hampering the use of ACT and the approaches to overcome these barriers. RECENT FINDINGS Several trials are ongoing investigating the three main modalities of T cell-based ACT: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), genetically engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The latter, in particular, has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, the efficacy against solid tumor is still sparse. Major limitations include the following: severe toxicities, restricted infiltration and activation within the tumors, antigen escape and heterogeneity, and manufacturing issues. ACT is a promising tool to improve the outcome of metastatic NSCLC, but significant translational and clinical research is needed to improve its application and expand the use in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Imbimbo
- Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laureline Wetterwald
- Oncology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alex Friedlaender
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva (HUG), 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Oncology Department, Clinique Générale Beaulieu, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaushal Parikh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital Geneva (HUG), 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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Schatz S, van Dijk FH, Dubiel AE, Cantz T, Eggenschwiler R, Stitz J. Generation of Human 293-F Suspension NGFR Knockout Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9 Coupled to Fluorescent Protein Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2681:361-371. [PMID: 37405658 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3279-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Suspension cells derived from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) are attractive cell lines for retroviral vector production in gene therapeutic development studies and applications. The low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) is a genetic marker frequently used as a reporter gene in transfer vectors to detect and enrich genetically modified cells. However, the HEK 293 cell line and its derivatives endogenously express the NGFR protein. To eradicate the high background NGFR expression in future retroviral vector packaging cells, we here employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate human suspension 293-F NGFR knockout cells. The expression of a fluorescent protein coupled via a 2A peptide motif to the NGFR targeting Cas9 endonuclease enabled the simultaneous depletion of cells expressing Cas9 and remaining NGFR-positive cells. Thus, a pure population of NGFR-negative 293-F cells lacking persistent Cas9 expression was obtained in a simple and easily applicable procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schatz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences, Campus Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Femke Harmina van Dijk
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences, Campus Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Elzbieta Dubiel
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences, Campus Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Research Group Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reto Eggenschwiler
- Research Group Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörn Stitz
- Research Group Medical Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences, Campus Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany.
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Bister A, Ibach T, Haist C, Gerhorst G, Smorra D, Soldierer M, Roellecke K, Wagenmann M, Scheckenbach K, Gattermann N, Wiek C, Hanenberg H. Optimized NGFR-derived hinges for rapid and efficient enrichment and detection of CAR T cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:120-134. [PMID: 35795096 PMCID: PMC9240717 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated unprecedented success with high remission rates for heavily pretreated patients with hematological malignancies. The hinge connecting the extracellular antigen recognition unit to the transmembrane domain provides the length and flexibility of the CAR constructs and ensures that the CAR can reach the target antigen and mediate recognition and killing of target cells. The hinge can also include specific amino acid sequences to improve CAR expression, influence T cell proliferation, and facilitate CAR T cell detection, enrichment, and even elimination. Here, we report the generation of two novel hinge domains derived from the low-affinity p75 chain of the human nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), termed N3 and N4, which, when incorporated into the CAR backbone, allow detection as well as high-grade enrichment of CAR T cells with GMP-compatible immunomagnetic reagents. After optimizing the MACS protocol for excellent CAR T cell purity and yield, we demonstrated that N3- and N4-hinged CAR T cells are as efficacious as their CD8-hinged counterparts in vitro against hematological blasts and also in vivo in the control of acute monocytic leukemia in an immunodeficient mouse xenograft model. Thus, both hinges could potentially be an integral part of future CAR designs and universally applicable in clinical applications.
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Moreno V, Hernandez T, de Miguel M, Doger B, Calvo E. Adoptive cell therapy for solid tumors: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 59:70-84. [PMID: 34153896 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells has caused a significant revolution in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, for solid tumors, this treatment modality has been proven insufficient to achieve significant antitumor activity. The use of modified T cell receptors towards tumor-associated antigens (NY-ESO, MAGE-A4) has recently shown antitumor activity in synovial sarcoma. Also, treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes shows clinical activity in metastatic cervical cancer and melanoma resistant to checkpoint inhibitors. Strategies to improve results and broaden the applicability of therapeutic lymphocytes for solid tumors include local delivery, fourth generation chimeric antigen receptor T cells, off-the-shelf T lymphocytes and private neoantigen-directed cells, among others. In this review, we summarize the status of adoptive cell therapy using T cells for solid tumors and the investigational strategies being tested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Hernandez
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria de Miguel
- START Madrid-CIOCC: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-CIOCC: Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
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Jiménez-Reinoso A, Nehme-Álvarez D, Domínguez-Alonso C, Álvarez-Vallina L. Synthetic TILs: Engineered Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes With Improved Therapeutic Potential. Front Oncol 2021; 10:593848. [PMID: 33680923 PMCID: PMC7928359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective and life-changing approach for several types of cancers, both liquid and solid tumors. In combination with traditional treatments such as radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, immune checkpoints inhibitors have improved prognosis and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma and many other cancers. Among adoptive cell therapies (ACT), while chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in some hematologic malignancies, such as B cell leukemias, their success in solid tumors remains scarce due to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, ACT using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is arguably the most effective treatment for metastatic melanoma patients, but even if their isolation has been achieved in epithelial tumors, their success beyond melanoma remains limited. Here, we review several aspects impacting TIL- and gene-modified “synthetic” TIL-based therapies and discuss future challenges that must be addressed with these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Nehme-Álvarez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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